[ 1997-07-01] 1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE AS AMENDED (RULES 1 71, RULES OF COURT) PER RESOLUTION OF THE SUPREME COURT

T IN BAR MATTER NO. 803 ADOPTED IN BAGUIO CIT ON APRIL 8, 1997

RULES OF COURT Pursuant to the provisions of section 5(5) of Article VIII of the Constitution the !upre"e Court here#$ a%opts an% pro"ul&ates the follo'in& rules concernin& the protection an% enforce"ent of constitutional ri&hts plea%in& practice an% proce%ure in all courts the a%"ission to the practice of la' the Inte&rate% (ar an% le&al assistance to the un%erprivile&e%)

RULE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

SECTION 1. Title of the Rules.* +hese, -ules shall #e .no'n an% cite% as the -ules of Court, (1)

SEC. !. In what courts applicable. * +hese -ules shall appl$ in all the courts e/cept as other'ise provi%e% #$ the !upre"e Court, (n)

SEC. 3. Cases governed.* +hese -ules shall &overn the proce%ure to #e o#serve% in actions civil or cri"inal an% special procee%in&s,

(a) A civil action is one #$ 'hich a part$ sues another for the enforce"ent or protection of a ri&ht or the prevention or re%ress of a 'ron&, (1a -0)

A civil action "a$ either #e or%inar$ or special, (oth are &overne% #$ the rules for or%inar$ civil actions su#1ect to the specific rules prescri#e% for a special civil action, (n)

(#) A cri"inal action is one #$ 'hich the !tate prosecutes a person for an act or o"ission punisha#le #$ la', (n)

(c) A special procee%in& is a re"e%$ #$ 'hich a part$ see.s to esta#lish a status a ri&ht or a particular fact, (0a -0)

SEC. ". In what cases not applicable.* +hese -ules shall not appl$ to election cases lan% re&istration ca%astral naturali2ation an% insolvenc$ procee%in&s an% other cases not herein provi%e% for e/cept #$ analo&$ or in a suppletor$ character an% 'henever practica#le an% convenient, (-134a)

SEC. #. Commencement of action.* A civil action is co""ence% #$ the filin& of the ori&inal co"plaint in court, If an a%%itional %efen%ant is i"plea%e% in a later plea%in& the action is co""ence% 'ith re&ar% to hi" on the %ate of the filin& of such later plea%in& irrespective of 'hether the "otion for its a%"ission if necessar$ is %enie% #$ the court, (5a)

SEC. $. Construction.* +hese -ules shall #e li#erall$ construe% in or%er to pro"ote their o#1ective of securin& a 1ust spee%$ an% ine/pensive %isposition of ever$ action an% procee%in&, (0a)

CIVIL ACTIONS ORDINAR CIVIL ACTIONS

RULE ! CAUSE OF ACTION

SECTION 1. Ordinary civil actions, basis of.* 6ver$ or%inar$ civil action "ust #e #ase% on a cause of action, (n)

SEC. !. Cause of action, defined.* A cause of action is the act or o"ission #$ 'hich a part$ violates a ri&ht of another, (n)

SEC. 3. One suit for a single cause of action.* A part$ "a$ not institute "ore than one suit for a sin&le cause of action, (4a)

SEC. ". Splitting a single cause of action; effect of.* If t'o or "ore suits are institute% on the #asis of the sa"e cause of action the filin& of one or a 1u%&"ent upon the "erits in an$ one is availa#le as a &roun% for the %is"issal of the others, (3a)

SEC. #. oinder of causes of action.* A part$ "a$ in one plea%in& assert in the alternative or other'ise as "an$ causes of action as he "a$ have a&ainst an opposin& part$ su#1ect to the follo'in& con%itions)

(a) +he part$ 1oinin& the causes of action shall co"pl$ 'ith the rules on 1oin%er of parties7

(#) +he 1oin%er shall not inclu%e special civil actions or actions &overne% #$ special rules7

(c) 8here the causes of action are #et'een the sa"e parties #ut pertain to %ifferent venues or 1uris%ictions the 1oin%er "a$ #e allo'e% in the -e&ional +rial Court provi%e% one of the causes of action falls 'ithin the 1uris%iction of sai% court an% the venue lies therein7 an%

(%) 8here the clai"s in all the causes of action are principall$ for recover$ of "one$ the a&&re&ate a"ount clai"e% shall #e the test of 1uris%iction, (5a)

SEC. $. !is"oinder of causes of action.* 9is1oin%er of causes of action is not a &roun% for %is"issal of an action, A "is1oine% cause of action "a$ on "otion of a part$ or on the initiative of the court #e severe% an% procee%e% 'ith separatel$, (n)

RULE 3

PARTIES TO CIVIL ACTIONS

SECTION 1. #ho may be parties; plaintiff and defendant.* :nl$ natural or 1uri%ical persons or entities authori2e% #$ la' "a$ #e parties in a civil action, +he ter" ;plaintiff< "a$ refer to the clai"in& part$ the counter-clai"ant the cross-clai"ant or the thir% (fourth etc,)*part$ plaintiff, +he ter" =%efen%ant= "a$ refer to ori&inal %efen%in& part$ the %efen%ant in a counterclai" the cross%efen%ant or the thir% (fourth etc,)*part$ %efen%ant, (1a),

SEC. !. $arties in interest.* A real part$ in interest is the part$ 'ho stan%s to #e #enefite% or in1ure% #$ the 1u%&"ent in the suit or the part$ entitle% to the avails of the suit, >nless other'ise authori2e% #$ la' or these -ules ever$ action "ust #e prosecute% or %efen%e% in the na"e of the real part$ in interest, (0a)

SEC. 3. Representatives as parties.* 8here the action is allo'e% to #e prosecute% or %efen%e% #$ a representative or so"eone actin& in a fi%uciar$ capacit$ the #eneficiar$ shall #e inclu%e% in the title of the case an% shall #e %ee"e% to #e the real part$ in interest, A representative "a$ #e a trustee of an e/press trust a &uar%ian an e/ecutor or a%"inistrator or a part$ authori2e% #$ la' or these -ules, An a&ent actin& in his o'n na"e an% for the #enefit of an un%isclose% principal "a$ sue or #e sue% 'ithout 1oinin& the principal e/cept 'hen the contract involves thin&s #elon&in& to the principal, (4a)

SEC. ". Spouses as parties.* ?us#an% an% 'ife shall sue or #e sue% 1ointl$ e/cept as provi%e% #$ la', (3a)

SEC. #. !inor or incompetent persons.* A "inor or a person alle&e% to #e inco"petent "a$ sue or #e sue% 'ith the assistance of his father "other &uar%ian or if he has none a &uar%ian a% lite", (5a)

SEC. $. $ermissive "oinder of parties.* All persons in 'ho" or a&ainst 'ho" an$ ri&ht to relief in respect to or arisin& out of the sa"e transaction or series of transactions is alle&e% to e/ist 'hether 1ointl$ severall$ or in the alternative "a$ e/cept as other'ise provi%e% in these -ules 1oin as plaintiffs or #e 1oine% as %efen%ants in one co"plaint 'here an$ @uestion of la' or fact co""on to ,all such plaintiffs or to all such %efen%ants "a$ arise in the action7 #ut the court "a$ "a.e such or%ers as "a$ #e 1ust to prevent an$ plaintiff or %efen%ant fro" #ein& e"#arrasse% or put to e/pense in connection 'ith an$ procee%in&s in 'hich he "a$ have no interest, (5)

SEC. 7. Compulsory "oinder of indispensable parties. * Parties in interest 'ithout 'ho" no final %eter"ination can #e ha% of an action shall #e 1oine% either as plaintiffs or %efen%ants, (7)

SEC. 8. %ecessary party.* A necessar$ part$ is one 'ho is not in%ispensa#le #ut 'ho ou&ht to #e 1oine% as a part$ if co"plete relief is to #e accor%e% as to those alrea%$ parties or for a co"plete %eter"ination or settle"ent of the clai" su#1ect of the action, (Aa)

SEC. 9. %on&"oinder of necessary parties to be pleaded.* 8henever in an$ plea%in& in 'hich a clai" is asserte% a necessar$ part$ is not 1oine% the plea%er shall set forth his na"e if .no'n an% shall state 'h$ he is o"itte%, !houl% the court fin% the reason for the o"ission un"eritorious it "a$ or%er the inclusion of the o"itte% necessar$ part$ if 1uris%iction over his person "a$ #e o#taine%,

+he failure to co"pl$ 'ith the or%er for his inclusion 'ithout 1ustifia#le cause shall #e %ee"e% a 'aiver of the clai" a&ainst such part$,

+he non-inclusion of a necessar$ part$ %oes not prevent the court fro" procee%in& in the action an% the 1u%&"ent ren%ere% therein shall #e 'ithout pre1u%ice to the ri&hts of such necessar$ part$, (Aa 9a)

SEC. 10. 'nwilling co&plaintiff. * If the consent of an$ part$ 'ho shoul% #e 1oine% as plaintiff can not #e o#taine% he "a$ #e "a%e a %efen%ant an% the reason therefor shall #e state% in the co"plaint, (10)

SEC. 11. !is"oinder and non&"oinder of parties.* Beither "is1oin%er nor non-1oin%er of parties is &roun% or %is"issal of an action, Parties "a$ #e %roppe% or a%%e% #$ or%er of the court on "otion of an$ part$ or on its o'n initiative at an$ sta&e of the action an% on such ter"s as are 1ust, An$ clai" a&ainst a "is1oine% part$ "a$ #e severe% an% procee%e% 'ith separatel$, (11a)

SEC. 1!. Class suit.* 8hen the su#1ect "atter of the controvers$ is one of co""on or &eneral interest to "an$ persons so nu"erous that it is i"practica#le to 1oin all as parties a nu"#er of the" 'hich the court fin%s to #e sufficientl$ nu"erous an% representative as to full$ protect the interests of all concerne% "a$ sue or %efen% for the #enefit of all, An$ part$ in interest shall have the ri&ht to intervene to protect his in%ivi%ual interest, (10a)

SEC. 13. (lternative defendants.* 8here the plaintiff is uncertain a&ainst 'ho of several persons he is entitle% to relief he "a$ 1oin an$ or all of the" as %efen%ants in the alternative althou&h a ri&ht to relief a&ainst one "a$ #e inconsistent 'ith a ri&ht of relief a&ainst the other, (14a)

SEC. 1". 'n)nown identity or name of defendant. * 8henever the i%entit$ or na"e of a %efen%ant is un.no'n he "a$ #e sue% as the un.no'n o'ner heir %evisee or #$ such other %esi&nation as the case "a$ re@uire7 'hen his i%entit$ or true na"e is %iscovere% the plea%in& "ust #e a"en%e% accor%in&l$, (13)

SEC. 1#. *ntity without "uridical personality as defendant.* 8hen t'o or "ore persons not or&ani2e% as an entit$ 'ith 1uri%ical personalit$ enter into a transaction the$ "a$ #e sue% un%er the na"e #$ 'hich the$ are &enerall$ or co""onl$ .no'n,

In the ans'er of such %efen%ant the na"es an% a%%resses of the persons co"posin& sai% entit$ "ust all #e reveale%, (15a)

SEC 1$. +eath of party; duty of counsel* 8henever a part$ to a pen%in& action %ies an% the clai" is not there#$ e/tin&uishe% it shall #e the %ut$ of his counsel to infor" the court 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s after such %eath of the fact thereof an% to &ive the na"e an% a%%ress of his le&al representative or representatives,

Cailure of counsel to co"pl$ 'ith this %ut$ shall #e a &roun% for %isciplinar$ action,

+he heirs of the %ecease% "a$ #e allo'e% to #e su#stitute% for the %ecease% 'ithout re@uirin& the appoint"ent of an e/ecutor or a%"inistrator an% the court "a$ appoint a &uar%ian a% lite" for the "inor heirs,

+he court shall forth'ith or%er sai% le&al representative or representatives to appear an% #e su#stitute% 'ithin a perio% of thirt$ (40) %a$s fro" notice,

If no le&al representative is na"e% #$ the counsel for the %ecease% part$ or if the one so na"e% shall fail to appear 'ithin the specifie% perio% the court "a$ or%er the opposin& part$ 'ithin a specifie% ti"e to procure the appoint"ent of an e/ecutor or a%"inistrator for the estate of the %ecease% an% the

latter shall i""e%iatel$ appear for an% on #ehalf of the %ecease%, +he court char&es in procurin& such appoint"ent if %efra$e% #$ the opposin& part$ "a$ #e recovere% as costs, (15a 17a)

SEC. 17. +eath or separation of a party who is a public officer.* 8hen a pu#lic officer is a part$ in an action in his official capacit$ an% %urin& its pen%enc$ %ies resi&ns or other'ise ceases to hol% office the action "a$ #e continue% an% "aintaine% #$ or a&ainst his successor if 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s after the successor ta.es office or such ti"e as "a$ #e &rante% #$ the court it is satisfactoril$ sho'n to the court #$ an$ part$ that there is a su#stantial nee% for continuin& or "aintainin& it an% that the successor a%opts or continues or threatens to a%opt or continue the action of his pre%ecessor, (efore a su#stitution is "a%e the part$ or officer to #e affecte% unless e/pressl$ assentin& thereto shall #e &iven reasona#le notice of the application therefor an% accor%e% an opportunit$ to #e hear%, (1Aa)

SEC. 18. Incompetency or incapacity.* If a part$ #eco"es inco"petent or incapacitate% the court upon "otion 'ith notice "a$ allo' the action to #e continue% #$ or a&ainst the inco"petent incapacitate% person assiste% #$ his le&al &uar%ian or &uar%ian a% lite", (19a)

SEC. 19. Transfer of interest.* In case of an$ transfer of interest the action "a$ #e continue% #$ or a&ainst the ori&inal part$ unless the court upon "otion %irects the person to 'ho" the interest is transferre% to #e su#stitute% in the action or 1oine% 'ith the ori&inal part$, (00)

SEC. !0. (ction on contractual money claims.* 8hen the action is for recover$ of "one$ arisin& fro" contract e/press or i"plie% an% the %efen%ant %ies #efore entr$ of final 1u%&"ent in the court in 'hich the action 'as pen%in& at the ti"e of such %eath it shall not #e %is"isse% #ut shall instea% #e allo'e% to continue until entr$ of final 1u%&"ent, A favora#le 1u%&"ent o#taine% #$ the plaintiff therein shall #e enforce% in the "anner especiall$ provi%e% in these -ules for prosecutin& clai"s a&ainst the estate of a %ecease% person, (01a)

SEC. !1. Indigent party.* A part$ "a$ #e authori2e% to liti&ate his action clai" or %efense as an in%i&ent if the court upon an e/ parte application an% hearin& is satisfie% that the part$ is one 'ho has no "one$ or propert$ sufficient an% availa#le for foo% shelter an% #asic necessities for hi"self an% his fa"il$,

!uch authorit$ shall inclu%e an e/e"ption fro" pa$"ent of %oc.et an% other la'ful fees an% of transcripts of steno&raphic notes 'hich the court "a$ or%er to #e furnishe% hi", +he a"ount of the %oc.et an% other la'ful fees 'hich the in%i&ent 'as e/e"pte% fro" pa$in& shall #e a lien on an$ 1u%&"ent ren%ere% in the case favora#le to the in%i&ent unless the court other'ise provi%es,

An$ a%verse part$ "a$ contest the &rant of such authorit$ at an$ ti"e #efore 1u%&"ent is ren%ere% #$ the trial court, If the court shoul% %eter"ine after hearin& that the part$ %eclare% as an in%i&ent is in fact a person 'ith sufficient inco"e or propert$ the proper %oc.et an% other la'ful fees shall #e assese% an% collecte% #$ the cler. of court, If pa$"ent is not "a%e 'ithin the ti"e fi/e% #$ the court e/ecution shall issue or the pa$"ent thereof 'ithout pre1u%ice to such other sanctions as the court "a$ i"pose, (00a)

SEC !!. %otice to the Solicitor ,eneral.* In an$ action involvin& the vali%it$ of an$ treat$ la' or%inance e/ecutive or%er presi%ential %ecree rules or re&ulations the court in its %iscretion "a$ re@uire the appearance of the !olicitor Deneral 'ho "a$ #e hear% in person or throu&h a representative %ul$ %esi&nate% #$ hi", (04a)

RULE "

VENUE OF ACTIONS

SECTION 1. -enue of real actions.* Actions affectin& title to or possession of real propert$ or interest therein shall #e co""ence% an% trie% in the proper court 'hich has 1uris%iction over the area 'herein the real propert$ involve% or a portion thereof is situate%,

Corci#le entr$ an% %etainer actions shall #e co""ence% an% trie% in the "unicipal trial court of the "unicipalit$ or cit$ 'herein the real propert$ involve% or a portion thereof is situate%, (1[a] 0[a]a)

SEC. !. -enue of personal actions.* All other actions "a$ #e co""ence% an% trie% 'here the plaintiff or an$ of the principal plaintiffs resi%es or 'here the %efen%ant or an$ of the principal %efen%ants resi%es or in the case of a non-resi%ent %efen%ant 'here he "a$ #e foun% at the election of the plaintiff, (0[#]a)

SEC. 3. -enue of actions against nonresidents * If an$ of the %efen%ants %oes not resi%e an% is not foun% in the Philippines an% the action affects the personal status of the plaintiff or an$ propert$ of sai% %efen%ant locate% in the Philippines the action "a$ #e co""ence% an% trie% in the court of the place 'here the plaintiff resi%es 'here the propert$ or an$ portion thereof is situate% or foun%, (0[c]a)

