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Budgeting methods: participative, incremental, rolling, zero-based. Behavioural consequences of budgets: motivation, goal congruence, spending to budget, padding the budget, empire building.
1. Finance as a resource Finance costs: interest, dividends, opportunity costs, tax effects. Financial planning: the need to identify shortages and surpluses e.g: cash budgeting, working capital management, implications of failure to finance adequately, overtrading, stock control, cash management.