klM 1PPn MM 18CnC

nL1 l8AMLWC8k
1hc hln nhm
L Cna Mlnh 1hun 07320346
nauvn 8o 1runa 07320373
nauvn L Anh 07320433
Table of content
1. Tng quan v kim thu phn mm
2. Thit k test case
3. Chuong trinh minh hoa
4. Gioi thiu NUnit
Phn 1: Phn 1:
Tng quan v kim thu Tng quan v kim thu
phn mm phn mm
im thu phn mm l g?
W im thu phn mm la:
W qua trinh khao sat mt h thng hay thanh phn duoi nhung
diu kin xac dinh, quan sat va ghi lai cac kt qua, va danh
gia mt khia canh nao do cua h thng hay thanh phn do.
W hoat dng khao sat thuc tin san phm hay dich vu phn
mm trong dung mi truong chung du dinh s duoc trin
khai nhm cung cp cho nguoi co loi ich lin quan nhung
thng tin v cht luong cua san phm hay dich vu phn
mm y.
Ec muc tiu kim dinh
W Tim ra li/cac yu dim cua chuong trinh.
W Mt truong hop kim thu tt la tim ra nhung li chua
duoc phat hin.
W Mt truong hop kim khng tt ( khng thanh cng)
la mt truong hop ma kha nng tim thy nhung li
chua bit dn la rt it.
"uE trnh kim dinh
Ec phuong phEp kim thu
1. im thu tinh Static testing:
Su dung giy, but d kim tra logic, ln tung chi tit ma
khng cn chay chuong trinh.
Thuong duoc su dung boi chuyn vin thit k nguoi ma
vit m lnh mt minh.
im thu tinh cng co th duoc tu dng hoa. No s thuc
hin kim tra toan b bao gm cac chuong trinh duoc
phn tich boi mt trinh thng dich hoc bin dich ma xac
nhn tinh hop l v cu phap cua chuong trinh.
Ec phuong phEp kim thu
2. im thu dng Dynamic testing
a phuong phap thu phn mm thng qua vic dung may
chay chuong trinh d diu tra trang thai tac dng cua
chuong trinh.
im tra cach thuc hoat dng dng cua m lnh, tuc la
kim tra su phan ung vt ly tu h thng toi cac bin lun
thay di theo thoi gian.
Gm co:
W Unit Unit Tests
W im thu tich hop Intergration Tests
W im thu h thng System Tests
W im thu chp nhn san phm Acceptance Tests.
hin luoc kim thu
Ba trong s nhng chin luoc kim thu thng dung
nht bao gm:
W im thu hp den.
W im thu hp trng.
W im thu hp xam.
im thu hp den
W oan toan khng quan tm v cach cu xu va cu truc
bn trong cua chuong trinh.
W Tp trung vao tim cac truong hop ma chuong trinh
khng thuc hin theo cac dc ta cua no.
im thu hp den
W Cac phuong phap kim thu hp den:
Phn lop tuong duong Equivalence partitioning.
Phn tich gia tri bin Boundary value analysis.
im thu moi cp All-pairs testing.
im thu Iuzz Fuzz testing.
im thu dua trn m hinh Model-based testing.
Ma trn du vt Traceability matrix.
im thu thm do Exploratory testing.
im thu dua trn dc ta SpeciIication-base testing.
im thu hp den
W .u, nhuoc dim:
.u dim: Su dung nguyn tc ' y doi hoi va ban s duoc
nhn, nhung kim thu vin hp den tim ra li ma nhung
lp trinh vin d khng tim ra.
Nhuoc dim: khng bit cac phn mm duoc kim tra thuc
su duoc xy dung nhu th nao. Nhiu truong hop ma mt
kim thu vin hp den vit rt nhiu ca kim thu d kim
tra mt thu gi do ma dang l co th chi cn kim tra bng 1
ca kim thu duy nht, va/hoc mt s phn cua chuong
trinh khng duoc kim tra chut nao.
im thu hp trng
W Trai nguoc hoan toan voi kim thu hp den, kim thu
hp trng hay kim thu huong logic cho phep ban
khao sat cu truc bn trong cua chuong trinh.
W Xut phat tu du liu kim thu bng su kim thu tinh
logic cua chuong trinh. im thu vin s truy cp vao
cu truc du liu va giai thut bn trong chuong trinh
(va ca m lnh thuc hin chung).
im thu hp trng
W Cac phuong phap kim thu hp trng:
im thu giao din lp trinh ung dung - API testing
(application programming interIace): la phuong phap kim
thu cua ung dung su dung cac API cng khai va ring tu.
Bao phu m lnh Code coverage: tao cac kim tra d dap
ung mt s tiu chun v bao phu m lnh.
Cac phuong phap gan li Fault iniection.
Cac phuong phap kim thu hoan chuyn Mutation testing
methods.
im thu tinh Static testing: kim thu hp trng bao gm
moi kim thu tinh.
im thu hp xEm
W loi hoi phai co su truy cp toi cu truc du liu va giai
thut bn trong cho nhung muc dich thit k cac ca
kim thu.
W Du liu du vao va dinh dang du liu du ra la khng
r rang.
W Co th cng bao gm ca thit k di chiu d quyt
dinh, vi du, gia tri bin hay thng bao li.
Ec cp d kim thu
im thu don vi
W Unit duoc chon d kim tra thuong co kich thuoc nho
va chuc nng hoat dng don gian, chung ta khng
kho khn gi trong vic t chuc kim thu, ghi nhn va
phn tich kt qua kim thu.
