Peter&Waterman in 1982: 7s: system, structure, style, staff, skill, strategy, shared value, Process of management: (Science.

Arts both) Organizational Activities Goal formulation (Philosophy) Goal accomplishment & evaluation (Science) Decision making & implementation Organizational Survival

To increase efficiency in organization To crystallize the nature of management To carry on Researches To attain social objectives.

Achieving things through people Achieving things for people Making Profit Delivering performance Improving & developing things Coping with changes and uncertainties

Henri Foyal- father of functional and administrative management Functions: Planning Organizing Directing/leading Commanding Controlling Coordination

Interpersonal Role:
Figurehead Role(Manager as a symbol or status required) Leader Role(Leading and motivating role) Liaison Role(It focus the managers dealing with outside his own organization)

Process of Information Role:

Monitor Role Disseminator role:(manager share some privileged information with subordinate) Spokesman Role

Decision Making Role:

Entrepreneurial Role Disturbance handling Role Resource allocator Role Negotiator role

Role: Interpersonal Role Informational Role Decision making Role

Functions: Planning Organizing staffing Directing Controlling

Top management Middle management Lower Management(Supervisors/Operation) Skills of managers: Conceptual skill: Strategic planning & decision making Human Skill: Coordinating &planning for implementation Technical Skills: Implementation

Changes in economic environment Change in social Environment Change in ecological environment Change in Political environment Change in technological environment Change in International level Change in management concept and practices

The rapid growth of management literature has also led to the development of number of schools of management thought: Following category of management thought: 1. Classical Theory 2. Neo-Classical Theory(Human relation Approaches) 3. Behavioural Science Approaches 4. System Approaches 5. Contingency Approaches