tNmtZym-cw

apPo_v

hntam-N\ ka-ct
- m-Sp kao-]\w
""hntam-N-\ -k-acImev tIc-f-n Pam-As fpsS thmp-I ac-hn-n-pI hgn Iayq-Wn-p-Isf hnP-bnCkveman Fhn-sS-bm-Wp-m-bn-cp-Xv? ae-_m-dnse Htm n-p-I-bm-bn-cnpw Pam-As Ckvem-an-m sNp-ctm aqe-If
- n Hcp apdn-bn \nd-bm-\p Bfp-I Am- Xv. Ah B \ne-]m-Sn\npw amdp-n-s-n amt-Xv
ev Pam-As Ckvem-an-p-m-bn-cp-n-cn-mw. Ah- \psS IS-ab
- mWv'' (1959 \hw-_ 18\v CS-
- n-bn sNbvX
cmtWm hntam-N\ ka-cs FXnXv? FXn-Xn\v {]kw-Kw, N{nI 1959 \hw-_ 21).
FmWv sXfnhv? Imen-m-h
- knkIv sNbvXp F
- p
shdpw cv apdn-bn HXp-p kwL-S\-s-Xn-sc]d-bp--Xp-t]m-se-bp Hcp Xam-i-bmbn CXns\ Im bm-bn-cpp Cu PnlmZv {]Jym-]\w! AXp-sImv aXn-bmaXn. "Hcp Pa blq-Zn-bpsS a\-n apf hnj-s-Sn- msX Ime-L--nse Ghpw kap--X-\mb apPm-lnZv
bmb Iayq-Wn-ks' {]Xn-tcm-[n-m 1957'59 Ime-L-- ]n-X\pw apkvenw-eo-Kp-Im-c-\p-am-bn-cp sI.Fw auen tIc-f
- nse auZqZn injy-m aptm-p-hp FXv hnbpw Bdv apXn ]n-X-mcpw tNv Pam-A-nNcn{X hnZymYn-Isf kw_-n-t-S-tmfw Bth-i-I-c- s\-Xnsc ^Xvh Cd-n-bs- X-n-\m-bn-cpp? N{nI AXns
amb hkvXp-Xb
- m-Wv. Ah Cu hnNn-{Xm-hI
- m-ih
- m-Z
- ns tImf- C-tXv t]mse Apw Pam-A
- ns\ tXtPm\nP-nXn Is-p-sav {]Xym-inmw'' (tUm. Fw.sI h[w sNm DZm-c-ambn \on-sh-Xv Fn-\m-bn-cpp?
ap\o, N-{nI 2009 Pqsse 4). apPo_v Fp ]d-bpp? Xm P\n-pI t]mepw sNm-Xn-cp Imev Pam-AF.]n apl-Zv tImb im-]pcw ns in ap\o Fs\ a\-n-emn?
hntamN\ ka-c-Im-ev ae-_m-dn-se-hn-sStbm Hcp
ap\o-dns ]mn-tb-m i-ambn Iayq-Wn-ks
apdn-bn \nd-bm t]mepw Bfn-m-Xn-cp kwL-S-\bm-bn- sskm-n-Ia- mbpw Bi-bk
- a- c-
- n-eq-sSbpw FXn {]cpp Pam-As Ckvemansbn
m-\-amWv Pam-As Ckvem-an.
amIvknkw io{L-K-Xn-bn aptapkvenw-eo-Kns As P\-d
sk{I-dn sI.Fw koXn kmln_v
tUm. Fw.sI ap\o-dns ]mn- dsh AXv tamkvtIm-bnepw, apX-emhntam-N\ ka-c-ntem XpSv
\yq-tbmnepw A\m-Ya- m-hptb-m i-ambn Iayq-Wn- fnw
\S CS-me \nb-ak
- `m sXc-s Ime-L- s- -p-dnv {]h-Nn Nnks sskm-n-I-ambpw -I\
Sp-ntem ]s-Sp-m-Xn-cp Pam-A- mWv auZq-Zn. At-l
- ns hnBi- b - k - a - c - n- e q- s Sbpw aiI-\m-bn-cp au-em\m A_p
ns\ \nin-Xa- mbn hnain-p-Ibpw
FXn {]-m-\-amWv Pam- lk Aen \Zvhn "]mmXy NnPam-A
- ns \bw Xncp-n-p-sav
As Ckvem-an. amIvk
- n-kw bpw C-kvemapw Xnse kwL-`oj-Wn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXX
- v- Fn-\m-bn-cpp?
io{L-KX
- n-bn apt-dsh AXv \w' F Xs {]ikvX IrXn-bn,
""Cu k`- n PamtamkvtIm-bnepw, apX-em-fnw Pam-As Ckvem-an-bpsS Ghpw
As Ckveman FSp-n-cn-p
- b
- mbn AwKo-Ic- n-Xv
\yq- t bmnepw A\m- Y - a m- anI kw`m-h\
\ne-]mSv hfsc Zu`m-Ky-I-c-am-bnamIvkn-v, apX-em-fn Zi-\-hp Ime-L- s
- -p-dnv {]h- fn-te-p apkvenw bphm--fpsS
t]m- b n. ssZh- ns Bkv - X nNn Nn-I-\mWv auZq-Zn.
Ipsm-gpv XS-X
- m-W.v amIvknIys \ntj-[n-p \na-X-hm-ZnI-fmb Iayq-Wn-p-I sXc-s-Spk-n-s-Xs hIt`Z-amb tkmjyn\v \np-tm Ahsc ]cm-Pen-k
- ns ASn-d- b
- n \S-p
b-s-Sp-t Imcy-n {in-mBibkacw sImv eyw t\SmsX, Bpw thmv sNmsX X\m-hnspw Pam-Av kaYnp.
cm-bn-c
- n-sbmXv

