FCM Speciale: Python, Volume 2

E E NE LE ON AL O CIIA ZII EC AZ PE MA SP MM E S AM NE RA ON GR Z O ROG IIZII RO ED P ED P RIIE RE SE SE
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LA RIVISTA INDIPENDENTE PER LA COMUNIT LINUX UBUNTU
EDIZIONE SPECIALE SERIE PROGRAMMAZIONE
PROGRAMMARE IN PYTHON
VO LU M E 2
" Full Circle Magazine non affiliata n1" sostenuta da Canonical Ltd.
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Cos' Full Circle Full Circle una rivista gratuita e indipendente, dedicata alla famiglia Ubuntu dei sistemi operativi Linux. Ogni mese pubblica utili articoli tecnici e articoli inviati dai lettori.
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LA RIVISTA INDIPENDENTE PER LA COMUNIT LINUX UBUNTU
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Full Circle ha anche un podcast di supporto, il Full Circle Podcast, con gli stessi argomenti della rivista e altre interessanti notizie.
Ecco a voi un altro Speciale monotematico!

Come richiesto dai nostri lettori, stiamo assemblando in edizioni dedicate alcuni degli articoli pubblicati in serie. Quella che avete davanti la ristampa della serie Programmare in Python , parti 9-1 6, pubblicata nei numeri 35-42: niente di speciale, giusto quello che abbiamo gi pubblicato. Vi chiediamo, per, di badare alla data di pubblicazione: le versioni attuali di hardware e software potrebbero essere diverse rispetto ad allora. Controllate il vostro hardware e il vostro software prima di provare quanto descritto nelle guide di queste edizioni speciali. Potreste avere versioni pi recenti del software installato o disponibile nei repository delle vostre distribuzioni.
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Buon divertimento!
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from mutagen.mp3 import MP3

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import os from os.path import join,getsize,exists import sys import apsw
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def MakeDataBase(): pass def S2HMS(t): pass def WalkThePath(musicpath): pass def error(message): pass def main(): pass def usage(): pass
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def error(message): print >> sys.stderr, str(message)
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def usage(): message = ( '==============================================\n' 'mCat - Finds all *.mp3 files in a given folder (and sub-folders),\n' '\tread the id3 tags, and write that information to a SQLite database.\n\n' 'Usage:\n' '\t{0} <foldername>\n' '\t WHERE <foldername> is the path to your MP3 files.\n\n' 'Author: Greg Walters\n' 'For Full Circle Magazine\n' '==============================================\n' ).format(sys.argv[0]) error(message) sys.exit(1)
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def main(): global connection global cursor #---------------------------------------------if len(sys.argv) != 2: usage() else: StartFolder = sys.argv[1] if not exists(StartFolder): # From os.path print('Path {0} does not seem to exist...Exiting.').format(StartFolder) sys.exit(1) else: print('About to work {0} folder(s):').format(StartFolder) # Create the connection and cursor. connection=apsw.Connection("mCat.db3") cursor=connection.cursor() # Make the database if it doesn't exist... MakeDataBase() # Do the actual work... WalkThePath(StartFolder) # Close the cursor and connection... cursor.close() connection.close() # Let us know we are finished... print("FINISHED!")
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<root> <node1>Data Here</node1> <node2 attribute="something">Node 2 data</node2> <node3> <node3sub1>more data</node3sub1> </node3> </root>
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der1.py"
<people> <person> <firstname>Samantha</firstname> <lastname>Pharoh</lastname> <gender>Female</gender> <address>123 Main St.</address> <city>Denver</city> <state>Colorado</state> </person> <person> <firstname>Steve</firstname> <lastname>Levon</lastname> <gender>Male</gender> <address>332120 Arapahoe Blvd.</address> <city>Denver</city> <state>Colorado</state> </person> </people>
Rud#lo#qrvwur# frglfh1#Od#sulpd# frvd#fkh#yrjoldpr# iduh##whvwduh#od# qrvwud#lqvwdood}lrqh# gl#HohphqwWuhh1# hffr#lo#frglfh=

