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Διπλωματική Εργασία Κείμενο Compass Authoring Tool
Διπλωματική Εργασία Κείμενο Compass Authoring Tool
: ,
2007
: ,
2007
. ,
.
. ,
COMPASS. COMPASS
. ,
.
Visual Basic .Net XML
.
: .
: , , , ,
.
ABSTRACT
The subject of this dissertation is to create a concept mapping activities authoring tool.
Concept Maps are graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge. In
addition, they have been used as a didactic approach and educational strategy that
improve the meaningful learning of students. The aim of the system is threesome.
Firstly, the user of the system can create activities on subject matters that the students
can work out in COMPASS educational tool. Secondly, educators can watch the
educative progress of students and finally, the administrator of the system can define
the activity evaluation framework. The authoring tool is developed in Visual Basic Net
2002 and uses the XML language for the representation of the concept maps.
7
7
1 ......................................................................................................... 10
..................................... 10
1.1 .................................................................................................................... 10
1.2 ............................................. 11
1.2.1
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
........................................... 14
........................................... 17
................................................................ 20
.................................. 21
............................... 22
1.5 ....................................................................................................................... 23
2 ......................................................................................................... 25
COMPASS .............. 25
2.1 .................................................................................................................... 25
2.2 COMPASS ............................................................................... 27
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
27
........................... 32
/ ................................ 35
2.3 ....................................................................................................................... 36
3 ......................................................................................................... 38
COMPASS .......................... 38
3.1 .................................................................................................................... 38
3.2 ............................................................................................................. 39
3.3
.................................................................................................................... 42
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
................................................................... 44
...................................................... 46
.................................... 47
48
3.4 .................................................... 49
3.5 ................................................................................................. 49
3.6 XML ............................................................................................ 49
3.7 ....................................................................... 57
3.8 .................................................................................................... 57
3.9 ....................................................................................................................... 59
..................................................................................................... 60
.1 .................................................................... 60
.2 ........................................................ 62
.2.1
.2.2.
.3
(Menu ) ........................................................... 66
....................................................................................... 66
.............................................................................................................. 66
............................................................................................................................ 66
............................................................................................. 67
................................................................................................................... 67
............................................................................................................................ 67
............................................................................................................ 68
.
4
............................................................................................................................ 68
...................................................................................................... 69
............................................................................................................................ 69
........................................................................... 71
............................................................................................................................ 71
................................................................... 73
............................................................................................................................ 73
................................................................................. 74
............................................................................................................................ 74
> & ............................ 76
............................................................................................................................ 76
> ........................................................................ 80
> > ................................. 80
............................................................................................................................ 80
> > ................................. 82
............................................................................................................................ 82
.......................................................................................................... 84
............................................................................................................................ 84
/ ................................................................................ 85
............................................................................................................................ 85
........................................................................ 86
................................................................ 86
................................................................. 86
....................................................................... 86
............................................................................................... 86
.................................................................................................... 87
..................................................................................... 87
............................................................................. 88
...................................................................... 88
.................................................................................................. 88
/ .......................................................... 89
............................................................................................................................ 89
/ > ......... 90
............................................................................................................................ 90
/ > ..... 91
............................................................................................................................ 92
/ >
/ ................................................................................................. 93
............................................................................................................................ 93
/ >
............................................................................................................................................. 94
............................................................................................................................ 94
........................................................... 96
............................................................................................................................ 96
> ................. 97
............................................................................................................................ 97
> ........................... 98
> - Log .................. 100
.......................................................................................................................... 100
> ......................... 102
.......................................................................................................................... 102
.
, 2007
, .
.
,
,
.
.
.
,
(brainstorming)
(concept mapping).
.
.
,
, Compass.
:
1,
. , 1.1 .
1.2
. 1.3
1.4
.
2,
COMPASS. , 2.1
.
3
. 3.1 . 3.2
. 3.3,
.
. 3.6
XML, .
3.7
.
, :
(server),
.
1.1
,
,
.