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AtX-ka- bw {]Ya Iayq-Wnv kmdns {]mtbm-KnI ]cm-Pbw Xpd-p-Imm aSn--Xp-an-. A{]-Imcw hntam-N\-k-a-c-n\npw XpSv \S
sXc-s-Sp-n\npw hnp-\np-Ibm- b n- c pp Pam- A s Ckv e m- a n.
As kml-Nc- y-n asm aXkw-L-S-\-Ifpw hntam-N\ ka-c-tmsSmw \n-tm-gm-bn-cpp Pam-Ans Xzm-[n-jvTnX kao-]-\w.

auZq-Znsb
Xn-d- b
- Ww!
""Pam-As Ckvem-an-bpsS ASnm\w auZq-Zn-bpsS knm---fn
Dun-\npsImp--Xm-Wv. GsXnepw Pam-Av t\Xmhv auZq-Znsb
AwKo- I - c n- p- n- s v ]d- m
Xs hmp-I ]nh-en-m Xbmdm-Wv. AmsX auZq-Zn-bn hniz-knp-sImv X skIyp-e-dm-sWv
]d-bp--Xns\ AwKo-I-cn-m-\m-hn-''(Fw.sI ap\o, am[yaw Pqsse 13).
{]Xn-Ic- Ww?
kpss_ aW-sem-Sn,
InWmtcn
Hma-Xmbn tUm. ap\o Adntb- Xv Atlw knZv A_p
AAvem auZq-Zn-sbtbm Pam-As
Ckvem-an-sbtbm AwKo-Ic- n-t Hcmh-iyhpw {]m-\-n-\n-s--Xm-Wv.
skIyp-ed- n-k
- ns Imcy-n Atl-ns kn-^n-pw Pam-A
- n\p
th. XZzn-j-b-I-ambn Fs-nepw
t_Pmdv Pam-A
- n-\p-m-bn-cp-s-n
Ctm ap\odpw jmPnbpw t\cs
laoZpw Imc-t-cn-bp-sams ncw
hnai-\-n-\m-bp-[-am-p auZq-ZnbpsS IrXn-I ]p\x-{]-kn-o-I-cn-pXv Ft \nn-sh-p-am-bn-cp-p.
Ckvem-ans auenI {]am-W--fmb
Jp-B-s\bpw kp-n-s\bpw Jeo^-am-cpsS amXr-I-sbbpw ASn-m-\amn auZqZn Ah-X-cn-n Ckvemans cmjv{Sob hoWw auen-Ia- mbn
sXm-bn-cpp Fv Pam-Av hnizkn-pt C. Ckvem-ans\ Pohn-Xns km-nI kmaq-lnI
cmjv{Sob taJ-eI
- f
- n \nmsI ]pdwXn kzIm-cy-n HXp-m Hcp
Ckv e m- a nI {]m\w cwK- n- d t Imcy- a n- . Hcp skIyp- e
{]m-\-amWv Pam-Av Fv Hcp
Bbn-cn \m\qn apXv