W Thoi gian tn cho Unit Test s duoc dn bu bng vic
tit kim rt nhiu thoi gian va chi phi cho vic kim
thu va sua li o cac muc kim thu sau do.
im thu don vi
W Unit Test thuong do lp trinh vin thuc hin.
W Muc dich cua Unit Test la bao dam thng tin duoc xu
ly va xut (khoi Unit) la chinh xac, trong mi tuong
quan voi du liu nhp va chuc nng cua Unit.
W loi hoi phai chun bi truoc cac ca kim thu (Test
case) hoc kich ban kim thu (Test script), trong do
chi dinh r du liu du vao, cac buoc thuc hin va du
liu du ra mong mun.
im thu don vi
W Unit Test thuong do lp trinh vin thuc hin.
W Muc dich cua Unit Test la bao dam thng tin duoc xu
ly va xut (khoi Unit) la chinh xac, trong mi tuong
quan voi du liu nhp va chuc nng cua Unit.
W loi hoi phai chun bi truoc cac ca kim thu (Test
case) hoc kich ban kim thu (Test script), trong do
chi dinh r du liu du vao, cac buoc thuc hin va du
liu du ra mong mun.
im thu tch hop
W Integration Test kt hop cac thanh phn cua mt ung
dung va kim thu nhu mt ung dung d hoan thanh.
W ai muc tiu chinh cua Integration Test:
Phat hin li giao tip xay ra giua cac Unit.
Tich hop cac Unit don le thanh cac h thng nho
(Subsystem) va cui cung la nguyn h thng hoan chinh
(System) chun bi cho kim thu o muc h thng (System
Test).
im thu tch hop
W Co 4 loai kim thu trong Integration Test:
im thu cu truc (Structure Test): Tuong tu White Box Test,
kim thu cu truc nhm bao dam cac thanh phn bn trong cua
mt chuong trinh chay dung va chu trong dn hoat dng cua cac
thanh phn cu truc ni tai cua chuong trinh chng han cac cu
lnh va nhanh bn trong.
im thu chuc nng (Functional Test): Tuong tu Black Box Test,
kim thu chuc nng chi chu trong dn chuc nng cua chuong
trinh, ma khng quan tm dn cu truc bn trong, chi khao sat
chuc nng cua chuong trinh theo yu cu k thut.
im thu hiu nng (PerIormance Test): im thu vic vn hanh
cua h thng.
im thu kha nng chiu tai (Stress Test): im thu cac gioi han
cua h thng.
im thu h thng
W Muc dich System Test la kim thu thit k va toan b
h thng (sau khi tich hop) co thoa mn yu cu dt
ra hay khng.
W System Test kim thu ca cac hanh vi chuc nng cua
phn mm ln cac yu cu v cht luong nhu d tin
cy, tinh tin loi khi su dung, hiu nng va bao mt.
im thu chp nhn san phm
W Muc dich cua Acceptance Test la d chung minh phn
mm thoa mn tt ca yu cu cua khach hang va
khach hang chp nhn san phm (va tra tin thanh
toan hop dng).
W Nu khach hang khng quan tm va khng tham gia
vao qua trinh phat trin phn mm thi kt qua
Acceptance Test s sai lch rt lon, mc du phn mm
d trai qua tt ca cac kim thu truoc do.
Ec phuong phEp kim thu con
ngui
W ai phuong phap kim thu con nguoi chu yu la
Code Inspections va Walkthroughs.
W Mt Inspection hay Walkthrough la 1 su cai tin cua
phuong phap kim tra ma lp trinh vin doc chuong
trinh cua ho truoc khi kim thu no. Inspections va
Walkthroughs hiu qua hon la boi vi nhung nguoi
khac s kim thu chuong trinh tt hon chinh tac gia
cua chuong trinh do.
guyn tc kim thu phn mm
W "uy tc 1: Mt phn quan trong cua 1 ca kim thu la
dinh nghia cua du ra hay kt qua mong mun.
W "uy tc 2: p trinh vin nn tranh tu kim tra chuong
trinh cua minh.
W "uy tc 3: Nhom lp trinh khng nn kim thu chuong
trinh cua chinh ho.
W "uy tc 4: im tra thu dao moi kt qua cua mi kim
tra.
W "uy tc 5: Cac ca kim thu phai duoc vit cho cac trang
thai du vao khng hop l va khng mong mun, cng
nhu cho cac du vao hop l va mong mun.
guyn tc kim thu phn mm
W "uy tc 6: hao sat 1 chuong trinh d xem liu chuong
trinh co thuc hin cai ma no cn thuc hin chi la 1 phn,
phn con lai la xem liu chuong trinh co thuc hin cai ma
no khng cn phai thuc hin hay khng.
W "uy tc 7: Tranh cac ca kim thu bng quo tru khi
chuong trinh thuc su la 1 chuong trinh bng quo.
W "uy tc 8: hng du kin kt qua cua kim thu theo gia
thit ngm la khng tim thy li.
W "uy tc 9: Xac sut tn tai li trong 1 doan chuong trinh
la tuong ung voi s li d tim thy trong doan do.
W "uy tc 10: im thu la 1 nhim vu cuc ky sang tao va co
tinh thu thach tri tu.
Phn 2: Phn 2:
Ec k thut kim thu Ec k thut kim thu
Ec k thut kim thu
p den p trng
1. Phn lop tuong duong
2. Phn tich gia tri bin
3. l thi nguyn nhn kt qua
4. loan li
1. Bao phu cu lnh
2. Bao phu quyt dinh
3. Bao phu diu kin
4. Bao phu diu kin quyt dinh
5. Bao phu da diu kin.