SEC. ". #hen Rule not applicable.* +his -ule shall not appl$-

(a) In those cases 'here a specific rule or la' provi%es other'ise7 or

(#) 8here the parties have vali%l$ a&ree% in 'ritin& #efore the filin& of the action on the e/clusive venue thereof, (4a 5a)

RULE #

UNIFORM PROCEDURE IN TRIAL COURTS

SECTION 1. 'niform procedure.* +he proce%ure in the 9unicipal +rial Courts shall #e the sa"e as in the -e&ional +rial Courts e/cept (a) 'here a particular provision e/pressl$ or i"plie%l$ applies onl$ to either of sai% courts or (#) in civil cases &overne% #$ the -ule on !u""ar$ Proce%ure, (n)

SEC. !. !eaning of terms.* +he ter" =9unicipal +rial Courts= as use% in these -ules shall inclu%e 9etropolitan +rial Courts 9unicipal +rial Courts in Cities 9unicipal +rial Courts an% 9unicipal Circuit +rial Courts, (1a)

PROCEDURE IN REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS

RULE $

%INDS OF PLEADINGS

SECTION 1. $leadings defined.* Plea%in&s are the 'ritten state"ents of the respective clai"s an% %efenses of the parties su#"itte% to the court for appropriate 1u%&"ent, (1a)

SEC. !. $leadings allowed.* +he clai"s of a part$ are asserte% in a co"plaint counterclai" crossclai" thir% (fourth etc,)-part$ co"plaint or co"plaint-in-intervention,

+he %efenses of a part$ are alle&e% in the ans'er to the plea%in& assertin& a clai" a&ainst hi",

An ans'er "a$ #e respon%e% to #$ a repl$, (n)

SEC. 3. Complaint.* +he co"plaint is the plea%in& alle&in& the plaintiffs cause or causes of action, +he na"es an% resi%ences of the plaintiff an% %efen%ant "ust #e state% in the co"plaint, (4a)

SEC. ". (nswer.* An ans'er is a plea%in& in 'hich a %efen%in& part$ sets forth his %efenses, (3a)

SEC. #. +efenses.* Eefenses "a$ either #e ne&ative or affir"ative,

(a) A ne&ative %efense is the specific %enial of the "aterial fact or facts alle&e% in the plea%in& of the clai"ant essential to his cause or causes of action,

(#) An affir"ative %efense is an alle&ation of a ne' "atter 'hich 'hile h$potheticall$ a%"ittin& the "aterial alle&ations in the plea%in& of the clai"ant 'oul% nevertheless prevent or #ar recover$ #$ hi", +he affir"ative %efenses inclu%e frau% statute of li"itations release pa$"ent ille&alit$ statute of frau%s estoppel for"er recover$ %ischar&e in #an.ruptc$ an% an$ other "atter #$ 'a$ of confession an% avoi%ance, (5a)

SEC. $. Counterclaim.* A counterclai" is an$ clai" 'hich a %efen%in& part$ "a$ have a&ainst an opposin& part$, (5a)

SEC. 7. Compulsory counterclaim.* A co"pulsor$ counterclai" is one 'hich #ein& co&ni2a#le #$ the re&ular courts of 1ustice arises out of or is connecte% 'ith the transaction or occurrence constitutin& the su#1ect "atter of the opposin& part$Fs clai" an% %oes not re@uire for its a%1u%ication the presence of thir% parties of 'ho" the court cannot ac@uire 1uris%iction, !uch a counterclai" "ust #e 'ithin the 1uris%iction of the court #oth as to the a"ount an% the nature thereof e/cept that in an ori&inal action #efore the -e&ional +rial Court the counterclai" "a$ #e consi%ere% co"pulsor$ re&ar%less of the a"ount, (n)

SEC. 8. Cross&claim.* A cross-clai" is an$ clai" #$ one part$ a&ainst a co-part$ arisin& out of the transaction or occurrence that is the su#1ect "atter either of the ori&inal action or of a counterclai" therein, !uch cross-clai" "a$ inclu%e a clai" that the part$ a&ainst 'ho" it is asserte% is or "a$ #e lia#le to the cross-clai"ant for all or part of a clai" asserte% in the action a&ainst the cross-clai"ant, (7)

SEC. 9. Counter&counterclaims and counter&cross&claims.* A counterclai" "a$ #e asserte% a&ainst an ori&inal counter-clai"ant,

A cross-clai" "a$ also #e file% a&ainst an ori&inal cross-clai"ant, (n)

SEC. 10. Reply.* A repl$ is a plea%in& the office or function of 'hich is to %en$ or alle&e facts in %enial or avoi%ance of ne' "atters alle&e% #$ 'a$ of %efense in the ans'er an% there#$ 1oin or "a.e issue as to such ne' "atters, If a part$ %oes not file such repl$ all the ne' "atters alle&e% in the ans'er are %ee"e% controverte%,

If the plaintiff 'ishes to interpose an$ clai"s arisin& out of the ne' "atters so alle&e% such clai"s shall #e set forth in an a"en%e% or supple"ental co"plaint, (11)

SEC. 11. Third, .fourth, etc./0party complaint.0 ( third .fourth, etc./ * part$ co"plaint is a clai" that a %efen%in& part$ "a$ 'ith leave of court file a&ainst a person not a part$ to the action calle% the thir% (fourth etc,) *part$ %efen%ant for contri#ution in%e"nit$ su#ro&ation or an$ other relief in respect of his opponentFs clai", (10a)

SEC. 1!. 1ringing new parties.* 8hen the presence of parties other than those to the ori&inal action is re@uire% for the &rantin& of co"plete relief in the %eter"ination of a counterclai" or cross-clai" the

court shall or%er the" to #e #rou&ht in as %efen%ants if 1uris%iction over the" can #e o#taine%, (13)

SEC. 13. (nswer to third .fourth, etc./0 party complaint0 ( third .fourth, etc./ * part$ %efen%ant "a$ alle&e in his ans'er his %efenses counterclai"s or cross-clai"s inclu%in& such %efenses that the thir% (fourth etc,) *part$ plaintiff "a$ have a&ainst the ori&inal plaintiffs clai", In proper cases he "a$ also assert a counterclai" a&ainst the ori&inal plaintiff in respect of the latterFs clai" a&ainst the thir%-part$ plaintiff, (n)

RULE 7

PARTS OF A PLEADING

SECTION 1. Caption.* +he caption sets forth the na"e of the court the title of the action an% the %oc.et nu"#er if assi&ne%,

+he title of the action in%icates the na"es of the parties, +he$ shall all #e na"e% in the ori&inal co"plaint or petition7 #ut in su#se@uent plea%in&s it shall #e sufficient if the na"e of the first part$ on each si%e #e state% 'ith an appropriate in%ication 'hen there are other parties,

+heir respective participation in the case shall #e in%icate%, (1a 0a)

SEC. !. The body.* +he #o%$ of the plea%in& sets forth its %esi&nation the alle&ations of the part$Fs clai"s or %efenses the relief pra$e% for an% the %ate of the plea%in&, (n)

(a) $aragraphs. * +he alle&ations in the #o%$ of a plea%in& shall #e %ivi%e% into para&raphs so nu"#ere% as to #e rea%il$ i%entifie% each of 'hich shall contain a state"ent of a sin&le set of circu"stances so far as that can #e %one 'ith convenience, A para&raph "a$ #e referre% to #$ its nu"#er in all succee%in& plea%in&s, (4a)

(#) 2eadings.* 8hen t'o or "ore causes of action are 1oine% the state"ent of the first shall #e

preface% #$ the 'or%s ;first cause of action = of the secon% #$ =secon% cause of action = an% so on for the others,

8hen one or "ore para&raphs in the ans'er are a%%resse% to one of several causes of action in the co"plaint the$ shall #e preface% #$ the 'or%s =ans'er to the first cause of action= or =ans'er to the secon% cause of action= an% so on7 an% 'hen one or "ore para&raphs of the ans'er are a%%resse% to several causes of action the$ shall #e preface% #$ 'or%s to that effect, (3)

(c) Relief.* +he plea%in& shall specif$ the relief sou&ht #ut it "a$ a%% a &eneral pra$er for such further or other relief as "a$ #e %ee"e% 1ust or e@uita#le, (4a -5)

(%) +ate.* 6ver$ plea%in& shall #e %ate%, (n)

SEC. 3. Signature and address.* 6ver$ plea%in& "ust #e si&ne% #$ the part$ or counsel representin& hi" statin& in either case his a%%ress 'hich shoul% not #e a post office #o/,

+he si&nature of counsel constitutes a certificate #$ hi" that he has rea% the plea%in&7 that to the #est of his .no'le%&e infor"ation an% #elief there is &oo% &roun% to support it7 an% that it is not interpose% for %ela$,

An unsi&ne% plea%in& pro%uces no le&al effect, ?o'ever the court "a$ in its %iscretion allo' such %eficienc$ to #e re"e%ie% if it shall appear that the sa"e 'as %ue to "ere ina%vertence an% not inten%e% for %ela$, Counsel 'ho %eli#eratel$ files an unsi&ne% plea%in& or si&ns a plea%in& in violation of this -ule or alle&es scan%alous or in%ecent "atter therein or fails to pro"ptl$ report to the court a chan&e of his a%%ress shall #e su#1ect to appropriate %isciplinar$ action, (5a)

SEC. ". -erification.* 6/cept 'hen other'ise specificall$ re@uire% #$ la' or rule plea%in&s nee% not #e un%er oath verifie% or acco"panie% #$ affi%avit, (5a)

A plea%in& is verifie% #$ an affi%avit that the affiant has rea% the plea%in& an% that the alle&ations therein are true an% correct of his .no'le%&e an% #elief,

A plea%in& re@uire% to #e verifie% 'hich contains a #ase% on ;infor"ation an% #elief = or upon ;.no'le%&e infor"ation an% #elief = or lac.s a proper verification shall #e treate% as an unsi&ne% plea%in&, (5a)

SEC. #. Certification against forum shopping. * +he plaintiff or principal part$ shall certif$ un%er oath in the co"plaint or other initiator$ plea%in& assertin& a clai" for relief or in a s'orn certification anne/e% thereto an% si"ultaneousl$ file% there'ith) (a) that he has not theretofore co""ence% an$ action or file% an$ clai" involvin& the sa"e issues in an$ court tri#unal or @uasi-1u%icial a&enc$ an% to the #est of his .no'le%&e no such other action or clai" is pen%in& therein7 (#) if there is such other pen%in& action or clai" a co"plete state"ent of the present status thereof7 an% (c) if he shoul% thereafter learn that the sa"e or si"ilar action or clai" has #een file% or is pen%in& he shall report that fact 'ithin five (5) %a$s therefro" to the court 'herein his aforesai% co"plaint or initiator$ plea%in& has #een file%,

Cailure to co"pl$ 'ith the fore&oin& re@uire"ents shall not #e cura#le #$ "ere a"en%"ent of the co"plaint or other initiator$ plea%in& #ut shall #e cause for the %is"issal of the case 'ithout pre1u%ice unless other'ise provi%e% upon "otion an% after hearin&, +he su#"ission of a false certification or non-co"pliance 'ith an$ of the un%erta.in&s therein shall constitute in%irect conte"pt of court 'ithout pre1u%ice to the correspon%in& a%"inistrative an% cri"inal actions, If the acts of the part$ or his counsel clearl$ constitute 'illful an% %eli#erate foru" shoppin& the sa"e shall #e &roun% for su""ar$ %is"issal 'ith pre1u%ice an% shall constitute %irect conte"pt as 'ell as a cause for a%"inistrative sanctions, (n)

RULE 8

MANNER OF MA%ING ALLEGATIONS IN PLEADINGS

SECTION 1. In general.* 6ver$ plea%in& shall contain in a "etho%ical an% lo&ical for" a plain concise an% %irect state"ent of the ulti"ate facts on 'hich the part$ plea%in& relies for his clai" or %efense as the case "a$ #e o"ittin& the state"ent of "ere evi%entiar$ facts, (1)

If a %efense relie% on is #ase% on la' the pertinent provisions thereof an% their applica#ilit$ to hi" shall #e clearl$ an% concisel$ state%, (n)

SEC. !. (lternative causes of action or defenses.* A part$ "a$ set forth t'o or "ore state"ents of a clai" or %efense alternativel$ or h$potheticall$ either in one cause of action or %efense or in separate causes of action or %efenses, 8hen t'o or "ore state"ents are "a%e in the alternative an% one of the" if "a%e in%epen%entl$ 'oul% #e sufficient the plea%in& is not "a%e insufficient #$ the insufficienc$ of one or "ore of the alternative state"ents, (0)

SEC. 3. Conditions precedent.* In an$ plea%in& a &eneral aver"ent of the perfor"ance or occurrence of all con%itions prece%ent shall #e sufficient, (4)

SEC. ". Capacity.* Cacts sho'in& the capacit$ of a part$ to sue or #e sue% or the authorit$ of a part$ to sue or #e sue% in a representative capacit$ or the le&al e/istence of an or&ani2e% association of persons that is "a%e a part$ "ust #e averre%, A part$ %esirin& to raise an issue as to the le&al e/istence of an$ part$ or the capacit$ of an$ part$ to sue or #e sue% in a representative capacit$ shall %o so #$ specific %enial 'hich shall inclu%e such supportin& particulars as are peculiarl$ 'ithin the plea%erFs .no'le%&e, (3)

SEC #. 3raud, mista)e, condition of the mind.* In all aver"ents of frau% or "ista.e the circu"stances constitutin& frau% or "ista.e "ust #e state% 'ith particularit$, 9alice intent .no'le%&e or other con%ition of the "in% of a person "a$ #e averre% &enerall$, (5a)

SEC. $. udgment.* In plea%in& a 1u%&"ent or %ecision of a %o"estic or forei&n court 1u%icial or @uasi-1u%icial tri#unal or of a #oar% or officer it is sufficient to aver the 1u%&"ent or %ecision 'ithout settin& forth "atter sho'in& 1uris%iction to ren%er it, (5)

SEC. 7. (ction or defense based on document. * 8henever an action or %efense is #ase% upon a 'ritten instru"ent or %ocu"ent the su#stance of such instru"ent or %ocu"ent shall #e set forth in the plea%in& an% the ori&inal or a cop$ thereof shall #e attache% to the plea%in& as an e/hi#it 'hich shall #e %ee"e% to #e a part of the plea%in& or sai% cop$ "a$ 'ith li.e effect #e set forth in the plea%in&, (7)

SEC. 8. 2ow to contest such documents.* 8hen an action or %efense is foun%e% upon a 'ritten instru"ent copie% in or attache% to the correspon%in& plea%in& as provi%e% in the prece%in& section the &enuineness an% %ue e/ecution of the instru"ent shall #e %ee"e% a%"itte% unless the a%verse part$ un%er oath specificall$ %enies the" an% sets forth 'hat he clai"s to #e the facts7 #ut the re@uire"ent of an oath %oes not appl$ 'hen the a%verse part$ %oes not appear to #e a part$ to the instru"ent or 'hen co"pliance 'ith an or%er for an inspection of the ori&inal instru"ent is refuse%, (Aa)

SEC. 9. Official document or act.* In plea%in& an official %ocu"ent or official act it is sufficient to aver that the %ocu"ent 'as issue% or the act %one in co"pliance 'ith la', (9)

SEC. 10. Specific denial.* A %efen%ant "ust specif$ each "aterial alle&ation of fact the truth of 'hich he %oes not a%"it an% 'henever practica#le shall set forth the su#stance of the "atters upon 'hich he relies to support his %enial, 8here a %efen%ant %esires to %en$ onl$ a part of an aver"ent he shall specif$ so "uch of it as is true an% "aterial an% shall %en$ onl$ the re"ain%er, 8here %efen%ant is 'ithout .no'le%&e or infor"ation sufficient to for" a #elief as to the truth of a "aterial aver"ent "a%e in the co"plaint he shall so state an% this shall have the effect of a %enial, (10a)

SEC. 11. (llegations not specifically denied deemed admitted.* 9aterial aver"ent in the co"plaint other than those as to the a"ount of unli@ui%ate% %a"a&es shall #e %ee"e% a%"itte% 'hen not specificall$ %enie%, Alle&ations of usur$ in a co"plaint to recover usurious interest are %ee"e% a%"itte% if not %enie% un%er oath, (1a -9)

SEC. 1!. Stri)ing out of pleading or matter contained therein.* >pon "otion "a%e #$ a part$ #efore respon%in& to a plea%in& or if no responsive plea%in& is per"itte% #$ these -ules upon "otion "a%e #$ a part$ 'ithin t'ent$ (00) %a$s after the service of the plea%in& upon hi" or upon the courtFs o'n initiative at an$ ti"e the court "a$ or%er an$ plea%in& to #e stric.en out or that an$ sha" or false re%un%ant i""aterial i"pertinent or scan%alous "atter #e stric.en out therefro", (5 -9)

RULE 9

EFFECT OF FAILURE TO PLEAD

SECTION 1. +efenses and ob"ections not pleaded.* Eefenses an% o#1ections not plea%e% either in a "otion to %is"iss or in the ans'er are %ee"e% 'aive%, ?o'ever 'hen it appears fro" the plea%in&s or the evi%ence on recor% that the court has no 1uris%iction over the su#1ect "atter that there is another action pen%in& #et'een the sa"e parties for the sa"e cause or that the action is #arre% #$ a prior 1u%&"ent or #$ statute of li"itations the court shall %is"iss the clai", (0a)

