Bi ging

Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k

trn Microsoft Excel
PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm
Phng Ti u v iu khin
Vin Ton hc
Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit nam
Tm tt . Microsoft Excel 2000, 2003 c cc cng c ton hc rt mnh
gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k ton hc. Excel c th gii c cc loi bi
ton ti u: bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh tng qut, cc bin c th c rng buc
hai pha, rng buc cng c th vit dng hai pha; bi ton vn ti c hai ch s;
bi ton quy hoch nguyn (cc bin c iu kin nguyn hay boolean); bi ton
quy hoch phi tuyn. S bin ca bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh hay nguyn c th
ln ti 200 bin. Excel cn c th gii cc bi ton hi quy trong thng k ton
hc: hi quy n, hi quy bi, hi quy m.

Chng 1 c th dy b sung vo sau gio trnh Quy hoch tuyn tnh

hay Quy hoch nguyn bc i hc sinh vin c th gii ngay trn my tnh
cc bi ton ti u c ln pht sinh trong thc tin m khng cn phi lp trnh.
Chng 2 c th dy b sung vo sau gio trnh Xc sut thng k bc i
hc sinh vin c th tnh ngay c cc bi ton hi quy trn my tnh. C hai
chng ny u c th dy cho sinh vin ngay sau phn Excel ca mn Tin hc
vn phng. y l bi ging ca tc gi cho sinh vin mt s trng kinh t v k
thut.

Vi nt v tc gi. B.T.Tm hin lm vic ti Phng Ti u v iu khin

thuc Vin Ton hc, Vin khoa hc v cng ngh Vit nam, bo v Tin s nm
1978 ti Vin hn lm Khoa hc Lin x. a ch lin h: Bi Th Tm, Vin Ton
hc, 18 Hong Quc Vit, 10307 H Ni. a ch email: bttam@math.ac.vn. in
thoi c quan: 7.563.474, s my l 211.

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

Mc lc
Chng 1. Gii cc bi ton quy hoch ton hc trn Microsoft Excel ........................3
1.1. Bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh c mt ch s ...............................................................3
1.2. Bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh c hai ch s ................................................................5
1.3. bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn .......................................................................................7
Bi tp .................................................................................................................................8
Chng 2. Gii cc bi ton thng k trn Microsoft Excel ........................................10
2.1. Hi quy tuyn tnh bi ...............................................................................................10
2.2. Hi quy tuyn tnh n ..............................................................................................12
2.3. Hi quy m ................................................................................................................12
Bi tp ...............................................................................................................................13

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

Chng 1

Gii cc bi ton
quy hoch ton hc trn
Microsoft Excel
Dng Solver ta c th tm cc i hay cc tiu ca mt hm s t trong mt gi l
ch. Solver chnh sa mt nhm cc (gi l cc c th chnh sa) c lin quan trc
tip hay gin tip n cng thc nm trong ch to ra kt qu. Ta c th thm vo cc
rng buc hn ch cc gi tr m Solver c th dng. i vi bi ton quy hoch tuyn
tnh Solver dng phng php n hnh, i vi quy hoch phi tuyn Solver dng phng
php tt gradient tm mt cc tr a phng.

1.1. Bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh c mt ch s

Xt bi ton quy hoch
c1 x1 + c 2 x 2 + " + c n x n

f ( x) max / min

a11 x1 + a12 x 2 + " + a1n x n

(1)

Q b1

a 21 x1 + a 22 x 2 + " + a 2n x n

Q b2

" " " " " " " " "

a m1 x1 + a m 2 x 2 + " + a mn x n
xj

= interger
= binary (0 or 1)

Q bm
j = 1, . . . , n

trong Q l mt trong cc php ton quan h = , th t cc php ton quan h

trong cc rng buc l tu . Nh vy bi ton (1) c th l bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh
thng thng, quy hoch tuyn tnh nguyn hay quy hoch boolean.
Cch b tr d liu cho trn bng tnh:
c[1]
a[1,1]
a[2,1]
......
a[m,1]
x[1]

c[2]
a[1,2]
a[2,2]
......
a[m,2]
x[2]

......
......
......
......
......
......

c[n]
a[1,n]
a[2,n]
......
a[m,n]
x[n]

c[j] x[j]
a[1,j] x[j]
a[2,j] x[j]
......
a[m,j] x[j]

b[1]
b[2]
......
b[m]

