BO GIAO DUC AO TAO TRNG AI HOC THUY SAN

BAO CAO TONG KET D AN SAN XUAT TH NGHIEM CAP BO SAN XUAT CHITIN- CHITOZAN T PHE LIEU CHE BIEN THUY SAN (vo tom, vo ghe )
Ma so: B2002 - 33 - 01-DA

C quan quan ly d an :Vu khoa hoc cong nghe bo giao duc ao tao C quan chu tr d an :Trng ai hoc Thuy san Nha Trang Chu nhiem d an :PGS.TS Tran Th Luyen Thi gian thc hien d an : 24 thang Bt u thng 6 nm 2002 Kt thc thng 6 nm 2004

Nha Trang thang 5 nam 2004

DANH SACH NHNG NGI THC HIEN D AN

1- PGS.TS Tran Th Luyen Chu nhiem e tai, thc hien cac noi dung hoan thien quy trnh cong nghe, huan luyen cong nhan, chuyen giao cong nghe, nghien cu phat trien san pham sau Chitozan, quan ly toan dien ca ve ky thuat cung nh tai chnh cua d an.

2- Ths. Le Van Khan : Giam oc Trung tam che bien Thuy san chu trach nhiem ieu hanh san xuat, trang thiet b vat t , chuyen giao cong nghe, bao tieu san pham au ra, cung cap nguyen lieu au vao theo ke hoach san xuat .

3- TS. Trang S Trung, t van ky thuat va trang thiet b, chuyen giao cong nghe, chao ban san pham. Nghien cu phat trien san pham sau Chitozan.

4- TS. ang Van Hp: Pho chu nhiem khoa che bien Thuy san, Ho tr ky thuat, t van xay dng va lao ong.

MC LC
M AU. ........................................................................................................... 5
Trang

A - KET QUA NGHIEN CU HOAN THIEN QUY TRNH SAN XUAT CHITINCHITOZAN .....................................................................................................7.

B- KET QUA SAN XUAT TH VA CHUYEN GIAO CONG NGHE .......................15 C- HIEU QUA KINH TE XA HOI CUA D AN ....................................................16 D - GII TRNH CAC KHOAN CHI 17 IV- KET LUAN...................................................................................................18 V-KIEN NGH ....................................................................................................19
TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................... 20 PHU LUC 1 ..........................................................................................................21 MOT SO HNH ANH VE SAN PHAM VA QUA TRNH THC HIEN D AN TAI TRUNG TAM CHE BIEN THUY SAN PHU LUC 2 .......................................................................................................................... 22 MOT SO HP ONG CHUYEN GIAO CONG NGHE SAN XUAT CHITINCHITOZAN CHO CAC C S SAN XUAT PHU LUC 3 ..........................................................................................................23 BAO CAO TOM TAT NOI DUNG NGHIEN CU HOAN THIEN QUY TRNH CONG NGHE SAN XUAT CHITIN- CHITOZAN

1. Kt qu nghin cu hon thin cng on deacetyl trong cng ngh sn xut chitosan t v tm. .............................................................................................. 28 . ............................................................................................................................ 30
PH LC 4 ............................................................................................................................ 32 BO CO KHO ST HM LNG HO CHT CN LI TRONG NC THI V BIN PHP THU HI

M AU
Chitin - chitozan la vat lieu quy co nhieu trong phe lieu thuy san nh vo tom, vo ghe. Chitozan co nhieu ng dung trong cac nganh cong, nong nghip, y duc va bao ve moi trng. Trong y dc: T Chitozan vo tom cua co the san xuat Glucozamin, mot dc chat quy ang phai nhap khau nc ta. Ngoai ra con san xuat cac loai dc lieu khac nh: ch phau thuat t hoai, Chito-olygosaccarit, da nhan tao v.v.. cung c nghien cu san xuat t chitin chitozan . Chitozan con c dung san xuat kem chong kho da, kem dng da ngan chan tia cc tm pha hoai da. Trong cong nghiep: t Chitozan co the che tao nhieu san pham co gia tr cong nghiep nh : vai col dung cho may mac, vai chu nhiet, chong tham, vai Chitozan dung cho may quan ao diet khuan trong y te, Chitozan lam tang o ben cua giay, tang cng o bam dnh cua mc in, Chitozan dung trong in hoa, gop phan tang tnh ben cua hoa vai, Chitozan c s dung trong san xuat sn chong moc va chong tham. Trong nong nghiep Chitozan c s dung e bao quan qua, hat mang lai hieu qua cao. Trong cong nghe moi trng hien nay chitozan c s dung e x ly nc thai cong nghiep rat hieu qua nh x ly nc thi trong cong nghiep nhuom vai, x ly nc trong cong nghiep nuoi tom, ca. ac biet t chitozan co the san xuat ra mang mong e bao goi thc pham, mang nay co the thay the cho PE, mang Chitozan de phan huy trong moi trng t nhien nn van e nay co y ngha quan trong trong viec x ly rac thai va bao ve moi trng. Ngoai ra Chitozan con c dung trong cong nghe sinh hoc nh: Chitozan dung lam chat mang co nh enzyme va co nh te bao v.v...T kha nang ng dung kha rong rai cua Chitin - Chitozan nh a noi tren ma nhieu nc nghien cu san xuat cac san pham nay, trong khi o san pham nay ang phai nhap khau nc ta. Theo so lieu chien lc xuat khau cua bo Thuy san en nam 2005 san lng tom xuat khau at 140.000 tan tren nam. T qua trnh san xuat nay se co mot lng ln phe lieu rieng cho vo tom thai ra khoang 70.000 tan/nam. Theo so lieu thc nghiem chitozan chiem khoang 5% vo ti va khoang 20-40% vo kho, nh vay hang nam co the san xuat gan 50.000 ngan

tan Chitozan t vo tom va ghe phuc vu san xuat trong nc va xuat khau mang lai hieu qua kinh te cho nganh thuy san. Nam 1998 - 2001 e tai nghien cu Hoan thien cong nghe san xuat ChitinChitozan va san xuat mot so che pham cong nghiep va dc hoc t vo tom, ghe a c nghien cu va hoan thanh tai ai hoc Thuy san Nha Trang. Can c tren ket qua at c cua e tai va nhu cau cua thc tien ve kha nang ng dung, kha nang thng mai va nhng hieu qua khac mang lai, Bo giao dc ao tao a giao cho trng ai hoc Thuy san Nha Trang thc hien d an san xuat th nghiem: San xuat Chitin- Chitozan t phe lieu che bien thuy san (vo tom, vo ghe ) Nham muc tieu : -Hoan thien quy trnh cong nghe e nang cao chat lng Chitin-Chitozan. -Tien hanh san xuat th nghiem e tien ti san xuat cong nghiep. - Chuyen giao quy trnh cong nghe cho mot so x nghiep va cong ty. - Gop phan ao tao oi ngu cong nhan lao ong lanh nghe va ky thuat vien. - Gop phan x ly rac thai va bao ve moi trng.