SEC.!. Compulsory counterclaim, or cross&claim, not set up barred. * A co"pulsor$ counterclai"

or a cross-clai" set up shall #e #arre%, (3a)

SEC. 3. +efault; declaration of.* If the %efen%in& fails to ans'er 'ithin the ti"e allo'e% therefor the court shall upon "otion of the clai"in& part$ 'ith notice to the %efen%in& part$ an% proof of such failure %eclare the %efen%in& part$ in %efault, +hereupon the court shall procee% to ren%er 1u%&"ent &rantin& the clai"ant such relief as his plea%in& "a$ 'arrant unless the court in its %iscretion re@uires the clai"ant to su#"it evi%ence, !uch reception of evi%ence "a$ #e %ele&ate% to the cler. of court, (1a -1A)

(a) *ffect of order of default.* A part$ in %efault shall #e entitle% to notice of su#se@uent procee%in&s #ut not to ta.e part in the trial, (0a -1A)

(#) Relief from order of default. * A part$ %eclare% in %efault "a$ at an$ ti"e after notice thereof an% #efore 1u%&"ent file a "otion un%er oath to set asi%e the or%er of %efault upon proper sho'in& that his failure to ans'er 'as %ue to frau% acci%ent "ista.e or e/cusa#le ne&li&ence an% that he has a "eritorious %efense, In such case the or%er of %efault "a$ #e set asi%e on such ter"s an% con%itions as the 1u%&e "a$ i"pose in the interest of 1ustice, (4a -1A)

(c) *ffect of partial default. * 8hen a plea%in& assertin& a clai" states a co""on cause of action a&ainst several %efen%in& parties so"e of 'ho" ans'er an% the others fail to %o so the court shall tr$ the case a&ainst all upon the ans'ers thus file% an% ren%er 1u%&"ent upon the evi%ence presente%, (3a -1A)

(%) *4tent of relief to be awarded.* A 1u%&"ent ren%ere% a&ainst a part$ in %efault shall not e/cee% the a"ount or #e %ifferent in .in% fro" that pra$e% for nor a'ar% unli@ui%ate% %a"a&es, (5a -1A)

(e) #here no defaults allowed.* If the %efen%in& part$ in action for annul"ent or %eclaration of nullit$ of "arria&e or for le&al separation fails to ans'er the court shall or%er the prosecutin& attorne$ to investi&ate 'hether or not a collusion #et'een the parties e/ists if there is no collusion to intervene for the !tate in or%er to see to it that the evi%ence su#"itte% is not fa#ricate, (5a -1A)

RULE 10

AMENDED AND SUPPLEMENTAL PLEADINGS

SECTION 1. (mendments in general.* Plea%in&s "a$ #e a"en%e% #$ a%%in& or stri.in& out an alle&ation or the na"e of an$ part$ or #$ correctin& a "ista.e in the na"e of a part$ or a "ista.en or ina%e@uate alle&ation or %escription in an$ other respect so that the actual "erits of the controvers$ "a$ spee%il$ #e %eter"ine% 'ithout re&ar% to technicalities an% in the "ost e/pe%itious an% ine/pensive "anner, (1)

SEC. !. (mendments as a matter of right.* A part$ "a$ a"en% his plea%in& once as a "atter of ri&ht at an$ ti"e #efore a responsive plea%in& is serve% or in the case of a repl$ at an$ ti"e 'ithin ten (10) %a$s after it is serve%, (0a)

SEC. 3. (mendments by leave of court.* 6/cept as provi%e% in the ne/t prece%in& section su#stantial a"en%"ents "a$ #e "a%e onl$ upon leave of court, (ut such leave "a$ #e refuse% if it appears to the court that the "otion 'as "a%e 'ith intent to %ela$, :r%ers of the court upon the "atters provi%e% in this section shall #e "a%e upon "otion file% in court an% after notice to the a%verse part$ an% an opportunit$ to #e hear%, (4a)

SEC. ". 3ormal amendments.* A %efect in the %esi&nation of the parties an% other clearl$ clerical or t$po&raphical errors "a$ #e su""aril$ correcte% #$ the court at an$ sta&e of the action at its initiative or on "otion provi%e% no pre1u%ice is cause% there#$ to the a%verse part$, (3a)

SEC. #. (mendment to conform to or authori5e presentation of evidence.* 8hen issues not raise% #$ the plea%in&s are trie% 'ith the e/press or i"plie% consent the parties the$ shall #e treate% in all respects as if the$ ha% #een raise% in the plea%in&s, !uch a"en%"ent of the plea%in&s as "a$ #e necessar$ to cause the" to confor" to the evi%ence an% to raise these issues "a$ #e "a%e upon "otion of an$ part$ at an$ ti"e even after 1u%&"ent7 #ut failure to a"en% %oes not affect the result of the trial of these issues, If evi%ence is o#1ecte% to at the trial on the &roun% that it is not 'ithin the issues "a%e #$ the plea%in&s the court "a$ allo' the plea%in&s to #e a"en%e% an% shall %o so 'ith li#eralit$ if the presentation of the "erits of the action an% the en%s of su#stantial 1ustice 'ill #e su#serve% there#$, +he court "a$ &rant a continuance to ena#le the a"en%"ent to #e "a%e, (5a)

SEC. $. Supplemental pleadings.* >pon "otion of a part$ the court "a$ upon reasona#le notice an% upon such ter"s as are 1ust per"it hi" to serve a supple"ental plea%in& settin& forth transactions occurrences or events 'hich have happene% since the %ate of the plea%in& sou&ht to #e supple"ente%, +he a%verse part$ "a$ plea% thereto 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" notice of the or%er a%"ittin& the

supple"ental plea%in&, (5a)

SEC. 7. 3iling of amended pleadings.* 8hen an$ plea%in& is a"en%e% a ne' cop$ of the entire plea%in& incorporatin& the a"en%"ents 'hich shall #e in%icate% #$ appropriate "ar.s shall #e file%, (7a)

SEC. 8. *ffect of amended pleadings.* An a"en%e% plea%in& superse%es the plea%in& that it a"en%s, ?o'ever a%"issions in superse%e% plea%in&s "a$ #e receive% in evi%ence a&ainst the plea%er7 an% clai"s or %efenses alle&e% therein not incorporate% in the a"en%e% shall #e %ee"e% 'aive%, (n)

RULE 11

&HEN TO FILE RESPONSIVE PLEADINGS

SECTION 1. (nswer to the complaint.* +he %efen%ant shall file his ans'er to the co"plaint 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s after service of su""ons unless %ifferent perio% is fi/e% #$ the court, (1a)

SEC. !. (nswer of a defendant foreign private "uridical entity. * 8here the %efen%ant is a forei&n private 1uri%ical entit$ an% service of su""ons is "a%e on the &overn"ent official %esi&nate% #$ la' to receive the sa"e the ans'er shall #e file% 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s after receipt of su""ons #$ such entit$, (0a)

SEC. 3. (nswer to amended complaint.* 8here the plaintiff files an a"en%e% co"plaint as a "atter of ri&ht the %efen%ant shall ans'er the sa"e 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s after #ein& serve% 'ith a cop$ thereof,

8here its filin& is not a "atter of ri&ht the %efen%ant shall ans'er the a"en%e% co"plaint 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" notice of the or%er a%"ittin& the sa"e, An ans'er earlier file% "a$ serve as the ans'er to the a"en%e% co"plaint if no ne' ans'er is file%,

+his -ule shall appl$ to the ans'er to an a"en%e% counterclai" a"en%e% cross-clai" a"en%e% thir% (fourth etc,) *part$ co"plaint an% a"en%e% co"plaint-in-intervention, (4a)

SEC. ". (nswer to counterclaim or cross&claim. * A counterclai" or cross-clai" "ust #e ans'ere% 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" service, (3)

SEC. #. (nswer to third .fourth, etc./ 0party complaint.* +he ti"e to ans'er a thir% (fourth etc) * part$ co"plaint shall #e &overne% #$ the sa"e rule as the ans'er to the co"plaint, (5a)

SEC. $. Reply. * A repl$ "a$ #e file% 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" service of the plea%in& respon%e% to, (5)

SEC. 7. (nswer to supplemental complaint. * A supple"ental co"plaint "a$ #e ans'ere% 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" notice of the or%er a%"ittin& the sa"e unless a %ifferent perio% is fi/e% #$ the court, +he ans'er to the co"plaint shall serve as the ans'er to the supple"ental co"plaint if no ne' or supple"ental ans'er is file%, (n)

SEC. 8. *4isting counterclaim or cross&claim. * A co"pulsor$ counterclai" or a cross-clai" that a %efen%in& part$ has at the ti"e he files his ans'er shall #e containe% therein, (Aa -5)

SEC. 9. Counterclaim or cross&claim arising after answer.* A counterclai" or a cross-clai" 'hich either "ature% or 'as ac@uire% #$ a part$ after servin& his plea%in& "a$ 'ith the per"ission of the court #e presente% as a counterclai" or a cross-clai" #$ supple"ental plea%in& #efore 1u%&"ent, (9 -5)

SEC. 10. Omitted counterclaim or cross&claim.* 8hen a plea%er fails to set up a counterclai" or a cross-clai" throu&h oversi&ht ina%vertence or e/cusa#le ne&lect or 'hen 1ustice re@uires he "a$ #$ leave of court set up the counterclai" or cross-clai" #$ a"en%"ent #efore 1u%&"ent, (4a -9)

SEC. 11. *4tension of time to plead.* >pon "otion an% on such ter"s as "a$ #e 1ust the court "a$ e/ten% the ti"e to plea% provi%e% in these -ules,

+he court "a$ also upon li.e ter"s allo' an ans'er or other plea%in& to #e file% after the ti"e fi/e% #$ these -ules, (7)

RULE 1!

BILL OF PARTICULARS

SEC. 1. #hen applied for; purpose.* (efore respon%in& to a plea%in& a part$ "a$ "ove for a %efinite state"ent or for a #ill of particulars of an$ "atter 'hich is not averre% 'ith sufficient %efiniteness or particularit$ to ena#le hi" properl$ to prepare his responsive plea%in&, If the plea%in& is a repl$ the "otion "ust #e file% 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" service thereof, !uch "otion shall point out the %efects co"plaine% of the para&raphs 'herein the$ are containe% an% the %etails %esire%, (1a)

SEC. !. (ction by the court.* >pon the filin& of the "otion the cler. of court "ust i""e%iatel$ #rin& it to the attention of the court 'hich "a$ either %en$ or &rant it outri&ht or allo' the parties the opportunit$ to #e hear%, (n)

SEC. 3. Compliance with order.* If the "otion is &rante% either in 'hole or in part the co"pliance there'ith "ust #e effecte% 'ithin ten D:) %a$s fro" notice of the or%er unless a %ifferent perio% is fi/e% #$ the court, +he #ill of particulars or a "ore %efinite state"ent or%ere% #$ the court "a$ #e file% either in a separate or in an a"en%e% plea%in& servin& a cop$ thereof on the a%verse part$, (n)

SEC. ". *ffect of non&compliance.* If the or%er is not o#e$e% or in case of insufficient co"pliance there'ith the court "a$ or%er the stri.in& out of the plea%in& or the portions thereof to 'hich the or%er 'as %irecte% or "a.e such other or%er as it %ee"s 1ust, (1[c]a)

SEC. #. Stay of period to file responsive pleading.* After service of the #ill of particulars or of a "ore %efinite plea%in& or after notice of %enial of his "otion the "ovin& part$ "a$ file his responsive plea%in& 'ithin the perio% to 'hich he 'as entitle% at the ti"e of filin& his "otion 'hich shall not #e less than five (5) %a$s in an$ event, (1[#]a)

SEC. $. 1ill a part of pleading.* A #ill of particulars #eco"es part of the plea%in& for 'hich it is inten%e%, (1[a]a)

RULE 13

FILING AND SERVICE OF PLEADINGS, 'UDGMENTS AND OTHER PAPERS

SECTION 1. Coverage.* +his -ule shall &overn the filin& of all plea%in&s an% other papers as 'ell as the service thereof e/cept those for 'hich a %ifferent "o%e of service is prescri#e%, (n)

SEC. !. 3iling and service, defined.* Cilin& is the act of presentin& the plea%in& or other paper to the cler. of court,

!ervice is the act of provi%in& a part$ 'ith a cop$ of the plea%in& or paper concerne%, If an$ part$ has appeare% #$ counsel service upon hi" shall #e "a%e upon his counsel or one of the" unless service upon the part$ hi"self is or%ere% #$ the court, 8here one counsel appears for several parties he shall onl$ #e entitle% to one cop$ of an$ paper serve% upon hi" #$ the opposite si%e, (0a)

SEC. 3. !anner of filing.* +he filin& of plea%in&s appearances "otions notices or%ers 1u%&"ents an% all other papers shall #e "a%e #$ presentin& the ori&inal copies thereof plainl$ in%icate% as such personall$ to the cler. of court or #$ sen%in& the" #$ re&istere% "ail, In the first case the cler. of court shall en%orse on the plea%in& the %ate an% hour of filin&, In the secon% case the %ate of the "ailin& of "otions plea%in&s or an$ other papers or pa$"ents or %eposits as sho'n #$ the post office sta"p on the envelope or the re&istr$ receipt shall #e consi%ere% as the %ate of their filin& pa$"ent or %eposit in court, +he envelope shall #e attache% to the recor% of the case, (1a)

SEC. ". $apers re6uired to be filed and served. * 6ver$ 1u%&"ent resolution or%er plea%in& su#se@uent to the co"plaint 'ritten "otion notice appearance %e"an% offer of 1u%&"ent or si"ilar papers shall #e file% 'ith the court an% serve% upon the parties affecte%, (0a)

SEC. #. !odes of service. * !ervice of plea%in&s "otions notices or%ers 1u%&"ents an% other papers shall #e "a%e either personall$ or #$ "ail, (4a)

SEC. $. $ersonal service.* !ervice of the papers "a$ #e "a%e #$ %eliverin& personall$ a cop$ to the part$ or his counsel or #$ leavin& it in his office 'ith his cler. or 'ith a person havin& char&e thereof, If no person is foun% in his office or his office is not .no'n or he has no office then #$ leavin& the cop$ #et'een the hours of ei&ht in the "ornin& an% si/ in the evenin& at the part$Fs or counselFs resi%ence if .no'n 'ith a person of sufficient a&e an% %iscretion then resi%in& therein, (3a)

SEC. 7. Service by mail.* !ervice #$ re&istere% "ail shall #e "a%e #$ %epositin& the cop$ in the post office in a seale% envelope plainl$ a%%resse% to the part$ or his counsel at his office if .no'n other'ise at his resi%ence if .no'n 'ith posta&e full$ pre-pai% an% 'ith instructions to the post"aster to return the "ail to the sen%er after ten (10) %a$s if un%elivere%, If no re&istr$ service is availa#le in the localit$ of either the sen%er or the a%%ressee service "a$ #e %one #$ or%inar$ "ail, (5a)

SEC. 8. Substituted service.* If service of plea%in&s "otions notices resolutions or%ers an% other papers cannot #e "a%e un%er the t'o prece%in& sections the office an% place of resi%ence of the part$ or his counsel #ein& un.no'n service "a$ #e "a%e #$ %eliverin& the cop$ to the cler. of court 'ith proof of failure of #oth personal service an% service #$ "ail, +he service is co"plete at the ti"e of such %eliver$, (5a)

SEC. 9. Service of "udgments, final orders or resolutions.* Gu%&"ents final or%ers or resolutions shall #e serve% either personall$ or #$ re&istere% "ail, 8hen a part$ su""one% #$ pu#lication has faile% to appear in the action 1u%&"ents final or%ers or resolutions a&ainst hi" shall #e serve% upon hi" also #$ pu#lication at the e/pense of the prevailin& part$, (7a)

SEC. 10. Completeness of service.* Personal service is co"plete upon actual %eliver$, !ervice #$ or%inar$ "ail is co"plete upon the e/piration of ten (10) %a$s after "ailin& unless the court other'ise provi%es, !ervice #$ re&istere% "ail is co"plete upon actual receipt #$ the a%%ressee or after five (5) %a$s fro" the %ate he receive% the first notice of the post"aster 'hichever %ate is earlier, (Aa)

SEC. 11. $riorities in modes of service and filing.* 8henever practica#le the service an% filin& of plea%in&s an% other papers shall #e %one personall$, 6/cept 'ith respect to papers e"anatin& fro" the court a resort to other "o%es "ust #e acco"panie% #$ a 'ritten e/planation 'h$ the service or filin& 'as not %one personall$, A violation of this -ule "a$ #e cause to consi%er the paper as not file%, (n)

SEC. 1!. P())* )* *+,+-..* +he filin& of a plea%in& or paper shall #e prove% #$ its e/istence in the recor% of the case, If it is not in the recor% #ut is clai"e% to have #een file% personall$ the filin& shall #e prove% #$ the 'ritten or sta"pe% ac.no'le%&"ent of its filin& #$ the cler. of court on a cop$ of the sa"e7 if file% #$ re&istere% "ail #$ the re&istr$ receipt an% #$ the affi%avit of the person 'ho %i% the "ailin& containin& a full state"ent of the %ate an% place of %epositin& the "ail in the post office in a seale% envelope a%%resse% to the court 'ith posta&e full$ prepai% an% 'ith instructions to the post"aster to return the "ail to the sen%er after ten (10) %a$s if not %elivere%, (n)

