1. Who are the developers of Photoshop?

- In 1987, Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the University of Michigan began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscaleimages on a monochrome display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magicemployee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a fully-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program, which had been renamed ImagePro. Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped" this way. During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988. While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing program code. Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively. 2. What is Photoshop? -Image editing software developed and manufactured by Adobe Systems Inc. Photoshop is considered one of the leaders in photo editing software. The software allows users to manipulate, crop, resize, and correct color on digitalphotos. The software is particularly popular amongstprofessional photographers. 3. Two major types of image files and its characteristics. -JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) JPEG is an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG and its variation/derivative formats is the most common image format used by digital cameras and other photographic image capture devices, as well as storing and transmitting photographic images on the internet, because JPEG favors smooth gradients and softer images. JPEG commonly used lossy compression, meaning that some original image information is lost and cannot be restored. However, the degree of compression can be adjusted (typically 10:1 compression with little perceptible loss in image quality), allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality.

A JPEG image is automatically decompressed when opened. JPEG format supports CMYK, RGB, and Grayscale color modes, but doesn't support alpha channels. Unlike GIF format, JPEG retains all color information in an RGB image but compresses file size by selectively discarding data. A higher level of JPEG compression results in lower image quality, and vice versa, a lower level of compression results in better image quality.

-GIF (Graphic Interchange Format) GIF is a bitmap image format that was introduced by CompuServe in 1987, compressed using lossless data compression method (LZW-compressed) to minimize file size and electronic transfer time, and commonly used to display indexed-color graphics and images (along with JPEG and PNG formats) in HTML documents over the internet and other online services. GIF format preserves transparency in indexed-color images; however, it does not support alpha channels. Takes advantage of the format's lossless compression which favors flat areas of uniform color with well defined edges, GIF format are suitable for sharp-edged line art with a limited number of colors, such as logos, small animations, and low-resolution film clips. GIF is not usually used as a format for digital photography because the format incapable of reproducing a greater range of color as JPEG (general limitation on the GIF image palette only 256 colors). Controversy over GIF format licensing agreement in 1994 spurred the development of the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) standard; since then all the relevant patents have expired.

4. Common uses of Raster Image Format -When it comes to digital graphics, there are two main types of image formats: raster and vector. Raster images (such as bitmaps) are stored as individual pixels, each with their own color. Vector images (such as flash) are instead stored as simple shapes, lines, and colours that make up the image. Photos are usually stored as raster as they contain so much complex information that trying to store them as vector would be unneccessarily complex.

Logos and graphical designs are usually stored as vector. Vector also has the advantage that it can be resized without loss of quality.

5. Common Bitmap Format.

BMP CALS CPT DCX DjVu Exif FITS FPX GIF HD Photo IMG JFIF JPEG MAC MNG MrSID

Microsoft Windows Device Independent Bitmap Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support Raster Format Corel Photo-Paint DCX DjVu Exchangeable Image File Format Flexible Image Transport System FlashPix Format Graphics Interchange Format HD Photo GEM IMG

.bmp .dib .cal .cpt .dcx .djvu .djv .exf .fits .fpx .gif .hdp .wdp .img

Bitmap Monochrome Bitmap Bitmaps Bitmaps Bitmap Bitmap Bitmap and Astronomical Data Bitmap Bitmaps/Animation Bitmaps Bitmap

Joint Photographic Experts Group .jpeg .jpg .jpe Bitmap File Interchange Format Joint Photographic Experts Group .jpeg .jpg .jpe Bitmap MacPaint Multi-image Network Graphics Multiresolution Seamless Image Database Portable Bitmap Kodak Photo CD ZSoft PCX Portable Gray Map Portable Network Graphics Portable Pixel Map Adobe PSD SCR .mac .mng .sid .bmp .pbm .pcd .pcx .pgm .png .ppm .psd .pic .clp .scr Bitmap Bitmaps/Animation Bitmap Bitmap Monochrome Bitmap Bitmap Bitmap Grayscale Bitmap Bitmap Color Bitmap Bitmaps Bitmap Bitmap

OS/2 BMP OS/2 Bitmap PBM PCD PCX PGM PNG PPM PSD SCR

Pictor PIC Pictor PC Paint

SFW SGI Sun Rasterfile TGA TIFF VICAR WBMP XBM XPM XWD

Seattle FilmWorks Silicon Graphics Image File Format Sun Rasterfile TrueVision TARGA Tag Image File Format Video Image Communication and Retrieval Wireless Bitmap X Window Bitmap X Window PixMap X Window Dump

.sfw

Bitmap

.bw .int .inta Bitmap .rgb .rgba .sgi .ras .rast .scr Bitmap .sr .sun .tga .vst .vda .icb .tpic .tif .vic .img .wbmp .h .h .xwd Bitmap Bitmap Bitmap Monochrome Bitmap MonochromeBitmap/Icon/Cursor Bitmap/Icon/Cursor Bitmap