SUCCESSION

1
Professor Rubn F. BaIane
2
. Successional system under
Phil. Law partial reservation
. Kinds of Succession:
1) compulsory
2) testamentary
3) intestate
. Compulsory
1) legitime def. 886
2) legitime inviolate 904
3) no contract, agreement,
renunciation or compromise
on legitime or inheritance
905 & 1347, Par. 2.- Taedo
v. CA, 252 SCRA 80 [1996]
4) kinds of compulsory heirs:
primary / secondary /
concurring
5) Combinations:
1) Legitimate children alone:
of the estate divided
equally (Art. 888)
2) Legitimate children and
surviving spouse:
legitimate children -
of the estate;
surviving spouse - a
share equal to that of
one child (Art. 892, par. 2)
3) One legitimate child and
surviving spouse:
legitimate child of
the estate;
surviving spouse of
the estate (Art. 892,
par. 1)
4) Legitimate children and
illegitimate children:
legitimate children
of the estate;
illegitimate children
each will get of share
of one legitimate child
(Art. 176,Family Code)
5) Legitimate children,
illegitimate children, and
surviving spouse:
legitimate children
of the estate;
illegitimate children
each will get of share
of one legitimate child;
surviving spouse a
share equal to that of
one legitimate child.
The surviving spouse's
share is preferred over
those of the illegitimate
children which shall be
reduced if necessary.
(Art. 895)
6) One legitimate child,
illegitimate children, and
surviving spouse:
legitimate child of
the estate;
illegitimate children
each will get of share
of the legitimate child;
surviving spouse - of
the estate. The surviving
spouse's share is
preferred over those
of the illegitimate
children, which shall be
reduced if necessary.
(Art. 895)
7) Legitimate parents alone:
of the estate (Art. 889)
8) Legitimate parents and
illegitimate children:
legitimate parents
of the estate;
illegitimate children
of the estate (Art. 896)
9) Legitimate parents and
surviving spouse:
legitimate parents
of the estate;
surviving spouse of
the estate (Art. 893)
10) Legitimate parents,
illegitimate children, and
surviving spouse:
Legitimate parents
of the estate;
illegitimate children
of the estate;
surviving spouse 1/8
of the estate (Art. 899)
11) Surviving spouse alone:
of the estate, (or 1/3
f the marriage, being in
articulo mortis, falls
under Article 900, par. 2)
(Art. 900, par. 1)
12) Surviving spouse and
illegitimate children;
surviving spouse 1/3
of the estate;
illegitimate children
1/3 of the estate
(Art. 894)
13) Surviving spouse and
illegitimate parents:
surviving spouse of
the estate;
illegitimate parents
of the estate (Art. 903)
14) llegitimate children alone:
of the estate (Art. 901)
15) llegitimate parents alone:
of the estate (Art. 903)
6) basic legitime: exceptions
a) 894
b) 900, Par. 2
c) 903
7) legitimate children &
descendants(representation)
8) adopted children
8.a "SEC. 18. $uccession. n
legal and intestate succession,
the adopter(s) and the adoptee
shall have reciprocal rights of
succession without distinction
from legitimate filiation. However,
if the adoptee and his/her
biological parent(s) had left a
will, the law on testamentary
succession shall govern.
8.b no representation
%eotico v. DeI VaI,
13 SCRA 406 [1965];
Sayson v. CA, 205
SCRA 321 [1992]
8.c Can an adopted child
inherit ab intestato from
his biological parents
In Re Adoption of
Stephanie Garcia (454
SCRA 541 [2005]).
biter: Under Art. 189(3)
of FC & Sec. 18 of RA
8552, the adoptee remains
an intestate heir of the
biological parent.
9) surviving spouse when
concurring with legitimate
children
10)legitimate parents & ascendants
3 rules [Arts. 889-890]
a. The nearer exclude the more remote.
b. Division by line.
c. Equal division within the line.
11) illegitimate children 2:1
(Art. 176, FC)
11.a Representation Art.
902 (compare with
Art. 992)
12) preterition
12.a meaning of preterition
Seangio v. Reyes,
508 SCRA 177 [2006]
12.b who can be preterited
12.c Effect of preterition
Nuguid v. Nuguid,
17 SCRA 449 [1966]
Acain v. IAC, 155
SCRA 100 [1987]
12.d when preterition can
be determined
Only upon testator's
death
% Agro v.BaIasag,
453 SCRA 211
[2005]
13) reserva troncal
13.a Purpose
13.b Requisites
13.c Process
13.d Parties
13.d.1 Sibling as mediate
source
13.d.2 Should Origin and
Reservista belong to
different lines?
13.d.3. Should Reservatario be
related to mediate source?
13.e Nature
13.f Rights and
Obligations
13.g. Extinguishment
13.d How to detect a RT
a) s an ascendant
inheriting from a
descendant? (Be
particularly careful
if a minor or infant
dies).
b) s it by compulsory/
intestate succession?
c) Did the descendant
acquire it by gratuitous
title from another
ascendant or
brother/sister?