SEC. 13. $roof of service.* Proof of personal service shall consist of a 'ritten a%"ission of the part$ serve% or the official return of the server or the affi%avit of the part$ servin& containin& a full state"ent of the %ate place an% "anner of service, If the service is #$ or%inar$ "ail proof thereof shall consist of an affi%avit of the person "ailin& of facts sho'in& co"pliance 'ith section 7 of this -ule, If service is "a%e #$ re&istere% "ail proof shall #e "a%e #$ such affi%avit an% the re&istr$ receipt issue% #$ "ailin& office, +he re&istr$ return car% shall #e i""e%iatel$ upon its receipt #$ the sen%er or in lieu thereof the unclai"e% letter to&ether 'ith the certifie% or s'orn cop$ of the notice &iven #$ the post"aster to the a%%ressee, (10a)

SEC. 1". %otice of lis pendens.* In an action affectin& the title or the ri&ht of possession of real propert$ the plaintiff an% the %efen%ant 'hen affir"ative relief is clai"e% in his ans'er "a$ recor% in the office of the re&istr$ of %ee%s of the province in 'hich the propert$ is situate% a notice of the pen%enc$ of the action, !ai% notice shall contain the na"es of the parties an% the o#1ect of the action or %efense an% a %escription of the properl$ in that province affecte% there#$, :nl$ fro" the ti"e of filin& such notice for recor% shall a purchaser or encu"#rancer of the propert$ affecte% there#$, :nl$ fro" the ti"e of filin& such notice for recor% shall a purchaser or encu"#rancer of the propert$ affecte% there#$ #e %ee"e% to have constructive notice of the pen%enc$ of the action an% onl$ of its pen%enc$ a&ainst the parties %esi&nate% #$ their real na"es,

+he notice of lis pen%ens hereina#ove "entione% "a$ #e cancelle% onl$ upon or%er of the court after proper sho'in& that the notice is for the purpose of "olestin& the a%verse part$ or that it is not necessar$ to protect the ri&hts of the part$ 'ho cause% it to #e recor%e%, (03a -13)

RULE 1"

SUMMONS

SECTION 1. Cler) to issue summons.* >pon the filin& of the co"plaint an% the pa$"ent of the

re@uisite le&al fees the cler. of court shall forth'ith issue the correspon%in& su""ons to the %efen%ants, (1a)

SEC. !. Contents.* +he su""ons shall #e %irecte% to the %efen%ant si&ne% #$ the cler. of court un%er seal an% contain) (a) the na"e of the court an% the na"es of the parties to the action7 (#) a %irection that the %efen%ant ans'er 'ithin the ti"e fi/e% #$ these -ules7 (c) a notice that unless the %efen%ant so ans'ers plaintiff 'ill ta.e 1u%&"ent #$ %efault an% "a$ #e &rante% the relief applie% for,

A cop$ of the co"plaint an% or%er for appoint"ent of &uar%ian a% lite" if an$ shall #e attache% to the ori&inal an% each cop$ of the su""ons, (4a)

SEC. 3. 1y whom served.* +he su""ons "a$ #e serve% #$ the sheriff his %eput$ or other proper court officer or for 1ustifia#le reasons #$ an$ suita#le person authori2e% #$ the court issuin& the su""ons, (5a)

SEC. ". Return.* 8hen the service has #een co"plete% the server shall 'ithin five (5) %a$s therefro" serve a cop$ of the return personall$ or #$ re&istere% "ail to the plaintiffs counsel an% shall return the su""ons to the cler. 'ho issue% it acco"panie% #$ proof of service, (5a)

SEC. #. Issuance of alias summons.* If a su""ons is returne% 'ithout #ein& serve% on an$ or all of the %efen%ants the server shall also serve a cop$ of the return on the plaintiffs counsels statin& the reasons for the failure of service 'ithin five (5) %a$s therefro", In such a case or if the su""ons has #een lost the cler. on %e"an% of the plaintiff "a$ issue an alias su""ons, (3a)

SEC. $. Service in person on defendant.* 8henever practica#le the su""ons shall #e serve% #$ han%in& a cop$ thereof to the %efen%ant in person or if he refuses to receive an% si&n for it #$ ten%erin& it to hi", (7a)

SEC. 7. Substituted service.* If for 1ustifia#le causes the %efen%ant cannot #e serve% 'ithin a reasona#le ti"e as provi%e% in the prece%in& section service "a$ #e effecte% (a) #$ leavin& copies of the su""ons at the %efen%antFs resi%ence 'ith so"e person of suita#le a&e an% %iscretion then resi%in& therein or (#) #$ leavin& the copies at %efen%antFs office or re&ular place of #usiness 'ith so"e co"petent person in char&e thereof, (Aa)

SEC. 8. Service upon entity without "uridical personality.* 8hen persons associate% in an entit$ 'ithout 1uri%ical personalit$ are sue% un%er the na"e #$ 'hich the$ are &enerall$ or co""onl$ .no'n service "a$ #e effecte% upon all the %efen%ants #$ servin& upon an$ one of the" or upon the person in char&e of the office or place of #usiness "aintaine% in such na"e, (ut such service shall not #in% in%ivi%uall$ an$ person 'hose connection 'ith the entit$ has upon %ue notice #een severe% #efore the action 'as #rou&ht, (9a)

SEC. 9. Service upon prisoners.* 8hen the %efen%ant is a prisoner confine% in a 1ail or institution service shall #e effecte% upon hi" #$ the officer havin& the "ana&e"ent of such 1ail or institution 'ho is %ee"e% %eputi2e% as a special sheriff for sai% purpose, (10a)

SEC. 10. Service upon minors and incompetents.* 8hen the %efen%ant is a "inor insane or other'ise an inco"petent service shall #e "a%e upon hi" personall$ an% on his le&al &uar%ian if he has one or if none upon his &uar%ian a% lite" 'hose appoint"ent shall #e applie% for #$ the plaintiff, In the case of a "inor service "a$ also #e "a%e on his father or "other, (10a 11a)

SEC. 11. Service upon domestic private "uridical entity.* 8hen the %efen%ant is a corporation partnership or association or&ani2e% un%er the la's of the Philippines 'ith a 1uri%ical personalit$ service "a$ #e "a%e on the presi%ent "ana&in& partner &eneral "ana&er corporate secretar$ treasurer or in-house counsel, (14a)

SEC. 1!. Service upon foreign private "uridical entity.* 8hen the %efen%ant is a forei&n private 1uri%ical entit$ 'hich has transacte% #usiness in the Philippines service "a$ #e "a%e on its resi%ent a&ent %esi&nate% in accor%ance 'ith la' for that purpose or if there #e no such a&ent on the &overn"ent official %esi&nate% #$ la' to that effect or on an$ of its officers or a&ents 'ithin the Philippines, (13a)

SEC. 13. Service upon public corporations. * 8hen the %efen%ant is the -epu#lic of the Philippines service "a$ #e effecte% on the !olicitor Deneral7 in case of a province cit$ or "unicipalit$ or li.e pu#lic corporations service "a$ #e effecte% on its e/ecutive hea% or on such other officer or officers as the la' or the court "a$ %irect, (15)

SEC. 1". Service upon defendant whose identity or whereabouts are un)nown.* In an$ action 'here the %efen%ant is %esi&nate% as an un.no'n o'ner or the li.e or 'henever his 'herea#outs are un.no'n an% cannot #e ascertaine% #$ %ili&ent in@uir$ service "a$ #$ leave of court #e effecte% upon hi" #$ pu#lication in a ne'spaper of &eneral circulation an% in such places an% for such ti"e as the

court "a$ or%er, (15a)

SEC. 1#. *4traterritorial service.* 8hen the %efen%ant %oes not resi%e an% is not foun% in the Philippines an% the action affects the personal status of the plaintiff or relates to or the su#1ect of 'hich is propert$ 'ithin the Philippines in 'hich the %efen%ant has or clai"s a lien or interest actual or contin&ent or in 'hich the relief %e"an%e% consists 'holl$ or in part in e/clu%in& the %efen%ant fro" an$ interest therein or the propert$ of the %efen%ant has #een attache% 'ithin the Philippines service "a$ #$ leave of court #e effecte% out of the Philippines #$ personal service as un%er section 57 or #$ pu#lication in a ne'spaper of &eneral circulation in such places an% for such ti"e as the court "a$ or%er in 'hich case a cop$ of the su""ons an% or%er of the court shall #e sent #$ re&istere% "ail to the last .no'n a%%ress of the %efen%ant or in an$ other "anner the court "a$ %ee" sufficient, An$ or%er &rantin& such leave shall specif$ a reasona#le ti"e 'hich shall not #e less than si/t$ (50) %a$s after notice 'ithin 'hich the %efen%ant "ust ans'er, (17a)

SEC. 1$. Residents temporarily out of the $hilippines.* 8hen an$ action is co""ence% a&ainst a %efen%ant 'ho or%inaril$ resi%es 'ithin the Philippines #ut 'ho is te"poraril$ out of it service "a$ #$ leave of court #e also effecte% out of the Philippines as un%er the prece%in& section, (1Aa)

SEC. 17. 7eave of court. * An$ application to the court un%er this -ule for leave to effect service in an$ "anner for 'hich leave of court is necessar$ shall #e "a%e #$ "otion in 'ritin& supporte% #$ affi%avit of the plaintiff or so"e person on his #ehalf settin& forth the &roun%s for the application, (19)

SEC. 18. $roof of service. * +he proof of service of a su""ons shall #e "a%e in 'ritin& #$ the server an% shall set forth the "anner place an% %ate of service7 shall specif$ an$ papers 'hich have #een serve% 'ith the process an% the na"e of the person 'ho receive% the sa"e7 an% shall #e s'orn to 'hen "a%e #$ a person other than a sheriff or his %eput$, (00)

SEC. 19. $roof of service by publication. * If the service has #een "a%e #$ pu#lication service "a$ #e prove% #$ the affi%avit of the printer his fore"an or principal cler. or of the e%itor #usiness or a%vertisin& "ana&er to 'hich affi%avit a cop$ of the pu#lication shall #e attache% an% #$ an affi%avit sho'in& the %eposit of a cop$ of the su""ons an% or%er for pu#lication in the post office posta&e prepai% %irecte% to the %efen%ant #$ re&istere% "ail to his last .no'n a%%ress, (01)

SEC. !0. -oluntary appearance. * +he %efen%antFs voluntar$ appearance in the action shall #e e@uivalent to service of su""ons, +he inclusion in a "otion to %is"iss of other &roun%s asi%e fro" lac. of 1uris%iction over the person of the %efen%ant shall not #e %ee"e% a voluntar$ appearance, (04a)

RULE 1#

MOTIONS

SECTION 1. !otion defined. * A "otion is an application for relief other than #$ a plea%in&, (1a)

SEC. !. !otions must be in writing.* All "otions shall #e in 'ritin& e/cept those "a%e in open court or in the course of a hearin& or trial, (0a)

SEC. 3. Contents.* A "otion shall state the relief sou&ht to #e o#taine% an% the &roun%s upon 'hich it is #ase% an% if re@uire% #$ these -ules or necessar$ to prove facts alle&e% therein shall #e acco"panie% #$ supportin& affi%avits an% other papers, (4a)

SEC. ". 2earing of motion.* 6/cept for "otions 'hich the court "a$ act upon 'ithout pre1u%icin& the ri&hts of the a%verse part$ ever$ 'ritten "otion shall #e set for hearin& #$ the applicant,

6ver$ 'ritten "otion re@uire% to #e hear% an% the notice of the hearin& thereof shall #e serve% in such a "anner as to ensure its receipt #$ the other part$ at least three (4) %a$s #efore the %ate of hearin& unless the court for &oo% cause sets the hearin& on shorter notice, (3a)

SEC. #. %otice of hearing.* +he notice of hearin& shall #e a%%resse% to all parties concerne% an% shall specif$ the ti"e an% %ate of the hearin& 'hich "ust not #e later than ten (10) %a$s after the filin& of the "otion, (5a)

SEC. $. $roof of service necessary.* Bo 'ritten "otion set for hearin& shall #e acte% upon #$ the court 'ithout proof of service thereof, (5a)

SEC. 7. !otion day.* 6/cept for "otions re@uirin& i""e%iate action all "otions shall #e sche%ule%

for hearin& on Cri%a$ afternoons or if Cri%a$ is a non-'or.in& %a$ in the afternoon of the ne/t 'or.in& %a$, (7a)

SEC. 8. Omnibus motion.* !u#1ect to the provisions of section 1 of -ule 9 a "otion attac.in& a plea%in& or%er 1u%&"ent or procee%in& shall inclu%e all o#1ections then availa#le an% all o#1ections not so inclu%e% shall #e %ee"e% 'aive%, (Aa)

SEC. 9. !otion for leave.* A "otion for leave to file a plea%in& or "otion shall #e acco"panie% #$ the plea%in& or "otion sou&ht to #e a%"itte%, (n)

SEC. 10. 3orm.* +he -ules applica#le to plea%in&s shall appl$ to 'ritten "otions so far as concerns caption %esi&nation si&nature an% other "atters of for", (9a)

RULE 1$

MOTION TO DISMISS

SECTION 1. ,rounds.* 8ithin the ti"e for #ut #efore filin& the ans'er to the co"plaint or plea%in& assertin& a clai" a "otion to %is"iss "a$ #e "a%e on an$ of the follo'in& &roun%s)

(a) +hat the court has no 1uris%iction over the person of the %efen%in& part$7

(#) +hat the court has no 1uris%iction over the su#1ect "atter of the clai"7

(e) +hat venue is i"properl$ lai%7

(%) +hat the plaintiff has no le&al capacit$ to sue7

(e) +hat there is another action pen%in& #et'een the sa"e parties for the sa"e cause7

(f) +hat the cause of action is #arre% #$ a prior 1u%&"ent or #$ the statute of li"itations7

(&) +hat the plea%in& assertin& the clai" states no cause of action7

(h) +hat the clai" or %e"an% set forth in the plaintiffs plea%in& has #een pai% 'aive% a#an%one% or other'ise e/tin&uishe%7

(i) +hat the clai" on 'hich the action is foun%e% is unenforcea#le un%er the provisions of the statute of frau%s7 an%

(1) +hat a con%ition prece%ent for filin& the clai" has not #een co"plie% 'ith, (1a)

SEC. !. 2earing of motion.* At the hearin& of the "otion the parties shall su#"it their ar&u"ents on the @uestions of la' an% their evi%ence on the @uestions of fact involve% e/cept those not availa#le at that ti"e, !houl% the case &o to trial the evi%ence presente% %urin& the hearin& shall auto"aticall$ #e part of the evi%ence of the part$ presentin& the sa"e, (n)

SEC. 3. Resolution of motion.* After the hearin& the court "a$ %is"iss the action or clai" %en$ the "otion or or%er the a"en%"ent of the plea%in&,

+he court shall not %efer the resolution of the "otion for the reason that the &roun% relie% upon is not in%u#ita#le,

In ever$ case the resolution shall state clearl$ an% %istinctl$ the reasons therefor, (4a)

SEC. ". Time to plead.* If the "otion is %enie% the "ovant shall file his ans'er 'ithin the #alance of the perio% prescri#e% #$ -ule 11 to 'hich he 'as entitle% at the ti"e of servin& his "otion #ut not less than five (5) %a$s in an$ event co"pute% fro" his receipt of the notice of the %enial, If the plea%in& is or%ere% to #e a"en%e% he shall file his ans'er 'ithin the perio% prescri#e% #$ -ule 11 counte% fro" service of the a"en%e% plea%in& unless the court provi%es a lon&er perio%, (3a)

SEC. #. *ffect of dismissal.* !u#1ect to the ri&ht of appeal an or%er &rantin& a "otion to %is"iss #ase% on para&raphs (f) (h) an% (i) of section 1 hereof shall #ar the refilin& of the sa"e action or clai", (n)

SEC. $. $leading grounds as affirmative defenses. * If no "otion to %is"iss has #een file% an$ of the &roun%s for %is"issal provi%e% for in this -ule "a$ #e plea%e% as an affir"ative %efense in the ans'er an% in the %iscretion of the court a preli"inar$ hearin& "a$ #e ha% thereon as if a "otion to %is"iss ha% #een file%, (5a)

+he %is"issal of the co"plaint un%er this section shall #e 'ithout pre1u%ice to the prosecution in the sa"e or separate action of a counterclai" plea%e% in the ans'er, (n)

RULE 17

DISMISSAL OF ACTIONS

SECTION 1. +ismissal upon notice by plaintiff.* A co"plaint "a$ #e %is"isse% #$ the plaintiff #$ filin& a notice of %is"issal at an$ ti"e #efore service of the ans'er or of a "otion for su""ar$ 1u%&"ent, >pon such notice #ein& file% the court shall issue an or%er confir"in& the %is"issal, >nless other'ise state% in the notice the %is"issal is 'ithout pre1u%ice e/cept that a notice operates as an a%1u%ication upon the "erits 'hen file% #$ a plaintiff 'ho has once %is"isse% in a co"petent court an action #ase% on or inclu%in& the sa"e clai", (1a)