KET QUA THC HIEN

A - KET QUA NGHIEN CU HOAN THIEN QUY TRNH SAN XUAT CHITIN-CHITOZAN
Cac ket qua cua e tai nghien cu muon c ap dung vao qua trnh san xuat ln ang con co nhng khoang cach rat ln do kho khan ve thiet b, nang suat san xuat cho moi me va nhieu ieu kien ky thuat khac eu co sai khac vi ieu kien trong phong th nghiem, do o cong cong viec nghin cu hoan thien theo ieu kien san xuat la rat can thiet . 1- Ket qua hoan thien quy trnh cong nghe san xuat Chitozan nhiu mc acetyl t v tm a- Hon thin cng ngh sn xut Chitozan nhiu mc acetyl t v tm theo phng php 2 bc x l kim . Cong nghe san xuat Chitozan theo phng phap 2 bc x ly kiem a c nghien cu va bao cao trong e taiNghien cu hoan thin quy trnh san xuat Chitozan va mot so san pham t Chitozan cua Tran Th Luyen. Do yeu cau thc te s dung Chitozan can phai co nhieu mc deacetyl (bc 2) cua quy trnh cong nghe nham cac nh cac thong so tng ng cho mc o deacetyl tng ng theo s nghin cu sau y: Nguyen lieu

Dung dch HCl 10% 10V/1N; t = 12h, nhiet o phong Dung dch NaOH 8%, 10V/1N 10V/1N; t = 12h, nhiet o phong Nong o NaOH? Nhiet o, thi gian? o deacetyl?

x ly acid (kh khoang)

x ly kiem lan 1 (kh protein)

x ly kiem lan 2 (deacetyl) San pham cac loai chitozan

Ket qua thc nghiem c trnh bay tren bang 1.

Bang1 : Che o x ly kiem lan 2 cho chitozan co o deacetyl tng ng. T0C Nong o NaOH (%) o deacetyl (%) 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 > 90 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 > 90 Thi gian x ly (h) 6 6,5 6,5 7 7 7,5 7,5 8 >8 5 5 5,5 6,0 6,5 6,5 7,0 >7 Ghi chu

80

40

T le dung dch NaOH/ ban thanh pham = 10/1 (1w/ 10 v) T le dung dch NaOH so vi ban thanh pham = 10/ 1 (10 v/ 1 w).

100

35

T bang 1 cho thay, muon san xuat chitozan co cac mc deacetyl khac nhau ta co the chon cac thong so tng ng. Bang 1 c xay dng tren c s bang thc nghiem 5 phan phu luc 3. T ket qua bang 5 phu luc 3, chon c mot che o cho san pham chitozan co chat lng cao ca ve o nht va o deacetyl. Khi san xuat th theo che o toi u a thu c cac ch tieu chat lng chitozan tren bang 2.
Bang 2: Chat lng chitozan san xuat theo che o toi u. Che o x ly kiem lan 2 nong o kiem 40% Thi gian x ly: 6,5 gi Nhiet o x ly: 800C T le dung dch/ vo tom = 10 V/ 1 W Chat lng chitozan Mau sac trang nga o am (%): 8,5 Ham lng tro (%): 0,025 o nht (oE): 17,04 o tan (%): 98,45 Nit tong so (%): 8,3 o deacetyl (%): 82,07 Phan ng Biure: am tnh

e so sanh vi chat lng chitozan hien nay, theo tap ch thuy san so 2 nam 1992, cac ch tieu chat lng thap nhat cua chitozan cua cong ty PROTANBiopolimer la: o am (%) Ham lng tro(%) Chat khong hoa tan (%) o nht (cps) o deacetyl (%) : 10 : 1,5 : 20 : 200 : 70

Con chitozan c s dung trong y hoc da vao dc ien cua Viet Nam phai co cac gii han: Canxi 0,03 % Protein: Phan ng Biure am tnh Ham lng tro toan phan: 1% Qua so lieu tren ay cho thay neu san xuat che o x ly kiem lan 2 theo bang 2 se thu c san pham chitozan mc cao hn so vi san pham cua cong ty PROTAN- Biopolimer. T ket qua nghien cu bang 5 phan phu luc 3 co the xay dng quy trnh cong nghe san xuat chitozan vi cac mc deacetyl khac nhau va o nht khac nhau nh sau: Vo tom kho Kh khoang bang HCl 10% (T le 10 v/ 1w; t = 12 h; Tophong) Ra trung tnh X ly kiem loang (Kh protein) (NaOH 8%; t le10 v/ 1w; t = 12 h; Tophong) Ra trung tnh X ly kiem ac (Deacetyl) (cac thong so t bang 5 phan phu luc 3) Ra trung tnh

Lam kho Chitozan (co o deacetyl va o nht khac nhau)

Hnh 1: S o quy trnh cong nghe san xuat chitozan t vo tom theo phng phap 2 bc x ly kiem.

b- Hon thin cng ngh sn xut Chitozan nhiu mc Deacetyl t v tm theo phng php 1 bc x l kim . Ket qua nghien cu c trnh bay bng 6 phan phu luc 3. - Phng phap mot bc x ly kiem c mo ta nh sau: Nguyen lieu (vo tom) Dung dch HCl 10% Tophong, thi gian 5h Nong o dung dch kiem? Thi gian? Nhiet o? Ngam acid (kh khoang)

X ly kiem (kh protein va deacetyl)

San pham (odeacetyl va o nht khc nhau)

T ket qua nghien cu xac lap cac che o x ly kiem theo phng phap nay (bang 6 phu luc 3) co the xay dng quy trnh san xuat chitozan vi nhieu mc deacetyl va o nht khac nhau t vo tom theo phng phap mot bc x ly kiem nh sau (hnh 2) Vo tom kho Ngam HCl 10% T le 1 w/ 10v; tophong Thi gian 5h Vo tom ti Ngam HCl 10% T le 1 w/ 10v; tophong Thi gian 5h

Ra sach Kh protein va deacetyl Cac thong so c chon bang 6 phan phu luc 3

Ra sch

Hnh 2: S o cong nghe san xuat chitozan t vo tom theo phng phap mot bc x ly kiem.

