Tit: 20

Tn bi: H THC LNG TRONG TAM GIC.

I, Mc tiu bi dy.
1, V kin thc:
- Hiu r v nm chc nh l c sin, nh l sin trong tam gic cng
h qu ca nh l.
2, V k nng:
- Vn dng l c sin, nh l sin trong tam gic tnh cc cnh,
cc gc cha bit ca mt tam gic trong cc trng hp.
- Bc u bit vn dng vo gii cc bi ton thc t.
3, V t duy:
- Pht trin kh nng t duy logic.
- Hiu c nh l biu th mi quan h gia cc i lng cnh v
gc trong tam gic, t tnh c cc yu t cn li.
4, V thi :
- Nghim tc, t gic, tch cc trong hc tp.
- Ham hc, cn c v chnh xc, l vic c khoa hc.
- Bit vn dng vo gii cc bi ton thc t.
II, Chun b phng tin dy hc
1, Thc tin:
- HS c kin thc v h thc lng trong tam gic vung.
2, Phng tin:
a. Gio vin:
- Gio n, SGK, SGV, ...
- Hnh v gi m yu cu cn c l c sin trong tam gic.
b. Hc sinh:
- Kin thc v h thc lng trong tam gic vung.
- SGK, v ghi, dng hc tp, my tnh Casio fx 500A hoc fx
500MS..
3, Phng php:
III, Tin trnh bi dy v cc hot ng.
A, Cc hot ng dy hc:
HOT NG 1: Kim tra bi c:
HOT NG 2: Dy: nh l c sin trong tam gic.
HOT NG 3: Cng c ni dung nh l v p dng.
HOT NG 4: Hng dn hc sinh s dng MTBT tnh cc
GTLG,
tra gc khi bit GTLG ca gc.
HOT NG 5: Hng dn hc sinh hc nh:
B, Tin trnh bi dy:
HOT NG 1: (5).
1, Kim tra bi c:
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Cu hi 1: Pht biu nh l Pythago
trong tam gic vung.
p dng: Cho tam gic vung ABC
(A=90
0
) bit AB = 4m, 3C = 3m. Tnh
di cnh huyn BC?.
Cu hi 2: Cho tam gic vung ABC
(A=90
0
). Tnh
( )
2
? AB AC
uuur uuur
.
p n 1: Trong tam gic vung ABC
vi A=90
0
) Ta c: AB
2
+ AC
2
= BC
2
.
p dng: Ta c: BC
2
= AB
2
+ AC
2
= 25
nn BC = 5.
p n 2:
Ta c:
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
( ) 2. .
2 . . 90
AB AC AB AB AC AC
AB AC AB AC cos
AB AC
+
+
+
o
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
2, Dy bi mi:
HOT NG 2: (22).
1. NH L C SIN TRONG TAM GIC.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
?. Trong tam gic ABC s o ca gc
gia hai vc t ( , ) AB AC
uuur uuur
l s o ca
gc no?.
?. Tnh
( )
2
? AB AC
uuur uuur
?. Ta bit ( )
BC AB AC
uuur uuur uuur
, Vy
BC
2
s c tnh theo cng thc
no?
Kt lun: Nh vy chng ta c
L s o ca gc A.
Ta c:
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
( ) 2. .
2 . . ,
2 . .cos .
AB AC AB AB AC AC
AB AC AB AC cos AB AC
AB AC AB AC A
+
+
+
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur
Ta c:
2 2 2
2 . .cos . BC AB AC AB AC A +
cng thc tnh bnh phng di
ca mt cnh khi bit di hai cnh
kia v gc xen gia chng. Chng ta
gi cng thc ny l: nh l c
sin trong tam gic.
Yu cu HS pht biu nh l c sin
trong tam gic.
GV pht biu chnh xc nh l bng
li, Ghi ND nh l trn bng.
?. T L, Nu ta mun tnh di
ca mt cnh trong tam gic th cn
bit nhng yu t no?
?. Nu