SEC. !. +ismissal upon motion of plaintiff. * 6/cept as provi%e% in the prece%in& section a co"plaint shall not #e %is"isse% at the plaintiffs instance save upon approval of the court an% upon such ter"s an% con%itions as the court %ee"s proper, If a counterclai" has #een plea%e% #$ a %efen%ant

prior to the service upon hi" of the plaintiffs "otion for %is"issal the %is"issal shall #e li"ite% to the co"plaint, +he %is"issal shall #e 'ithout pre1u%ice to the ri&ht of the %efen%ant to prosecute his counterclai" in a separate action unless 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice of the "otion he "anifests his preference to have his counterclai" resolve% in the sa"e action, >nless other'ise specifie% in the or%er a %is"issal un%er this para&raph shall #e 'ithout pre1u%ice, A class suit shall not #e %is"isse% or co"pro"ise% 'ithout the approval of the court, (0a)

SEC. 3. +ismissal due to fault of plaintiff. * If for no 1ustifia#le cause the plaintiff fails to appear on the %ate of the presentation of his evi%ence in chief on the co"plaint or to prosecute his action for an unreasona#le len&th of ti"e or to co"pl$ 'ith these -ules or an$ or%er of the court the co"plaint "a$ #e %is"isse% upon "otion of the %efen%ant or upon the courtFs o'n "otion 'ithout pre1u%ice to the ri&ht of the %efen%ant to prosecute his counterclai" in the sa"e or in a separate action, +his %is"issal shall have the effect of an a%1u%ication upon the "erits unless other'ise %eclare% #$ the court, (4a)

SEC. ". +ismissal of counterclaim, cross&claim, or third&party complaint. * +he provisions of this -ule shall appl$ to the %is"issal of an$ counterclai" cross-clai" or thir%-part$ co"plaint, A voluntar$ %is"issal #$ the clai"ant #$ notice as in section 1 of this -ule shall #e "a%e #efore a responsive plea%in& or a "otion for su""ar$ 1u%&"ent is serve% or if there is none #efore the intro%uction of evi%ence at the trial or hearin&, (3a)

RULE 18

PRE/TRIAL

SECTION 1. #hen conducted.* After the last plea%in& has #een serve% an% file% it shall #e the %ut$ of the plaintiff to pro"ptl$ "ove e/ parte that the case #e set for pre-trial, (5a -00)

SEC. !. %ature and purpose.* +he pre-trial is "an%ator$, +he court shall consi%er)

(a) +he possi#ilit$ of an a"ica#le settle"ent or of a su#"ission to alternative "o%es of %ispute resolution7

(#) +he si"plification of the issues7

(c) +he necessit$ or %esira#ilit$ of a"en%"ents to the plea%in&s7

(%) +he possi#ilit$ of o#tainin& stipulations or a%"issions of facts an% of %ocu"ents to avoi% unnecessar$ proof7

(e) +he li"itation of the nu"#er of 'itnesses7

(f) +he a%visa#ilit$ of a preli"inar$ reference of issues to a co""issioner7

(&) +he propriet$ of ren%erin& 1u%&"ent on the plea%in&s or su""ar$ 1u%&"ent or of %is"issin& the action shoul% a vali% &roun% therefor #e foun% to e/ist7

(h) +he a%visa#ilit$ or necessit$ of suspen%in& the procee%in&s7 an%

(i) !uch other "atters as "a$ ai% in the pro"pt %isposition of the action (1a -00)

SEC. 3. %otice of pre&trial.* +he notice of pre-trial shall #e serve% on counsel or on the part$ 'ho has no counsel, +he counsel serve% 'ith such notice is char&e% 'ith the %ut$ of notif$in& the part$ represente% #$ hi", (n)

SEC. ". (ppearance of parties.* It shall #e the %ut$ of the parties an% their counsel to appear at the pre-trial, +he non-appearance of a part$ "a$ #e e/cuse% onl$ if a vali% cause is sho'n therefor or if a representative shall appear in his #ehalf full$ authori2e% in 'ritin& to enter into an a"ica#le settle"ent to su#"it to alternative "o%es of %ispute resolution an% to enter into stipulations or a%"issions of facts an% of %ocu"ents, (n)

SEC. #. *ffect of failure to appear.* +he failure of the plaintiff to appear 'hen so re@uire% pursuant to the ne/t prece%in& section shall #e cause for %is"issal of the action, +he %is"issal shall #e 'ith pre1u%ice unless other'ise or%ere% #$ the court, A si"ilar failure on the part of the %efen%ant shall #e cause to allo' the plaintiff to present his evi%ence e/ parte an% the court to rea%er 1u%&"ent on the #asis thereof, (0a -00)

SEC. $. $re&trial brief.* +he parties shall file 'ith the court an% serve on the a%verse part$ in such "anner as shall ensure their receipt thereof at least three (4) %a$s #efore the %ate of the pre-trial their respective pre-trial #riefs 'hich shall contain a"on& others)

(a) A state"ent of their 'illin&ness to enter into a"ica#le settle"ent or alternative "o%es of %ispute resolution in%icatin& the %esire% ter"s thereof7

(#) A su""ar$ of a%"itte% facts an% propose% stipulation of facts7

(c) +he issues to #e trie% or resolve%7

(%) +he %ocu"ents or e/hi#its to #e presente% statin& the purpose thereof7

(e) A "anifestation of their havin& availe% or their intention to avail the"selves of %iscover$ proce%ures or referral to co""issioners7 an%

(f) +he nu"#er an% na"es of the 'itnesses an% the su#stance of their respective testi"onies,

Cailure to file the pre-trial #rief shall have the sa"e effect as failure to appear at the pretrial, (n)

SEC. 7. Record of pre&trial.* +he procee%in&s in the pre-trial shall #e recor%e%, >pon the ter"ination

thereof the court shall issue an or%er 'hich shall recite in %etail the "atters ta.en up in the conference the action ta.en thereon the a"en%"ents allo'e% to the plea%in&s an% the a&ree"ents or a%"issions "a%e #$ the parties as to an$ of the "atters consi%ere%, !houl% the action procee% to trial the or%er shall e/plicitl$ %efine an% li"it the issues to #e trie%, +he contents of the or%er shall control the su#se@uent course of the action unless "o%ifie% #efore trial to prevent "anifest in1ustice, (5a -00)

RULE 19

INTERVENTION

SECTION 1. #ho may intervene.* A person 'ho has a le&al interest in the "atter in liti&ation or in the success of either of the parties or an interest a&ainst #oth or is so situate% as to #e a%versel$ affecte% #$ a %istri#ution or other %isposition of propert$ in the custo%$ of the court or of an officer thereof "a$ 'ith leave of court #e allo'e% to intervene in the action, +he court shall consi%er 'hether or not the intervention 'ill un%ul$ %ela$ or pre1u%ice the a%1u%ication of the ri&hts of the ori&inal parties an% 'hether or not the intervenorFs ri&hts "a$ #e full$ protecte% in a separate procee%in&, (0[a] [#]a -10)

SEC. !. Time to intervene.* +he "otion to intervene "a$ #e file% at an$ ti"e #efore ren%ition of 1u%&"ent #$ the trial court, A cop$ of the plea%in&-in-intervention shall #e attache% to the "otion an% serve% on the ori&inal parties, (n)

SEC. 3. $leadings&in&intervention.* +he intervenor shall file a co"plaint-in-intervention if he asserts a clai" a&ainst either or all of the ori&inal parties or an ans'er-in-intervention if he unites 'ith the %efen%in& part$ in resistin& a clai" a&ainst the latter, (0[c]a -10)

SEC. ". (nswer to complaint&in&intervention. * +he ans'er to the co"plaint-in-intervention shall #e file% 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice of the or%er a%"ittin& the sa"e unless a %ifferent perio% is fi/e% #$ the court, (0[%]a -10),

RULE !0

CALENDAR OF CASES

SECTION 1. Calendar of cases.* +he cler. of court un%er the %irect supervision of the 1u%&e shall .eep a calen%ar of cases for pre-trial for trial those 'hose trials 'ere a%1ourne% or postpone% an% those 'ith "otions to set for hearin&, Preference shall #e &iven to ha#eas corpus cases election cases special civil actions an% those so re@uire% #$ la', (1a -00)

SEC. !. (ssignment of cases.* +he assi&n"ent of cases to the %ifferent #ranches of a court shall #e %one e/clusivel$ #$ raffle, +he assi&n"ent shall #e %one in open session of 'hich a%e@uate notice shall #e &iven so as to affor% intereste% parties the opportunit$ to #e present, (7a -00),

RULE !1

SUBPOENA

SECTION 1. Subpoena and subpoena duces tecum. * !u#poena is a process %irecte% to a person re@uirin& hi" to atten% an% to testif$ at the hearin& or the trial of an action or at an$ investi&ation con%ucte% #$ co"petent authorit$ or for the ta.in& of his %eposition, It "a$ also re@uire hi" to #rin& 'ith hi" an$ #oo.s %ocu"ents or other thin&s un%er his control in 'hich case it is calle% a su#poena %uces tecu", (1a -04)

SEC. !. 1y whom issued.* +he su#poena "a$ #e issue% #$*

a) the court #efore 'ho" the 'itness is re@uire% to atten%7

#) the court of the place 'here the %eposition is to #e ta.en7

c) the officer or #o%$ authori2e% #$ la' to %o so in connection 'ith investi&ations con%ucte% #$ sai% officer or #o%$7 or

%) an$ Gustice of the !upre"e Court or of the Court of Appeals in an$ case or investi&ation pen%in& 'ithin the Philippines,

8hen application for a su#poena to a prisoner is "a%e the 1u%&e or officer shall e/a"ine an% stu%$ carefull$ such application to %eter"ine 'hether the sa"e is "a%e for a vali% purpose,

Bo prisoner sentence% to %eath reclusion perpetua or life i"prison"ent an% 'ho is confine% in an$ penal institution shall #e #rou&ht outsi%e the sai% penal institution for appearance or atten%ance in an$ court unless authori2e% #$ the !upre"e Court, (0a -04)

SEC. 3. 3arm and contents.* A su#poena shall state the na"e of the court an% the title of the action or investi&ation shall #e %irecte% to the person 'hose atten%ance is re@uire% an% in the case of a su#poena %uces tecu" it shall also contain a reasona#le %escription of the #oo.s %ocu"ents or thin&s %e"an%e% 'hich "ust appear to the court pri"a facie relevant, (4a -04)

SEC. ". 8uashing a subpoena.* +he court "a$ @uash a su#poena %uces tecu" upon "otion pro"ptl$ "a%e an% in an$ event at or #efore the ti"e specifie% therein if it is unreasona#le an% oppressive or the relevanc$ of the #oo.s %ocu"ents or thin&s %oes not appear or if the person in 'hose #ehalf the su#poena is issue% fails to a%vance the reasona#le cost of the pro%uction thereof,

+he court "a$ @uash a su#poena a% testifican%u" on the &roun% that the 'itness is not #oun% there#$, In either case the su#poena "a$ #e @uashe% on the &roun% that the 'itness fees an% .ilo"etra&e allo'e% #$ these -ules 'ere not ten%ere% 'hen the su#poena 'as serve% (3a -04)

SEC. #. Subpoena for depositions.* Proof of service of a notice to ta.e a %eposition as provi%e% in sections 15 an% 05 of -ule 04 shall constitute sufficient authori2ation for the issuance of su#poenas for the persons na"e% in sai% notice #$ the cler. of the court of the place in 'hich the %eposition is to #e ta.en, +he cler. shall not ho'ever issue a su#poena %uces tecu" to an$ such person 'ithout an or%er of the court, (5a -04)

SEC. $. Service.* !ervice of a su#poena shall #e "a%e in the sa"e "anner as personal or su#stitute% service of su""ons, +he ori&inal shall #e e/hi#ite% an% a cop$ thereof %elivere% to the person on

'ho" it is serve% ten%erin& to hi" the fees for one %a$Fs atten%ance an% the .ilo"etra&e allo'e% #$ these -ules e/cept that 'hen a su#poena is issue% #$ or on #ehalf of the -epu#lic of the Philippines or an officer or a&enc$ thereof the ten%er nee% not #e "a%e, +he service "ust #e "a%e so as to allo' the 'itness a reasona#le ti"e for preparation an% travel to the place of atten%ance, If the su#poena is %uces tecu" the reasona#le cost of pro%ucin& the #oo.s %ocu"ents or thin&s %e"an%e% shall also #e ten%ere%, (5a -04)

SEC. 7. $ersonal appearance in court.* A person present in court #efore a 1u%icial officer "a$ #e re@uire% to testif$ as if he 'ere in atten%ance upon a su#poena issue% #$ such court or officer, (10 -04)

SEC. 8. Compelling attendance.* In case of failure of a 'itness to atten% the court or 1u%&e issuin& the su#poena upon proof of the service thereof an% of the failure of the 'itness "a$ issue a 'arrant to the sheriff of the province or his %eput$ to arrest the 'itness an% #rin& hi" #efore the court or officer 'here his atten%ance is re@uire% an% the cost of such 'arrant an% sei2ure of such 'itness shall #e pai% #$ the 'itness if the court issuin& it shall %eter"ine that his failure to ans'er the su#poena 'as 'illful an% 'ithout 1ust e/cuse, (11 -04)

SEC. 9. Contempt.* Cailure #$ an$ person 'ithout a%e@uate cause to o#e$ a su#poena serve% upon hi" shall #e %ee"e% a conte"pt of the court fro" 'hich the su#poena is issue%, If the su#poena 'as not issue% #$ a court the %iso#e%ience thereto shall #e punishe% in accor%ance 'ith the applica#le la' or -ule, (10a -04)

SEC. 10. *4ceptions.* +he provisions of sections A an% 9 of this -ule shall not appl$ to a 'itness 'ho resi%es "ore than one hun%re% (100) .ilo"eters fro" his resi%ence to the place 'here he is to testif$ #$ the or%inar$ course of travel or to a %etention prisoner if no per"ission of the court in 'hich his case is pen%in& 'as o#taine%, (9a -04)

RULE !!

COMPUTATION OF TIME

SECTION 1. 2ow to compute time.* In co"putin& an$ perio% of ti"e prescri#e% or allo'e% #$ these -ules or #$ or%er of the court or #$ an$ applica#le statute the %a$ of the act or event fro" 'hich the

%esi&nate% perio% of ti"e #e&ins to run is to #e e/clu%e% an% the %ate of perfor"ance inclu%e%, If the last %a$ of the perio% as thus co"pute% falls on a !atur%a$ a !un%a$ or a le&al holi%a$ in the place 'here the court sits the ti"e shall not run until the ne/t 'or.in& %a$, (n)

SEC. !. *ffect of interruption.* !houl% an act #e %one 'hich effectivel$ interrupts the runnin& of the perio% the allo'a#le perio% after such interruption shall start to run on the %a$ after notice of the cessation of the cause thereof,

+he %a$ of the act that cause% the interruption shall #e e/clu%e% in the co"putation of the perio%, (n)

RULE !3

DEPOSITIONS PENDING ACTION

SECTION 1. +epositions pending action, when may be ta)en.* ($ leave of court after 1uris%iction has #een o#taine% over an$ %efen%ant or over propert$ 'hich is the su#1ect of the action or 'ithout such leave after an ans'er has #een serve% the testi"on$ of an$ person 'hether a part$ or "ot "a$ #e ta.en at the instance of an$ part$ #$ %eposition upon oral e/a"ination or 'ritten interro&atories, +he atten%ance of 'itnesses "a$ #e co"pelle% #$ the use of a su#poena as provi%e% in -ule 01, Eepositions shall #e ta.en onl$ in accor%ance 'ith these -ules, +he %eposition of a person confine% in prison "a$ #e ta.en 3 onl$ #$ leave of court on such ter"s as the court prescri#es, (1a -03)

SEC. !. Scope of e4amination.* >nless other'ise or%ere% #$ the court as provi%e% #$ section 15 or 1A of this -ule the %eponent "a$ #e e/a"ine% re&ar%in& an$ "atter not privile&e% 'hich is relevant to the su#1ect of the pen%in& action 'hether relatin& to the clai" or %efense of an$ other part$ inclu%in& the e/istence %escription nature custo%$ con%ition an% location of an$ #oo.s %ocu"ents or other tan&i#le thin&s an% the i%entit$ an% location of persons havin& .no'le%&e of relevant facts, (0 -03)

SEC. 3. *4amination and cross&e4amination. * 6/a"ination an% cross-e/a"ination of %eponents "a$ procee% as per"itte% at the trial un%er sections 4 to 1A of -ule 140, (4a -03)

SEC. ". 'se of depositions.* At the trial or upon the hearin& of a "otion or an interlocutor$ procee%in& an$ part or all of a %eposition so far as a%"issi#le un%er the rules of evi%ence "a$ #e use% a&ainst an$ part$ 'ho 'as present or represente% at the ta.in& of the %eposition or 'ho ha% %ue notice thereof in accor%ance 'ith an$ one of the follo'in& provisions)

(a) An$ %eposition "a$ #e use% #$ an$ part$ for the purpose of contra%ictin& or i"peachin& the testi"on$ of %eponent as a 'itness7

(#) +he %eposition of a part$ or of an$ one 'ho at the ti"e of ta.in& the %eposition 'as an officer %irector or "ana&in& a&ent of a pu#lic or private corporation partnership or association 'hich is a part$ "a$ #e use% #$ an a%verse part$ for an$ purpose7