Chitosan nhiu mc deacetyl v nht khc nhau

Qua bang 6 phan phu luc 3 chon c mau co che o x ly ti u cho ra san

pham ca ve o nht va o deacetyl. Ket qua san xuat th nghiem mau toi u c trnh bay tren bang 3.
Bang 3: Bien oi o nht, o deacetyl cua chitozan v tm theo thi gian phng phap mot giai oan x ly kiem Cac thong so co nh - Nong o dung dch NaOH 40% - T l w/v= 1/10 - to= 100 2 Thi gian (h) 4.0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 o deacetyl (%) <0 58,54 62,54 76,25 86,64 86,90 o nht (oE) 5,05 10,25 12,50 14,38 13,20 12,85 Trang thai, mau sac, kha nang hoa tan trong acetic 1,5% Nham, uc , o tan rat kem Nham, uc, o tan kem Mem hn, khong tan het Trong, mem, tan het sau 3 phut. Trong, mem, tan het sau 3 phut. Rattrong,memmai,tanhetsau3phut.

Qua ket qua bang 3 cho thay neu muon san xuat chitozan co cac mc deacetyl va o nht khac nhau, co the chon thi gian x ly NaOH khac nhau, chang han muon san xuat chitozan co o deacetyl 50 60 % th can thi gian x ly 4,5 5h, o deacetyl can la 60 70% th can 5 5,5h.Khi thi gian tang len t 6 6,5h, o deacetyl cham dan va at 80 90%. Tuy nhien can phai chon o nht tng ng cho phu hp tng nhu cau s dung. Khi o deacetyl thap th o nht se thap do kha nang hoa tan cua Chitozan kem mat o phan t thap. Trong trng hp x ly kiem 1 giai oan co the chon o deacetyl khoang 86%, neu deacetyl qua mc dan en o nht lai giam xuong. Neu can o nht cao, ta chon che o san xuat tng ng la thi gian 5,5h (o nht la 14,380E), con neu muc ch s dung ch yeu cau la o deacetyl cao th phai chon mc thi gian x ly la t 5 tr len (o nht deacetyl > 80%) Can c theo tieu chuan cua cong ty Protan Biopolymer cho phep chon mau x ly 5,5h 6h la toi u. Sau khi san xuat th nghiem mau nay at cac ch tieu chat lng tren bang 4.
Bang 4: Chat lng Chitozan theo che o x ly kiem ti u Che o x ly kiem - Dung dch NaOH 40% - T0x ly: 100 20C - Ty leDD/ vo: 10v/1w - Thig gian x ly 5,5h Chat lng Chitozan - Mau trang, ep. - Trang thai mem mai - o am (%): 10 - Ham lng tro (%): 0,023 - Chat khong tan (%): 1,6 - o deacetyl (%):76,25 - Nit tong so (%): 8,05 - o nht (0E): 14,38 - o tan (%) 98, 65 - Phan ng Biure: am tnh

10

So sanh vi chat lng Chitozan cua cong ty Protan Biopolymer th chitozan san xuat theo quy trinh nay at yeu cau. c-Hon thin cng ngh sn xut Chitozan nhiu mc deacetyl t v gh theo phng php 1 bc x l kim Ket qua nghien cu c trnh bay trn bang 7 phan phu luc 3. Qua bang 7 cho thay co the chon che o x ly phu hp e co c san pham Chitozan co mc chat lng cao tng ng ve o nht va o deacetyl. - Mau sac, trang thai : trang nga, deo dai. - o am : 7,1% 2+ : 0,74% - Ham lng Ca - o nht : 25,60E - Hieu suat thu Chitozan : 7,8% (so vi trong lng ti) - Ham lng chat khong tan : 0,18% - Nit tong so chitozan : 8,42% - o deacetyl : 78,32% - o tan : 98,25% Quy trnh e xuat san xuat Chitozan t vo ghe vi cac mc deacetyl va o nht khac nhau theo phng phap 1 bc x ly kiem c trnh bay tren hnh 3 Vo ghe ti X ly (ra, xay manh 3x3cm)

Kh khoang

Ra trung tnh Kh protein + Deacetyl hoa

{HCl} = 10% W/v = 1/5 T0 phong, t = 11h

Cac thong so x ly t bang 8 phan phu luc

Ra trung tnh Phi (hoac say kho) Chitozan vi nhieu mc deacetyl va o nht.
Hnh 3: S o quy trnh san xuat chitozan t vo ghe.

11

II- Hon thin quy trnh sn xut Chitin

1- Kt qa hon thin quy trnh sn xut chitin t v gh Mai ghe kho x l HCl 10%, ty le 1w/10v T0 phong, t = 11h Ngam Acid x l HCl 10%, ty le 1w/5v t = 11h Mai ghe ti

Ra trung tnh

Ngam kiem

Dung dch NaOH 10%, t = 24h, t0 phong, ty le 1w/5v

Ra trung tnh

Phi kho

Ep nen

Hnh 4: Quy trnh cong nghe san xuat chitin chat lng cao t vo ghe.

Chitin vo ghe.

- Sn phm Chitin mu trng c - Dng ming, vy - Phn ng Biure m tnh - Hm lng khong 0,038% - m 10% Nhn xt: Sn phm Chitin t yu cu v hm lng tro, m. Phn ng Biure m tnh v cc ch tiu khc ca Chitin thng mi (Cng ty Protan Biopolymer).

12

2- Hon thin quy trnh sn xut chitin t v tm Sau khi thc nghim quy trnh hon thin sn xut chitin v tm c trnh by trn s hnh 5. V tm ti V tm kh
x l phn loi x l phn loi

Dung dch HCl 10% t l 1w/10v t0 phng, t = 10h.

Ngm acid

Dung dch HCl 10% t l 1w/10v t0 phng, t = 10h. Dung dch NaOH 8%, t = 12h, t0 phng, t l 1 w/10v

Ra trung tnh

Ngm kim

Ra trung tnh Lm kh p nn

Sn phm chitozan
Hnh 5: Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut chitin cht lng cao t v tm kh, ti

Sn phm chitin thu c c cc c tnh sau: - Mu trng, c. - Khng tan trong nc, cc dung mi v axetic long - Dng ming, vy. - Phn ng Biure: m tnh - Hm lng khong 0,028% - m: 10% 3- Hon thin quy trnh sn xut Chitin t v tm theo yu cu v cht lng ca khch hng

13

V tm kh

V gh kh

Dung dch HCl 10%, T = 5h, T0 phng, t l 1w/10v

Ngm acid Ng m acid

Dung dch HCl 10%, t = 11h T0 phng, t l 1w/10v

Ra trung tnh

Dung dch NaOH 8% T0 phng, 1w/10v T = 24h

Ngm kim

Dung dch NaOH 8% T0 phng, 1w/10v T = 24h

Ra trung tnh Lm kh p nn

Chitin v tm, gh
Hnh 6: Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut chitin v gh, v tm theo yu cu cht lng ca khch hng.

