Network operating system

A networking operating system (NOS), also referred to as the Dialoguer, is the software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions.

Network operating system

The network operating system is designed to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private network or to other networks.

 The most popular network operating systems are Microsoft, and Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, and Novell NetWare.

Characteristics of NOS
Network Operating Systems are based on a client/server architecture in which a server enables multiple clients to share resources. The Network Operating System can also do the following: Centrally manage network resources, such as programs, data and devices. Secure access to a network. Allow remote users to connect to a network. Allow users to connect to other networks like the Internet. Back up data and make sure it's always available. Allow for simple additions of clients and resources. Monitor the status and functionality of network elements. Distribute programs and software updates to clients. Ensure efficient use if a server's capabilities.

Use in Routers
Network Operating Systems (NOS) are embedded in a router or hardware firewall that operates the functions in the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI model. Examples:
JUNOS, used in routers and switches from Juniper Networks, Cisco IOS (formerly "Cisco Internetwork Operating System").