(c) +he %eposition of a 'itness 'hether or not a part$ "a$ #e use% #$ an$ part$ for an$ purpose if the court fin%s) (1) that the 'itness is %ea%7 or (0) that the 'itness resi%es at a %istance "ore than one hun%re% (100) .ilo"eters fro" the place of trial or hearin& or is out of the Philippines unless it appears that his a#sence 'as procure% #$ the part$ offerin& the %eposition7 or (4) that the 'itness is una#le to atten% or testif$ #ecause of a&e sic.ness infir"it$ or i"prison"ent7 or (3) that the part$ offerin& the %eposition has #een una#le to procure the atten%ance of the 'itness #$ su#poena7 or (5) upon application an% notice that such e/ceptional circu"stances e/ist as to "a.e it %esira#le in the interest of 1ustice an% 'ith %ue re&ar% to the i"portance of presentin& the testi"on$ of 'itnesses orall$ in open court to allo' the %eposition to #e use%7 an%

(%) If onl$ part of a %eposition is offere% in evi%ence #$ a part$ the a%verse part$ "a$ re@uire hi" to intro%uce all of it 'hich is relevant to the part intro%uce% an% an$ part$ "a$ intro%uce an$ other parts, (3a -03)

SEC. #. *ffect of substitution of parties. * !u#stitution of parties %oes not affect the ri&ht to use %epositions previousl$ ta.en7 an% 'hen an action has #een %is"isse% an% another action involvin& the sa"e su#1ect is after'ar% #rou&ht #et'een the sa"e parties or their representatives or successors in interest all %epositions la'full$ ta.en an% %ul$ file% in the for"er action "a$ #e use% in the latter as if ori&inall$ ta.en therefor, (5 -03)

SEC. $. Ob"ections to admissibility.* !u#1ect to the provisions of section 09 of this -ule o#1ection "a$ #e "a%e at the trial or hearin& to receivin& in evi%ence an$ %eposition or part thereof for an$ reason 'hich 'oul% re@uire the e/clusion of the evi%ence if the 'itness 'ere then present an% testif$in&, (5 -03)

SEC. 7. *ffect of ta)ing depositions.* A part$ shall not #e %ee"e% to "a.e a person his o'n 'itness for an$ purpose #$ ta.in& his %eposition, (7 -03)

SEC. 8. *ffect of using depositions.* +he intro%uction in evi%ence of the %eposition or an$ part thereof for an$ purpose other than that of contra%ictin& or i"peachin& the %eponent "a.es the %eponent the 'itness of the part$ intro%ucin& the %eposition #ut this shall not appl$ to the use #$ an a%verse part$ of a %eposition as %escri#e% in para&raph (#) of section 3 of this -ule, (A -03)

SEC. 9. Rebutting deposition.* At the trial or hearin& an$ part$ "a$ re#ut an$ relevant evi%ence containe% in a %eposition 'hether intro%uce% #$ hi" or #$ an$ other part$, (9 -03)

SEC. 10. $ersons before whom depositions may be ta)en within the $hilippines.* 8ithin the Philippines %epositions "a$ #e ta.en #efore an$ 1u%&e notar$ pu#lic or the person referre% to in section 13 hereof, (10a -03)

SEC. 11. $ersons before whom depositions may be ta)en in foreign countries.* In a forei&n state or countr$ %epositions "a$ #e ta.en (a) on notice #efore a secretar$ of e"#ass$ or le&ation consul &eneral consul vice-consul consular a&ent of the -epu#lic of the Philippines7 (#) #efore such person or officer as "a$ #e appointe% #$ co""ission or un%er letters ro&ator$7 or (c) the person referre% to in section 13 hereof, (11a -03)

SEC. 1!. Commission or letters rogatory.* A co""ission or letters ro&ator$ shall #e issue% onl$ 'hen necessar$ or convenient on application an% notice an% on such ter"s an% 'ith such %irection as are 1ust an% appropriate, :fficers "a$ #e %esi&nate% in notices or co""issions either #$ na"e or %escriptive title an% letters ro&ator$ "a$ #e a%%resse% to the appropriate 1u%icial authorit$ in the forei&n countr$, (10a -03)

SEC. 13. +is6ualification by interest.* Bo %eposition shall #e ta.en #efore a person 'ho is a relative 'ithin the si/th %e&ree of consan&uinit$ or affinit$ or e"plo$ee or counsel of an$ of the parties7 or 'ho is a relative 'ithin the sa"e %e&ree or e"plo$ee of such counsel7 or 'ho is financiall$ intereste% in the action, (14a -03)

SEC. 1". Stipulations regarding ta)ing of dispositions.* If the parties so stipulate in 'ritin&

%epositions "a$ #e ta.en #efore an$ person authori2e% to a%"inister oaths at an$ ti"e or place in accor%ance 'ith these -ules an% 'hen so ta.en "a$ #e use% li.e other %epositions, (13a -03)

SEC. 1#. +eposition upon oral e4amination; notice; time and place.* A part$ %esirin& to ta.e the %eposition of an$ person upon oral e/a"ination shall &ive reasona#le notice in 'ritin& to ever$ other part$ to the action, +he notice shall state the ti"e an% place for ta.in& the %eposition an% the na"e an% a%%ress of each person to #e e/a"ine% if .no'n an% if the na"e is not .no'n a &eneral %escription sufficient to i%entif$ hi" or the particular class or &roup to 'hich he #elon&s, :n "otion of an$ part$ upon 'ho" the notice is serve% the court "a$ for cause sho'n enlar&e or shorten the ti"e, (15 -03)

SEC. 1$. Orders for the protection of parties and deponents.* After notice is serve% for ta.in& a %eposition #$ oral e/a"ination upon "otion seasona#l$ "a%e #$ an$ part$ or #$ the person to #e e/a"ine% an% for &oo% cause sho'n the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& "a$ "a.e an or%er that the %eposition shall not #e ta.en or that it "a$ #e ta.en onl$ at so"e %esi&nate% place other than that state% in the notice or that it "a$ #e ta.en onl$ on 'ritten interro&atories or that certain "atters shall not #e in@uire% into or that the scope of the e/a"ination shall #e hel% 'ith no one present e/cept the parties to the action an% their officers or counsel or that after #ein& seale% the %eposition shall #e opene% onl$ #$ or%er of the court or that secret processes %evelop"ents or research nee% not #e %isclose% or that the parties shall si"ultaneousl$ file specifie% %ocu"ents or infor"ation enclose% in seale% envelopes to #e opene% as %irecte% #$ the court7 or the court "a$ "a.e an$ other or%er 'hich 1ustice re@uires to protect the part$ or 'itness fro" anno$ance e"#arrass"ent or oppression, (15a -03)

SEC. 17. Record of e4amination; oath; ob"ections.* +he officer #efore 'ho" the %eposition is to #e ta.en shall put the 'itness on oath an% shall personall$ or #$ so"e one actin& un%er his %irection an% in his presence recor% the testi"on$ of the 'itness, +he testi"on$ shall #e ta.en steno&raphicall$ unless the parties a&ree other'ise, All o#1ections "a%e at the ti"e of the e/a"ination to the @ualifications of the officer ta.in& the %eposition or to the "anner of ta.in& it or to the evi%ence presente% or to the con%uct of an$ part$ an% an$ other o#1ection to the procee%in&s shall #e note% #$ the officer upon the %eposition, 6vi%ence o#1ecte% to shall #e ta.en su#1ect to the o#1ections, In lieu of participatin& in the oral e/a"ination parties serve% 'ith notice of ta.in& a %eposition "a$ trans"it 'ritten interro&atories to the officers 'ho shall propoun% the" to the 'itness an% recor% the ans'ers ver#ati", (17 -03)

SEC. 18. !otion to terminate or limit e4amination.* At an$ ti"e %urin& the ta.in& of the %eposition on "otion or petition of an$ part$ or of the %eponent an% upon a sho'in& that the e/a"ination is #ein& con%ucte% in #a% faith or in such "anner as unreasona#l$ to anno$ e"#arrass or oppress the %eponent or part$ the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& or the -e&ional +rial Court of the place 'here the %eposition is #ein& ta.en "a$ or%er the officer con%uctin& the e/a"ination to cease forth'ith fro" ta.in& the %eposition or "a$ li"it the scope an% "anner of the ta.in& of the %eposition as provi%e% in section 15 of this -ule, If the or%er "a%e ter"inates the e/a"ination it shall #e resu"e% thereafter

onl$ upon the or%er of the court in 'hich the action is pen%in&, >pon %e"an% of the o#1ectin& part$ or %eponent the ta.in& of the %eposition shall #e suspen%e% for the ti"e necessar$ to "a.e a notice for an or%er, In &rantin& or refusin& such or%er the court "a$ i"pose upon either part$ or upon the 'itness the re@uire"ent to pa$ such costs or e/penses as the court "a$ %ee" reasona#le, (1Aa -03)

SEC. 19. Submission to witness; changes; signing.* 8hen the testi"on$ is full$ transcri#e% the %eposition shall #e su#"itte% to the 'itness for e/a"ination an% shall #e rea% to or #$ hi" unless such e/a"ination an% rea%in& are 'aive% #$ the 'itness an% #$ the parties, An$ chan&es in for" or su#stance 'hich the 'itness %esires to "a.e shall #e entere% upon the %eposition #$ the officer 'ith a state"ent of the reasons &iven #$ the 'itness for "a.in& the", +he %eposition shall then #e si&ne% #$ the 'itness unless the parties #$ stipulation 'aive the si&nin& or the 'itness is ill or cannot #e foun% or refuses to si&n, If the %eposition is not si&ne% #$ the 'itness the officer shall si&n it an% state on the recor% the fact of the 'aiver or of the illness or a#sence of the 'itness or the fact of the refusal to si&n to&ether 'ith the reason &iven therefor if an$ an% the %eposition "a$ then #e use% as full$ as thou&h si&ne% unless on a "otion to suppress un%er section 09 (f) of this -ule the court hol%s that the reasons &iven for the refusal to si&n re@uire re1ection of the %eposition in 'hole or h part, (19a -03)

SEC. !0. Certification and filing by officer. * +he officer shall certif$ on the %eposition that the 'itness 'as %ull s'orn to #$ hi" an% that the %eposition is a true recor% of the testi"on$ &iven #$ the 'itness, ?e shall then securel$ seal the %eposition in an envelope in%orse% ' the title of the action an% "ar.e% =Eeposition of (here insert the na"e of 'itness)= an% shall pro"ptl$ file it 'ith the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& or sen% it #$ re&istere% "ail to the cler. thereof for filin&, (00 -03)

SEC. !1. %otice of filing.* +he officer ta.in& the %eposition shall &ive pro"pt notice of its filin& to all the parties, (01 -03)

SEC. !!. 3urnishing copies.* >pon pa$"ent of reasona#le char&es therefor the officer shall furnish a cop$ of the %eposition to an$ part$ or to the %eponent, (00 -03)

SEC. !3. 3ailure to attend of party giving notice. * If the part$ &ivin& the notice of the ta.in& of a %eposition fails to atten% an% procee% there'ith an% another atten%s in person or #$ counsel pursuant to the notice the court "a$ or%er the part$ &ivin& the notice to pa$ such other part$ the a"ount of the reasona#le e/penses incurre% #$ hi" an% his counsel in so atten%in& inclu%in& reasona#le attorne$Fs fees, (04a -03)

SEC. !". 3ailure of party giving notice to serve subpoena.* If the part$ &ivin& the notice of the ta.in& of a %eposition of a 'itness fails to serve a su#poena upon hi" an% the 'itness #ecause of such

failure %oes not atten% an% if another part$ atten%s in person or #$ counsel #ecause he e/pects the %eposition of that 'itness to #e ta.en the court "a$ or%er the part$ &ivin& the notice to pa$ to such other part$ the a"ount of the reasona#le e/penses incurre% #$ hi" an% his counsel in so atten%in& inclu%in& reasona#le attorne$Fs fees, (03a -03)

SEC. !#. +eposition upon written interrogatories; service of notice and of interrogatories.* A part$ %esirin& ta.e the %eposition of an$ person upon 'ritten interro&atories shall serve the" upon ever$ other part$ 'ith a notice statin& the na"e an% a%%ress of the person 'ho is to ans'er the" an% the na"e or %escriptive title an% a%%ress of the officer #efore 'ho" the %eposition is to #e ta.en, 8ithin ten (10) %a$s thereafter a part$ so serve% "a$ serve cross-interro&atories upon the part$ proposin& to ta.e the %eposition, 8ithin five (5) %a$s thereafter the latter "a$ serve re-%irect interro&atories upon a part$ 'ho has serve% cross-interro&atories, 8ithin three (4) %a$s after #ein& serve% 'ith re-%irect interro&atories a part$ "a$ serve recross-interro&atories upon the part$ proposin& to ta.e the %eposition, (05 -03)

SEC. !$. Officers to ta)e responses and prepare record.* A cop$ of the notice an% copies of all interro&atories serve% shall #e %elivere% #$ the part$ ta.in& the %eposition to the officer %esi&nate% in the notice 'ho shall procee% pro"ptl$ in the "anner provi%e% #$ sections 17 19 an% 00 of this -ule to ta.e the testi"on$ of the 'itness in response to the interro&atories an% to prepare certif$ an% file or "ail the %eposition attachin& thereto the cop$ of the notice an% the interro&atories receive% #$ hi", (05 -03)

SEC. !7. %otice of filing and furnishing copies. * 8hen a %eposition upon interro&atories is file% the officer ta.in& it shall pro"ptl$ &ive notice thereof to all the parties an% "a$ furnish copies to the" or to the %eponent upon pa$"ent of reasona#le char&es therefor, (07 -03)

SEC. !8. Orders for the protection of parties and deponents.* After the service of the interro&atories an% prior to the ta.in& of the testi"on$ of the %eponent the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& on "otion pro"ptl$ "a%e #$ a part$ or a %eponent an% for &oo% cause sho'n "a$ "a.e an$ or%er specifie% in sections 15 15 an% 1A of this -ule 'hich is appropriate an% 1ust or an or%er that the %eposition shall not #e ta.en #efore the officer %esi&nate% in the notice or that it shall not #e ta.en e/cept upon oral e/a"ination, (0Aa -03)

SEC. !9. *ffect of errors and irregularities in depositions.*

(a) (s to notice.* All errors an% irre&ularities in the notice for ta.in& a %eposition are 'aive% unless 'ritten o#1ection is pro"ptl$ serve% upon the part$ &ivin& the notice,

(#) (s to dis6ualification of officer. * :#1ection to ta.in& a %eposition #ecause of %is@ualification of the officer #efore 'ho" it is to #e ta.en is 'aive% unless "a%e #efore the ta.in& of the %eposition #e&ins or as soon thereafter as the %is@ualification #eco"es .no'n or coul% #e %iscovere% 'ith reasona#le %ili&ence,

(c) (s to competency or relevancy of evidence. * :#1ections to the co"petenc$ of a 'itness or the co"petenc$ relevanc$ or "aterialit$ of testi"on$ are not 'aive% #$ failure to "a.e the" #efore or %urin& the ta.in& of the %eposition unless the &roun% of the o#1ection is one 'hich "i&ht have #een o#viate% or re"ove% if presente% at that ti"e,

(%) (s to oral e4amination and other particulars. * 6rrors an% irre&ularities occurrin& at the oral e/a"ination in the "anner of ta.in& the %eposition in the for" of the @uestions or ans'ers in the oath or affir"ation or in the con%uct of the parties an% errors of an$ .in% 'hich "i&ht #e o#viate% re"ove% or cure% if pro"ptl$ prosecute% are 'aive% unless reasona#le o#1ection thereto is "a%e at the ta.in& of the %eposition,

(e) (s to form of written interrogatories. * :#1ections to the for" of 'ritten interro&atories su#"itte% un%er sections 05 an% 05 of this -ule are 'aive% unless serve% in 'ritin& upon the part$ propoun%in& the" 'ithin the ti"e allo'e% for servin& succee%in& cross or other interro&atories an% 'ithin three (4) %a$s after service of the last interro&atories authori2e%,

(f) (s to manner of preparation.* 6rrors an% irre&ularities in the "anner in 'hich the testi"on$ is transcri#e% or the %eposition is prepare% si&ne% certifie% seale% in%orse% trans"itte% file% or other'ise %ealt 'ith #$ the officer un%er sections 17 19 00 an% 05 of this -ule are 'aive% unless a "otion to suppress the %eposition or so"e part thereof is "a%e 'ith reasona#le pro"ptness after such %efect is or 'ith %ue %ili&ence "i&ht have #een ascertaine%, (09a -03)

RULE !"

DEPOSITIONS BEFORE ACTION OR PENDING APPEAL

SECTION 1. +epositions before action; petition. * A person 'ho %esires to perpetuate his o'n testi"on$ or that of another person re&ar%in& an$ "atter that "a$ #e co&ni2a#le in an$ court of the Philippines "a$ file a verifie% petition in the court of the place of the resi%ence of an$ e/pecte% a%verse part$, (1a -143)

SEC. !. Contents of petition.* +he petition shall #e entitle% in the na"e of the petitioner an% shall sho') (a) that the petitioner e/pects to #e a part$ to an action in a court of the Philippines #ut is presentl$ una#le to #rin& it or cause it to #e #rou&ht7 (#) the su#1ect "atter of the e/pecte% action an% his interest therein7 (c) the facts 'hich he %esires to esta#lish #$ the propose% testi"on$ an% his reasons for %esirin& to perpetuate it7 (%) the na"es or a %escription of the persons he e/pects 'ill #e a%verse parties an% their a%%resses so far as .no'n7 an% (e)the na"es an% a%%resses of the persons to #e e/a"ine% an% the su#stance of the testi"on$ 'hich he e/pects to elicit fro" each an% shall as. for an or%er authori2in& the petitioner to ta.e the %epositions of the persons to #e e/a"ine% na"e% in the petition for the purpose of perpetuatin& their testi"on$, (0 -143)

SEC. 3. %otice and service.* +he petitioner shall serve a notice upon each person na"e% in the petition as an e/pecte% a%verse part$ to&ether 'ith a cop$ of the petition statin& that the petitioner 'ill appl$ to the court at a ti"e an% place na"e% therein for the or%er %escri#e% in the petition, At least t'ent$ (00) %a$s #efore the %ate the hearin& the court shall cause notice thereof to #e serve% on the parties an% prospective %eponents in the "anner provi%e% for service of su""ons, (4a -143)

SEC. ". Order and e4amination.* If the court is satisfie% that the perpetuation of the testi"on$ "a$ prevent a failure or %ela$ of 1ustice it shall "a.e an or%er %esi&natin& or %escri#in& the persons 'hose %eposition "a$ #e ta.en an% specif$in& the su#1ect "atter of the e/a"ination an% 'hether the %epositions shall #e ta.en upon oral e/a"ination or 'ritten interro&atories, +he %epositions "a$ then #e ta.en in accor%ance 'ith -ule 04 #efore the hearin&, (3a -143)

SEC. #. Reference to court.* Cor the purpose of appl$in& -ule 04 to %epositions for perpetuatin& testi"on$ each reference therein to the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& shall #e %ee"e% to refer to the court in 'hich the petition for such %eposition 'as file%, (5a -143),

SEC. $. 'se of deposition.* If a %eposition to perpetuate testi"on$ is ta.en un%er this -ule or if althou&h not so ta.en it 'oul% #e a%"issi#le in evi%ence it "a$ #e use% in an$ action involvin& the sa"e su#1ect "atter su#se@uentl$ #rou&ht in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of sections 3 an% 5 of -ule 04, (5a -143)

SEC. 7. +epositions pending appeal.* If an appeal has #een ta.en fro" a 1u%&"ent of a court

inclu%in& the Court of Appeals in proper cases or #efore the ta.in& of an appeal if the ti"e therefor has not e/pire% the court in 'hich the 1u%&"ent 'as ren%ere% "a$ allo' the ta.in& of %epositions of 'itnesses to perpetuate their testi"on$ for use in the event of further procee%in&s in the sai% court, In such case the part$ 'ho %esires to perpetuate the testi"on$ "a$ "a.e a "otion in the sai% court for leave to ta.e the %epositions upon the sa"e notice an% service thereof as if the action 'as pen%in& therein, +he "otion shall state (a) the na"e an% a%%resses of the persons to #e e/a"ine% an% the su#stance of the testi"on$ 'hich he e/pects to elicit fro" each7 an% (#) the reason for perpetuatin& their testi"on$, If the court fin%s that the perpetuation of the testi"on$ is proper to avoi% a failure or %ela$ of 1ustice it $ "a.e an or%er allo'in& the %epositions to #e ta.en an% thereupon the %epositions "a$ #e ta.en an% use% in the sa"e "anner an% un%er the sa"e con%itions as are prescri#e% in these -ules for %epositions ta.en in pen%in& actions, (7a -143),

RULE !#

INTERROGATORIES TO PARTIES

SECTION 1. Interrogatories to parties; service thereof.* >n%er the sa"e con%itions specifie% in section 1 of -ule 04 an$ part$ %esirin& to elicit "aterial an% relevant facts fro" an$ a%verse parties shall file an% serve upon the latter 'ritten interro&atories to #e ans'ere% #$ the part$ serve% or if the part$ serve% is a pu#lic or private corporation or a partnership or association #$ an$ officer thereof co"petent to testif$ in its #ehalf, (1a)

SEC. !. (nswer to interrogatories.* +he interro&atories shall #e ans'ere% full$ in 'ritin& an% shall #e si&ne% an% s'orn to #$ the person "a.in& the", +he part$ upon 'ho" the interro&atories have #een serve% shall file an% serve a cop$ of the ans'ers on the part$ su#"ittin& the interro&atories 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s after service thereof unless the court on "otion an% for &oo% cause sho'n e/ten%s or shortens the ti"e, (0a)

SEC. 3. Ob"ections to interrogatories.* :#1ections to an$ interro&atories "a$ #e presente% to the court 'ithin ten (10) %a$s after service thereof 'ith notice as in case of "otion7 an% ans'ers shall #e %eferre% until the o#1ections are resolve% 'hich shall #e at as earl$ a ti"e as is practica#le, (4a)

SEC. ". %umber of interrogatories.* Bo part$ "a$ 'ithout leave of court serve "ore than one set of interro&atories to #e ans'ere% #$ the sa"e part$, (3)

SEC. #. Scope and use of interrogatories. * Interro&atories "a$ relate to an$ "atters that can #e in@uire% into tin%er section 0 of -ule 04 an% the ans'ers "a$ #e use% for the sa"e purposes provi%e% in section 3 of the sa"e -ule, (5a)

SEC. $. *ffect of failure to serve written interrogatories.* >nless thereafter allo'e% #$ the court for &oo% cause sho'n an% to prevent a failure of 1ustice a part$ not serve% 'ith 'ritten interro&atories "a$ not #e co"pelle% #$ the a%verse part$ to &ive testi"on$ in open court or to &ive a %eposition pen%in& appeal, (n)

RULE !$

ADMISSION B ADVERSE PART

SECTION 1. Re6uest for admission.* At an$ ti"e after issues have #een 1oine% a part$ "a$ file an% serve upon an$ other part$ a 'ritten re@uest for the a%"ission #$ the latter of the &enuineness of an$ "aterial an% relevant %ocu"ent %escri#e% in an% e/hi#ite% 'ith the re@uest or of the truth of an$ "aterial an% relevant "atter of fact set forth in the re@uest, Copies of the %ocu"ents shall #e %elivere% 'ith the re@uest unless copies have alrea%$ #een furnishe%, (1a)

SEC. !. Implied admission.* 6ach of the "atters of 'hich an a%"ission is re@ueste% shall #e %ee"e% a%"itte% unless 'ithin a perio% %esi&nate% in the re@uest 'hich shall not #e less than fifteen (15) %a$s after service thereof or 'ithin such further ti"e as the court "a$ allo' on "otion the part$ to 'ho" the re@uest is %irecte% files an% serves upon the part$ re@uestin& the a%"ission a s'orn state"ent either %en$in& specificall$ the "atters of 'hich an a%"ission is re@ueste% or settin& forth in %etail the reasons 'h$ he cannot truthfull$ either a%"it or %en$ those "atters,

:#1ections to an$ re@uest for a%"ission shall #e su#"itte% to the court #$ the part$ re@ueste% 'ithin the perio% for an% prior to the filin& of his s'orn state"ent as conte"plate% in the prece%in& para&raph an% his co"pliance there'ith shall #e %eferre% until such o#1ections are resolve% 'hich resolution shall #e "a%e as earl$ as practica#le, (0a)

SEC. 3. *ffect of admission.* An$ a%"ission "a%e #$ a part$ pursuant to such re@uest is for the purpose of the pen%in& action onl$ an% shall not constitute an a%"ission #$ hi" for an$ other purpose

nor "a$ the sa"e #e use% a&ainst hi" in an$ other procee%in&, (4)

SEC. ". #ithdrawal.* +he court "a$ allo' the part$ an a%"ission un%er this -ule 'hether e/press or i"plie% to 'ith%ra' or a"en% it upon such ter"s as "a$ #e 1ust, (3)

SEC. #. *ffect of failure to file and serve re6uest for admission.* >nless other'ise allo'e% #$ the court for &oo% cause sho'n an% to prevent a failure of 1ustice a part$ 'ho fails to file an% serve a re@uest for a%"ission on the a%verse part$ of "aterial an% relevant facts at issue 'hich are or ou&ht to #e 'ithin the personal .no'le%&e of the latter shall #e not #e per"itte% to present evi%ence on such facts, (n)

RULE !7

PRODUCTION OR INSPECTION OF DOCUMENTS OR THINGS

SECTION 1. !otion for production or inspection order * >pon "otion of an$ part$ sho'in& &oo% cause therefor the court in 'hich an action is pen%in& "a$ (a) or%er an$ part$ to pro%uce an% per"it the inspection an% cop$in& or photo&raphin& #$ or on #ehalf of the "ovin& part$ of an$ %esi&nate% %ocu"ents papers #oo.s accounts letters photo&raphs o#1ects or tan&i#le thin&s not privile&e% 'hich constitute or contain evi%ence "aterial to an$ "atter involve% in the action an% 'hich are in his possession custo%$ or control7 or (#) or%er an$ part$ to per"it entr$ upon %esi&nate% lan% or other propert$ in his possession or control for the purpose of inspectin& "easurin& surve$in& or photo&raphin& the propert$ or an$ %esi&nate% relevant o#1ect or operation thereon, +he or%er shall specif$ the ti"e place an% "anner of "a.in& the inspection an% ta.in& copies an% photo&raphs an% "a$ prescri#e such ter"s an% con%itions as are 1ust, (1a)

RULE !8

PH SICAL AND MENTAL E0AMINATION OF PERSONS

SECTION 1. #hen e4amination may be ordered.* In an action in 'hich the "ental or ph$sical con%ition of a part$ is in controvers$ the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& "a$ in its %iscretion

or%er hi" to su#"it to a ph$sical or "ental e/a"ination #$ a ph$sician, (1)

SEC. !. Order for e4amination.* +he or%er for e/a"ination "a$ #e "a%e onl$ on "otion for &oo% cause sho'n an% upon notice to the part$ to #e e/a"ine% an% to all other parties an% shall specif$ the ti"e place "anner con%itions an% scope of the e/a"ination an% the person or persons #$ 'ho" it is to #e "a%e, (0)

SEC. 3. Report of findings.* If re@ueste% #$ the part$ e/a"ine% the part$ causin& the e/a"ination to #e "a%e shall %eliver to hi" a cop$ of a %etaile% 'ritten report of the e/a"inin& ph$sician settin& out his fin%in&s an% conclusions, After such re@uest an% %eliver$ the part$ causin& the e/a"ination to #e "a%e shall #e entitle% upon re@uest to receive fro" the part$ e/a"ine% a li.e report of e/a"ination previousl$ or thereafter "a%e of the sa"e "ental or ph$sical con%ition, If the part$ e/a"ine% refuses to %eliver such report the court on "otion an% notice "a.e an or%er re@uirin& %eliver$ on such ter"s as are 1ust an% if a ph$sician fails or refuses to "a.e such a report the court "a$ e/clu%e his testi"on$ if offere% at the trial, (4a)

SEC. ". #aiver of privilege. * ($ re@uestin& an% o#tainin& a report of the e/a"ination so or%ere% or #$ ta.in& the %eposition of the e/a"iner the part$ e/a"ine% 'aives an$ privile&e he "a$ have in that action or an$ other involvin& the sa"e controvers$ re&ar%in& the testi"on$ of ever$ other person 'ho has e/a"ine% or "a$ thereafter e/a"ine hi" in respect of the sa"e "ental or ph$sical e/a"ination, (3)

RULE !9

REFUSAL TO COMPL &ITH MODES OF DISCOVER

SECTION 1. Refusal to answer. * If a part$ or other %eponent refuses to ans'er an$ @uestion upon oral e/a"ination the e/a"ination "a$ #e co"plete% on other "atters or a%1ourne% as the proponent of the @uestion "a$ prefer, +he proponent "a$ thereafter appl$ to the proper court of the place 'here the %eposition is #ein& ta.en for an or%er to co"pel an ans'er, +he sa"e proce%ure "a$ #e availe% of 'hen a part$ or a 'itness refuses to ans'er an$ interro&ator$ su#"itte% un%er -ules 04 or 05,

If the application is &rante% the court shall re@uire the refusin& part$ or %eponent to ans'er the @uestion or interro&ator$ an% if it also fin%s that the refusal to ans'er 'as 'ithout su#stantial 1ustification it "a$ re@uire the refusin& part$ or %eponent or the counsel a%visin& the refusal or #oth

of the" to pa$ the proponent the a"ount of the reasona#le e/penses incurre% in o#tainin& the or%er inclu%in& attorne$Fs fees,

If the application is %enie% an% the court fin%s that it 'as file% 'ithout su#stantial 1ustification the court "a$ re@uire the proponent or the counsel a%visin& the filin& :f the application or #oth of the" to pa$ to the refusin& part$ or %eponent the a"ount of the reasona#le e/penses incurre% in opposin& the application inclu%in& attorne$Fs fees, (1a)

SEC. !. Contempt of court.* If a part$ or other 'itness refuses to #e s'orn or refuses to ans'er an$ @uestion after #ein& %irecte% to %o so #$ the court of the place in 'hich the %eposition is #ein& ta.en the refusal "a$ #e consi%ere% a conte"pt of that court, (0a)

SEC. 3. Other conse6uences.* If an$ part$ or an officer or "ana&in& a&ent of a part$ refuses to o#e$ an or%er "a%e un%er section 1 of this -ule re@uirin& hi" to ans'er %esi&nate% @uestions or an or%er un%er -ule 07 to pro%uce an$ %ocu"ent or other thin& for inspection cop$in& or photo&raphin& or to per"it it to #e %one o to per"it entr$ upon lan% or other propert$ or an or%er "a%e un%er -ule 0A re@uirin& hi" to su#"it to a ph$sical or "ental e/a"ination the court "a$ "a.e such or%ers in re&ar% to the refusal as are 1ust an% a"on& others the follo'in&)

(a) An or%er that the "atters re&ar%in& 'hich the @uestions 'ere as.e% or the character or %escription of the thin& or lan% or the contents of the paper or the ph$sical or "ental con%ition of the part$ or an$ other %esi&nate% facts shall #e ta.en to #e esta#lishe% for the purposes of the action in accor%ance 'ith the clai" of the part$ o#tainin& the or%er7

(#) An or%er refusin& to allo' the %iso#e%ient part$ to support or oppose %esi&nate% clai"s or %efenses or prohi#itin& hi" fro" intro%ucin& in evi%ence %esi&nate% %ocu"ents or thin&s or ite"s of testi"on$ or fro" intro%ucin& evi%ence of ph$sical or "ental con%ition7

(c) An or%er stri.in& out plea%in&s or parts thereof or sta$in& further procee%in&s until the or%er is o#e$e% or %is"issin& the action or procee%in& or an$ part thereof or ren%erin& a 1u%&"ent #$ %efault a&ainst the %iso#e%ient part$7 an%)

(%) In lieu of an$ of the fore&oin& or%ers or in a%%ition thereto an or%er %irectin& the arrest of an$ part$ r a&ent of a part$ for %iso#e$in& an$ of such or%ers e/cept an or%er to su#"it to a ph$sical or "ental e/a"ination, (4a)

SEC. ". *4penses on refusal to admit.* If a part$ after #ein& serve% 'ith a re@uest un%er -ule 05 to a%"it the &enuineness of an$ %ocu"ent or the truth of an$ "atter of fact serves a s'orn %enial thereof an% if the part$ re@uestin& the a%"issions thereafter proves the &enuineness of such %ocu"ent or the truth of an$ such "atter of fact he "a$ appl$ to the court for an or%er re@uirin& the other part$ to pa$ hi" the reasona#le e/penses incurre% in "a.in& such proof inclu%in& attorne$Fs fees, >nless the court fin%s that there 'ere &oo% reasons for the %enial or that a%"issions sou&ht 'ere of no su#stantial i"portance such or%er shall #e issue%, (3a)

SEC. #. 3ailure of party to attend or serve answers.* If a part$ or an officer or "ana&in& a&ent of a part$ 'ilfull$ fails to appear #efore the officer 'ho is to ta.e his %eposition after #ein& serve% 'ith a proper notice or fails to serve ans'ers to interro&atories su#"itte% un%er -ule 05 after proper service of such interro&atories the court on "otion an% notice "a$ stri.e out all or an$ part of an$ plea%in& of that part$ or %is"iss the action or procee%in& or an$ part thereof or enter a 1u%&"ent #$ %efault a&ainst that part$ an% in its %iscretion or%er hi" to pa$ reasona#le e/penses incurre% #$ the other inclu%in& attorne$Fs fees, (5)

SEC. $. *4penses against the Republic of the $hilippines. * 6/penses an% attorne$Fs fees are not to #e i"pose% upon the -epu#lic of the Philippines un%er this -ule, (5)

RULE 30

TRIAL

SECTION 1. %otice of trial.* >pon entr$ of a case in the trial calen%ar the cler. shall notif$ the parties of the %ate of its trial in such "anner as shall ensure his receipt of that notice at least five (5) %a$s #efore such %ate, (0a -00)

SEC. !. (d"ournments and postponements.* A court "a$ a%1ourn a trial fro" %a$ to %a$ an% to an$ state% ti"e as the e/pe%itious an% convenient transaction of #usiness "a$ re@uire #ut shall have no po'er to a%1ourn a trial for a lon&er perio% than one "onth for each a%1ourn"ent nor "ore than three "onths in all e/cept 'hen authori2e% in 'ritin& #$ the Court A%"inistrator !upre"e Court, (4a -00)