Cht lng: - Mu vng sng. - Phn ng Biure dng tnh - Mnh vn khng u - m: 12% - Khong: 2,288% Nhn xt: Cht lng cn thp cha t yu cu v hm lng protein v khong tuy nhin sn phm ny li bn c do khch hng yu cu.

14

B- KET QUA SAN XUAT TH VA CHUYEN GIAO CONG NGHE

* Ket qua san xuat th nghiem Trong qua trnh thc hien d an a to chc san xuat cc sn phm sau: Chitin : 25 tan Chitozan :100 kg * Kha nang tieu thu : - a xuat ban : 25 Tan Chitin ,gi bn 30.000 /kg a ban 100 kg Chitozan ,gi bn 220.000 /kg

Xuat ban cho trng ai hc nong lam ,Bch khoa TP HCM, cng ty rau qu Tin giang ,i hc nng ,mt s ti nghin cu ca trng i hc Thy sn v mt s c quan khc . Chitozan ang c cho hng i Thi lan v ang chun b k hp ong ban san pham cho Phap Chat lng san pham at c:Chitin - Chitozan san xuat at chat lng tot nh a trnh bay phan anh gia chat lng san pham sau moi quy trnh san xuat . San pham Chitozan c khach hang trong nc va mot so nc cong nhan va at hang mua vi khoi lng ln. Trong thi gian qua san pham Chitin tieu thu nhieu con san pham Chitozan tieu thu cn mc thp tuy nhin bat au ky c hp ong tieu thu Chitozan vi khoi lng ln . * Ket qua chuyen giao cong nghe - a thc hien hp ong chuyen giao cong nghe cho : +Cng ty c phn Chitozan C mau +C s sn xut hi sn Phc long Nha trang +Cng ty trch nhim hu hn Kim Anh B ra Vng tu

C - HIEU QUA KINH TE XA HOI CUA D AN :

Trong 2 nam thc hien d an a at c ket qua ang khch le ve mat kinh te xa hoi nh sau : * Hieu qua xa hoi : - a ao tao c 2 thac sy va 5 ky s chuyen nganh che bien Thuy san trc tiep thc hien ky thuat san xuat Chitin- Chitozan - a ao tao c oi ngu cong nhan ky thuat lanh nghe trong lnh vc san xuat Chitin-Chitozan

15

Tao viec lam on nh cho 25 ngi lao ong , phan ln ho la dan ngheo vung ven bien - La c s thc tap giao trnh cho hang tram sinh vien nganh Che bien Thuy san * San pham a c a i trng bay tai : + Trien lam khanh hoa 350 nam ( Nam 2003 ) + Trien lam cac thanh tu nghien cu khoa hoc va chuyen giao cong nghe giai oan 1996-2002 cua bo GDT nam 2003 tai Ha Noi + Trien lam Vinafish thang 4 nam 2004 tai thanh pho Ho Ch Minh Qua cac trien lam san pham eu c d luan xa hoi anh gia tot, San pham Chitozn ngay cang c cac c s tieu dung chu y . - D an a gop phan ang ke trong viec tao nen san pham ac thu t phe lieu thuy san vo tom, vo ghe ma san pham nay ang phai nhap khau nc ta e phuc vu dc pham, va cac nganh cong nghiep khac. ong thi d an con gop phan ang ke trong viec tao nen c s vat chat e nang cao chat lng ao tao cua nha trng, d an a tao nen nguon lc quan trong e phat trien trung tam Nghien cu, chuyn giao cong nghe che bien Thuy san co kha nang tien ti xay dng c s san xuat Chitin- Chitozan vi quy mo cong nghiep cao. ong thi d an a gop phan tao nen uy the cua trng vi vai tro la trng au nganh trong lnh vc thuy san nc ta. * Hieu qua kinh te : Trong qua trnh thc hien d an Toan bo cac chi ph c tnh cho gia thanh san pham, cac khoan muc chi tieu eu a c thc hien theo quy nh chung cua phan chi ngan sach d an, bang moi bien phap phai bao ton nguon von. Qua trnh ban san pham a giup cho d an thu hoi c nguon von e thanh toan tra bo theo ung nh hp ong a ky. Mat khac d an a trang trai chi ph ao tao can bo, hoan thien quy trnh san xuat - Tong thu t san pham ban c la : 772.000.000 dng - Tong chi ph cho qua trnh san xuat :712.000.000 - Li nhuan : 60 .000.000.dng - Ty le lai rong :7.7% - Ty le thu hoi von : 100% dng

16

D - GII TRNH CAC KHOAN CHI

Cac khoan chi e hoan thien cong nghe trong so 200.000.000 c mien thu hoi : 1. Chi ph hoan thien cong nghe va thue khoan chuyen mon - Chi ph lien he thc hien d an va tham quan : - Chi ph cho chuyen gia, t van ky thuat : - Viet hng dn quy trnh va huan luyen cong nhan : 2. Chi ph quan ly hanh chnh, hoi thao : 3. Chi ph tiep th quang cao : 4. ang ky chat lng san pham : 5. Chi cho nghien cu x ly moi trng 6. Chi cho in an bao cao va nghiem thu : -Viet, anh may, sa cha bao cao : - An loat, anh : - Nghiem thu cap c s : - Nghiem thu cap bo : 2.000.000 1.500.000 2.500.000 4.000.000. 28.000.000 40.000.000 23.500.000 29.000.000 15.000.000. 10.000.000. 15.500.000

- Hoan thien quy trnh cong nghe, kiem tra chat lng san pham: 30.000.000

Tong cong : 200.000.000 (Hai tram trieu ong )

IV- KET LUAN

Sau 2 nam thc hien d an a at c nhng ket qua sau ay : - a hoan thien quy trnh san xuat Chitin - Chitozan theo cac mc o deacetyl ap ng theo yeu cau thc te. - a san xuat th nghiem c 25 tan Chitin va gan 100 kg Chitozan, san pham a c tieu thu ung theo tien o san xuat . - a nghien cu bc au e tan dng lng hoa chat co trong nc thai e gop phan giam gia thanh san pham va giam thieu o nhiem moi trng do cong nghe tao ra . - Bc au a x ly dch thai bang be trung hoa - a chuyen giao cong nghe san xuat cho mot so c s san xuat trong nc va nghien cu ng dung Chitozan vao mot so lnh vc e trong thi gian ti se phat trien ng dung vao dc hoc va mot so nganh cong, nong nghiep, thc pham nc ta.