Imepw Ah-Im-is- -npw C. atXX-cXzw temI-n\v \In-bXpw \Insm-n-cn-p-Xpw ISp [man-Im[x-]-X-\hpw aqey-Nyp-Xn-bp-am-sWv
Hmtcm \nan-jhpw sXfn-p-sIm-n-cnp-p. skIyp-e Cy-bpsS tImSXn
kzhK-cX
- nsb \nb-am-\p-kr-Xa- m-m
am{Xw AXv hj-fm-bn. hy`n-Nm-chpw
K`-On-{Zhpw K`-]m{X hmS-Ibpw t\cs-s \nb-am-\p-kr-X-am-Wv. ]enibpw NqXm-hpw ]t lem. tUm.
ap\o-dn\pw ]mn-pw- C-sXms thWsav tXmp-p-sh-n AX-h-cpsS
CjvSw. Ckvem-anI {]m-\-n\v
Ccw atX- X - c Xzw GXm- b mepw
th. Fm tv AhKobhpw
aX-\n-c-t]-hpw Bbn-cn--W-sa
AY-n-ep aX-\n-ct- ]-Xsb PamAv HcpImepw Xn-d-
- n-n-.
auZq-Zn-bpsS IrXn-I-fn ]cma-in-pXpw AtX-p-dn--.

ssewKnI hnZym-`ymkw

B[p-\nI kmaq-ln-I-imkv{X ]T-\- f n IpSpw- _ - - f nse ZmXy

XIv Imc-W-ambn ]d-b-s-Sp
{][m-\-s ]e Imc-W--fn Hv,
ssewKn-I-X-sb-p-dn-p Adn-hn-mbvatbm A_--[m-c-W-Itfm Imc-Wambn Dm-Ip ssewKn-I-Po-hn-Xnse \ncm-ibmWv. CXv kZm-Nm-c
- Ipw kv{Xo]p-cpj _--fn
hn-ep-m-p-X
- nepw h
- sc sImsn-p-p. Cu {]iv\w ]cn-lc- n-s- Sp-X
- n\v Cu hnj-bI
- a- mbn {]Nm-c
- nep ]pkvXI
-
- D]-tbm-Ks- -Sp-p-Xn\v (Nn-{X--tfmSp IqSn-bp--Xn\m) Ckvemw- F-{X-tmfw A\phmZw \Ipp? Cu hnj-b-I-ambn
hnhm-l-n\v app Iuk-enwKv
t]mep kwK-Xn-Isf Ckvem-anI
{]m\w Fs\ t\mn-m-Wpp?
\kow Xncp-h-\--]pcw
{]tbmP-\-I-c-amb ap hnm\-im-JI
- s- f-t]mse Pohn-X
- n-\m-hi
- yam-bXv Xs-bmWv ssewKnI hnm\- h pw. a\p- j y- k - a q- l - ns \ne\n]n\pw imnpw kvt\l-n\pw
Amlp kv{Xo-]p-cp-j-msc CW-Ifmbn krjvSn-p-sh-n Zm-Xy-PohnXw ]c- a m- h [n kp- j v S hpw
kv\nKvh
- p-am-n-om ssewKn-IX-sb-p-dn Adnhv Bh-iy-am-Wv.
iAv_m ]v

Iuam- c - { ]m- b - m A]- I - S - - f n

sNp NmSm-Xn-cn-m\pw ssewKnI
hnZym-`ymkw D]-I-cn-pw. PohnXw
Fm Bkzm- Z - \ w; Bkzm- Z \w
Fm skIv k v F a\pjy
\nanX `uXnI Zi-\--fpsS ImgvNm- S n- t \mSv ssZhnI kmK- a mb
Ckvem-an\v tbmPn-n-. hnhm-ls
]c-am-h[n t{]mm-ln-n-p-Ibpw DZmc-am-p-Ibpw sNbvX Ckvemw, hnhmtl- X c _- - s fbpw ssewKnI
sshIr-X--sfbpw Ii-\-ambn hnen. ap Imc- W - - f m hnhmlw
km[y-am-hmsX hcp bphm- {hXa-\p-jvTnv kZm-Nmc Nn hf-Wsa-mWv \_n(-k)-bpsS D]-tZ-iw.
t{^mbnUn- b
a\x- i mkv { Xw
skIvkn\v \Ip Du BXyn- I - a m- W v . XZ- S n- m- \ - n- e p
ssewKnI hnZym-`ym-khpw Btcm-Ky-Ic-am-hn-. Fm icn-bmb ssewKnI
t_m[-h-XvI-cWw hnhm-l-nX-cm-hm
Dt-in-p bphXo bphm-v
Iuk-enw-Kn-eqsS \Ip-Xv {]tbmP-\I
- c- a- m-hpw. apkvenw bph-P\ kwLS- \ - I fpw alv `c- W - k - a n- X n- I fpw
AXn\v ncw kwhn-[m-\-ap-m-pXv KpW-I-c-am-hpw. Fmw ASn
A\p-Ic- n-t-tXm ASn Xnc-kvIc- nt-tXm Asv Npcp-w.