Ec k thut kim thu
W im thu hp trng:
Bao phu cu lnh Statement Coverage
Bao phu quyt dinh Decision coverage
Bao phu diu kin Condition coverage
Bao phu quyt dinh/diu kin Decision/condition
coverage
Bao phu da diu kin Multiple condition coverage
Ec k thut kim thu hp trng
W Bao phu cu lnh - Statement overage :
Tu tuong: Thuc hin moi cu lnh trong chuong trinh it
nht 1 ln.
Xet vi du voi doan m lnh JAVA sau:
public void A(int a, int b, int x)
iI (a~1 && b0)
xx/a;}
iI (a2''x~1)
xx1;
}
}
Ec k thut kim thu hp trng
W Bao phu quyt dinh - Decision coverage :
Tu tuong: Vit du cac ca kim thu ma mi quyt dinh co
kt lun dung hay sai it nht 1 ln. Noi cach khac, mi
huong phn nhanh phai duoc xem xet k lung it nht 1
ln.
Ec k thut kim thu hp trng
W Bao phu quyt dinh - Decision coverage :
Bao phu quyt dinh thuong thoa mn bao phu cu lnh,
nhung co it nht 3 ngoai l:
W Nhung chuong trinh khng co quyt dinh.
W Nhung chuong trinh hay thuong trinh con/phuong thuc voi nhiu
dim vao. Mt cu lnh d cho co th duoc thuc hin nu va chi
nu chuong trinh duoc nhp vao tai 1 dim du vao ring.
W Cac cu lnh bn trong cac ON-unit. Vic di qua mi huong r
nhanh s la khng nht thit lam cho tt ca cac ON-unit duoc thuc
thi.
Ec k thut kim thu hp trng
W Bao phu diu kin - ondition coverage:
Tu tuong: Vit du cac ca kim thu d dam bao rng mi
diu kin trong mt quyt dinh dam nhn tt ca cac kt qua
co th it nht mt ln.
Nhu voi bao phu quyt dinh, thi bao phu diu kin khng
phai lun lun dn toi vic thuc thi mi cu lnh.
Ec k thut kim thu hp trng
W Bao phu quyt dinh/diu kin - Decision/condition
coverage:
Tu tuong: Thuc hin du cac ca kim thu ma mi diu kin
trong 1 quyt dinh thuc hin trn tt ca cac kt qua co th it
nht 1 ln, va mi dim vao duoc goi it nht 1 ln.
lim yu cua bao phu quyt dinh/diu kin la mc du xem
ra no co th su dung tt ca cac kt qua cua tt ca cac diu
kin, nhung thuong khng phai vy vi nhung diu kin
chc chn d can cac diu kin khac.
Ec k thut kim thu hp trng
W Bao phu da diu kin - Multiple condition
coverage:
Tu tuong: Vit du cac ca kim thu ma tt ca nhung su kt
hop cua cac kt qua diu kin co th trong mi quyt dinh,
va tt ca cac dim vao phai duoc goi it nht 1 ln.
Ec k thut kim thu
W im thu hp den:
Phn lop tuong duong Equivalence Patitioning
Phn tich gia tri bin Boundary Value Analysis
l thi nguyn nhn kt qua - Cause & EIIect Graphing
loan li Error Guessing
Ec k thut kim thu hp den
W Phn lp tuong duong - Equivalence Patitioning:
a phuong phap kim thu hp den chia min du vao cua
mt chuong trinh thanh cac lop du liu, tu do suy dn ra
cac ca kim thu.
C gng xac dinh ra mt ca kim thu ma lam l ra mt lop
li, do do lam giam tng s cac truong hop kim thu phai
duoc xy dung.
Ec k thut kim thu hp den
W Phn lp tuong duong - Equivalence Patitioning:
Yu cu: Thit k test case sao cho khi nguoi dung nhp
user vao text thi chi cho nhp s ky tu |6 20 |.
Do yu cu cua bai toan chi cho phep nhp s ky tu vao
trong khi nhp cua user nm |6 - 20| nn ta co tinh hung