17

- a chao hang i Thai Lan, a ky hp ong vi Phap e ban Chitozan, ay la nhng viec lam quan trong e xuat khau Chitozan trong thi gian ti . - a gop phan giam tai o nhiem moi trng t phe lieu thai ra t cac nha may che bien thuy san . - a ao tao c 2 thac sy, 5 ky s thuoc chuyen nganh che bien Thuy san v lnh vc Chitozan va ng dng, tao nen c s vat chat cho trung tam nhien cu, chuyen giao cong nghe che bien thuy san ap ng phuc vu ao tao thc tap tay nghe cho hang tram sinh vien nganh che bien thuy san . - a tao cong an viec lam cho 25 ngi lao ong .

V-KIEN NGH
Sau khi thc hien d an cho thay van e nang cao nang lc cho cong nghe san xuat Chitin - Chitozan nc ta la viec lam het sc can thiet. Ket qua cua d an cung mi ch la bc au m ra mot trien vong kha thi ve mot nganh cong nghiep Chitozan nc ta. Do vay e ngh can tiep tuc hnh thanh mot chng trnh ln e nghien cu nang cao chat lng cong nghe, chat lng san pham va nghien cu phat trien ng dung Chitozan vao dc hoc va cong, nong nghiep, thc pham nc ta. -e ngh bo xem xet e cho trng ai hoc Thuy san nang cap trung tam che bien thuy san thanh c s cong nghe cao chuyen nghien cu san xuat va phat trien ng dung Chitozan vao thc te . - Can tiep tuc nghien cu thu hoi hoa chat con lai, thu hoi chat mau t dch thai cua cong nghe e gop phan ha gia thanh san pham, nang cao hieu qua kinh te va giam thieu o nhiem moi trng cua cong nghe san xuat ny. - Can i sau nghien cu san xuat chitozan theo phng phap sinh hoc e giam thieu van e o nhiem moi trng do phng phap hoa hoc tao ra.

18

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. M.E.Hansen, A.M Lanes, A.M. Martin, 1994. Application of cr ustacean wastes in biotechnology Fisheries processing Biotechnology application. 2. Fean Mare Seng, Chitin - Chitozan v cc trin vng mi cho cng nghip. 3. Trn Th Luyn, Minh Phng, 1997. Cng ngh ch bin sn phm y dc v cng nghip t ph liu thu sn. 4. Trn Th Luyn, 2001. Bo co khoa hc ti cp b: Nghin cu hon thin quy trnh sn xut chitoan v ch bin mt s sn phm cng nghip t ph liu v tm, v cua.

19

PHU LUC 3:
BAO CAO TOM TAT NOI DUNG NGHIEN CU HOAN THIEN QUY TRNH CONG NGHE SAN XUAT CHITIN- CHITOZAN
I- Phn tch cc cng on cn hon thin. Phng php sn xut chitozan theo phng php 1 hoc 2 giai on x l kim c trnh by trn s hnh 7: Phng php 1 (hai giai on x l kim) Nguyn liu X l acid (thi gian, t0C)
Kh khong

Phng php 2 (mt giai on x l kim) Nguyn liu X l acid (thi gian, t0C)
Kh khong

Ra trung tnh

Ra trung tnh

X l kim long (thi gian, t0C) (Kh protein) X l kim c(thi gian, t0C) Ra trung tnh

X l kim c(thi gian, t0C) (Kh protein v deacetyl) Ra trung tnh Chitosan

Chitosan
Hnh 7: Cng ngh sn xut chitozan theo 1 hoc 2 giai on x l kim

Kh khong: Trong v tm, thnh phn khong ch yu l mui CaCO3 v rt t Ca3(PO4)2. Nn ngi ta thng dng cc loi acid nh HCl, H2SO4 kh khong. Khi kh khong, nu dng HCl th cho hiu qu cao hn. Nu dng H2SO4 s to mui kh tan khi lu chuyn nc ngm chm. Phn ng ca HCl kh khong photphat caxni v cacbonate canxi nh sau: CaCO3 + HCl = CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O. Ca3(PO4)2 + 6HCl = 3 CaCl2 + 2 H2PO4.

20

Trong qu trnh ra th mui CaCl2 to thnh c r tri, nng HCl c nh hng ln n cht lng ca chitosan thnh phm, ng thi n nh hng ln ti thi gian v hiu qu kh khong. Nng HCl cao s rt ngn c thi gian kh khong nhng nht chitin - chitosan gim n s lm ct mch polysaccharide (mch ny b phn hu thu phn) dn n cht lng ca chitin - chitozan sau ny b gim. Ngc li nu nng HCl thp th thi gian kh khong s tng nhng t b nh hng, song nu nh nng HCl qu thp th kh khong s khng trit v thi gian x l ko di nh hng ti cht lng ca chitin - chitosan, ng thi phi ko di chu k sn xut. Thi gian x l ph thuc vo nhit v nng HCl, vi nhit thng th thi gian x l ngn, song ta ch s dng nng HCl vi mt mc nht nh. Nhit cng nh hng n tc kh khong. Nhit cng cao th rt ngn thi gian kh khong. Tuy nhin nhit cao HCl bay hi gy nhim mi trng, ng thi nhit cao n s lm thu phn ct mch polysacaride ca chitin chitosan trong mi trng acid, do n s lm cho mc trng hp ca polymer chitin gim, dn n lm gim nht ca sn phm chitosan sau ny. Qua nghin cu thc tin sn xut ngi ta thng kh khong nhit phng. T l nguyn liu v dung dch HCl (%) cng nh hng ti hiu qu kh khong. Nu t l ny cao th hiu qu kh khong thp do khng lng HCl cn phn ng ht lng khong c trong nguyn liu. Nu t l ny nh c ngha l lng dch HCl s dng cao gy cng knh th nghim, chi ph tn km, gim nng sut dy chuyn, kh nng ct mch polymer ln lm gim cht lng chitosan sau ny. Trong qu trnh ngm acid phi thng xuyn khuy o v lng khong trong nguyn liu Ca3(PO4)2 tc dng vi HCl sinh ra mui Ca(H2PO4)2; Ca3(PO4)2 + 4HCl = 2CaCl2 + Ca(H2PO4)2 Mui Ca(H2PO4)2 c tnh aicd, trong iu kin s tun hon ca acid chm c c th tc dng vi Ca3(PO4)2 to thnh CaHPO4 khng ho tan trong nc. Ca3(PO4)2 + Ca(H2PO4)2 = 4 CaHPO4 - Ra trung tnh: Cng on ny c tc dng ra tri ht lng CaCl2 to thnh, loi b HCl d bi v lng HCl nu cn n s trung ho lm hao tn lng NaOH cng on kh protein hay deacetyl. Trong qu trnh ra cng c phn no sc t b ra tri. - X l kim: + X l kim long kh protein (Phng php 2 giai on x l kim) Thu phn protein:

21

Protein

acidamin + peptit

ho tan vo dch ra.