(Novak & Gowin, 1984; McAleese, 1998; Fisher et al.,
2000).
(concept mapping)
(Novak & Gowin, 1984; Novak, 1998; Mintzes et al., 2000; Jonassen
et al., 1997) .
(concept map)
(meaningful learning) (Ausubel et al., 1978).
.
,
.
J. Novak (Novak & Gowin, 1984; Novak,
1998)
Ausubel (Ausubel et al., 1978). , Novak
Ausubel,
,
.
.
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10
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.
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learning). ,
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(Caas et al., 2003).
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.
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,
, (, 2001).
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.
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Gowin, 1984). (
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.
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. (
).
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. -- (propositions).
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.
1.,
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,
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1:
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.
12
structure) ( ),
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)
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).
, (cross-links)
. ,
, ,
/
.
.
, (focus
question) (Caas et al., 2003).
- .
/
13
. 2
2:
Joseph Novak The Theory Underlying Concept
Maps and How to Construct Them
3 (
1) .
1.2.1
:
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.
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14
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4
Novak (Novak & Gowin, 1984).
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.
.
16
1.3
Wandersee (1990),
terra incognita terra cognita.
, ,
...
.
Novak
(Learning how to learn, Novak & Gowin, 1984).
(Jonassen et al., 1997)
,
.
17
.
(Wandersee, 1990)
,
, ,
(, 2002).
, .
,
(Novak, 1998): (i)
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, (Gouli et al., 2003a; Gouli et al., 2003b) / (iii)
(Mintzes et al., 2000)
.
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(Gouli et al., 2003b; ..,
2003). . ,
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.
(meaningful learning),
18
/
.
, ,
(
)
(, 2001), .
(, 2001; Gouli et al., 2003a).
(Novak, 1981). Heinze-Fly & Novak (1990)
5 ,
. Roth & Roychoudhury (1992)
Hsiao-tseng Keng (1999).
.
,
(i) , (ii)
, / (iii)
(discovery learning). ,
. ,
.
19
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
1.4
.
.
: () , ()
(mind mapping tools) (Buzan & Buzan, 1996), ()
(semantic networking tools) (Fisher, 2000), () (decision making
tools group organizers), () (knowledge or
memory management tools) ()
(visualization or browsing tools).
()
, , , ()
, () .
.
,
Post-It .
, Visio, SmartDraw
.
20
Microsoft Word
. , ,
.
.
1.4.1
Inspiration (http://
www.inspiration.com/home.cfm):
Inspiration
.
.
/smartideas/index.asp
):
-
,
,
(outline views)
.
LifeMap (http://www.robertabrams.net/conceptmap/lifemaphome.html):
21
1.4.2
. ,
Webster
. ,
. Webster
, -
-
(outline format) .
.
HTML
. ,
http://cmap.coginst.uwf.edu.
Concept Connector (
) Michigan State University.
,
22
.
Novak & Gowin (1984). ,
.
.
,
(expert map)
.
1.5
,
. Novak Ausubel
( ),
.
23
. Wandersee
,
,
.
.
. .
.
,
. -
(propositions).
. ,
.
.
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,
.
24
2
COMPASS
2.1
,
, ,
( , , )
- ( 2001).
,
/ .
, , /
,
(Jonassen, 2004).
(Novak & Gowin 1984).
, &
COMPASS (COncept MaP
ASSessment & learning environment) (Gouli et al., 2004a; Gouli et al., 2004b ; Gouli et
al., 2006; & , 2006).
/
(i)
, (ii)
.
25
, ,
/, (iii)
(
), (iv)
,
/
, (v) /
.
(i)
, (ii)
, (iii)
/
, .
COMPASS (http://hermes.di.uoa.gr/compass)
(Gouli et al. 2004b).
COMPASS ,
COMPASS
. ,
COMPASS: ()
()
, ()
, () ,
,
.
26
5: COMPASS.
.
5 COMPASS.
.
. ,
,
(
) .
.
2.2 COMPASS
2.2.1
27
.