{]kmZw
R Htc m]-\-n tPmen
sNp-h
- c- m-W.v XoYm-S\
-
- n\p tijap {]kmZw sImSp--tm kzoIcn-m apkvenw kplr-p- Dv.
Ah ]d- b p- Xv , \nv
]pWybm{X sNmw sNm-Xn-cn-mw.
hn{K- l - n\v {]Xn- j v T n- - s - Xv
Rv D]-tbm-Kn-p-Iq-sS-m-Wv.
CtX kplr-p- \Ip a[p-c]-elm-c
- fpw lmPn-am sImp-hp
\Ip kwkw Pehpw Imc-bpw
kvt\lm-\p-`q-Xn-tbmsS R Ignm-dp-ap-v. Fn ta kqNn-n
kplr-p--fpsS hmZ-hp-ambn JpBtm {]hm- N - I - h - N - \ - tm
_-aptm?
[\y{io lcn-Zmkv
]n--c, ImktImSv
IWni-amb GI-ssZ-hX
- z-nepw
hn{K-l\
- n-cm-k
- nepw A[n-jTv n-Xa- mWv
Ckvemw. AXn-\m _lp-ssZh hnizm-

k-n-tetm hn{K-lm-cm-[\
- b
- n-tetm \bn-p-Xpw Acw
hnizm-km-Nm-c
- f
- p-ambn _-s-X
- p-amb Fm-n-s\bpw hPn-Ws- amWv hnizm-kn-It- fm-Sp Jp-Bs I]-\. Amlp
Am--hv thn _en-bn--s hkvXp- \njn-am-sWv hy-am-s- ]m-ew AXm-W.v AXp-sIm-mWv
apkvenw-I ap aX--cpsS hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-]-c-amb D]-lm-csf \n-]qhw \nc-kn-p--Xv. Fm ap aX-v
hninjym lnp-v I-i-amb GI-ssZ-hXz k]tam
hn{Klm-cm-[\
- t- bmSv hnc-ntbm C. AXn-\m GXp aX]m-e-ap D]-lm-c-fpw Ahv hPy-a-sv hcmw. Ckvemanem-Is Ccw \nth-Zy- C-Xm\pw. _en-ar-K-amwkw
t]mepw kplr-p-pw ]mh-p-sa-m-ambn hnX-cWw
sNm-\mWv Am-lp-hns I]-\. AXv Ipcp-Xntbm \nthZytam A. lmPn-am sImp-hc- p kwkw Petam Imc-tbm
]e-lm-c-tfm Hpw ]qPy hkvXp-f-, shdpw kvt\tlm-]lm-c- am{X-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse HmWw hn`-h- apkvenwIfpw kzoI-cn-m-dp--tm.

inv
Rm apPm-lnZv {]h-I\
- m-Wv. apkvenw eoKntem tIm{Kkntem {]hn-m inv kw`-hn-ptam? kw`-hn-p-san ta ]d ]mn- I - f n inv Ie- c m- s X- b p
{]h\w Fs\ km[y-amhpw?
sI.]n djoZv awKew
apPmlnZv kwL-S\-I cmjv{Sob {]h-\-sf
Fs\ ImWp-p, Xulo-Zns ImgvN-mSv Cm-cy-n
FmWv Fv hni-Zo-Ic- n-t-Xv Ah-bpsS t\Xm-fpw ]nX-m-cp-am-Wv. Amlp Am--h-cpsS ]c-am-[n-Imcw AwKo-Icn-v, \ncp]m-[n-I-amb \nb-a-\nam-Wm-[n-Imcw hnizm-k-]-c-ambn-s krjvSn-Iv hI-sh-p-sIm-Sp-p cmjv{Sob
{]h-\-amWv Hcm \S-p--sX-n AXv inm-sWt
Pam-As Ckvem-anv A`n-{]m-b-ap-q.

cm-bn-c
- n-sbmXv

BKv Hv