Thu phn lipit to x phng: CH2 OH R1 COONa CH2 COOR1 CH OH + R2 COONa CH COOR2 + 3 NaOH CH2 OH R3 COONa CH2 COOR1 R1, R2, R3: cc gc hydrocacbon ca acid bo. X phng to thnh c tc dng ty ra v hp th cc cht mu trong nguyn liu. - X l kim c (Deacetyl): C th dng cc tc nhn ho hc l NaOH m c hoc tc nhn sinh hc l enzym deacetylaza vi khun kh acetyl ca chitin to thnh chitosan. V iu kin c hn nn sn xut enzym deacetylaza vi sinh vt rt kh khn. y cho php dng NaOH nng m c (35 - 40%) deacetyl. Phng trnh deacetyl: NaOH Chitin Chitosan Deacetyl
CH2OH H O OH H H O O H OH HN-COCH3 H CH2OH O O H O H n CH2OH H OH H HN-COCH3 O O

H HN-OCH3 Chitin H nNaOH

nCH3-COONa
CH2OH O O H H OH O H OH H H CH2OH H CH2OH H O H OH

O O H H

H NH2 H NH2 H NH2 Tuy nhin 2 cng on x l kim ny c th cho php gp li thnh mt giai on x l kim c. Khi x l kim c nng cao t 35% - 45% trong iu kin nhit v thi gian thch hp s xy ra ng thi cc phn ng thu phn protein thu phn lipit v deacetyl ho (trng hp phng php mt giai on x l kim) Xut pht t c s l thuyt trn, cn hon thin quy trnh sn xut Chitosan

22

theo 2 phng php v theo cc mc cht lng hoc theo mc deacetyl ho khc nhau. C nh vy quy trnh mi ph hp yu cu thc t v d n tp trung vo bc x l kim cui cng cn cc cng on khc cho php tham kho quy trnh hon thin ca Trn Th Luyn (Theo bo co ti cp B nghim thu nm 2001)

II. Phng php nghin cu.

1. nh gi cht lng chitin - chitozan. Hin nay nc ta cha c mt h thng ch tiu nh gi cht lng cho sn phm ny, cc ch tiu c nu ra di y l nhng ch tiu m ti thu thp t nhng thng tin trong v ngoi nc nhm gp phn xy dng mt h thng ch tiu hon chnh cho sn phm chitin - chitosan. Cht lng ca Chitin - chitosan c nh gi thng qua cht lng chitosan ca cng ty Protan - Biopolymer l mt trong nhng cng ty ln trn th gii (theo tp ch Thu sn s 2 - 1992). Gm cc ch tiu sau: - m : 10% - Hm lng tro : 1,5% - Cht khng ho tan : 20% - nht : 200cps - deacetyl : 70% Chitosan c s dng trong y hc, da vo dc in Vit Nam phi c cc gii hn sau: Canxi Protein Hm lng tro ton phn : 0 0,03% : cho phn ng Biure m tnh : 1%

2. Cc phng php kim tra cht lng chitin chitosan 3. Mu sc, mm mi xc nh bng phng php cm quan. 4. Phng php xc nh m: Xc nh m bng phng php sy kh n khi lng khng i 5. Phng php xc nh hm lng tro: Hm lng tro c xc nh bng phng php nung nhit 5000C 6000C. 6. Phng php xc nh ho tan. - Nguyn l: Chitosan c ho tan trong acid acetic loanmgx, cn chitn v cc tp cht khc khng ho tan. - Tin hnh: Cn chnh xc M(g) chitosan ho tan trong aicd acetic long 1% khuy u trong 30 pht cho chitosan tan hon ton. Sau em lc qua giy lc, ri ra li

23

bng nc ct, em sy kh n khi khi lng khng i ta xc nh tan ca chitosan. M X= x100% A -B Trong : M: Khi lng ca chitosan (g) A: Khi lng phu lc + giy lc + tp cht sau khi sy (g). B: Khi lng phu lc + giy lc trc khi sy (g) 7. Phng php xc nh hm lng Canxi Canxi c xc nh bng phng php Oxalat 8. Phng php xc nh nht. nht c xc nh trn my o Englers. Tin hnh: Chitosan c pha thnh dung dch 1% trong acid acetic 1%. Trong qu trnh o phi nhit l 200C.

Cng thc nht ng lc

Tkeo E
T

20

(0E)

Tnc
Trong :

20

Tkeo

20

: thi gian dung dch chitosan 1% chy ra c 200ml qua l mao qun Engles

200C (S) : thi gian nc chy ra c 200 ml qua l mao qun Engles 200C (S) 9. Phng php xc nh Deacetyl deacetyl ho c xc nh theo cng thc: 100 x (N 6,89) x 100
20

Tnc

D= 20,7 x N

(%)

Trong : D: deacetyl ho (%). 6,98: % Nit trong chitin (tnh theo l thuyt) 20,7: gim khi lng ca 100g chitin khi deacetyl ho hon ton thnh chitosan (tnh theo l thuyt).

24

N: % Nit trong chitosan o bng thc nghim (y chnh l nit tng s (Nts) xc nh bng phng php Kjeldahl.