import elementtree.Elemen tTree as ET tree = ET.parse('xmlsampl e1.xml') ET.dump(tree)
<people> <person> <firstname>Samantha</firstname> <lastname>Pharoh</lastname> <gender>Female</gender> <address>123 Main St.</address> <city>Denver</city> <state>Colorado</state> </person> <person> <firstname>Steve</firstname> <lastname>Levon</lastname> <gender>Male</gender> <address>332120 Arapahoe Blvd.</address> <city>Denver</city> <state>Colorado</state> </person> </people>
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import elementtree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse('xmlsample1.xml') person = tree.findall('.//person') for p in person: for dat in p: print "Element: %s Data: %s" %(dat.tag,dat.text)
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/usr/bin/python -u "/home/greg/Documents/articles /xml/reader1.py" Element: firstname - Data: Samantha Element: lastname - Data: Pharoh Element: gender - Data: Female Element: address - Data: 123 Main St. Element: city - Data: Denver Element: state - Data: Colorado Element: firstname - Data: Steve Element: lastname - Data: Levon Element: gender - Data: Male Element: address - Data: 332120 Arapahoe Blvd. Element: city - Data: Denver Element: state - Data: Colorado
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <loc version="1.0" src="NaviCache"> <waypoint> <name id="N02CAC"><![CDATA[Take Goofy Pictures at Grapevine Lake Open Cache: Unrestricted Cache Type: Normal Cache Size: Normal Difficulty: 1.5 Terrain : 2.0]]></name> <coord lat="32.9890166666667" lon="-97.0728833333333" /> <type>Geocache</type> <link text="Cache Details">http://www.navicache.com/cgibin/db/displaycache2.pl?CacheID=11436</link> </waypoint> </loc>
by g_phillips
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import elementtree.ElementTree as ET tree = ET.parse('Cache.loc')
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for w1 in w: if w1.tag == "name":
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<name id="N02CAC"><![CDATA[Take Goofy Pictures at Grapevine Lake by g_phillips Open Cache: Unrestricted Cache Type: Normal Cache Size: Normal Difficulty: 1.5 Terrain : 2.0]]></name>
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newstring = oldstring[startposition:endpos ition]
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if w1.keys(): for name,value in
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w = tree.find('.//waypoint')
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# Get text of cache name up to the phrase "Open Cache: " CacheName = w1.text[:w1.text.find("Open Cache: ")-1] # Get the text between "Open Cache: " and "Cache Type: " OpenCache = w1.text[w1.text.find("Open Cache: ")+12:w1.text.find("Cache Type: ")-1] # More of the same CacheType = w1.text[w1.text.find("Cache Type: ")+12:w1.text.find("Cache Size: ")-1] CacheSize = w1.text[w1.text.find("Cache Size: ")+12:w1.text.find("Difficulty: ")-1] Difficulty= w1.text[w1.text.find("Difficulty: ")+12:w1.text.find("Terrain : ")-1] Terrain = w1.text[w1.text.find("Terrain : ")+12:]
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w1.items(): if name == 'id': CacheID = value
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if w1.keys(): for name, value in w1.items(): Info = value Link = w1.text
print print print print print print print print print print print
"Cache Name: ",CacheName "Cache ID: ",CacheID "Open Cache: ",OpenCache "Cache Type: ",CacheType "Cache Size: ",CacheSize "Difficulty: ", Difficulty "Terrain: ",Terrain "Lat: ",Lat "Lon: ",Lon "GType: ",GType "Link: ",Link
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from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET import urllib import sys import getopt """ w_currents.py Returns current conditions, forecast and alerts for a given zipcode from WeatherUnderground.com. Usage: python wonderground.py [options] Options: -h, --help Show this help -l, --location City,State to use -z, --zip Zipcode to use as location Examples: w_currents.py -h (shows this help information) w_currents.py -z 80013 (uses the zip code 80013 as location) """
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class CurrentInfo: """ This routine retrieves the current condition xml data from WeatherUnderground.com based off of the zip code or Airport Code... currently tested only with Zip Code and Airport code For location, if zip code use something like 80013 (no quotes) if airport use something like "KDEN" (use double-quotes) if city/state (US) use something like "Aurora,%20CO" or Aurora,CO (use double-quotes) if city/country, use something like "London,%20England" (use double-quotes) """ def getCurrents(self,debuglevel,Location): pass def output(self): pass def DoIt(self,Location): pass #========================================= # END OF CLASS CurrentInfo() #=========================================
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def DoIt(self,Location): self.getCurrents(1,Location) self.output() def usage(): print __doc__ def main(argv): location = 80013 try: opts, args = getopt.getopt(argv, "hz:l:", ["help=", "zip=", "location="]) except getopt.GetoptError: usage() sys.exit(2) for opt, arg in opts: if opt in ("-h", "--help"): usage() sys.exit() elif opt in ("-l", "--location"): location = arg elif opt in ("-z", "--zip"): location = arg print "Location = %s" % location currents = CurrentInfo() currents.DoIt(location) #============================================ # Main loop #============================================ if __name__ == "__main__": main(sys.argv[1:])
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def getCurrents(self,debuglevel,Location): if debuglevel > 0: print "Location = %s" % Location try: CurrentConditions = 'http://api.wunderground.com/auto/wui/geo/WXCurrentObXML /index.xml?query=%s' % Location urllib.socket.setdefaulttimeout(8) usock = urllib.urlopen(CurrentConditions) tree = ET.parse(usock) usock.close() except: print 'ERROR - Current Conditions - Could not get information from server...' if debuglevel > 0: print Location sys.exit(2) # Get Display Location for loc in tree.findall("//full"): self.location = loc.text # Get Observation time for tim in tree.findall("//observation_time"): self.obtime = tim.text # Get Current conditions for weather in tree.findall("//weather"): self.we = weather.text # Get Temp for TempF in tree.findall("//temperature_string"): self.tmpB = TempF.text #Get Humidity for hum in tree.findall("//relative_humidity"): self.relhum = hum.text # Get Wind info for windstring in tree.findall("//wind_string"): self.winds = windstring.text # Get Barometric Pressure for pressure in tree.findall("//pressure_string"): self.baroB = pressure.text
