[ ]

( )

+ + =

=
+ +
+
=
2 sin sin cos
2
1
) ( ) 1 (
) 2 1 ( ) 1 (
2 2
yz
xy
zz
yy
yy
xx nn
yy
xx
yy
zz
yy
xx
zz
yy
xx
zz yy xx xx
E
E
GRAEVINSKI FAKULTET SVEUCLSTA U RJEC
OTPORNOST MATERIJALA
A F =
l
l
l
l l l

=
+
=
) (

A E
l F
l t
T
l

+ =

= E
u
p
=
[ ]

=
zz yz xz
yz yy xy
xz xy xx
ij

[ ] n
ij n
r r
= [ ]

) , cos(
) , cos(
) , cos(
n z
n y
n x
ij
nz
ny
nx

2 2 2
nz ny nx n
+ + =
2 2
n n n
n n
n

=
=
r r

zz yz xz
yz yy xy
xz xy xx

=
s
s
s
z z yz xz
yz s y xy
xz xy s x

0 0
0 0
0 0
) (
3
1
z y x s
+ + =
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1
2
1
2 , 1
4
xy yy xx yy xx
+ + =
yy i
yx
oi

= tg = + 90
02 01
( )
yy xx
xy
o

=
2
2 tg
3 2 1
+ + = + +
zz yy xx 3 2 1

4
0 1

+ =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + + = + + = 2 sin 2 cos 2 sin sin cos
2
1
2
1
2 2
xy yy xx yy xx xy yy xx nn
( ) ( ) ( ) + = 2 cos 2 sin
2
1
xy xx yy nt
( ) ) ( 5 . 0 4
2 1
2 2
2
1
12
= + =
xy yy xx
) ( 5 . 0 ) ( ) ( 5 . 0
2 1 1 2 1
+ = =
MAX
( ) ( )
zz yy xx OKT
+ + = + + =
3
1
3 2 1 3
1
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 3
2
3 2
2
2 1 3
1
+ + =
OKT
2 2
OKT OKT OKT
+ =
t
T
yy
xx
zz
xx
zz
yy
zz
yy
xx E
zz
yy
xx
+

+ = ) (
1
2
1
2
xy xy
xy
E G
xy

= = =
+

zx
yz
xy G
zx
yz
xy
=
2
1
) cos cos cos (
2
2 2
+ + =
z y x d
) 1 ( 2 +
=
E
G
V V t
z y x T E V
= + + = + + + = + + = ) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) 2 1 ( ) (
3 2 1
1
3 2 1

ZAKOVICE
i
i
M
ni
F
n
F
F
n
H
F
V H

= = =
2
2 2
y x
F F R + =
DOP DOP
t d
R
d
x
R

=
4
2
n = BROJ ZAKOVICA X= REZNOST ZAKOVICA
ZAVAR t a
l a x
F
t b
F
DOP
=

= 7 . 0
x=BROJ VAROVA
TORZIJA
p
t
p
T
W
M
I
M
MAX
r = =
32
4
D
I
P

=
r
I
W
p
p
=
16
3
D
W
p

=
l
I G
M
P
t

= ) 1 (
32
4
4 4
D
d D
I
P
=
) 1 (
4
4 3
16
D
d D
P
W =

=
p
t
I
M
z
y
b/ 2 b/ 2
h/ 2
h/ 2
POSUDE TANKIH STIJENKI
)
2 1
(
1
1
=
E h
p
= +
2
2
1
1

KUGLA
= =
2 1
r = =
2 1

h
r p

=
2

=
E r
r 1
h
r p
E
r

=
2
1
2

CLNDRCNA POSODA
= =
2 1
r
h
r p
=
1
h
r p

=
2
2
r
r
E

=
1 1
5 . 0 1

PRSTEN
= =
2 1
r 0
2 1
= =
h
r p
=
h E
r p
r
r
r

=
2
D
D

GEOMETRIJSKE KARAKTERISTIKE PRAVOKUTNIKA

12
3
h b
I
z

=
12
3
b h
I
y

=
6
2
bh
W
z
=
6
2
hb
W
y
=
A
I
i
z
z
=
A
I
i
y
y
=
STEINEROV TEOREM A d I I
VL y Y
+ =
2
,
( d UDALJENOST OD OSI y DO TEITA A)
GLAVNE OSI PRESJEKA
2 2
2
1
2
1
2 , 1
4 ) ( ) (
zy y z y z
I I I I I I + + =
MAX V MIN U y z
MIN V MAX U y z
I I I I I I
I I I I I I
= = <
= = >
( )
y z
zy
I I
I

= 2 2 tg
y z
I I I I + = +
2 1
SAVIJANJE
y
MAX
y
MAX
W
M
z
I
M
xxMAX
= =
b I
S T
y
y z
xz