III. Kt qu nghin cu hon thin cng on deacetyl ca cng ngh sn xut chitosan
1. Kt qu nghin cu hon thin cng on deacetyl trong cng ngh sn xut chitosan t v tm. a) Theo phng php 2 giai on x l kim Kt qu nghin cu nh hng ca NaOH, nhit , v thi gian x l n decetyl v nht, tan ca chitosan t v tm s c trnh by trn bng 5.
Bng 5: nh hng ca nng NaOH, nhit v thi gian x l n tan, nht v deacetyl ca chitosan theo phng php hai giai on x l kim: Stt 1 Cc thng s c nh [NaOH] = 35% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 800C 2 [NaOH] = 40% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 800C 3 [NaOH] = 35% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 1000C 4 [NaOH] = 40% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 1000C Thi gian-t(h) 5 5 6 6,5 5 5 6 6,5 5 5 6 6,5 5 5 6 6,5 tan (%) 95,72 97,73 98,11 98,30 97,28 97,73 98,43 98,45 97,18 97,99 98,10 98,61 98,02 98,25 98,85 99,05 deacetyl (%) 44,85 56,29 59,62 62,83 61,23 68,07 81,10 82,07 62,29 63,88 77,67 82,07 72,16 77,67 91,04 91,50 nht (%) 6,87 9,52 11,95 14,21 9,34 12,08 12,42 17,04 10,92 12,19 14,19 13,72 11,27 16,14 14,05 8,41

Qua bng 5 cho thy nu s dng nng NaOH = 35% th thi gian x l phi ko di trn 6,5h mi t t l deacetyl khong 70% 800C, nhng nu nng ln 1000C th tc deacetyl nhanh hn, chng hn t c deacetyl 70% ch mt 6,0 gi. Kinh nghim thc t cho thy c th nng cao nng ho cht ln 40% v h thp nhit xung 800C s cho cht lng chitosan cao c v nht v deacetyl, chng hn nng NaOH 40%, thi gian 6,5 gi, nhit = 800C thu c chitosan c deacetyl l 82,07% v nht l 17,040E Tuy nhin trong thc t do nhu cu s dng c th thin v deacetyl hoc thin v nht tu theo tng trng hp c th. Khi bng 6 c ngha cao cho

25

php tham kho cc cp thng s x l tng ng c c sn phm chitosan c cht lng tng ng v deacetyl hay nht ca n. b) Theo phng php mt giai on x l kim. Kt qu nghin cu hon thin qu trnh kh protein v deacetyl ho theo phng php mt giai on s l kim trong cng ngh sn xut chitosan t v tm s c trnh by trn bng 6.
Bng 6 nh hng ca nng NaOH, nhit v thi gian x l n tan, nht v deacetyl ca chitosan theo phng php mt giai on x l kim. Stt 1 Cc thng s c nh [NaOH] = 35% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 800C 2 [NaOH] = 35% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 1000C 3 [NaOH] = 35% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 1000C 4 [NaOH] = 40% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 1000C Thi gian (h) 5,5 6 6,5 7 5,5 6 6,5 7 5,5 6 6,5 7 5,5 6 6,5 7 tan (%) 94,78 96,42 97,51 98,18 96,99 98,02 98,07 98,19 95,32 97,61 98,21 98,71 98,50 98,54 98,74 99,14 deacetyl (%) 49,79 47,99 56,90 61,23 63,23 72,67 76,18 78,66 66,61 73,18 83,93 84,47 71,15 77,67 83,99 84,49 nht (%) 7,07 10,23 12,74 12,92 10,01 13,12 14,21 10,12 7,64 12,32 14,74 10,07 16,77 14,62 11,47 9,56

T kt qu bng 6 cho thy kt qu x l kim 2 nng 35% v 40%, theo thi gian v nhit thch hp ta thu c cc mc cht lng Chitosan khc nhau. ngha ca bng ny lm t liu tham kho cho cc nh sn xut c th chn cc ch x l tng ng khi c nhu cu sn xut Chitosan khc nhau. Tuy nhin so snh cc kt qu cho thy sn phm c cht lng cao nht l ch x l kim l : Dung dch kim 40% T l 1w/10v T0 = 800C T = 6,5 gi.

26

 ch ny t c mc deacetyl l 83,93% v nht l 14, 740E. Hoc ch t0 = 1000C, dung dch NaOH 40%, thi gian x l rt xung cn 5,5 gi, t l dung dch 1w/10v 2- Kt qu nghin cu hon thin cng on x l kim (kh protein v deacetyl) cho v gh - sn xut chitosan theo phng php 1 giai on x l kim. Kt qu nghin cu cho v gh c trnh by trn bng 7
Bng 7: nh hng ca ch nu NaOH n kh nng kh protein v deacetyl theo quy trnh sn xut chitosan t v gh theo phng php 1 giai on x l kim. Stt Cc thng s c nh 1 [NaOH] = 45% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 800C 20C Thi gian (h) Mu sc 0 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 0 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 0 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 Kt qu NTS deacetyl (%) 51,2 65,7 74,1 82,7 62,2 78,3 95,4 98,2 70,1 86,2 95,5 98,5 nht (0E) 13,8 16,4 17,8 16,6 13,2 23,3 17,6 12,6 11,8 10,4 8,1 7,3

7,8 6,2 5,7 5,2 5,9 Pht nu Ng vng 7,71 Ng vng 7,97 Trng ng 8,03 8,31 7,8 6,6 6,3 5,6 6,4 Trng 7,91 Vng Trng ng 8,22 Trng ng 8,58 8,65 Trng 7,8 7,1 6,5 6,8 Trng ng 7,2 8,06 Trng 8,39 Trng 8,59 Trng 8,66