<display_location> <full>Aurora, CO</full> <city>Aurora</city> <state>CO</state> <state_name>Colorado</state_name> <country>US</country> <country_iso3166>US</country_iso3166> <zip>80013</zip> <latitude>39.65906525</latitude> <longitude>-104.78105927</longitude> <elevation>1706.00000000 ft</elevation> </display_location>
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def output(self): print 'Weather Information From Wunderground.com' print 'Weather info for %s ' % self.location print self.obtime print 'Current Weather - %s' % self.we print 'Current Temp - %s' % self.tmpB print 'Barometric Pressure - %s' % self.baroB print 'Relative Humidity - %s' % self.relhum print 'Winds %s' % self.winds
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Location = 80013 Weather Information From Wunderground.com Weather info for Aurora, Colorado Last Updated on May 3, 11:55 AM MDT Current Weather - Partly Cloudy Current Temp - 57 F (14 C) Barometric Pressure - 29.92 in (1013 mb) Relative Humidity - 25% Winds From the WNW at 10 MPH Script terminated.
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Scritto da Greg Walters
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per le prossime 24 ore. Non ricordo di aver visto mai un valore Dopo l'elemento precursore inferiore a 2. Per ciascuna txt_forecast abbiamo la data, un previsione nelle 24 ore elemento "number", quindi un (<forecastday>), avrete un elemento chiamato forecastday <period> numerico, opzioni che ha a sua volta dei figli che includono period, icon, icons, title multiple per le icone, un'opzione e qualcosa chiamato fcttext... e a per il titolo ("Today", "Tonight", "Tomorrow") ed il testo riassuntivo seguire una ripetizione dello della previsione. Questa stesso. La prima cosa che un'anteprima rapida della noterete in txt_forecast che la data non una data ma un valore previsione, di solito per le temporale. Si tratta del momento successive 12 ore. in cui stata fatta la previsione. Prima di iniziare a lavorare con L'etichetta <number> mostra il nostro codice dovremmo dare quante previsioni sono presenti
<txt_forecast> <date>3:31 PM MDT</date> <number>2</number> <forecastday> <period>1</period> <icon>nt_cloudy</icon> +<icons></icons> <title>Tonight</title> <fcttext> Mostly cloudy with a 20 percent chance of thunderstorms in the evening...then partly cloudy after midnight. Lows in the mid 40s. Southeast winds 10 to 15 mph shifting to the south after midnight. </fcttext> </forecastday> +<forecastday></forecastday> </txt_forecast>
VEDI ANCHE: VALIDO PER: CATEGORIE :
FCM#27-37 - Python Parti 1 - 11
web per le condizioni attuali, ce ne uno per le previsioni. Ecco il link alla pagina delle previsioni XML: http://api.wunderground.com/auto /wui/geo/ForecastXML/index.xml?q uery=80013 Come al solito, sostituite '80013' con la vostra Citt/Paese, Citt/Stato o codice postale. Probabilmente otterrete circa 600 righe di codice XML. C' un elemento root chiamato 'forecast' e quindi quattro sotto elementi: 'termsofservice', 'txt_forecast', 'simpleforecast' and 'moon_phase'. Ci concentreremo su 'txt_forecast' e 'simpleforecast'. Poich l'ultima volta abbiamo gi trattato delle sezioni usage, main e "if__name__", quelle le lascer affrontare a voi e ci focalizzeremo sulle chicche di cui abbiamo bisogno questa volta. Poich vi ho mostrato una porzione di txt_forecast, iniziamo da qui. In basso mostrata una piccola porzione di txt_forecast per la mia zona.
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ell'ultima sessione, abbiamo trattato l'API di wunderground e scritto un po' di codice per ricavare le condizioni attuali. Questa volta ci occuperemo della parte delle API riguardante le previsioni. Se non avete avuto modo di dare un'occhiata alle ultime due puntate su XML, ed in particolare l'ultima, dovreste farlo prima di procedere ulteriormente. Cos come esiste un indirizzo
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SURJUDPPDUH LQ S\WKRQ 0 SDUWH 45 un'occhiata alla porzione _init_ per impostare e pulire le <simpleforecast> del file xml che variabili necessarie, come mostrato a destra. mostrato in alto a destra nella pagina seguente. C' un'etichetta <forecastday> per ciascun giorno del periodo di Se non vi interessa supportare previsione, di solito 6 giorni sia Fahrenheit che Celsius, incluso quello attuale. Avete escludete la viariabile che non vi informazioni sulla data in vari interessa. Io ho deciso di tenerle formati (io personalmente entrambe. preferisco l'etichetta <pretty>), temperature massime e minime A seguire, creeremo la nostra previste sia in Fahrenheit che routine principale per recuperare i Celsius, proiezione delle condizioni dati della previsione. mostrata generali, varie icone, una icona in basso a destra nella pagina del cielo (condizioni del cielo alla successiva. stazione di riferimento), e "pop" che sta per "Probabilit di molto simile alla routine della Precipitazione". L'etichetta volta scorsa per le condizioni <moon_phase> fornisce alcune attuali. La differenza principale informazioni interessanti come (finora) l'URL utilizzato. Ora le alba, tramonto e fasi lunari. cose cambiano. Dato che abbiamo figli multipli con la stessa Ora ci addentriamo nel codice. etichetta all'interno del genitore Ecco la sezione degli import: dobbiamo modificare in parte le nostre chiamate all'analizzatore. Il from xml.etree import codice mostrato in alto a sinistra ElementTree as ET nella pagina seguente.
import urllib import sys import getopt
Dobbiamo ora creare la nostra classe. Creeremo una routine
Notate come questa volta si stia usando tree.find, ed i cicli per scorrere i dati. un peccato che Python non fornisca un costrutto SELECT/CASE come in altri linguaggi. La routine IF/ELIF,
<simpleforecast> <forecastday> <period>1</period> <date> <epoch>1275706825</epoch> <pretty_short>9:00 PM MDT</pretty_short> <pretty>9:00 PM MDT on June 04, 2010</pretty> <day>4</day> <month>6</month> <year>2010</year> <yday>154</yday> <hour>21</hour> <min>00</min> <sec>25</sec> <isdst>1</isdst> <monthname>June</monthname> <weekday_short/> <weekday>Friday</weekday> <ampm>PM</ampm> <tz_short>MDT</tz_short> <tz_long>America/Denver</tz_long> </date> <high> <fahrenheit>92</fahrenheit> <celsius>33</celsius> </high> <low> <fahrenheit>58</fahrenheit> <celsius>14</celsius> </low> <conditions>Partly Cloudy</conditions> <icon>partlycloudy</icon> +<icons> <skyicon>partlycloudy</skyicon> <pop>10</pop> </forecastday> ... </simpleforecast>
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SURJUDPPDUH LQ S\WKRQ 0 SDUWH 45