,
,
, ,
,
,
.
, COMPASS
,
, .
COMPASS,
,
.
COMPASS
,
.
:
, , ,
, , , . (ii)
(Application level): .
(iii) (Checking and Critiquing level):
. (iv) (Creation level):
,
.
(i)
,
,
28
/
,
(ii)
//
, /
, ,
(iii)
,
(i)
(ii)
,
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(iii)
(..
,
),
(iv)
,
/ ,
(v)
.. .
COMPASS /
/ (RuizPrimo & Shavelson 1996) /
(..
/
).
,
,
.
29
(Brainstorming) ...
.
.
,
COMPASS (.. ).
6
.
6:
,
,
( PECASSE (http://hermes.di.uoa.gr:8080/pecasse)),
COMPASS.
.
30
, COMPASS
(.. ).
. /
/
. /
( 13 ) (Gouli et
al., 2005).
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),
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(
Goldsmith et al. (1991)).
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, 2.2,
( 52/100)
,
, ,
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2.2.2
,
, /
. COMPASS,
,
.
,
/ ,
/
/ /
. /
/ /
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COMPASS, /
.
32
/ . ,
,
, (explanatory level)
(exploratory level),
( , ,
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7,
Byte .
7: Byte.
COMPASS
/
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.
.
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33
, (i)
,
(ii)
/
, /
/ ,
(iii) ,
(Gouli et al., 2006).
,
.
,
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,
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8:
.
34
() (Adaptive Feedback Framework, AFF)
(Gouli et al., 2005).
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)
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(Gouli et al. 2006).
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/
,
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,
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(adaptive feedback) (
) (adaptable feedback) (
.
35
/ ).
COMPASS,
. / ,
( )
COMPASS.
.
,
( ),
(
), .
2.3
COMPASS
.
COMPASS
.
COMPASS ,
.
,
.
. COMPASS ,
/
.
36
.
.
,
,
,
,
.
37
3
COMPASS
3.1
.
.
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
38
3.2
(modules) .
(3 tier architecture),
9.
9: 3 .
3 - (tiers).
.
components.
:
Data Tier
.
.
Business Tier .
.
.
Presentation Tier .
(user interface) x thin clients rich clients. thin clients
, HTML
browser. rich clients
, 32-bit Windows.
, ActiveX components
DHTML .
3 :
Data Tier
Compass. H
Microsoft SQL Server. ,
Compass.
, ,
Compass,
Compass
.
.
Business Tier .
. ADO.NET
. , .
. To ADO.NET
.
10:
3.3
.
. ,
.
.
:
1. .
. ,
2. .
.
3. .
.
,
.
.
.
11:
3.3.1
.
.
.
, ,
(,,,),
(
) .
( )
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
, .
. ,
.
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. ,
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
, .
.
Compass.
Compass, .
3.3.2
Compass .
.
Compass .
:
1.
.
,
, ,
,
.
2.
.
3. ,
.
.
4.
3.3.3
.
Compass
.
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
. ,
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
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3.3.4
.
: , /, .
.
,
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/.
Compass.
Compass,
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/,
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. (forum)
. ,
,
. , ,
.
3.4
3.5
.
, ,
.
.
(.. , )
.
3.6
XML
,
,
XML. XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
, HTML (HyperText
Markup Language), .
(parser),
,
. , XML (XML
Schema). XML,
.
SM+[subject_matter_index] /
compass/activity+[Activity_index]/activity_[activity_index]_[sub_activity_index].xml.
, ,
xml.
3.2 XML .
/ .
.
, ,
, .
<COMPASS version="1">
<NODESET>
<NODE nodeID="">
<NODE_LOCATION x="" y="" visible=""/>
<NODE_LABEL
label=""
shape=""
backColor=""
textColor=""
fontSize=""
fromID=""
toID=""
label=""
type=""
length=""
visible=""
color=""
12: XML
COMPASS:
XML
o
version: ,
1.
NODESET:
NODE
o
nodeID:
.