[NaOH] = 45% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 900C 20C

[NaOH] = 45% T l 1w/10v. T0C = 1000C 20C

27

T kt qu bng 7 cho thy, quy lut bit i ca nit tng s c chia lm 2 giai on bin i khc nhau. * Giai on t 0 2 gi, NTS gim dn khi thi gian tng dn. y chnh l qu trnh kh protein ca v cua, lm cho NTS gim i. * Giai on t 2 gi tr i cho thy khi thi gian tng th NTS li tng ln, nh vy giai on ny, mc kh protein cn khng ng k, thay vo d l qu trnh deacetyl (loi b nhm - CO-CH3) xy ra mnh, kh dn cc tp cht phi chitosan lm cho chitosan tng dn tinh khit ca n, mt cch trc tip lm cho trng lng phn t Chitin gim (do mt gc - CO-CH3) v vy NTS ca chitosan tng ln tng i. * So snh mc bin i NTS 3 mc nhit cho thy 100 20C c mc bin i nhanh hn, v d qu trnh xy ra deacetyl ho t0 = 100 20C xy ra sau 1,5 gi, trong khi mc nhit 90 20C v 80 20C xy ra sau 2 gi. T bng 7 cho thy, deacetyl bt u c klho st t 5 gi tr i. deacetyl tng dn theo thi gian v dn dn c xu th cn bng. So snh 3 mc nhit th deacetyl mc 100 20C cao nht, t c 70,1% lc 5 gi v 98,5% lc 6,5 gi, cn hai mc nhit 90 20C v 80 20C mc deacetyl c thp h n. Tuy nhin chn c nhit v thi gian thch hp cho vic deacetyl ca vic sn xut chitosan t v gh theo phng php ho hc ta cn xt thm s bin i nht ca chitosan. T bng 7 cho thy mi trng kim mnh m c 45% ti nhit 100 20C cho nht thp hn nhiu so vi mc nhit 90 20C v 80 20C mi thi im. Xt 2 mc nhit 90 20C v 80 20C cho thy nhit 90 20C c nht ca chitosan cao nht 5,5 gi l 23,30E, sau nht gim i khi thi gian tng dn. nhit 80 20C cho nht ca chitosan thp hn trong mi khong thi gian thc nghim, c th gii thch l do deacetyl 80 20C cn thp, kh nng ho tan ca chitosan cha t ti a. 5 -6 gi deacetyl cao t 82,7% nhng thi gian li qu di nn chitan b ct mch trong mi trng kim mnh, m c. Qua bng 7 c th chn mu c nht cao v deacetyl cao ti t0 = 90 20C, thi gian x l l 5,5 gi.

28

PH LC 4
BO CO KHO ST HM LNG HO CHT CN LI TRONG NC THI V BIN PHP THU HI
1.Xc nh nng ho cht (HCl v NaOH v khi lng ca dch thi trong cng on x l acid v x l kim 1 giai on.
Bng 8: Nng , khi lng dch ho cht trc v sau khi x l trong cng ngh sn xut chitosan t v tm 1 giai on x l kim. Khi lng (kg) Trc x l 80 5 40 35 74 45 60 Sau x l

Nng (%) Dch ho cht trc v sau khi x l/1kg chitozan Trc x l Sau x l Dung dch HCl Dung dch HCl Dung dch NaOH Dung dch NaOH 10

Khi lng HCl 10% cn thit x l cho qu trnh sn xut 1 kg chitosan l 80kg. Sau khi x l cn li 60kg. Nh vy khi lng dung dch HCl tiu hao 40% so vi ban u khi lng dung dch NaOH 40% cn thit sn xut 1kg chitosan l 75kg. Sau khi x l khi lng dung dch NaOH cn li l 45kg tng ng 60%, nh vy ti u hao mt 40%. 2-Xc nh t l ha cht cn b xung cho cng on x l T bng kt qu nghin cu trn ta xc nh c nng HCl v NaOH cn b sung theo cng thc sau: C2 - C D1: C1 C D2: C2 C C1 Trong : C1 = 5%: nng HCl sau khi lm trong C2 = 40%: nng ca HCl cng nghip C = 10%: nng HCl cn pha D1: khi lng dung dch 1 (khi lng dung dch HCl 5%) D2: khi lng dung dch 2 (khi lng dung dch HCl cng nghip) Ta c:
D1 C 2 C 40 10 30 6 = = = = D 2 C C1 10 5 5 1

c dung dch HCl 10% ta cn pha dung dch HCl 5% v HCl 40% (HCl cng nghip) theo t l 6/1 (VHCl 5%/VHCl 40% = 6/1)

29

Tng t i vi dung dch NaOH ta c cng thc sau: C2 - C D1: C2 C D2: C2 C - C1 Trong : C1 = 35%: nng NaOH sau khi lm trong C2 = 100%: nng ca NaOH gc C = 40%: nng NaOH cn pha D1: khi lng dung dch 1 D2: khi lng dung dch 2 Ta c:
D1 C 2 C 100 40 60 12 = = = = D 2 C C1 40 35 5 1

c dung dch NaOH 40% ta cn pha dung dch NaOH 35% v NaOH 100% theo t l 12/1. xut quy trnh sn xut chitozan c tn dng dch thi trn s hnh HCl cng nghip Cn bng nng HCl V tm

Tch v thu hi cht mu

X l acid HCl 10% 1 w/10v, 12h; t0 phng

Lm sch tp cht

Dch thi HCl

Phn tch
Ra trung tnh

NaOH cng nghip Cn bng nng

X l kim NaOH 40% 1 w/10v, t = 6,6h, t0 = 800C

Phn tch dch thi NaOH lm sch tp cht Lm kh Chitosan

30

Hnh 9 S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut chitosan c tn dng dch thi ho cht.

Quy trnh ny c sn xut th v thu c kt qu bng 9:

Bng 9: nh hng ca kim thu hi n mt s chi tit cht lng chitozan.
Ch x l Thi gian (h) tan (%) deacetyl (%) nht (%)

NaOH = 40% t l 1 w/10v nhit 800C

5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5

94,28 97,7 98,18 98,6

65,07 71,26 80,92 83,47

6,64 12,40 14,21 10,09

Qua bng chn thi gian x l l 6 gi, p dng cc thng s v NaOH 40%, t l 1 w/10v; t0 = 800C v thi gian x l 6gi vo quy trnh cng ngh hnh ( ). Ta thu c sn phm chitozan c cht lng nh sau: - Mu sc: vng nht - Phn ng Biure m tnh - m : 8,5% - Hm lng tro: 0,025% - nht: 14,770E - tan: 98,5% - deacetyl: 80,18% - Nit tng s: 8,3% Nhn xt: V cc ch tiu m, hm lng tro, tan, deacetyl.v.v.. t yu cu. Tuy nhin mu sc chitozan khng c trng, do k thut lm sch dch ho cht thu hi cha trit (tch mu cha trit , cn mt s tp cht ho tan) nh hng n cht lng v mu sc ca chitosan. So vi kt qu bng 6, khi s dng ho cht nguyn gc th thy kt qu khng khc nhau xa. Do kh nng tn dng dch thi ho cht l hon ton kh thi, tuy nhin phi nghin cu xy dng h thng lm sch dch thi trit . ng thi phi i su nghin cu kh nng tn dng li c bao nhiu chu k m bo cht lng ca chitozan. Vic nghin cu thu hi dch thi ho cht trn y mi l cng on khi u nhng cng cho thy n mang li hiu qu cho sn xut. Tuy nhin cn phi tin hnh nghin cu tch mu, k thut lm sch tp cht v s chu k tn dng v i n tnh ton thit k mt h thng x l s dng li cc dch thi ho cht cho cng ngh sn xut chitozan ph hp nht. Cng vic ny rt c ngha trong bo v mi trng v gim chi ph ho cht cho mt n v sn phm chitozan.

31