Hng cui cng l cc gi tr ban u ca cc bin cc cng thc ca Excel hot

ng, c th ly gi tr ca tt c cc bin bng 1.
Xt bi ton:

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

x1 + 4 x 2 + x3

min

(2)

2 x1 + 3 x 2 + 4 x3 20
5 x1 x 2 + 2 x3 12
x1 + 2 x 2 x3 2

x1 + 4 x 2 2 x3 1
x1 , x 2 , x3 0

Cc bc thc hin gii bi ton:

Bc 1. Nhp d liu bi ton vo bng tnh di dng sau:

Phng n ban u X = (1, 1, 1), n c th khng chp nhn c.

Bc 2. Tnh gi tr hm mc tiu ti E2 bng cng thc

= SUMPRODOCT($B$7 : $D$7, B2 : D2)
Hm Sumproduct cho tch v hng ca hai dy . Copy cng thc t E2 sang dy cc
E3 : E6 nhm tnh gi tr v tri ca bn rng buc bi ton (1).

Bc 3. Dng lnh Tools / Solver, xut hin hp thoi Solver Parameters.

Mc Set Target Cell: chn ch (cha gi tr hm mc tiu), c th nhy vo biu tng

ca Excel bn phi hp vn bn xc nh , trong v d chn E2. Mc Equal To: chn
Max nu cc i hm mc tiu, chn Min nu cc tiu hm mc tiu, chn Value of v
nhp gi tr nu mun ch bng mt gi tr nht nh, trong v d chn Min. Mc By
Changing cells: chn cc cha cc bin ca bi ton, ta chn khi B7:D7. Nhy nt
Add nhp tt c cc rng buc vo khung Subject to the Constraints (dng u trong
khung ng vi rng buc khng m trn cc bin, dng th hai ng vi hai rng buc u
bi ton (2), dng cui ng vi 2 rng buc cui). Khi nhy nt Add, hin hp thoi

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

Hp vn bn Cell Reference chn cc cn t rng buc ln chng, hp vn bn gia

chn loi rng buc (>= = <= interger, binary), hp vn bn Constraint chn gi
tr rng buc (c th l s hay gi tr trong cc ).
Sau khi nhp xong cc rng buc, nhy vo nt Options, hin hp thoi Solver
Options, nh du kim vo mc Assume Linear Model (khng nh m hnh ca ta l
tuyn tnh).

Bc 4. Trong hp thoi Solver Parameters nhy vo nt Solve bt u gii bi

ton ti u. Gii xong bi ton xut hin hp thoi Solver Results, chn mc Keep Solver
Solution (gi li li gii), nhy OK, kt qu gii bi ton nm cc B7 : D7. Kt qu ta
c phng n ti u l X = (0.5 , 0 , 4.75), gi tr cc tiu hm mc tiu l 5.25 E2.

1.2. Bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh c hai ch s

Bi ton vn ti. C m kho hng (im pht) cha mt loi hng ho, lng hng
kho i l ai . C n ni tiu th (im thu) loi hng ny, nhu cu ni j l b j . Chi ph vn
chuyn mt n v hng t im pht i ti im thu j l cij . Xc nh cc lng hng vn
chuyn xij t cc im pht i ti cc im thu j sao cho tng chi ph l nh nht v nhu cu
cc im thu c tho mn. Dng ton hc ca bi ton:
m n

cij xij min

(3)

i =1 j =1

xij ai

i = 1, ", m

j =1
m

xij b j

j = 1, " , n

i =1

xij 0 i = 1, " m,

j = 1," , n

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

im pht 1
im pht 2
im pht 3
im pht 4

Phng n

Cng ct
Nhu cu

im thu 1
c[1,1]
c[2,1]
......
c[m,1]

x[1,1]
x[2,1]
......
x[m,1]
x[i,1]
b[1]

im thu 2
c[1,2]
c[2,2]
......
c[m,2]

x[1,2]
x[2,2]
......
x[m,2]
x[i,2]
b[2]

......
......
......
......

......
......
......
......
......
......

im thu n
c[1,n]
c[2,n]
......
c[m,n]

x[1,n]
x[2,n]
......
x[m,n]
x[i,n]
b[n]

Tr mc tiu
c[i,j] x[i,j]

Cng hng
x[1,j]
x[2,j]
......
x[m,j]

Kh nng
a[1]
a[2]
......
a[m]

V d. Xt bi ton vn ti c 3 im pht v 4 im thu c nhp vo bng tnh:

Khi A2:D4 l ma trn chi ph vn chuyn, khi A7:D9 l phng n vn chuyn (gi
tr ban u cho tt c bng 1), khi F7:F9 l kh nng ca 3 im pht, khi A11:D11 l
nhu cu ca 4 im thu, khi E7:E9 l lng hng pht t mi im pht i theo phng n
X chn, khi A10:D10 l lng hng nhn c ti mi im thu j theo phng n X.
Gi s rng cc bt ng thc trong dng th hai v th ba ca bi ton (3) l ng thc v
tng lng hng c trong cc kho bng tng nhu cu ca cc ni thiu th.
Qu trnh dng Solver gii bi ton vn ti trn theo cc bc:
Bc 1. Nhp chi ph vn chuyn vo cc A2:D4, nhp kh nng ca cc im pht
vo F7:F9, nhu cu cc im thu A11:D11, phng n ban u A7:D9.
Bc 2. Tnh gi tr hm mc tiu trong F3 theo cng thc = Sumproduct (A2:D4,
A7:D9), hm ny tnh tng cc tch ca tng cp phn t trong hai khi . Tnh lng hng
pht ca im pht 1 ti E7 theo cng thc =SUM(A7:D7), sao chp cng thc ny vo
cc E8:E9. Tnh lng hng nhn c ca im thu 1 ti A10 theo cng thc =
SUM(A7:A9), sao chp cng thc ny vo cc B10:D10.
Bc 3. Dng lnh Tools/ Solver vi cc la chn hm mc tiu v cc rng buc:

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

Trong hp thoi Solver Options phi chn Assume Linear Model. Cui cng ta nhn
c gi tr ti u hm mc tiu bng 115, phng n vn chuyn ti u: x[1,3]= 10,
x[2,2]= 15, x[2,3]= 10, x[3,1]= 5, x[3,4]= 10 trong bng tnh kt qu:

1.3. Gii bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn

Xt bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn

Min f ( x) | g i ( x) = 0, i = 1, 2, " , m, x R n .

gii bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn bng Solver ta cn xc nh khi cha cc
bin (x[1], x[2], . . . , x[n]), mt cha gi tr hm mc tiu f(x), khi m cha gi tr cc
hm g i ( x) .
V d gii bi ton quy hoch ton phng:
x1 2 x 2 + 0.5 x12 + 0.5 x 22
2 x1 + 3 x 2 + x3 = 6
x1 + 4 x 2 + x 4 = 5
x1 , x 2 , x3 , x 4 0
Bng tnh gii bi ton ny nh sau:

Min

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

Phng n trong khi B2:E2 (phng n ban u cho mi phn t bng 0), hm mc
tiu trong F2 xc nh bi cng thc = - b2 - 2*c2 + 0.5*b2^2 + 0.5*c2^2. F3 tnh theo
cng thc = sumproduct ($b$2: $e$2, b3 : e3), cng thc ny chp sang F4. Cc rng
buc bi ton B2 : E2 >= 0, v F3:F4 = G3:G4. Khi gii cc bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn
ta phi b chn mc Assume Linear Model trong hp thoi Solver Options. Kt qu dng
Solver gii bi ton: tr ti u -2.0294, phng n ti u (0.7647, 1.0588, 1.294, 0).
Tm li Solver c th gii c nhiu bi ton ti u, s lng bin ti a ca bi ton
l 200 bin. Tuy nhin cng c nhiu bi ton n khng gii c, khi n a thng
a ra cc thng bo:
Solver could not find a feasible solution: bi ton khng c li gii chp nhn c.
Hoc c th do cc gi tr khi u ca nhng cha bin khc qu xa cc gi tr ti u,
hy thay i cc gi tr khi u v gii li.
The maximum iteration limit was reached, continue anyway ? s bc lp n s
cc i. Ta c th tng s bc lp ngm nh nh lnh Tools/ Solver, chn Options, nhp
gi tr mi vo hp Iterations.
The maximum time limit was reached, continue anyway ? thi gian chy vt qu
thi gian ti a ngm nh. Ta c th sa gi tr trong mc Max Time trong gp thoi
Solver Options.
Ch , nu cc lnh Solver v Data Analysis khng c trong menu Tools ta phi ci
t b sung t a CD: dng lnh Tools / Add-Ins, hin hp thoi, chn mc Solver Add in
v Analysis ToolPak.

Bi tp
1. Gii bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh nguyn b phn:
z = 5 x1 + x 2 + x3 + 2 x 4 + 3 x5 min
x 2 + 5 x3 x 4 2 x 5 2

5 x1 x 2 + x5 7
x1 + x 2 + 6 x3 + x 4 4
x j 0 j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

x j = interger, j = 1, 2, 3
p s: tr ti u l 12, phng n ti u (2, 2, 0, 0, 0).
2. Gii bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh boolean (bi ton ci ti) sau:
30 x1 + 19 x 2 + 13x3 + 38 x 4 + 20 x5 + 6 x6 + 8 x7 + 19 x8 + 10 x9 + 11x10 max

15 x1 + 12 x 2 + 9 x3 + 27 x 4 + 15 x5 + 5 x6 + 8 x7 + 20 x8 + 12 x9 + 15 x10 62
x j {0, 1}, j = 1, 2, " , 10
p s: tr ti u l 95, phng n ti u l ( 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0).
3. Gii bi ton phn cng cng vic. C n n v sn xut cn sn xut n loi sn
phm, n v i sn xut sn phm j vi chi ph l c[i,j]. Hy phn cng mi n v sn xut
mt sn phm tng chi ph l nh nht. Dng bi ton:
n

cij xij min

i =1 j =1
n

xij = 1,

i = 1, 2," , n

j =1

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

n

xij = 1,
i =1

j = 1, 2, " , n,

xij = {0, 1}

Dng Solver gii bi ton phn cng vi n = 4 v ma trn chi ph sau:

p s: tr ti u hm mc tiu l 3200000 ng, phng n ti u l x[1,1]= x[2,4]=

x[3,2]= x[4,3] = 1.
4. Gii bi ton tm lung cc i trn th c hng. Cho th c hng gm 6
nh, nu t nh u ti nh nh v c ng vn chuyn th ta v mt cung j, lng hng
vn chuyn trn cung ny l x[j], kh nng vn chuyn ti a trn cung ny l q[j]. Tm
lng hng ln nht c th vn chuyn t nh 1 n nh 6.

T th trn ta c th vit hm mc tiu v cc rng buc nh sau:

x[1] + x[2] ===> Max
x[1] - x[4] -x[5] = 0
x[2] - x[3] - x[7] = 0
x[3] + x[4] - x[6] = 0
x[7] - x[8] = 0
x[1] + x[2] - x[5] - x[6] - x[8] = 0
0 <= x[j] <= q[j], j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
trong vc t q = (4, 2, 4, 4, 1, 2, 2, 2).
p s: lng hng ti a c th vn chuyn l 5, phng n ti u l x = (3, 2, 0, 2,
1, 2, 2, 2). i vi cc bi ton th khc, nu bng cch t bin ta c th pht biu
chng di dng i s th cng c th dng Solver gii.
5. Gii bi ton quy hoch lm (c th c nhiu cc tiu a phng)
x12 + 2 x1 x 22 + 4 x 2 x32 + 8 x3 x 42 + 14 x 4 x52 + 18 x5 180 Min

x1 2 x 2 + x3 + 2 x 4 + 3x5 85
7 x1 + 9 x 2 5 x3 + 33x 4 11x5 500
2 x1 x 2 + 2 x3 x 4 + 2 x5 150
1.3x1 + x 2 + x3 + x 4 + x5 300
x1 + x 2 + x3 + x 4 + x5 300
x1 , x 2 , x3 , x 4 , x5 0
Vi phng n ban u X = (50, 50, 50, 50, 50) dng Solver ta c li gii ti u l
X = (0, 190, 0, 0, 110) v tr ti u hm mc tiu l - 45640.

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

Chng 2

Gii cc bi ton thng k

trn Microsoft Excel
Trong Excel c mt s hm mng thc hin hi quy tuyn tnh (Linest, Trend,
Forecast, Slope, Intercept) v hi quy m (Logest, Growth). Nhng hm ny c nhp nh
nhng cng thc mng v cho kt qu mng.

2.1. Hi quy tuyn tnh bi

Phng trnh hi quy bi tuyn tnh c dng:

y = m1 x1 + m2 x 2 + " + mn x n + b,

(1)

trong x1, x2, . . . , xn l cc bin c lp, y l bin ph thuc, cc h s m1, m2, , mn,
b l cc h s cn xc nh. Cc gi tr quan st ca cc bin c th b tr theo dng ct
hoc theo dng hng.
Hm Linest dng tnh cc h s ca phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh bi, c
php:
= LINEST(known_y's, known_x's, const, stats)
trong known_y's l khi cha cc quan st ca bin y; known_x's l khi cha cc
quan st ca cc bin x1, x2, . . . , xn; bin const c gi tr logic (nhp True hoc trng
nu c tnh b, nhp False nu buc b=0). Bin stats c gi tr logic, nhp False nu khng
in cc thng k hi quy, nhp True hoc b trng th hm cho cc thng k hi quy dng:
mn mn1 " " " m2 m1 b
sen sen1 " " " se2 se1 seb

r2

se y

df

ss reg

ss resid

trong sen sen1 " " " se2 se1 seb l cc sai s chun ho ca cc h s m1,
m2, ..., mn, b. H s r2 l h s xc nh thuc [0, 1], nu r2 = 1 th c quan h hon ho
trong mu, nu r2 = 0 th phng trnh hi quy khng c tc dng d on y.
H s se y l sai s chun ho cho c lng y. H s F l thng k F, dng F xc nh
liu gia bin ph thuc v cc bin c lp
c thc s quan h vi nhau hay ch l th
hin ca tc ng ngu nhin. H s d f l bc
t do, dng xc nh mc tin cy ca m
hnh hi quy. Cc h s ss reg ss resid l tng
bnh phng gi tr hi quy v tng bnh
phng lch.

V d 1. Bng bn cho s liu v doanh

thu (Y), chi ph cho qung co (X1), tin
lng ca nhn vin tip th (X2) ca 12 cng
ty t nhn, n v l 1 triu ng. Xy dng
hm hi quy tuyn tnh bi Y ph thuc vo
X1, X2.

10

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

c lng hm hi quy ta dng hm mng Linest nh sau: nh du khi vng

B19: D23, nhp cng thc =LINEST(A2 : A13, B2 : C13, True, True), n Ctrl + Shift +
Enter, kt qu ta c 12 s:

Nh vy phng trnh hi quy l

Y = 2.505729 X1 + 4.75869 X2 + 32.27726.

(2)

Hm TREND nhm tnh cc gi tr y theo hm c lng (1) vi cc b gi tr cho

trc (x1, x2, . . . , xn), cc b gi tr ny c th l cc quan st c hoc cc d bo mi. C
php hm:
= TREND( known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const )
trong know_y's l khi cha cha cc quan st ca bin y; known_x's l khi cha
cc quan st ca cc bin x1, x2, . . . , xn; bin const c gi tr logic (nhp True hoc
trng nu c tnh b, nhp False nu buc b=0). Tham s new_x's l khi cha cc gi tr
mi ca x1, x2, . . . , xn m ta cn tnh cc gi tr y tng ng theo (1); nu b trng tham
s ny th coi n chnh l know_x's.
Tr li v d 1, dng hm Trend tnh ct D (l cc gi tr y tnh theo (2) vi cc b gi
tr x1, x2, , xn tng ng trong khi B2 : C13). Thao tc tnh: nh du khi vng cha
kt qu ca hm l D2 : D13, nhp cng thc = Trend(a2:a13, b2:c13), n Ctrl + Shift +
Enter. So snh khi D2:D13 vi khi A2:A13 ta thy c s sai khc gia gi tr y
tnh theo hm (2) vi gi tr thc t quan st c.
Tip theo, cho cc b gi tr mi x1, x2 trong khi B15 : C17, cn d bo cc gi
tr y c tnh theo (2) trong khi D15 :
D17. Thao tc tnh: nh du khi vng
D15:D17, nhp cng thc = Trend(a2: a13,
b2: c13, b15: c17, True), n Ctrl + Shift +
Enter.
Lnh Tools / Data Analysis nhm
tnh cc tham s ca hm hi quy tuyn tnh bi (1) v cc thng k. Xt v d 1, gi s ta
nhp cc quan st ca cc bin y, x1, x2 trong khi A2: C13. Dng lnh Tools / Data
Analysis, hin hp thoi Data Analysis, chn mc Regression, nhy OK, hin hp thoi
Regression:

11

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

nhp khi cha cc quan st ca bin y vo mc Input Y Range, nhp khi cha cc gi
tr quan st ca bin x1, x2 vo mc Input X Range, la chn mc Output Range v nhp
a ch gc trn bn tri ca vng cha kt qu, nhy OK. Kt qu cho trong bng sau:

Trong bng trn H s xc nh r2 nm trong B28, sai s chun ho cho c lng

y nm trong B30, khi B37: B39 cha cc h s ng hi quy b, m1, m2. Khi C37:
C39 cha cc sai s chun ho ca b, m1, m2. Thng k F trong E33.

2.2. Hi quy tuyn tnh n

Hi quy tuyn tnh n l trng hp ring ca hi quy tuyn tnh bi (1) vi n=1:
y = mx + b
(3)
Do tt c cc hm v lnh trnh by vi hi quy tuyn tnh bi cng ng vi hi quy
tuyn tnh n. Song i vi hi quy tuyn tnh n c thm ba hm mi.
Hm Slope(known_y's, known_x's) c lng gi tr m ca phng trnh (3).
Hm Intercept(known_y's, known_x's) c lng gi tr b ca (3).
Hm Forecast( x, known_y's, known_x's ): d on y theo phng trnh (3) vi gi
tr x bit trc.
V d 2. Tnh hm hi quy ca y (sn lng nng nghip) ph thuc vo x (lng
phn bn).

Cng thc trong D2 l = Slope(a2:a6, b2:b6), cng thc trong E2 l

=Intercept(a2:a6, b2:b6), cng thc trong E5 l =Forecast(d5, a2:a6, b2:b6) d bo y
vi x = 1612.

2.3. Hi quy m
Phng trnh hi quy m l

y = b m1 x1 m2 x2 " mn xn
Nu ch c mt bin c lp phng trnh s l y = b m x .

12

(4)

PGS. TS. Bi Th Tm. Gii cc bi ton ti u v thng k trn Excel

Hm Logest dng c lng cc h s ca phng trnh (4), n lm vic ging

nh hm Linest (cc i s v mng kt qu hon ton ging). C php:
= LOGEST( known_y's, known_x's, const, stats ).
Hm Growth dng tnh cc gi tr y theo (4) vi cc b gi tr (x1, x2, , xn)
cho trc, lm vic hon ton ging hm Trend. C php:
= GROWTH( known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const ).

Bi tp
1. Cho Y l nhu cu tht b (n v 100 tn) ca 12 thng lin tip (X) trong mt khu
dn c:
X: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Y: 15, 18, 18, 16, 14, 18, 20, 21, 19, 20, 24, 26.
Hy c lng hm hi quy tuyn tnh n, d bo nhu cu tht b cho 3 thng tip theo.
p s : y = 0.793706 x + 13.92424.
2. Trong 10 thng lin tip lng hng bn ra ca mt cng ty rt thp, sau cng ty
tung ra th trng mt sn phm mi v nhn thy lng hng bn ra tng theo hm m. S
n v hng bn ra (Y) trong 6 thng tip theo (X) cho trong bng sau:

Hy c lng hm hi quy m v d bo lng hng bn ra trong cc thng 17, 18, 19, 20

(dng hm Growth). p s : y = 495.3048 1.463276 x .
3. Tnh hm hi quy tuyn tnh bi vi s liu cho trong bng di

trong Y l thu nhp quc dn, X1 l sn lng in, X2 l sn lng than, X3 l sn

lng lng thc, X4 l sn lng thp. Dng hai phng php: dng hm Linest v lnh
Tools / Data Analysis. D bo Y vi X = (5.2, 65.1, 275.3, 37.8). p s: d bo Y =
751.79289.

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