NODE_LOCATION
x:
.
o
y:
.
visible:
( true)
(
false).
..
NODE_LABEL
o
label: .
.
o
shape:
.
(1, 2 3)
,
.
o
backColor:
.
, UTF8 8CC3C6.
textColor:
.
000000.
.
UTF8
fontSize:
.
14.
display_label:
.
true
, false
.
( )
.
o
parent: nodeID
.
o
example:
. true
false .
code:
.
.
category:
.
.
C, F,
U
R.
weight:
.
level:
.
0
.
.
EDGESET
EDGE
o
fromID: (
) .
toID:
.
label: .
.
type: .
(type=1)
(type=2).
length:
.
.
visible: true
false .
color: .
: ,
.
,
.
display_label:
. true
,
false .
.
o
typeEdge: S
simple C
crosslink. cross-link
.
altname1:
,
.
altname2:
,
.
weight:
.
SET_OF_CONCEPTS
CONCEPT
o
code:
.
.
label: .
category:
. .
C,
F,
U
R.
weight:
.
level:
.
0 ,
.
o
visible:
( true)
(
false).
.
SET_OF_RELATIONSHIPS
RELATION
o
name: .
.
altname1:
,
.
altname2:
,
.
weight:
.
visible: true
false . ).
SET_OF_PROPOSITIONS
PROPOSITION: /
.
o
concept1_name:
.
relationship:
.
concept2_name:
.
weight:
.
.
type: S
simple C
cross-link.
SET_OF_SERIES_PROPOSITIONS
SERIES_PROPOSITION:
.
o
concept_name1:
.
relationship1:
.
o
concept_name2:
.
relationship2:
.
concept_name3:
.
...(
)
3.7
VB.NET
3.8
(undo)
(redo).
(history).
.
.
, (
)
.
(
Visio,
Rational
).
Rose
3.9
COMPASS
.
.. XML
.
(client/server),
.
.
.1
Windows.
.
1.
Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1. To
.Net. Windows XP .
Windows
Microsoft1.
2.
.
CAT_setup.cab .
.
, ,
CAT_setup.cab .
13: (setup.exe)
3. :
i.
1
CAT.exe ( CAT
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=262D25E3-F589-4842-8157034D1E7CF3A3&displaylang=en
database.ini.
:
// SQL Server
sql password =
// SQL Server
// SMTP Server
mail password =
// SMTP Server
ftp username =
// FTP Server
ftp password =
// FTP Server
//
acivity_map = \mapsdb\mapsdb\mapsdb\ //
feedback_map
\mapsdb\mapsdb\mapsdb\
//
XML
activity_material = \mapsdb\mapsdb\mapsdb\ //
logs directory = \mapsdb\mapsdb\mapsdb\logs\
log
user maps directory = \mapsdb\mapsdb\mapsdb\
.
.
.
.
4. cat.exe
bin.
.
61
5. ,
SCALE.
.2
.2.1
FTP Server
>
> Windows.
Internet Information Server.
FTP SMTP
2.
.
> > inetmgr
2. Internet Information Services,
14:
62
3. (+) :
Web
FTP
SMTP
4. FTP
: FTP
tab
xml .
: ,
.
C:\inetbup\ftproot
63
5. .
ftp:\\localhost ( ip ) Username =
anonymous password .
FTP .
HTTP GET
. IIS Server
.
.2.2. HTTP:
1. Web
2. >
ftp.
3.
: ftp
64
16: ftp
4. ,
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65
.3
(Menu )
17.
17: (login)
.
.
( Users). ,
.
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66
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,
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67
19: ""
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68
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69
.
Compass.
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.
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.
70
21:
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question),
.
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71
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),
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.
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).
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72
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73
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1.
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3. .
.
.
. ;
.
75
> &
.
( ).
.
()
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.
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(drag and drop)
.
tab
. , +
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. , + '
.
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.
tab
(.. , ,...)
.
76
( - ).
.
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. ( Central, Basic, Usefull,
Related)
77
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Order
6. (reason)
7. (typeEdge)
,
, , Group
.