kim thu sau:
W Nhp vao mt truong hop hop l:nhp 7 ky tu.
W Nhp vao truong hop khng hop l thu nht: nhp 5 ky tu.
W Nhp vao truong hop khng hop l thu hai: nhp vao 21 ky tu.
W Truong hop dc bit: khng nhp gi vao text do (d trng).
Ec k thut kim thu hp den
W Phn lp tuong duong - Equivalence Patitioning:
p bang cac lop tuong duong:
liu kin du vao: Cho phep nhp s ky tu nm | 6 20 |
Cac lop tuong duong hop l: Nhp vao 7 ky tu
Cac lop tuong duong khng hop l:
W Nhp vao 5 ky tu
W Nhp vao 21 ky tu
W l trng do
Ec k thut kim thu hp den
W Phn tch giE tri bin - Boundary Value Analysis:
Phn tich gia tri bin (BVA) la k thut thit k test case va
hoan thanh phn vung tuong duong.
Muc tiu la lua chon cac test case d thuc thi gia tri bin.
im thu cac du liu vao bao gm:
W Gia tri nho nht.
W Gia tri gn k lon hon gia tri nho nht.
W Gia tri binh thuong.
W Gia tri gn k be hon gia tri lon nht.
W Gia tri lon nht.
Ec k thut kim thu hp den
W Phn tch giE tri bin - Boundary Value Analysis:
Nguyn tc chon du liu: Nu gia tri du vao xac dinh la
mt mang co bin la a va b(a b) thi co th thit k duoc
cac test case nhu sau:
W Bin a
W Bin b
W Gia tri nho hon bin a
W Gia tri lon hon bin b
W Mt gia tri nm giua a va b.
Ec k thut kim thu hp den
W D thi nguyn nhn - kt qua - ause & Effect
Graphing:
l thi nguyn nhn kt qua h tro trong vic lua chon
mt cach co h thng tp cac ca kim thu co hiu qua cao.
Co tac dng co loi anh huong toi vic chi ra tinh trang chua
dy du va nhp nhng trong dc ta.
Cung cp ca cach biu din chinh xac cho cac diu kin
logic va hanh dng tuong ung.
Ec k thut kim thu hp den
W D thi nguyn nhn - kt qua - ause & Effect
Graphing:
thut gm co 4 buoc:
W Xac dinh diu kin vao va hanh dng cho mi module cn kim
dinh.
W Xac dinh d thi nguyn nhn kt qua.
W l thi duoc chuyn thanh bang quyt dinh.
W Nhung phn trong bang quyt dinh duoc chuyn thanh test case.
Ec k thut kim thu hp den
W DoEn li - Error Guessing:
Tester duoc dua cho 1 chuong trinh dc bit, ho phong
doan, ca bng truc giac va kinh nghim, cac loai li co th
va sau do vit cac ca kim thu d dua ra cac li do.
Y tuong co ban la lit k mt danh sach cac li co th hay
cac truong hop d xay ra li va sau do vit cac ca kim thu
dua trn danh sach do.
Mt y tuong khac d xac dinh cac ca kim thu co lin doi
voi cac gia dinh ma lp trinh vin co th d thuc hin khi
doc dc ta.
Phn 3: Phn 3:
huong trnh minh hoa huong trnh minh hoa
Dc ta
W Chuong trinh doc vao 3 gia tri nguyn tu hp thoai
vao. Ba gia tri nay tuong ung voi chiu dai 3 canh
cua 1 tam giac. Chuong trinh hin thi 1 thng dip
cho bit tam giac do la tam giac thuong, cn, hay du.
W Ba gia tri nhp vao thoa mn la 3 canh cua mt tam
giac khi va chi khi ca 3 s du la s nguyn duong, va
tng cua 2 s bt ky trong 3 s phai lon hon s thu 3.
hi do, mt tam giac du la tam giac co 3 canh bng
nhau, tam giac cn la tam giac co 2 trong 3 canh bng
nhau, va tam giac thuong thi co 3 canh khac nhau.
Dc ta
class Lamalac