class ForecastInfo: def __init__(self): self.forecastText = [] # Today/tonight forecast information self.Title = [] # Today/tonight self.date = '' self.icon = [] # Icon to use for conditions today/tonight self.periods = 0 self.period = 0 #============================================== # Extended forecast information #============================================== self.extIcon = [] # Icon to use for extended forecast self.extDay = [] # Day text for this forecast ("Monday", "Tuesday" etc) self.extHigh = [] # High Temp. (F) self.extHighC = [] # High Temp. (C) self.extLow = [] # Low Temp. (F) self.extLowC = [] # Low Temp. (C) self.extConditions = [] # Conditions text self.extPeriod = [] # Numerical Period information (counter) self.extpop = [] # Percent chance Of Precipitation
#================================= # Get the forecast for today and (if available) tonight #================================= fcst = tree.find('.//txt_forecast') for f in fcst: if f.tag == 'number': self.periods = f.text elif f.tag == 'date': self.date = f.text for subelement in f: if subelement.tag == 'period': self.period=int(subelement.text) if subelement.tag == 'fcttext': self.forecastText.append(subelement.text) elif subelement.tag == 'icon': self.icon.append( subelement.text) elif subelement.tag == 'title': self.Title.append(subelement.text)
def GetForecastData(self,location): try: forecastdata = 'http://api.wunderground.com/auto/wui/geo/ForecastXML/index.xml?query=%s' % location urllib.socket.setdefaulttimeout(8) usock = urllib.urlopen(forecastdata) tree = ET.parse(usock) usock.close() except: print 'ERROR - Forecast - Could not get information from server...' sys.exit(2)
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SURJUDPPDUH LQ S\WKRQ 0 SDUWH 45 pagina seguente. comunque, funziona a dovere, solo un po' pi arzigogolata. Ora Ancora, se non volete mostrare analizziamo il codice. Assegnamo le informazioni sia in Centigradi la variabile fcst ad ogni cosa che in Fahrenheit, modificate il all'interno dell'etichetta <txt_forecast> che cos includer codice per mostrare quello che tutti i dati per quel gruppo. Quindi volete. Per finire abbiamo la cerchiamo le etichette <date> e routine "DoIt": <number> dato che sono def semplici etichette di "primo livello" e carichiamo i dati nelle DoIt(self,Location,US,IncludeTo day,Output): nostre variabili. Ora le cose si fanno un po' pi difficili. Guardate al nostro esempio xml di risposta. self.GetForecastData(Location) Ci sono due istanze di <forecastday>. Sotto self.output(US,IncludeToday,Out put) <forecastday> ci sono i sottoelementi <period>, <icon>, Ora possiamo chiamare la <icons>, <title> e <fcttext>. Li passeremo in rassegna ed ancora routine come segue: utilizziamo l'istruzione IF per forecast = ForecastInfo() caricarli nelle nostre variabili.
Ora dobbiamo dare un'occhiata forecast.DoIt('80013',1,0,0) # Insert your own postal code ai dati sulle previsioni estese per i successivi X giorni. Questo tutto per ora. Lascio il Fondamentalmente ricorriamo allo codice per i controlli a voi, se stesso metodo usato per volete cimentarvi. assegnare le nostre variabili; questo mostrato in alto a destra. Ecco il codice eseguibile completo: Adesso dobbiamo creare la http://pastebin.com/wsSXMXQx nostra routine per l'output. Come abbiamo fatto l'ultima volta, sar Divertitevi fino alla abbastanza generico. Il codice per prossima volta. fare ci mostrato a destra nella
#================================= # Now get the extended forecast #================================= fcst = tree.find('.//simpleforecast') for f in fcst: for subelement in f: if subelement.tag == 'period': self.extPeriod.append(subelement.text) elif subelement.tag == 'conditions': self.extConditions.append(subelement.text) elif subelement.tag == 'icon': self.extIcon.append(subelement.text) elif subelement.tag == 'pop': self.extpop.append(subelement.text) elif subelement.tag == 'date': for child in subelement.getchildren(): if child.tag == 'weekday': self.extDay.append(child.text) elif subelement.tag == 'high': for child in subelement.getchildren(): if child.tag == 'fahrenheit': self.extHigh.append(child.text) if child.tag == 'celsius': self.extHighC.append(child.text) elif subelement.tag == 'low': for child in subelement.getchildren(): if child.tag == 'fahrenheit': self.extLow.append(child.text) if child.tag == 'celsius': self.extLowC.append(child.text)
Greg Walters il proprietario
della RainyDay Solutions, LLC, una societ di consulenza in Aurora, Colorado e programma dal 1972. Ama cucinare, fare escursioni, ascoltare musica e passare il tempo con la sua famiglia.
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def output(self,US,IncludeToday,Output): # US takes 0,1 or 2 # 0 = Centigrade # 1 = Fahrenheit # 2 = both (if available) # Now print it all if Output == 0: for c in range(int(self.period)): if c <> 1: print '-------------------------------' print 'Forecast for %s' % self.Title[c].lower() print 'Forecast = %s' % self.forecastText[c] print 'ICON=%s' % self.icon[c] print '-----------------------------------' print 'Extended Forecast...' if IncludeToday == 1: startRange = 0 else: startRange = 1 for c in range(startRange,6): print self.extDay[c] if US == 0: #Centigrade information print '\tHigh - %s(C)' % self.extHigh[c] print '\tLow - %s(C)' % self.extLow[c] elif US == 1: #Fahrenheit information print '\tHigh - %s(F)' % self.extHigh[c] print '\tLow - %s(F)' % self.extLow[c] else: #US == 2 both(if available) print '\tHigh - %s' % self.extHigh[c] print '\tLow - %s' % self.extLow[c] if int(self.extpop[c]) == 0: print '\tConditions - %s.' % self.extConditions[c] else: print '\tConditions - %s. %d%% chance of precipitation.' % (self.extConditions[c],int(self.extpop[c]))
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Il Podcast di Full Circle tornato e migliore che mai! Gli argomenti nell'episodio otto includono: News - sviluppo di Maverick Intervista a Lubuntu Giochi - Ed recensisce Osmos Feedback ...e tutto il solito umorismo.
I c on d u ttori :
Robin Catling Ed Hewitt Dave Wilkins