25:
78
79
>
.
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.
> >
:
.
.
,
.
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.
80
.
,
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,
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.
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XML
.
81
> >
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.
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.
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82
XML.
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.
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83
.
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84
/
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.
85
. XML
.
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.
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.
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86
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grid ,
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.
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.
87
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88
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/
89
/ >
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(, / , )
.
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.
90
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91
(forum).
.
(
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,
.
92
/ >
/
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.
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:
.
/
,
93
. ,
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.
Compass.
94
.
.
Compass.
95
:
- Log
,
.
,
.
,
96
>
38 .
.
,
.
97
>
39
.
.
,
.
.
.
(
).
.
98
99
> - Log
Compass,
. 41.
.
,
.
.
.
(
).
100
101
>
.
.
43 " "
.
.
, Email.
mail .
102
> ..
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
103
(manual)
45 : "..."
104
&
105
SCALE
COMPASS.
COMPASS,
,
SCALE
.
,
.
COMPASS
, ,
, .
Author_Activities ( Activities)
- Activity_index: .
1.
-
Subject_matter_index:
(..
(1=,
2=
, 3= )
Subject_Matter.
Subject_Matter .
.
- Title: ,
.
- Activity_type: (1= ,
2= ),
.
- Outcomes_level:
(1=comprehension, 2=application, 3=checking,
4=creation,
.
5=activation,
6=discussion
etc
106
..
1256
).
- Difficulty_level: (
1 5). 1 5.
- Automatic_assessment:
(0: , 1:
, 2:
).
- Activity_maintext:
( , ).
- File_name: (path
SM+ [Subject_matter_index]
/activity+Activity_index)
..
.
directory upload (
\webapps
\compass\mapsdb\SM[index]\compass\author\activity\activity_m
aterial)
- Activity_weight:
. ( 0-100)
- Proposed_flag:
by default . (i) 1
(pre-test)
, (ii) 2
(final-test), (iii) 3
,
(iv) , by
default.
( 1), ( 2),
( 3),
( )
.
107
Didactical-Approach:
(
) 2,
.
Author_Activity_User
Author_Activity_User,
Author_Activities Activities. :
- Activity_index: Activities
- User_index:
- Date_creation:
- Confirmed: ( 0,1)
- Date_confirmed:
- Activity_index_confirmed: .
Author_Activities Activities.
Author_Activities,
.
Author_Activities.
- Date_visible:
.
- Visible: ( 0,1)
.
3
.
0, 0, Null, 0
( )
mapsdb xml
mapsdb\SMXX\compass\author,
,
.
108
mapsdb\SMXX\compass.
Author_Concept_Activities
( ) Concepts
,
Initial_order. :
- Concept_index: .
.
-
Activity_index:
.
- Initial_order:
.
.
Author_Sub_Activities
. Compass
.
:
- Sub_activity_index:
1
- Activity_index: .
Author_Activities.
-
Sub_activity_outcomes:
109
( 1 5) -
-
Automatic_assessment:
(0:
, 1: , 2:
).
.
-
Sub_activity_weight:
). 100.
.
-
Sub_activity_maintext:
.
- Sub_activity_type: (..
1= , 3=, 4=Free response .).
4. .
- Ind_coll: .
1 2
.
.
- Sub_activity_order:
1 (
COMPASS). .
- Educational_tool_used:
.
COMPASS). .
Author_Sub_Activities_Compass
COMPASS.
.
110
Author_Sub_Activities
Author_Sub_Activities
.
:
- Sub_activity_index:
- Type_of_conmap: flag
.
, 1= construction task, 2=
evaluation task, 3= extension task, 4= completion task
5=completion and evaluation task, 6=extension and evaluation
task, 7=extension and completion task, ..
.
( 1), ( 2), ( 3),
( 4), & ( 5),
& ( 6), & (
7), - ( 8).
- Type_of_conmap_task: flag 1=
, 2= , 3=
, 4= , 5=
+, 6= +
.