=
DOP
y
xx
A
N
z
I
M
< =
KOSO SAVIJANJE cos = M M
y
sin = M M
z
DOP I
M
I
M
xx
y z
z
z
y
y
+ = ) (
tg tg =
z
y
I
I
GRAFOANALTCK PARABOLA PARABOLA
2 STUPNJA 3 STUPNJA
I E
M
q

=
I E
T

=
I E
M
w

= b a P = b a P = 5 . 0 b a P =
3
2
2
b a P =
3
1
1
b a P =
4
3
2
b a P =
4
1
1
a x
T
= 5 . 0 a x
T
=
3
1
a x
T
=
8
5
2
a x
T
=
4
3
1
a x
T
=
5
3
2
a x
T
=
5
4
1
ANALTCK
2
2
) ( ) (
) (
dx
x M d
dx
x dT
x q = =
dx
d
EI
x M
=
) (
2
2
) (
dx
w d
EI
x M
=

0 ) ( >
i
a x
CENTAR TORZIJE
A d z y M
A
xy xz x

= ) (

= =
A
xy xz x z
dA z y M e T ) (
z
x
T
M
e =
b I
S T

= ) 5 . 0 ( h S t
t I
T
y
xy

=
[ ] ) 25 . 0 ( 5 . 0 5 . 0
2 2
z h t h b t
t I
T
y
xz
+

= =
b
xy xy
t b ds t T
0
1
5 . 0

=
2
2
2
h
h
dz t T
xz
h T e T
z
=
1
MODANICI
yn
MAX
W f
M
x
=
f=PODATLJIVOST SPOJA
l
I
S T
x
R
yb
yb MAX Z
=
) (
R
x
=HORZONTALNA POSMCNA SLA NA DUZN l
DOP
x
b c
R
o

=
DOP
x
b a
R

=
DOP
x
a l b
R

=
) (
TEORJE CVRSTOCE
DOP E
<
K
E
D

=
D
y
E
E
W
M
< =
1.NAJVECA NORMALNA
a)TROOSNO
DOP E
=
1
b)SAVIJANJE
2 2
4 5 . 0 5 . 0 + + =
E
c)SAVIJANJE I TORZIJA ) ( 5 . 0
2 2
T S S E
M M M M + + =
2.NORMALNE DEFORMACIJE 4.POTENCIJALNA ENERGIJA DEFORMACIJA
a)
DOP E
+ = ) (
3 2 1
a)
DOP E
+ + + + = ) ( 2
1 3 3 2 2 1
2
3
2
2
2
1
b)
2 2
4 ) 1 ( 5 . 0 ) 1 ( 5 . 0 + + + =
E
b)
2 2
) 1 ( 2 + + =
E
c)
2 2
) 1 ( 5 . 0 ) 1 ( 5 . 0
T S S E
M M M M + + + = c)
2 2
) 1 ( 5 . 0
T S E
M M M + + =
3.POSMCNA NAPREZANJA 5. POTENCIJALNA ENERGIJA PROMJENE OBLIKA
a)
DOP E
=
3 1
a) [ ]
DOP E
+ + =
2
1 3
2
3 2
2
2 1
) ( ) ( ) ( 5 . 0
b)
2 2
4 + =
E
b)
2 2
3 + =
E
c)
2 2
T S E
M M M + = c)
2 2
75 . 0
T S E
M M M + =
ENERGIJA

=
l l l l l l
z
z
y
y
T
T z
z
y
y
I E
dx M
I E
dx M
I G
dx M
A G
dx T
k
A G
dx T
k
A E
dx N
U
0 0 0 0 0 0
2
2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
F
U

=
M
U

=
U
F
METODA JEDNCNOG OPTERECENJA

+ +

=

l l
y
yk y
k
k
I E
dx M M
A E
dx N N
0 0
...
i
ki Mi
n
i i
ki Ni
n
i
k
I E
M A
A E
N A
) (
...
) (
1 1

+ +

=

= =

IZVIJANJE
2
2
i
MIN
KR
l
EI
F

=
2
2
i
MIN KR
KR
l A
EI
A
F

= =
A
I
i
MIN
MIN
=
MIN
i
i
l
=
MIN
i
MIN
i
I
l A
i
l
2
2
2
2

= =
p KR
E

=
2
2
p
p
E

=
2
k
KR
DOP

=
EULEROVA HIPERBOLA
2
2

E
KR

=
TETMAYEROV PRAVAC = b a
KR
TEORJA PLASTCNOST
V T pl
S S W + =
T T T
h A S =
V V V
h A S =
V T
A A =
0 = +
U V
W W + = M F W
i
4
2
h b
pl
W

=
pl
W
pl
M
T
=