A 90
o
ta c cng thc no?
?. T L c sin vit cng thc tnh:
cos , cos , cos theo , ? , A B C a b c
nh l:
HS suy ngh v tr li.
Nu A 90
o
ta c cng thc
2 2 2
(DL Pythago) BC AB AC +
HOT NG 3: (10).
3, Cng c ton bi: CNG C NI DUNG NH L V P DNG.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Phn lp hc ra 4 nhm (theo tng
t).
Giao BT cho cc nhm:
Nhn nhim v.
Tm hiu bi, cch gii.
Thc hin gii v ca i din bo
co cho nhm ca mnh.
Cc nhm cn li nghe bo co ca
cc nhm khc cho kin v xut
PP gii khc ( Nu c).
Trong tam gic ABC, vi
, , AB c BC a CA b
, ta c:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2. . .cos
2. . .cos
2. . .cos
a b c b c A
b c a c a B
c a b a b C
+
+
+
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
cos
2
cos
2
cos
2
b c a
A
bc
c a b
B
ca
a b c
C
ab
+

Nhm 1,3:
Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC c: 60 A
o
,
AB = 40 (km) v AC = 30 (km).
Tnh AC = ?.
Nhm 2,4:
Bi 2: Cc cnh ca tam gic ABC
l:
7, 24, 23 a b c
.
Tnh gc A = ?.
Li gii.
Bi 1:
p dng nh l c sin vo tam gic
ABC.
Ta c:
2 2 2
2 . .cos . BC AB AC AB AC A +
Nn:

2
30 40 2.30.40.cos 60
900 1600 1200 1300.
1300 10. 13
a
a
+
+

o
Bi 2:
p dng h qu ca nh l c sin
vo tam gic ABC. Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
24 23 7
cos
2 2.24.23
cos 0.9565.
b c a
A
bc
A
+ +


Suy ra:
0 '
A 16 58
HOT NG 4:(6)
HNG DN HS S DNG MTBT CASIO.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Hng dn:
1. Tnh cc GTLG ca mt gc:
2. Tra gc bit GTLG ca gc:
Ch nghe, hiu.
Thc hnh theo hng dn ca GV.
p dng:
a. Tnh cos 75
0
37=?.
b. Tm

: bit cos

= 0.7518
HOT NG 5: (2).
4, Hng dn hc sinh hc nh:
- Yu cu HS v nh n bi c:
Nm vng ND L, h qu v ngha thc tin.
Xem li cc Bi tp gii.
- Lm cc BT: 15, 16, 17, 18 Trang 64, 65 SGK HH10.
- c trc bi mi: Phn 2+3 Trang 55

58 SGK HH10.
Tit: 21
Tn bi: H THC LNG TRONG TAM GIC (TIP).
I, Mc tiu bi dy.
1, V kin thc:
- Hiu r v nm chc nh l sin trong tam gic v cng thc trung
tuyn.
2, V k nng:
- Vn dng l c sin, nh l sin, cng thc trung tuyn trong tam
gic tnh cc cnh, cc gc cha bit ca mt tam gic trong
cc trng hp.
- Bc u bit vn dng vo gii cc bi ton thc t.
3, V t duy:
- Pht trin kh nng t duy logic.
4, V thi :
- Nghim tc, t gic, tch cc trong hc tp.
- Ham hc, cn c v chnh xc, l vic c khoa hc.
II, Chun b phng tin dy hc
1, Thc tin:
2, Phng tin:
a. Gio vin:
- Gio n, SGK, SGV, ...
b. Hc sinh:
- Kin thc c lin quan.
- SGK, v ghi, dng hc tp.
3, Phng php:
III, Tin trnh bi dy v cc hot ng.
A, Cc hot ng dy hc:
HOT NG 1: Kim tra bi c.
HOT NG 2: Dy nh l sin
HOT NG 3: V d thc t vn dng nh l sin trong tam gic.
HOT NG 4: Cng thc tnh di ng trung tuyn.
HOT NG 5: V d p dng
HOT NG 6: Cng c bi dy.
B, Tin trnh bi dy:
HOT NG 1: (3)
1, Kim tra bi c:
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Cu hi:
Pht biu ND nh l c sin v h
qu.
Tr li:
nh l:
Trong tam gic ABC, vi
, , AB c BC a CA b
, ta c:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2. . .cos
2. . .cos
2. . .cos
a b c b c A
b c a c a B
c a b a b C
+
+
+
H qu: Trong tam gic ABC, vi
, , AB c BC a CA b
, ta c:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
cos
2
cos
2
cos
2
b c a
A
bc
c a b
B
ca
a b c
C
ab
+