Il podcast e le relative note li trovate su: http: //fullcirclemagazine.org/
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#!/usr/bin/env python # CursesExample2 import curses #========================================================== # MAIN LOOP #========================================================== try: myscreen = curses.initscr() myscreen.clear() myscreen.addstr(0,0,"0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7") myscreen.addstr(1,0,"12345678901234567890123456789012345678901 234567890123456789012345678901234567890") myscreen.addstr(10,0,"10") myscreen.addstr(20,0,"20") myscreen.addstr(23,0, "23 - Press Any Key to Continue") myscreen.refresh() myscreen.getch() finally: curses.endwin() #!/usr/bin/env python #------------------------------# Curses Programming Template #------------------------------import curses def InitScreen(Border): if Border == 1: myscreen.border(0) #========================================================== # MAIN LOOP #========================================================== myscreen = curses.initscr() InitScreen(1) try: myscreen.refresh() # Your Code Stuff Here... myscreen.addstr(1,1, "Press Any Key to Continue") myscreen.getch() finally: curses.endwin()
=================================================== RECIPE DATABASE =================================================== 1 - Show All Recipes 2 - Search for a recipe 3 - Show a Recipe 4 - Delete a recipe 5 - Add a recipe 6 - Print a recipe 0 - Exit =================================================== Enter a selection ->
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curses.initscreen LogicLoop ShowMainMenu MainInKey While Key != 0: If Key == 1: ShowAllRecipesMenu Inkey1 ShowMainMenu If Key == 2: SearchForARecipeMenu InKey2 ShowMainMenu If Key == 3: ShowARecipeMenu InKey3 ShowMainMenu # And curses.endwin()
# Show the main menu # This is our main input handling routine # Show the All Recipes Menu # Do the input routines for this # Show the main menu # Show the Search for a Recipe Menu # Do the input routines for this option # Show the main menu again # Show the Show a recipe menu routine # Do the input routine for this routine # Show the main menu again so on and so on # Restore the terminal
def DoMainMenu(): myscreen.erase() myscreen.addstr(1,1, "========================================") myscreen.addstr(2,1, " Recipe Database") myscreen.addstr(3,1, "========================================") myscreen.addstr(4,1, " 1 - Show All Recipes") myscreen.addstr(5,1, " 2 - Search for a recipe") myscreen.addstr(6,1, " 3 - Show a recipe") myscreen.addstr(7,1, " 4 - Delete a recipe") myscreen.addstr(8,1, " 5 - Add a recipe") myscreen.addstr(9,1, " 6 - Print a recipe") myscreen.addstr(10,1, " 0 - Exit") myscreen.addstr(11,1, "========================================") myscreen.addstr(12,1, " Enter a selection: ") myscreen.refresh()
# MAIN LOOP try: myscreen = curses.initscr() LogicLoop() finally: curses.endwin()
def LogicLoop(): DoMainMenu() MainInKey()
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def MainInKey(): key = 'X' while key != ord('0'): key = myscreen.getch(12,22) myscreen.addch(12,22,key) if key == ord('1'): ShowAllRecipesMenu() DoMainMenu() elif key == ord('2'): SearchForARecipeMenu() InKey2() DoMainMenu() elif key == ord('3'): ShowARecipeMenu() DoMainMenu() elif key == ord('4'): NotReady("'Delete A Recipe'") DoMainMenu() elif key == ord('5'): NotReady("'Add A Recipe'") DoMainMenu() elif key == ord('6'): NotReady("'Print A Recipe'") DoMainMenu() myscreen.refresh()
def SearchForARecipeMenu(): myscreen.addstr(4,1, "-------------------------------") myscreen.addstr(5,1, " Search in") myscreen.addstr(6,1, "-------------------------------") myscreen.addstr(7,1, " 1 - Recipe Name") myscreen.addstr(8,1, " 2 - Recipe Source") myscreen.addstr(9,1, " 3 - Ingredients") myscreen.addstr(10,1," 0 - Exit") myscreen.addstr(11,1,"Enter Search Type -> ") myscreen.refresh() def InKey2(): key = 'X' doloop = 1 while doloop == 1: key = myscreen.getch(11,22) myscreen.addch(11,22,key) tmpstr = "Enter text to search in " if key == ord('1'): sstr = "'Recipe Name' for -> " tmpstr = tmpstr + sstr retstring = GetSearchLine(13,1,tmpstr) break elif key == ord('2'): sstr = "'Recipe Source' for -> " tmpstr = tmpstr + sstr retstring = GetSearchLine(13,1,tmpstr) break elif key == ord('3'): sstr = "'Ingredients' for -> " tmpstr = tmpstr + sstr retstring = GetSearchLine(13,1,tmpstr) break else: retstring = "" break if retstring != "": myscreen.addstr(15,1,"You entered - " + retstring) else: myscreen.addstr(15,1,"You entered a blank string") myscreen.refresh() myscreen.addstr(20,1,"Press a key") myscreen.getch() def GetSearchLine(row,col,strng): myscreen.addstr(row,col,strng) myscreen.refresh() instring = myscreen.getstr(row,len(strng)+1) myscreen.addstr(row,len(strng)+1,instring) myscreen.refresh() return instring
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import curses try: myscreen = curses.initscr() curses.start_color() curses.init_pair(1, curses.COLOR_BLACK, curses.COLOR_GREEN) curses.init_pair(2, curses.COLOR_BLUE, curses.COLOR_WHITE) curses.init_pair(3, curses.COLOR_MAGENTA,curses.COLOR_BLACK) myscreen.clear() myscreen.addstr(3,1," This is a test ",curses.color_pair(1)) myscreen.addstr(4,1," This is a test ",curses.color_pair(2)) myscreen.addstr(5,1," This is a test ",curses.color_pair(3)) myscreen.refresh() myscreen.getch() finally: curses.endwin()
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import curses def main(stdscreen): curses.init_pair(1, curses.COLOR_BLACK, curses.COLOR_GREEN) curses.init_pair(2, curses.COLOR_BLUE, curses.COLOR_WHITE) curses.init_pair(3, curses.COLOR_MAGENTA,curses.COLOR_BLACK) stdscreen.clear() stdscreen.addstr(3,1," This is a test ",curses.color_pair(1)) stdscreen.addstr(4,1," This is a test ",curses.color_pair(2)) stdscreen.addstr(5,1," This is a test ",curses.color_pair(3)) stdscreen.refresh() stdscreen.getch() curses.wrapper(main)
import curses import random class Game1(): def __init__(self): pass def main(self,stdscr): curses.init_pair(1, curses.COLOR_GREEN) curses.init_pair(2, curses.COLOR_BLACK) curses.init_pair(3, curses.COLOR_BLUE) curses.init_pair(4, curses.COLOR_BLUE) curses.init_pair(5, curses.COLOR_RED)
curses.COLOR_BLACK, curses.COLOR_BLUE, curses.COLOR_YELLOW, curses.COLOR_GREEN, curses.COLOR_BLACK,
def StartUp(self): curses.wrapper(self.main) g = Game1() g.StartUp()
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# Line Specific Stuff self.GunLine = 22 self.GunPosition = 39 self.LetterLine = 2 self.ScoreLine = 1 self.ScorePosition = 50 self.LivesPosition = 65 #Row where our gun lives #Where the gun starts on GunLine #Where our letter runs right to left #Where we are going to display the score #Where the score column is #Where the lives column is
# Letter Specific Stuff self.CurrentLetter = "A" #A dummy Holder Variable self.CurrentLetterPosition = 78 #Where the letter will start on the LetterLine self.DropPosition = 10 #A dummy Holder Variable self.DroppingLetter = 0 #Flag - Is the letter dropping? self.CurrentLetterLine = 3 #A dummy Holder Variable self.LetterWaitCount = 15 #How many times should we loop before actually working? # Bullet Specific Stuff self.Shooting = 0 #Flag - Is the gun shooting? self.BulletRow = self.GunLine - 1 self.BulletColumn = self.GunPosition # Other Stuff self.LoopCount = 0 self.GameScore = 0 self.Lives = 3 self.CurrentColor = 1 self.DecScoreOnMiss = 0 #How many loops have we done in MoveLetter #Current Game Score #Default number of lives #A dummy Holder Variable #Set to 1 if you want to decrement the #score every time the letter hits the #bottom row
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def CheckKeys(self,scrn,keyin): pass def CheckForHit(self,scrn): pass
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IF we have waited the correct number of loops THEN Reset the loop counter IF we are moving to the left of the screen THEN Delete the character at the the current row,column. Sleep for 50 milliseconds IF the current column is greater than 2 THEN Decrement the current column Set the character at the current row,column IF the current column is at the random column to drop to the bottom THEN Set the DroppingLetter flag to 1 ELSE Delete the character at the current row,column Sleep for 50 milliseconds IF the current row is less than the line the gun is on THEN Increment the current row Set the character at the current row,column ELSE IF Explode (which includes decrementing the score if you wish) and check to see if we continue. Pick a new letter and position and start everything over again. ELSE Increment the loopcounter Refresh the screen.
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def Explode(self,scrn): pass def ResetForNew(self): self.CurrentLetterLine = self.LetterLine self.CurrentLetterPosition = 78 self.DroppingLetter = 0 self.PickALetter() self.PickDropPoint() def PickALetter(self): random.seed() char = random.randint(65,90) self.CurrentLetter = chr(char) def PickDropPoint(self): random.seed() self.DropPosition = random.randint(3,78)
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def GameLoop(self,scrn): test = 1 #Set the loop while test == 1: curses.napms(20) self.MoveLetter(scrn) keyin = scrn.getch(self.ScoreLine,self.ScorePosition) if keyin == ord('Q') or keyin == 27: or <Esc> break else: self.CheckKeys(scrn,keyin) self.PrintScore(scrn) if self.Lives == 0: break curses.flushinp() scrn.clear()
# 'Q'
def NewGame(self,scrn): self.GunChar = curses.ACS_SSBS scrn.addch(self.GunLine,self.GunPosition,self.GunChar,cu rses.color_pair(2) | curses.A_BOLD) scrn.nodelay(1) #Don't wait for a keystroke...just cache it. self.ResetForNew() self.GameScore = 0 self.Lives = 3 self.PrintScore(scrn) scrn.move(self.ScoreLine,self.ScorePosition)
stdscr.addstr(11,28,"Welcome to Letter Attack") stdscr.addstr(13,28,"Press a key to begin....") stdscr.getch() stdscr.clear() PlayLoop = 1 while PlayLoop == 1: self.NewGame(stdscr) self.GameLoop(stdscr) stdscr.nodelay(0) curses.flushinp() stdscr.addstr(12,35,"Game Over") stdscr.addstr(14,23,"Do you want to play again? (Y/N)") keyin = stdscr.getch(14,56) if keyin == ord("N") or keyin == ord("n"): break else: stdscr.clear()
def PrintScore(self,scrn): scrn.addstr(self.ScoreLine,self.ScorePosition,"SCORE: %d" % self.GameScore) scrn.addstr(self.ScoreLine,self.LivesPosition,"LIVES: %d" % self.Lives)
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def MoveGun(self,scrn,direction): scrn.addch(self.GunLine,self.GunPosition," ") if direction == 0: # left if self.GunPosition > 0: self.GunPosition -= 1 elif direction == 1: # right if self.GunPosition < 79: self.GunPosition += 1 scrn.addch(self.GunLine,self.GunPosition,self.GunChar,cur ses.color_pair(2) | curses.A_BOLD)
if keyin == 260: # left arrow - NOT on keypad self.MoveGun(scrn,0) curses.flushinp() #Flush out the input buffer for safety. elif keyin == 261: # right arrow - NOT on keypad self.MoveGun(scrn,1) curses.flushinp() #Flush out the input buffer for safety. elif keyin == 52: # left arrow ON keypad self.MoveGun(scrn,0) curses.flushinp() #Flush out the input buffer for safety. elif keyin == 54: # right arrow ON keypad self.MoveGun(scrn,1) curses.flushinp() #Flush out the input buffer for safety. elif keyin == 32: #space if self.Shooting == 0: self.Shooting = 1 self.BulletColumn = self.GunPosition scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn,"|") curses.flushinp() #Flush out the input buffer for safety. def MoveBullet(self,scrn): scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn," ") if self.BulletRow > self.LetterLine: self.CheckForHit(scrn) self.BulletRow -= 1
scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn,"|") else: self.CheckForHit(scrn) scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn," ") self.BulletRow = self.GunLine - 1 self.Shooting = 0
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def CheckForHit(self,scrn): if self.Shooting == 1: if self.BulletRow == self.CurrentLetterLine: if self.BulletColumn == self.CurrentLetterPosition: scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn," ") self.ExplodeBullet(scrn) self.GameScore +=1 self.ResetForNew() def ExplodeBullet(self,scrn): scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn,"X",curses.color_pair(5)) scrn.refresh() curses.napms(200) scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn,"|",curses.color_pair(5)) scrn.refresh() curses.napms(200) scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn,"-",curses.color_pair(5)) scrn.refresh() curses.napms(200) scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn,".",curses.color_pair(5)) scrn.refresh() curses.napms(200) scrn.addch(self.BulletRow,self.BulletColumn," ",curses.color_pair(5)) scrn.refresh() curses.napms(200) scrn.addch(self.CurrentLetterLine,self.CurrentLetterPosition,"X",curses.color_pair(5)) curses.napms(100) scrn.refresh() scrn.addch(self.CurrentLetterLine,self.CurrentLetterPosition,"|",curses.color_pair(5)) curses.napms(100) scrn.refresh() scrn.addch(self.CurrentLetterLine,self.CurrentLetterPosition,"-",curses.color_pair(5)) curses.napms(100) scrn.refresh() scrn.addch(self.CurrentLetterLine,self.CurrentLetterPosition,".",curses.color_pair(5)) curses.napms(100) scrn.refresh() scrn.addch(self.CurrentLetterLine,self.CurrentLetterPosition," ") scrn.addch(self.GunLine,self.GunPosition,self.GunChar,curses.color_pair(2) | curses.A_BOLD) scrn.refresh()
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#This is the Import import pygame from pygame.locals import * import os # This will make our game window centered in the screen os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_CENTERED'] = '1' # Initialize pygame pygame.init() #setup the screen screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) # Set the caption (title bar of the window) pygame.display.set_caption('Pygame Test #1') # display the screen and wait for an event doloop = 1 while doloop: if pygame.event.wait().type in (KEYDOWN, MOUSEBUTTONDOWN): break
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import pygame from pygame.locals import * import os Background = 208, 202, 104
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FontForeground = 255,255,255 # White
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screen.fill(Background) pygame.display.update()
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# This will make our game window centered in the screen os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_CENTERED'] = '1' # Initialize pygame pygame.init() # Setup the screen screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) # Set the caption (title bar of the window) pygame.display.set_caption('Pygame Test #1') screen.fill(Background) pygame.display.update() # Our Loop doloop = 1 while doloop: if pygame.event.wait().type in (KEYDOWN, MOUSEBUTTONDOWN): break
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textRect.centerx = screen.get_rect().centerx textRect.centery = screen.get_rect().centery
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import pygame from pygame.locals import * import os print pygame.font.match_font('Courie r New')
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import pygame from pygame.locals import * import os Background = 0,255,127 os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_CENTERED'] = '1' pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption('Pygame Example #4 - Sprite') screen.fill(Background)
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courier = pygame.font.match_font('Courie r New') font = pygame.font.Font(courier,27)
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class Sprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def __init__(self, position): pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) # Save a copy of the screen's rectangle self.screen = pygame.display.get_surface().get_rect() # Create a variable to store the previous position of the sprite self.oldsprite = (0, 0, 0, 0) self.image = pygame.image.load('stick3.png') self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.rect.x = position[0] self.rect.y = position[1] def update(self, amount): # Make a copy of the current rectangle for use in erasing self.oldsprite = self.rect # Move the rectangle by the specified amount self.rect = self.rect.move(amount) # Check to see if we are off the screen if self.rect.x < 0: self.rect.x = 0 elif self.rect.x > (self.screen.width - self.rect.width): self.rect.x = self.screen.width - self.rect.width if self.rect.y < 0: self.rect.y = 0 elif self.rect.y > (self.screen.height - self.rect.height): self.rect.y = self.screen.height - self.rect.height
44

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character = Sprite((screen.get_rect().x, screen.get_rect().y)) screen.blit(character.image, character.rect) # Create a Surface the size of our character blank = pygame.Surface((character.rect.width, character.rect.height)) blank.fill(Background) pygame.display.update() DoLoop = 1 while DoLoop: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit() # Check for movement elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: character.update([-10, 0]) elif event.key == pygame.K_UP: character.update([0, -10]) elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: character.update([10, 0]) elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: character.update([0, 10]) elif event.key == pygame.K_q: DoLoop = 0 # Erase the old position by putting our blank Surface on it screen.blit(blank, character.oldsprite) # Draw the new position screen.blit(character.image, character.rect) # Update ONLY the modified areas of the screen pygame.display.update([character.oldsprite, character.rect])
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Scritto da Greg Walters
HOW0TO
Forza, iniziamo.
Programmare in Python 0 Parte 16

print ("This is a test")
empo fa promisi a qualcuno che avrei trattato le differenze tra Python 2.x e 3.x. La volta scorsa dissi che avremmo continuato la programmazione con pygame ma sento che dovrei mantenere la mia promessa cos approfondiremo di pi pygame la prossima volta. In Python 3.x sono stati fatti molti cambiamenti. Sul web c' una gran quantit di informazioni riguardo questi mutamenti e alla fine dell'articolo includer alcuni collegamenti. Vi sono anche molte preoccupazioni relativamente al fare il cambiamento. Mi concentrer sulle variazioni che riguardano le cose che avete imparato finora.
PRINT
Come ho detto prima uno degli argomenti pi importanti il modo in cui affrontiamo il comando print. Con la versione 2.x possiamo usare semplicemente:
print "This is a test"
Non un cambiamento molto grande ma qualcosa di cui dobbiamo essere consapevoli. Potete prepararvi alla migrazione utilizzando questa sintassi sotto Python 2.x.
>>> print "This is a test" File "<stdin>", line 1 print "This is a test" ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>>
Formattazione e sostituzione di variabile
di formattazione '%s' e '%d' spariranno. Il nuovo modo, mostrato sotto, usare le dichiarazioni di sostituzione '{x}'. In effetti mi sembra essere pi facile da leggere. Potete anche fare cose come questa:
>>> print ("Hello {0}. I'm glad you are here at {1}.format("Fred","MySite.com ")) Hello Fred. I'm glad you are here at MySite.com >>>
e cos sar fatto. Tuttavia, con la Anche la formattazione e la 3.x, se ci proviamo otterremo il sostituzione di variabile sono messaggio di errore mostrato sopra cambiate. Con la versione 2.x a destra. abbiamo usato cose simili all'esempio mostrato sotto a Non bello. Per usare il sinistra e, con la versione 3.1, comando print dobbiamo mettere potete ottenere il giusto risultato. ci che vogliamo stampare tra Comunque ci dovuto al parentesi tonde cos: cambiamento dato che le funzioni
>>> months = ['Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep','Oct','Nov','Dec'] >>> print "You selected month %s" % months[3] You selected month Apr >>> VECCHIO METODO
Ricordate, potete ancora usare '%s' e cos via ma essi spariranno.
Numeri
>>> months = ['Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep','Oct','Nov','Dec'] >>> print("You selected month {0}".format(months[3])) You selected month Apr >>> NUOVO METODO
Sotto Python 2.x, se facevate:

x = 5/2.0
x avrebbe contenuto 2.5. Tuttavia se aveste fatto:

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full circle magazine #42
PROGRAMMARE IN PYTHON 0 PARTE 16

x = 5/2
x avrebbe contenuto 2 grazie al troncamento. Sotto la versione 3.x se fate:

x = 5/2
response = input ('Enter a selection -> ')
e funziona proprio bene.
ottenete ancora 2.5. Per troncare la divisione dovete fare:

x = 5//2
Non uguale
Sotto la versione 2.x avremmo potuto fare un test di "non uguaglianza" con "<>". Tuttavia ci non consentito nella versione 3.x. L'operatore di prova adesso "!=".
Input
Un po' di tempo fa abbiamo avuto a che fare con un sistema di men che usava raw_input() per ottenere una risposta dall'utente della nostra applicazione. Qualcosa che andava cos:
response = raw_input('Enter a selection -> ')
Convertire i programmi pi vecchi in Python 3.x
Python 3.x +======================================+ arriva con una | Item 1 3.00 | utility che aiuta a | Item 2 15.00 | convertire +--------------------------------------+ un'applicazione 2.x | Total 18.00 | in codice conforme +======================================+ Script terminated. alla versione 3.x. Non funziona sempre ma vi ci porter vicini in Quando viene eseguito sotto la molti casi. Lo strumento di conversione viene chiamato "2to3". versione 2.x, l'output simile a quello mostrato sopra a destra. Prendiamo come esempio un programma davvero semplice. Naturalmente quando lo L'esempio sotto preso da eseguiamo sotto la 3.x non Programmare in Python Parte 3 di funziona. tempo addietro.
#pprint1.py #Example of semi-useful functions def TopOrBottom(character,width): # width is total width of returned line return '%s%s%s' % ('+',(character * (width-2)),'+') def Fmt(val1,leftbit,val2,rightbit): # prints two values padded with spaces # val1 is thing to print on left, val2 is thing to print on right # leftbit is width of left portion, rightbit is width of right portion part2 = '%.2f' % val2 return '%s%s%s%s' % ('| ',val1.ljust(leftbit-2,' '),part2.rjust(rightbit-2,' '),' |') # Define the prices of each item item1 = 3.00 item2 = 15.00 # Now print everything out... print TopOrBottom('=',40) print Fmt('Item 1',30,item1,10) print Fmt('Item 2',30,item2,10) print TopOrBottom('-',40) print Fmt('Total',30,item1+item2,10) print TopOrBottom('=',40)
Questo andava bene sotto la versione 2.x. Tuttavia sotto la 3.x otteniamo:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<Stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'raw_input' is not definited
Questo non un grosso problema. Il metodo raw_input() stato sostituito da input(). Semplicemente, cambiate la riga in:
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File "pprint1.py", line 18 print TopOrBottom('=',40) SyntaxError: invalid syntax cp pprint1.py pprint1v3.py
cambiamenti. Ci mostrato sotto a destra.
versione 2.x.
Proveremo a lasciare che l'applicazione di conversione lo sistemi per noi. Per prima cosa dovremmo creare una copia di riserva dell'applicazione che sar convertita. Io lo faccio creando una copia del file e aggiungendo un "v3" alla fine del nome:
Vi sono molteplici modi di eseguire l'applicazione. Il modo pi semplice lasciare che l'applicazione controlli il codice e ci dica dove sono i problemi, il che viene mostrato sotto a sinistra. Notate che il codice sorgente originale non cambiato. Dobbiamo usare il flag "0w" per dirgli di scrivere sul file i
Noterete anche che l'output identico. Questa volta, comunque, il versione 3.x? file sorgente (mostrato nella Molti dei problemi sono comuni pagina successiva) cambiato in un a qualunque cambiamento in un file "versione 3 compatibile". linguaggio di programmazione. I cambiamenti di sintassi abbondano Adesso il programma funziona ad ogni nuova versione. A volte come dovrebbe sotto la versione spuntano fuori dal nulla scorciatoie 3.x. E, dato che era semplice, come += o 0= e rendono la nostra funziona ancora anche sotto la
> 2to3 -w pprint1v3.py RefactoringTool: Skipping implicit fixer: buffer RefactoringTool: Skipping implicit fixer: idioms RefactoringTool: Skipping implicit fixer: set_literal RefactoringTool: Skipping implicit fixer: ws_comma RefactoringTool: Refactored pprint1v3.py --- pprint1v3.py (original) +++ pprint1v3.py (refactored) @@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ item1 = 3.00 item2 = 15.00 # Now print everything out... -print TopOrBottom('=',40) -print Fmt('Item 1',30,item1,10) -print Fmt('Item 2',30,item2,10) -print TopOrBottom('-',40) -print Fmt('Total',30,item1+item2,10) -print TopOrBottom('=',40) +print(TopOrBottom('=',40)) +print(Fmt('Item 1',30,item1,10)) +print(Fmt('Item 2',30,item2,10)) +print(TopOrBottom('-',40)) +print(Fmt('Total',30,item1+item2,10)) +print(TopOrBottom('=',40)) RefactoringTool: Files that were modified: RefactoringTool: pprint1v3.py
Passo adesso alla
> 2to3 pprint1v3.py RefactoringTool: Skipping implicit fixer: buffer RefactoringTool: Skipping implicit fixer: idioms RefactoringTool: Skipping implicit fixer: set_literal RefactoringTool: Skipping implicit fixer: ws_comma RefactoringTool: Refactored pprint1v3.py --- pprint1v3.py (original) +++ pprint1v3.py (refactored) @@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ item1 = 3.00 item2 = 15.00 # Now print everything out... -print TopOrBottom('=',40) -print Fmt('Item 1',30,item1,10) -print Fmt('Item 2',30,item2,10) -print TopOrBottom('-',40) -print Fmt('Total',30,item1+item2,10) -print TopOrBottom('=',40) +print(TopOrBottom('=',40)) +print(Fmt('Item 1',30,item1,10)) +print(Fmt('Item 2',30,item2,10)) +print(TopOrBottom('-',40)) +print(Fmt('Total',30,item1+item2,10)) +print(TopOrBottom('=',40)) RefactoringTool: Files that need to be modified: RefactoringTool: pprint1v3.py
10
indice ^

vita pi facile, in effetti. Quale lo svantaggio del migrare semplicemente alla versione 3.x proprio adesso? Beh, ce n' un po'. Molti moduli di librerie che abbiamo utilizzato non sono disponibili per la versione 3 proprio adesso. Cose come Mutegen, che abbiamo utilizzato qualche articolo fa, non sono proprio ancora disponibili. Quantunque questo sia un ostacolo, non richiede che rinunciate completamente a Python 3.x. Il mio suggerimento di cominciare ora a scrivere codice utilizzando un'apposita sintassi 3.x. La versione 2.6 di Python supporta quasi tutto ci di cui avreste bisogno per scrivere in modalit 3.x. In questo modo sarete pronti a partire una volta che dovrete cambiare alla 3.x. Se riuscite a sopravvivere con la libreria di moduli standard, continuate e fate il salto. Se, d'altro canto, andate oltre i limiti potreste voler attendere fino a che la libreria dei moduli si aggiorna. E lo far. Sotto vi sono alcuni collegamenti che ho pensato potessero essere utili. Il primo alla pagina sull'impiego di 2to3. Il
#pprint1.py #Example of semi-useful functions def TopOrBottom(character,width): # width is total width of returned line return '%s%s%s' % ('+',(character * (width-2)),'+') def Fmt(val1,leftbit,val2,rightbit): # prints two values padded with spaces # val1 is thing to print on left, val2 is thing to print on right # leftbit is width of left portion, rightbit is width of right portion part2 = '%.2f' % val2 return '%s%s%s%s' % ('| ',val1.ljust(leftbit-2,' '),part2.rjust(rightbit-2,' '),' |') # Define the prices of each item item1 = 3.00 item2 = 15.00 # Now print everything out... print(TopOrBottom('=',40)) print(Fmt('Item 1',30,item1,10)) print(Fmt('Item 2',30,item2,10)) print(TopOrBottom('-',40)) print(Fmt('Total',30,item1+item2,10)) print(TopOrBottom('=',40))
secondo un bignamino di 4 pagine che ho scoperto essere un riferimento molto buono. Il terzo a ci che considero essere il miglior libro sull'utilizzo di Python (questo fino a che decider di scrivere il mio). Arrivederci alla prossima volta. Collegamenti Utilizzo di 2to3 http://docs.python.org/library/2to3 .html full circle magazine #42
Passare da Python 2 a Python 3 (un bignamino di 4 pagine) http://ptqmedia.pearsoncmq.com/i mprint_downloads/informit/promo tions/python/python2python3.pdf Dive into Python 3 http://diveintopython3.org
Greg Walters il proprietario della RainyDay Solutions, LLC, una societ di consulenza in Aurora, Colorado e programma dal 1972. Ama cucinare, fare escursioni, ascoltare musica e passare il tempo con la sua famiglia.
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VEDI ANCHE: VALIDO PER: CATEGORIE :

FCM#27-37 - Python Parti 1 - 11

Sviluppo Grafica Internet M/media Sistema

USB Drive Laptop Wireless

Dobbiamo ora creare la nostra classe. Creeremo una routine

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Greg Walters il proprietario

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Robin Catling Ed Hewitt Dave Wilkins

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# MAIN LOOP try: myscreen = curses.initscr() LogicLoop() finally: curses.endwin()

def LogicLoop(): DoMainMenu() MainInKey()

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