14) disinheritance & unworthiness:
grounds & effect
15) representation
V. Testamentary
1) can never impair legitime
2) two kinds of wills &
requirements (common &
special)
Cases:
NobIe v. Abaja, 450 SCRA
265 [2005] Attestation
clause need not state
compliance with language
requirement.
atias v. SaIud, L-10751,
6/23/58 / Payad v.%oIentino,
62:848 (thumbmark)
Garcia v. acuesta, 90:489 (cross)
Nera v. Rimando, 18:450
("in presence of)
Barut v. Cabacungan, (21:461)
what agent must write
Cagro v. Cagro, 92:1032;
reiterated in AzueIa v. CA, 487
SCRA 119 [2006] place of signing
of attestation clause
Ortega v. VaImonte, 478 SCRA
247 [2005] Discrepancy in date
of attested will & acknowledgment
date does not invalidate will.
Guerrero v. Bihis, 521 SCRA
394 [2007] notarization outside
place of notary's commission
Cruz v. ViIIasor, 54 SCRA 31[1973]
(one of witnesses as notary)
Garcia v. Vasquez, 32 SCRA 489
[1970] Art. 808 mandatory.
AIvarado v. GavioIa (226 SCRA
348 [1993]) liberal construction of
Art. 808
Caneda v. CA (222 SCRA 781
[1993]) proper application of
Art. 809
AzueIa v. CA, 487 SCRA 119
[1982] Failure of attestation
clause to state number of pages is
a fatal flaw.
abrador v. CA (184 SCRA 170
[1990]) Holographic will may be
dated anywhere
3) requirement of probate
2 kinds of probate (post
mortem & ante mortem)
1) Probate mandatory
(Guevara v. Guevara,
74:479; Seangio v.
Reyes, 508 SCRA 177
[2006], Heirs of asam
v. Umengan, 510 SCRA
496 [2006])
2) Probate conclusive as to
due execution or formal
validity:
i) that testator of sound
& disposing mind;
ii) that his consent was
not vitiated;
iii) that will signed with
required number of
witnesses;
iv) that will genuine.
GaIIanosa v. ArcangeI,
83 SCRA 675 [1978]
(reiterated in NufabIe v.
NufabIe, 309 SCRA 692
[1999]; Dorotheo v. CA,
320 SCRA 12 [1999])
3) rules for probate of holographic
will (Art. 811)
i) Gan v. Yap, 104:509;
RodeIas v. Aranza, 119
SCRA 16 [1982]
ii) Codoy v. CaIugay, 312
SCRA 333 [1999] /
AzaoIa v. Singson,109:10
[1960]
4) accretion 1015-1023 - requisites
accretion happens in
testamentary & intestate
succession
5) substitutions
PaIacios v. Ramirez, 111
SCRA 704 [1982]
PCIB v. EscoIin, 56 SCRA
266 [1974]
6) conditions, terms, modes
(disposicin captatoria,
caucin Muciana)
7) Revocations/Ways of Revoking
[Arts. 828-834]
V. ntestate
1) Four basic rules of intestacy
2) who are intestate heirs
2.a) Various combinations
[Arts. 979-1014]
3) representation in intestacy
2 instances
4) various kinds of children
(the 2-step process)
5) 992 the successional bar
Corpus v. Corpus, 85
SCRA 567 [1978]
Diaz v. IAC, 150 SCRA 645
[1987]; 182 SCRA 427[1990]
6) concurrence of surviving
spouse & 1 legitimate child
996
SantiIIon v. iranda, 14
SCRA 563 [1965]
7) concurrence of spouse &
brothers/sisters/nephews/
nieces
(Armas v. CaIisterio, 330
SCRA 201 [2000])
8) a) illegitimate brothers/
sisters anueI v.
Ferrer, 247 SCRA 476;
b) nephews/nieces
exclude uncles/aunts
Bacayo v. Borromeo,
145 SCRA 986.
c) Full- & half-blood siblings:
c.1 testamentary succession
equal (Art. 848)
c.2 intestate succession
2:1 (Art. 1006)
V. Capacity to Succeed: Arts
1024-1028/1032
V.Collation
Money claims should be filed
vs. estate. This is mandatory
(Union Bank v. Santibaez,
452 SCRA 228 [2005])
V.Acceptance & Repudiation:
Arts. 1041-1057
Definitions
1. will 783
2. holographic will 810
3. inheritance 776
4. substitution 857
5. caucin Muciana 3
instances: 879 / 882 /
885
6. accretion 1015
7. representation 970
8. legitime 886
9. codicil 825
10. devisee/legatee 782
11. heir 782
12. dependent relative revocation 832 / oIo v.
oIo, 90:37
"The rule is established that where the act of
destruction is connected with the making of
another will so as fairly to raise the inference
that the testator meant the revocation of the
old to depend upon the efficacy of the new
disposition intended to be substituted, the
revocation will be conditional and dependent
upon the efficacy of the new disposition; and if
for any reason, the new will intended to be
made as a substitute is inoperative, the
revocation fails and the original will remain in
full force. (Gardner, pp. 232, 233)
13. scriptura / disposicin
captatoria Art. 875
Enumerations
1) grounds for opposing
probate 839
2) grounds for disinheritance
919-921
3) ways of revoking a will - 830
4) grounds for unworthiness -
1032