2, Dy bi mi:
HOT NG 2:
2. NH L SIN TRONG TAM GIC.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Nu bi ton.
Yu cu HS thc hin.
Cho tam gic ABC, vi
, , AB c BC a CA b
ni tip ng
trn (O;R).
Hy tnh a, b, c theo R v A, B, C.
HD HD xt hai trng hp:
A 90 & A 90 .
o o
?. Nu ta k ng knh BA ca
ng trn, Em c nhn xt g v s
o ca hai gc A v A?
? Vy: sin sin ' A A ?.
Nhn nhim v.
Tm hiu bi, cch gii.
Li gii
Trng hp: A 90
o
.
Ta c a=2R.
Vy: a= 2R.sinA
b= 2R.sinB
c= 2R.sinC
Trng hp: A 90
o
.
Trong tam gic vung ABC ta c kt
qu no?
2 .sin ' 2 .sin

2 .sin .
BC R A R A
a R A

| `


. ,
Bng cch tng t khi ta k cc
ng knh ca ng trn t cc
nh A v C ta c cc kt qu no?
Nh vy: Nu tam gic ABC, vi
, , AB c BC a CA b
ni tip ng
trn (O;R), Th ta lun c:
2 .sin . a R A
2 .sin . b R B
2 .sin . c R C y chnh
l kt qu ca nh l sin trong tam
gic.
Cho HS pht biu L.
GV chnh xc v ghi bng.
K ng knh BA ca (O;R).
Ta c: sin sin ' A A .
Trong tam gic vung ABC ta c:
2 .sin ' 2 .sin
2 .sin .
BC R A R A
a R A


Tng t ta c:
2 .sin . b R B v 2 .sin . c R C
HOT NG 3:
V D THC T VN DNG NH L SIN TRONG TAM GIC.
V d 3: T hai v tr A v B ca mt to nh ngi ta quan st nh C ca
ngn ni (Hnh 49- SGK HH10 trang 56). Bit rng cao AB = 70m,
phng nhn AC to vi mt phng ngang mt gc 30
0
, phng nhn BC
to vi mt phng ngang mt gc 15
0
30. Hi ngn ni cao bao nhiu
so vi mt t.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Nu bi ton, treo hnh v.
Yu cu HS thc hin.
?. Hy xc nh s o ca cc gc
trong tam gic ABC?.
Nhn nhim v, quan st hnh v.
Tm hiu bi, cch gii.
Li gii
T gi thit, ta suy ra tam gic ABC
c:
60 , 105 30', 70.
180 ( ) 14 30'.
CAB ABC c
C A B

+
o o
o o
nh l:
Vi mi tam gic ABC, Ta c:
2 .
sin sin sin
a b c
R
A B C

Trong R l bn knh ca
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
ABC.
Theo nh l sin ta c ta c c
iu g?.
Vy ngn ni cao bao nhiu so
vi mt t?.
Theo nh l sin ta c:
sin
,
sin sin sin
b c c B
hay b
B C C

Do :
70.sin105 30'
269, 4( )
sin14 30'
AC b m
o
o
HOT NG 4:
3. TNG BNH PHNG HAI CNH V DI NG TRUNG TUYN.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Nu bi ton 1.
Cho tam gic ABC, gi
, ,
a b c
m m m
l
di cc ng trung tuyn ln
lt tng ng vi cc cnh
, , AB c BC a CA b
Chng minh cc cng thc sau y,
Gi l cng thc trung tuyn.
2 2 2
2
2 4
a
b c a
m
+
;
2 2 2
2
2 4
b
a c b
m
+

2 2 2
2
2 4
c
b a c
m
+

HD v Yu cu HS thc hin.
Yu cu HS v nh chng minh cc
cng thc cn li.
Nhn nhim v.
Tm hiu bi, cch gii.
Chng minh:
Ta c:
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
( ); ( )
= 2 . 1
= 2 . 2
AB AM MB AC AM MC
AB AM MB AM MB
AC AM MC AM MC
+ +
+ +
+ +
uuur uuuur uuur uuur uuuur uuur
uuuur uuur
uuuur uuur
Cng (1) Vi (2) theo v, ta c:
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
+ = 2 2
2
+
2 4
BC
AB AC AM
AB AC BC
AM
| `
+