publlc lnL a
publlc lnL b
publlc lnL c
publlc sLrlna loalLamalac()

Lrv

lf (a0 || b0 || c0)
reLurn 3 canh A 8 C khona Lhoa man la 3 canh cua moL Lam alac
lf ((a + b c) (b + c a) (c + a b))

Dc ta
lf (a b b c)
reLurn 3 canh A 8 C lap Lhanh moL Lam alac deu
else lf (a b || b c || c a)
reLurn 3 canh A 8 C lap Lhanh moL Lam alac can
else
reLurn 3 canh A 8 C lap Lhanh moL Lam alac Lhuona

else
reLurn 3 canh A 8 C khona Lhoa man la 3 canh cua moL Lam alac

caLch (SvsLemLxcepLlon ex)

reLurn exMessaae

Thit k test - case

W V d thi nguyn nhn kt qua
W Nguyn nhn la:
Ca 3 gia tri nhp vao du la s nguyn duong.
Tng 2 s bt ky trong 3 s lon hon s con lai.
ai trong 3 s co gia tri bng nhau.
Ba s co gia tri bng nhau.
Thit k test - case
W V d thi nguyn nhn kt qua
W t qua la:
R1. Thng bao ba gia tri nhp vao lp thanh tam giac
thuong.
R2. Thng bao ba gia tri nhp vao lp thanh tam giac cn.
R3. Thng bao ba gia tri nhp vao lp thanh tam giac du.
R4. Thng bao ba gia tri nhp vao khng lp thanh mt
tam giac.
R5. Thng bao li nhp du liu.
Thit k test - case
Thit k test - case
W Phn lop tuong duong
Cac gia tri nhp vao la s Ca 3 gia tri du la s (1) Tn tai 1 gia tri khng
phai la s (2)
Cac gia tri la nguyn Ca 3 gia tri du nguyn
(3)
Tn tai 1 gia tri khng
nguyn (4)
Cac gia tri la duong Ca 3 gia tri du duong (5) Tn tai 1 gia tri 0 (6)
ng s -32768 : 32767 (7) -32768 (8), ~32767 (9)
Tng 2 s bt ky so voi s
thu 3
on hon (10) Nho hon hoc bng (11)

Thit k test - case
W Phn tich gia tri bin
Xet cac trang thai du vao
Xet khng gian kt qua
Tai liu tham khao
Ti liu tham khao
W http://www.vietnamesetestingboard.org/
W http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoItwaretesting
W The Art of Software Testing, Glenford J. Mvers,
Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc