INTRODUCTION

Ground vibrations can be generated either by natural phenomena or by human activities among natural phenomena earthquakes(and the ocean waves) are the source of ground vibrations of most interest.inthe case of earthquakes the intensity of ground shaking may be high enough to heavy structural damages or even collapse of structures accompanied by the loss of lives. Here in geotechnical engineering normally we concentrate on earthquake and its effect on ground & soil structures. Ground vibrations generated by human activities are Called man-made vibrations and vary greatly in intensity depending on the particular source of vibration.

OBJECTIVE
For my work related project OF REMEDIAL METHOD & EFFECTIVENESS TO PREVENT CONSTRUCTION INDUCED VIBRATION my objectives are

1)analysis of construction induced vibration .in analysis we have to search for both mathematical & physical phenomena of construction induced vibration. 2)effect of construction induced vibration on the adjacent structures while doing the construction jobs like sheet pile driving, tight blasting etc. 3)last but not the list after analyzing the construction induced vibration & its effect we have look up for a new & brief idea and its implementation to reduce the harmful construction induced vibration on both man kind as well as adjacent structures

SOURCES OF VIBRATIONS
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Equipment or activities typical of continuous vibration include:

# excavation equipment, # static compaction equipment, # tracked vehicles,s # traffic on a highway, # vibratory pile drivers, # pile-extraction equipment, and # vibratory compaction equipment. Equipment or activities typical of single-impact (transient) or low-rate repeated impact vibration include: # impact pile drivers, # blasting,

Empirical Equations
Golitsin Equation
Golitsin (1912) suggested the following equation to calculate the amplitude reduction of Rayleigh waves, generated by an earthquake, between two points at distances r1 and r2 from the source as (1) Where A1 = amplitude of vibrations at a distance r1 from the source A2 = amplitude of vibrations at a distance r2 from the source = attenuation coefficient. The term (r1/r2)0.5 indicates the radiation or geometric damping and the term exp[(r2-r1)] indicates the material damping of wave attenuation between two points. Equation (1) has been originally derived to estimate the attenuation of

SCALED DISTANCE APPROACH