. ,

Hay
2 2 2
2
2 4
a
b c a
m
+

Chng minh tng t ta c c cc
cng thc cn li.
HOT NG 5: V D P DNG
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Nu bi ton 2.
Cho hai im phn bit P v Q. Tm
tp hp cc im M sao cho
2 2 2
MP MQ k + trong k l mt s
cho trc.
Nhn nhim v.
Tm hiu bi, cch gii.
HS thc hin gii.
HD gii ti lp, GV nhn xt nh
gi.
HOT NG 6:
3, Cng c ton bi:
- Nhc li ni dung L Sin, cng thc tnh di trung tuyn v PP vn
dng.
- Cng c cho HS PP gii bi ton tp hp im.
4, Hng dn hc sinh hc nh:
- n bi c.
- Gii cc bi tp tng ng trong SGK.
Tit: 23
Tn bi: H THC LNG TRONG TAM GIC (TIP).
I, Mc tiu bi dy.
1, V kin thc:
-
2, V k nng:
-
3, V t duy:
- Pht trin kh nng t duy logic.
4, V thi :
- Nghim tc, t gic, tch cc trong hc tp.
- Ham hc, cn c v chnh xc, l vic c khoa hc.
II, Chun b phng tin dy hc
1, Thc tin:
-
2, Phng tin:
a. Gio vin:
- Gio n, SGK, SGV, ...
b. Hc sinh:
- Kin thc c lin quan.
- SGK, v ghi, dng hc tp.
3, Phng php:
III, Tin trnh bi dy v cc hot ng.
A, Cc hot ng dy hc:
HOT NG 1:
HOT NG 2:
HOT NG 3:
HOT NG 4:
B, Tin trnh bi dy:
HOT NG 1: (3)
1, Kim tra bi c:
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
2, Dy bi mi:
HOT NG 2:
2. NG L SIN TRONG TAM GIC.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
HOT NG 3:
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
HOT NG 4:
3. TNG BNH PHNG HAI CNH V DI NG TRUNG TUYN.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
HOT NG 5:
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
3, Cng c ton bi:
HOT NG 6:
4, Hng dn hc sinh hc nh:
Tit: 25
Tn bi: N TP HC K I.
I, Mc tiu bi dy.
1, V kin thc:
- Vc t v cc php ton v vc t.
- H trc to - to trn h trc to .
- Tch v hng v p dng.
- nh l C sin v nh l Sin .
2, V k nng:
- Vn dng kin thc l thuyt c bn gii ton.
3, V t duy:
- Pht trin kh nng t duy logic.
4, V thi :
- Nghim tc, t gic, tch cc trong hc tp.
- Ham hc, cn c v chnh xc, l vic c khoa hc.
II, Chun b phng tin dy hc
1, Thc tin:
- Kin thc hc trong KH 1.
2, Phng tin:
a. Gio vin:
- Gio n, SGK, SGV, ...
b. Hc sinh:
- Kin thc c lin quan.
- SGK, v ghi, dng hc tp.
3, Phng php:
III, Tin trnh bi dy v cc hot ng.
A, Cc hot ng dy hc:
HOT NG 1+2: n tp v vc t.
HOT NG 3+4: H trc to - to trn h trc to .
HOT NG 5: Cng c bi dy
B, Tin trnh bi dy:
1, Kim tra bi c.
2, Dy bi mi:
HOT NG 1 (12): n tp v vc t.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Bi 2. Gi G l trng tm ca tam
gic ABC. ly trn ba cnh BC,
CA, AB ba im tng ng A
1
, B
1
, C
1
sao cho:
1 1 1
1 1 1
AC BA CB
k (k 1)
C B A C B A

.
Chng minh rng G cng l trng
tm tam gic A
1
B
1
C
1
.
B
C
A
C1
A1
B1
M
G
G1
Gi tr li
Gi G
1
l trng tm tam gic A
1
B
1
C
1
.
ta chng minh G v G
1
trng nhau
hay chng minh cho
1
BG BG
uuur uuuur
t BA a; BC b
uuur r uuur r
Ta i tnh : BG
uuur

( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
BG BM a b a b
3 3 2 3
]
+ +
]
]
uuur uuur r r r r
1 1 1 1
BG BA A G +
uuuur uuuur uuuuur
m
( )
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
A G A C A B
3
A C BC BA (1 k)a kb
A B A C C B (1 k) b k(a b)
+
+
+ +
uuuuur uuuur uuuur
uuuur uuuur uuuur r r
uuuur uuuur uuuur r r r
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1 1
1 1
A G 1 k a k b 1 k b k a b
1 1
a (1 3k) b a b
3 3
BG BG G G
]
+ +
]
]
+ +
]

uuuuur r r r r r
r r r r
uuur uuuur
HOT NG 2 (7):
HOT NG 3: (15)
BI TP 14 (SGK HH 10 T52).
Trong mt phng to cho tam gic ABCc cc nh A(-
4;1), B(2;4), C(2;-2).
a. Tnh chu vi v din tch ca tam gic ABC.
b. Tm to trng tm G, trc tm H v tm ng trn ngoi
tip I ca tam gic ABC, Hy kim tra tnh thng hng ca ba im
G, H, I.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Giao bi tp cho HS.
Treo hnh v sn.
Phn tch bi gip HS tm c
PP gii BT.
Yu cu HS gii phn a, .
? Nu H l trc tm ca tam gic, khi
ta phi c k no?
Yu cu HS thc hin, GV gim st.
Nhn bi, tm hiu yu cu bi v
xc nh PP gii.
Thc hin gii BT.
Li gii
a. HS t gii.
b. To trng tm G. G(0;1)
Gi H l trc tm tam gic, khi
ta phi c:
( )
. 0
*
. 0
HA BC HA BC
HB AC
HB AC

' '

uuur uuur
uuur uuur
Gi s H(x;y) ta c:
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Bi 4. Cho t gic ABCD.
1. Xc nh im O sao cho
OB 4 OC 2 OD. +
uuur uuur uuur
2. Tm cc im M tho mn
h thc:
MB 4 MC 2 MD | 3 MA| +
uuur uuur uuuur uuuur
A
B
C
D
I
G
E
O
(d)
H
Gi tr li
( )
( )
OB 4 OC 2 OD.
OB 4OB 4BC 2OB 2BD
3OB 2 BD BC 2BC
3OB 2CD 2BC
3OB 2 CD CB
3OB 4CI
OB CI
+
+ + +


+

uuur uuur uuur

uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuur
uuur uur
uuur uur
(V i I l trung im ca BD)
4
=
3
Vy O l nh th t ca hnh bnh
hnh BIEO vi OB CI
uuur uur
4
=
3
? Nu I l tm ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic, khi ta phi c k no?
Yu cu HS thc hin, GV gim st.
?. Vi ba im G, H, I tm c,
bng cch no ta chng t c
chng thng hng?
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
4; 1 , 2; 4
0; 6 , 6; 3
AH x y BH x y
BC AC
+

uuur uuur
uuur uuur
Thay vo (*) ta c h pt:
1
1 0
2
2 0
1
y x
x y
y

' '

vy
1
;1
2
H
| `

. ,
.
Gi I l tm ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic, khi ta c: ( ) **
IA IB
IB IC

'

Gi s I(x; y) ta c: (**)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
4 1 2 4
2 4 2 2
x y x y
x y x y

+ + +

'
+ + +

1
4
1
x
y

'

vy
1
,1
4
I
| `

. ,
Ta c
1 1
;0 , ;0
2 4
GH GI
| ` | `

. , . ,
uuur uur
Do
2 GH GI
uuur uur
nn ba im G, H, I
thng hng.
HOT NG 4: (8)
V d 2:
Trong mp to Oxy cho hai im M(-2;2) v N(4;1).
a. Tm trn trc Ox im P cch u hai im M v N.
b. Tnh c sin ca gc MON.
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Giao yu cu bi ton cho HS.
? Vi P Ox to ca P c xc
nh nh th no?
?. Tnh cc khong cch MP, NP?
?. Vy MP=NP khi p tho mn k
no?
? Vy p= ?, To ca P ?.
Tm hiu yu cu bi ton.
Thc hin gii:
Li gii
a. V P thuc Ox nn P c to
(p;0),
Khi :
?. Nhc li cng thc tnh gc gia
hai vc t?, p dng.

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 4 1
3
12 9 .
4
MP NP MP NP
p p
p p

+ + +

Vy
3
;0
4
P
| `

. ,
.
b. Ta c ( ) ( ) 2; 2 , 4;1 OM ON
uuuur uuur
. Vy:
cos cos( , )
2.4 2.1 3
8. 17 34
MON OM ON
+

uuuur uuur
HOT NG 6: (2)
3, Cng c ton bi:
- Nhc li cho HS nm vng cc PP gii bi tp.
4, Hng dn hc sinh hc nh:
- Chun b tt cho hi kim tra HK 1.