. 1
( 1),
( 3), & (
5). 2
( 2), ( 4),
& ( 6).
.
- Display_flag:
(
1) ( 0).
.
111
- Expert_map: 1
expert .
. 1
.
- Lists_available: 1
, 2=
12= , 0=
.
-
Central_concept:
.
- Expert_map_compare: 1
expert
.
.
,
,
.
/
.
- Display_similarity_index: 1
.
Compass, .
- Type_of_feedback:
. 0
-,
2
- .
-,
, - &
0, 1, 2
.
Display_edu_material:
112
( 1) ( 0).
-
Analysis_feedback_preferences:
0=
1= . type_of_feedback
0 2,
( 0)
( 1)
-
Analysis_interactive_behaviour:
=1
=0 ( ).
type_of_feedback 0 2.
- Fc2_preferences: ,
0)
& ( 1).
type_of_feedback 1 2 ( ).
- Fc3_preferences:
( 0)
( 1)
- Competence_preferences:
:
( 0), ( 1)
& ( 2)
( 3).
type_of_feedback 1 2
( ).
Author_Outcomes_Description
.
:
113
- Activity_index: (
Activities).
- Sub_activity_index:
( Sub_Activities)
-
Outcome_description:
.
Author_Group_User_Activity_Notes
.
:
- Notes_index: .
1.
- Notes_type_index: (
Notes_Type).
Notes_type.
- Group_index: . null
- User_index: (
Users).
/.
-
Subject_matter_index:
( Subject_Matter).
. .
- Activity_index: (
Activities).
. .
- Notes_date:
- Notes_time:
- Notes_subject:
- Notes:
- Public_group:
.
.
114
0
- Public_activity_notes:
Activity_Notes).
1,
.
- Connect_notes_index:
( Notes_index). null
Author_Activity_Notes
Author_Group_User_Activity_Notes,
Author_Activity_Notes
.
:
- Original_notes_index:
Group_User_Activity_Notes
Notes_index Group_User_Activity_Notes
Errors_on_maps
Proposition_type, Knowledge_category &
Weight. :
- Error_index: ( ).
- Error_code:
- Error_description:
- Proposition_type: proposition
Relationship=
InAccurate-Relationship=
InComplete-
InComplete-Concept=
115
Concept=
InAccurate-Superfluous-
Relationship = , , Missing-Proposition=
, Complete-Accurate= , Non
Recognizable-Concept=
Non-
Recognizable-Relationship= .
Knowledge_category:
Incomplete understanding/belief (InUB) False
Belief (FB).
- Weight:
Author_Sub_Activity_Errors_Maps
/
Errors_On_Maps
Proposition_type, Knowledge_category & Weight.
,
.
:
- Sub_activity_index:
( Sub_Activities).
- Error_index: (
Errors_On_Maps).
.
- Proposition_type: proposition
Relationship=
InAccurate-Relationship=
InComplete-
InComplete-Concept=
116
Relationship
Missing-
Proposition= , Complete-Accurate=
, Non-Recognizable-Concept= ,
Non-Recognizable-Relationship= .
- Knowledge_category:
Incomplete understanding/belief (InUB) False
Belief (FB).
- Weight:
:
,
.
Compass.
, /
xml mapsdb (
author).
.
.
Author_Activities Activities
,
Author_Concept_Activities Concept_Activities
Activities
Author_SubActivities Sub_Activities -
Activities ()
117
Author_SubActivities_Compass
Sub_Activities_Compass -
Sub_Activities
Author_Outcomes_description Outcomes_Description
-
/
Activities Sub_Activities
Author_Group_User_Activity_notes
Author_SubActivity_Errors_Maps
Sub_Activities_Errors_Map -
Sub_Activities
, Author_Activity_User
),
Confirmed=1,
Activity_index_confirmed
(o
Date_Confirmed
),
Visible=1
Date_visible
.
, xml
upload
mapsdb.
xml
,
/
.
118
Author..
.
119
1: ............................................................................. 12
2:
JOSEPH NOVAK THE THEORY UNDERLYING CONCEPT MAPS AND HOW TO CONSTRUCT THEM
................................................................................................................................................................... 14
3: .................................. 15
4: NOVAK & GOWIN (1984) ........................................ 17
5: COMPASS.
. ..................................................... 27
6: ................................................................ 30
7: BYTE. ................................. 33
8:
. .............................................................................................. 34
9: 3 . ................................................................ 39
11:
.............................................................................................................. 43
13: (SETUP.EXE) ......................................... 60
14: (IIS ADMINISTRATION) .......................................................... 63
15: FTP SERVER ................................................................................................................ 64
16: FTP .................................................................................................................................... 65
17: (LOGIN) ................................................................................................................ 66
18: "" .............................................................................................................................. 67
19: "" ...................................................................................................................... 68
20: " " ........................................................................................... 69
21: " " .................................................................................... 71
22: " " ...................................................................... 73
23: " " ............................................................................................ 74
24: " - " ................................................... 77
25: ................................................................................................. 78
26: " - " .................................................... 80
27: " - - "................ 82
28: " " ......................................................................................... 84
29: "/ " .............................................................................................. 85
30: " " ........................................................................................................ 87
31: " " ............................................................................................................ 87
32: " " .......................................................................................................... 89
33: " " ............................................................................................... 90
34: "/ "................................................................. 92
35: " /"............................................. 93
36: " " .................................................................................. 94
37: " " .................................................................. 96
38: " " ........................................................................................................ 97
39: " " .......................................................................... 98
40: " " ........................................................................................ 99
41: " " ...................................................................................... 100
42: " " ......................................................................................... 101
43 " " ...................................................................................................... 102
44: " " .................................. 103
45 : "..." ............................................................................................................................... 104
120
adaptable feedback .......................................................................................................................................... 37
adaptive feedback ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Adaptive Feedback Framework .................................................................................................................... 37
Application level .............................................................................................................................................. 30
Brainstorming .................................................................................................................................................. 32
browsing tools.................................................................................................................................................. 22
central concept ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Comprehension level ...................................................................................................................................... 30
concept map ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
concept mapping ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Creation level ................................................................................................................................................... 30
Critiquing level ................................................................................................................................................. 30
cross-links ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
decision making tools ..................................................................................................................................... 22
discovery learning ............................................................................................................................................ 21
expert map ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
explanatory level .............................................................................................................................................. 35
focus question .................................................................................................................................................. 15
group organizers .............................................................................................................................................. 22
hierarchical structure ....................................................................................................................................... 15
integrative reconciliation ................................................................................................................................ 15
knowledge or memory management tools................................................................................................... 22
meaningful learning ................................................................................................................................... 12, 13
metacognitive tool ........................................................................................................................................... 13
mind mapping tools ........................................................................................................................................ 22
progressive differentiation ............................................................................................................................. 15
propositions ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
rote learning ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
semantic networking tools ............................................................................................................................. 22
visualization ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
121
[1] Ausubel D., Novak J., & Hanesian H. Educational Psychology: A cognitive view.
sharing toolkit. Technical Report IHMC CmapTools 93-01, Institute for Human and
Machine Cognition, 2003.
[4] Chung, G., Baker, E., & Cheak, A. (2002). Knowledge Mapper Authoring System
122
Tools, . , . , . , . (.),
4
, ,2004, p. 3-17
[20] McAleese R. The Knowledge Arena as an Extension to the Concept Map: Reflection
123
concept map as conscription device and tool for social thinking in high school
science. Science Education, 76 (5), 1992, pp. 531-557.
[26] Ruiz-Primo M. & Shavelson R., Problems and issues in the use of concept maps in
. , 2001.
[29] . .
,
, 2004.
[31] , . , 6
:
(), , 2006, 131-138.
[32] , ., , ., , ., , .
+ SCALE. 4
, 2004, , pp. 525-534.
[33] ., . ,
, Gutenberg, 2001,
124