SEC. 3. Re6uisites of motion to postpone trial for absence of evidence.* A "otion to postpone a trial on the &roun% of a#sence of evi%ence can #e &rante% onl$ upon affi%avit sho'in& the "aterialit$ or relevanc$ of such evi%ence an% that %ue %ili&ence has #een use% to procure it, (ut if the a%verse part$ a%"its the facts to #e &iven in evi%ence even if he o#1ects or reserves the ri&ht to their a%"issi#ilit$ the trial shall not #e postpone%, (3a -00)

SEC. ". Re6uisites of motion to postpone trial for illness of party or counsel. * A "otion to postpone a trial on the &roun% of illness of a part$ or counsel "a$ #e &rante% if it appears upon affi%avit or s'orn certification that the presence of such part$ or counsel at the trial is in%ispensa#le an% that the character of his illness is such as to ren%er his non-atten%ance e/cusa#le, (5a -00)

SEC. #. Order of trial.* !u#1ect to the provisions of section 0 of -ule 41 an% unless the court for special reasons other'ise %irects the trial shall #e li"ite% to the issues state% in the pre-trial or%er an% shall procee% as follo's)

(a) +he plaintiff shall a%%uce evi%ence in support of his co"plaint7

(#) +he %efen%ant shall then a%%uce evi%ence in support of his %efense counterclai" cross-clai" an% thir%-part$ co"plaint7

(c) +he thir%-part$ %efen%ant if an$ shall a%%uce evi%ence of his %efense counterclai" cross-clai" an% fourth-part$ co"plaint7

(%) +he fourth-part$ an% so forth if an$ shall a%%uce evi%ence of the "aterial facts plea%e% #$ the"7

(e) +he parties a&ainst 'ho" an$ counterclai" or cross-clai" has #een plea%e% shall a%%uce evi%ence in support of their %efense in the or%er to #e prescri#e% #$ the court7

(f) +he parties "a$ then respectivel$ a%%uce re#uttin& evi%ence onl$ unless the court for &oo% reasons an% in the furtherance of 1ustice per"its the" to a%%uce evi%ence upon their ori&inal case7 an%

(&) >pon a%"ission of the evi%ence the case shall #e %ee"e% su#"itte% for %ecision unless the court %irects the parties to ar&ue or to su#"it their respective "e"oran%a or an$ further plea%in&s,

If several %efen%ants or thir%-part$ %efen%ants an% so forth havin& separate %efenses appear #$ %ifferent counsel the court shall %eter"ine the relative or%er of presentation of their evi%ence, (1a -40)

SEC. $. greed statement of facts.* +he parties to an$ action "a$ a&ree in 'ritin& upon the facts involve% in the liti&ation an% su#"it the case for 1u%&"ent on the facts a&ree% upon 'ithout the intro%uction of evi%ence,

If the parties a&ree onl$ on so"e of the facts in issue the trial shall #e hel% as to the %ispute% facts hi such or%er as the court shall prescri#e, (0a -40)

SEC. 7. Statement of "udge.* Eurin& the hearin& or trial of a case an$ state"ent "a%e #$ the 1u%&e 'ith reference to the case or to an$ of the parties 'itnesses or counsel shall #e "a%e of recor% in the steno&raphic notes, (4a -40)

SEC. 8. Suspension of actions.* +he suspension of actions shall #e &overne% #$ the provisions of the Civil Co%e, (n)

SEC. 9. udge to receive evidence; delegation to cler) of court.* +he 1u%&e of the court 'here the case is pen%in& shall personall$ receive the evi%ence to #e a%%uce% #$ the parties, ?o'ever in %efault or e/ parte hearin&s an% in an$ case 'here the parties a&ree in 'ritin& the court "a$ %ele&ate the reception of evi%ence to its cler. of court 'ho is a "e"#er of the #ar, +he cler. of court shall have no po'er to rule on o#1ections to an$ @uestion or to the a%"ission of e/hi#its 'hich o#1ections shall #e resolve% #$ the court upon su#"ission of his report an% the transcripts 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" ter"ination of the hearin&, (n)

RULE 31

CONSOLIDATION OR SEVERANCE

SECTION 1. Consolidation.* 8hen actions involvin& a co""on @uestion of la' or fact are pen%in& #efore the court it "a$ or%er a 1oint hearin& or trial of an$ or all the "atters in issue in the actions7 it "a$ or%er all the actions consoli%ate%7 an% it "a$ "a.e such or%ers concernin& procee%in&s therein as "a$ ten% to avoi% unnecessar$ costs or %ela$, (1)

SEC. !. Separate trials.* +he court in furtherance of convenience or to avoi% pre1u%ice "a$ or%er a separate trial of an$ clai" cross-clai" counterclai" or thir%-part$ co"plaint or of an$ separate issue or of an$ nu"#er of clai"s cross-clai"s counterclai"s thir%-part$ co"plaints or issues, (0a)

RULE 3!

TRIAL B COMMISSIONER

SECTION 1. Reference by consent.* ($ 'ritten consent of #oth parties the court "a$ or%er an$ or all of the issues in a case to #e referre% to a co""issioner to #e a&ree% upon #$ the parties or to #e appointe% #$ the court, As use% in these -ules the 'or% =co""issioner= inclu%es a referee an au%itor an% an e/a"iner, (1a -44)

SEC. !. Reference ordered on motion.* 8hen the parties %o not consent the court "a$ upon the application of either or of its o'n "otion %irect a reference to a co""issioner in the follo'in& cases)

(a) 8hen the trial of an issue of fact re@uires the e/a"ination of a lon& account on either si%e in 'hich case the co""issioner "a$ #e %irecte% to hear an% report upon the 'hole issue or an$ specific @uestion involve% therein7

(#) 8hen the ta.in& of an account is necessar$ for the infor"ation of the court #efore 1u%&"ent or for carr$in& a 1u%&"ent or or%er into effect7

(c) 8hen a @uestion of fact other than upon the plea%in&s arises upon "otion or other'ise in an$ sta&e of a case or for carr$in& a 1u%&"ent or or%er into effect, (0 a -44)

SEC. 3. Order of reference; powers of the commissioner. * 8hen a reference is "a%e the cler. shall forth'ith furnish the co""issioner 'ith a cop$ of the or%er of reference, +he or%er "a$ specif$ or li"it the po'ers of the co""issioner an% "a$ %irect hi" to report onl$ upon particular issues or to %o or perfor" particular acts or to receive an% report evi%ence onl$ an% "a$ fi/ the %ate for #e&innin& an% closin& the hearin&s an% for the filin& of his report, !u#1ect to the specifications an% li"itations state% in the or%er the co""issioner has an% shall e/ercise the Po'er to re&ulate the procee%in&s in ever$ hearin& #efore hi" an% to %o all acts an% ta.e all "easures necessar$ or Proper for the efficient perfor"ance of his %uties un%er the or%er, ?e "a$ issue su#poenas an% su#poenas %uces tecu" s'ear 'itnesses an% unless other'ise provi%e% in the or%er of reference he "a$ rule upon the a%"issi#ilit$ of evi%ence, +he trial or hearin& #efore hi" shall procee% in all respects as it 'oul% if hel% #efore the court, (4a -44)

SEC. ". Oath of commissioner.* (efore enterin& upon his %uties the co""issioner shall #e s'orn to a faithful an% honest perfor"ance thereof, (13 -44)

SEC. #. $roceedings before commissioner.* >pon receipt of the or%er of reference an% unless other'ise provi%e% therein the co""issioner shall forth'ith set a ti"e an% place for the first "eetin& of the parties or their counsel to #e hel% 'ithin ten (10) %a$s after the %ate of the or%er of reference an% shall notif$ the parties or their counsel, (5a -44)

SEC. $. 3ailure of parties to appear before commissioner.* If a part$ fails to appear at the ti"e an% place appointe% the co""issioner "a$ procee% e/ parte or in his %iscretion a%1ourn the procee%in&s to a future %a$ &ivin& notice to the a#sent part$ or his counsel of the a%1ourn"ent, (5a -44)

SEC. 7. Refusal of witness.* +he refusal of a 'itness to o#e$ a su#poena issue% #$ the co""issioner or to &ive evi%ence #efore hi" shall #e %ee"e% a conte"pt of the court 'hich appointe% the co""issioner, (7a -44)

SEC. 8. Commissioner shall avoid delays.* It is the %ut$ of the co""issioner to procee% 'ith all reasona#le %ili&ence, 6ither part$ on notice to the parties an% co""issioner "a$ appl$ to the court for an or%er re@uirin& the co""issioner to e/pe%ite the procee%in&s an% to "a.e his report, (Aa -44)

SEC. 9. Report of commissioner.* >pon the co"pletion of the trial or hearin& or procee%in& #efore the co""issioner he shall file 'ith the court his report in 'ritin& upon the "atters su#"itte% to hi" #$ the or%er of reference, 8hen his po'ers are not specifie% or li"ite% he shall set forth his fin%in&s of fact an% conclusions of la' in his report, ?e shall attach thereto all e/hi#its affi%avits %epositions papers an% the transcript if an$ of the testi"onial evi%ence presente% #efore hi", (9a -44)

SEC. 10. %otice to parties of the filing of report. * >pon the filin& of the report the parties shall #e notifie% #$ the cler. an% the$ shall #e allo'e% ten D:) %a$s 'ithin 'hich to si&nif$ &roun%s of o#1ections to the fin%in&s of the report if the$ so %esire, :#1ections to the report #ase% upon &roun%s 'hich 'ere availa#le to the parties %urin& the procee%in&s #efore the co""issioner other than o#1ections to the fin%in&s an% conclusions therein set forth shall not #e consi%ere% #$ the court unless the$ 'ere "a%e #efore the co""issioner, (10 -44)

SEC. 11. 2earing upon report.* >pon the e/piration of the perio% of ten (10) %a$s referre% to in the prece%in& section the report shall #e set for hearin& after 'hich the court shall issue an or%er a%optin& "o%if$in& or re1ectin& the report in 'hole or in part or reco""ittin& it 'ith instructions or re@uirin& the parties to present further evi%ence #efore the co""issioner or the court, (11a -44)

SEC. 1!. Stipulations as to findings.* 8hen the parties stipulate that a co""issioners fin%in&s of fact shall #e final onl$ @uestions of la' shall thereafter #e consi%ere%, (10a -44)

SEC. 13. Compensation of commissioner.* +he court shall allo' the co""issioner such reasona#le co"pensation as the circu"stances of the case 'arrant to #e ta/e% as costs a&ainst the %efeate% part$ or apportione% as 1ustice re@uires, (14 -44)

RULE 33

DEMURRER TO EVIDENCE

SECTION 1. +emurrer to evidence. * After the plaintiff has co"plete% the presentation of his evi%ence the %efen%ant "a$ "ove for %is"issal on the &roun% that upon the facts an% the la' the plaintiff has sho'n no ri&ht to relief, If his "otion is %enie% he shall have the ri&ht to present evi%ence, If the "otion is &rante% #ut on appeal the or%er of %is"issal is reverse% he shall #e %ee"e% to have 'aive% the ri&ht to present evi%ence, (1a -45)

RULE 3"

'UDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS

SECTION 1. udgment on the pleadings.* 8here an ans'er fails to ten%er an issue or other'ise a%"its the "aterial alle&ations of the a%verse part$Fs plea%in& the court "a$ on "otion of that part$ %irect 1u%&"ent on such plea%in&, ?o'ever in actions for %eclaration of nullit$ or annul"ent of "arria&e or for le&al separation the "aterial facts alle&e% in the co"plaint shall al'a$s #e prove%, (1a -19)

RULE 3#

SUMMAR 'UDGMENTS

SECTION 1. Summary "udgment for claimant. * A part$ see.in& to recover upon a clai" counterclai" or cross-clai" or to o#tain a %eclarator$ relief "a$ at an$ ti"e after the plea%in& in ans'er thereto has #een serve% "ove 'ith supportin& affi%avits %epositions or a%"issions for a su""ar$ 1u%&"ent in his favor upon all or an$ part thereof, (1a -43)

SEC. !. Summary "udgment for defending party. * A part$ a&ainst 'ho" a clai" counterclai" or cross-clai" is asserte% or a %eclarator$ relief is sou&ht "a$ at an$ ti"e "ove 'ith supportin& affi%avits %epositions or a%"issions for a su""ar$ 1u%&"ent in his favor as to all or an$ part thereof, (0a -43)

SEC. 3. !otion and proceedings thereon.* +he "otion shall #e serve% at least ten (10) %a$s #efore the ti"e specifie% for the hearin&, +he a%verse part$ "a$ serve opposin& affi%avits %epositions or a%"issions at least three (4) %a$s #efore the hearin&, After the hearin& the 1u%&"ent sou&ht shall #e ren%ere% forth'ith if the plea%in&s supportin& affi%avits %epositions an% a%"issions on file sho' that e/cept as to the a"ount of %a"a&es there is no &enuine issue as to an$ "aterial fact an% that the "ovin& part$ is entitle% to a 1u%&"ent as a "atter of la', (4a -43)

SEC. ". Case not fully ad"udicated on motion. * If on "otion un%er this -ule 1u%&"ent is not ren%ere% upon the 'hole case or for all the reliefs sou&ht an% a trial is necessar$ the court at the hearin& of the "otion #$ e/a"inin& the plea%in&s an% the evi%ence #efore it an% #$ interro&atin& counsel shall ascertain 'hat "aterial facts e/ist 'ithout su#stantial controvers$ an% 'hat are actuall$ an% in &oo% faith controverte%, It shall thereupon "a.e an or%er specif$in& the facts that appear 'ithout su#stantial controvers$ inclu%in& the e/tent to 'hich the a"ount of %a"a&es or other relief is not in controvers$ an% %irectin& such further procee%in&s in the action as are 1ust, +he facts so specifie% shall #e %ee"e% esta#lishe% an% the trial shall #e con%ucte% on the controverte% facts accor%in&l$, (3a -43)

SEC. #. 3orm of affidavits and supporting papers. * !upportin& an% opposin& affi%avits shall #e "a%e on personal .no'le%&e shall set forth such facts as 'oul% #e a%"issi#le in evi%ence an% shall sho' affir"ativel$ that the affiant is co"petent to testif$ to the "atters state% therein, Certifie% true copies of all papers or parts thereof referre% to in the affi%avit shall #e attache% thereto or serve% there'ith, (5a -43)

SEC. $. (ffidavits in bad faith.* !houl% It appear to its satisfaction at an$ ti"e that an$ of the affi%avits presente% pursuant to this -ule are presente% in #a% faith or solel$ for the purpose of %ela$ the court shall forth'ith or%er the offen%in& part$ or counsel to pa$ to the other part$ the a"ount of the reasona#le e/penses 'hich the filin& of the affi%avits cause% hi" to incur inclu%in& attorne$Fs fees It "a$ after hearin& further a%1u%&e the offen%in& part$ or counsel &uilt$ of conte"pt, (5a -43)

RULE 3$

'UDGMENTS, FINAL ORDERS AND ENTR THEREOF

SECTION 1. Rendition of "udgments and final orders. * A 1u%&"ent or final or%er %eter"inin& the "erits of the case shall #e in 'ritin& personall$ an% %irectl$ prepare% #$ the 1u%&e statin& clearl$ an% %istinctl$ the facts an% the la' on 'hich it is #ase% si&ne% #$ hi" an% file% 'ith the cler. of the court, (1a)

SEC. !. *ntry of "udgments and final orders. * If no appeal or "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration is file% 'ithin the ti"e provi%e% in these -ules the 1u%&"ent or final or%er shall forth'ith #e entere% #$ the cler. in the #oo. of entries of 1u%&"ents, +he %ate of finalit$ of the

1u%&"ent or final or%er shall #e %ee"e% to #e the %ate of its entr$, +he recor% shall contain the %ispositive part of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er an% shall #e si&ne% #$ the cler. 'ith a certificate that such 1u%&"ent or final or%er has #eco"e final an% e/ecutor$, (0a 10 -51)

SEC. 3. udgment for or against one or more of several parties.* Gu%&"ent "a$ #e &iven for or a&ainst one or "ore of several plaintiffs an% for or a&ainst one or "ore of several %efen%ants, 8hen 1ustice so %e"an%s the court "a$ re@uire the parties on each si%e to file a%versar$ plea%in&s as #et'een the"selves an% %eter"ine their ulti"ate ri&hts an% o#li&ations, (4)

SEC. ". Several "udgments.* In an action a&ainst several %efen%ants the court "a$ 'hen a several 1u%&"ent is proper ren%er 1u%&"ent a&ainst one or "ore of the" leavin& the action to procee% a&ainst the others, (3)

SEC. #. Separate "udgments.* 8hen "ore than one clai" for relief is presente% in an action the court at an$ sta&e upon a %eter"ination of the issues "aterial to a particular clai" an% all counterclai"s arisin& out of the transaction or occurrence 'hich is the su#1ect "atter of the clai" "a$ ren%er a separate 1u%&"ent %isposin& of such clai", +he 1u%&"ent shall ter"inate the action 'ith respect to the clai" so %ispose% of an% the action shall procee% as to the re"ainin& clai"s, In case a separate 1u%&"ent is ren%ere% the court #$ or%er "a$ sta$ its enforce"ent until the ren%ition of a su#se@uent 1u%&"ent or 1u%&"ents an% "a$ prescri#e such con%itions as "a$ #e necessar$ to secure the #enefit thereof to the part$ in 'hose favor the 1u%&"ent is ren%ere%, (5a)

SEC. $. udgment against entity without "uridical personality.* 8hen 1u%&"ent is ren%ere% a&ainst t'o or "ore persons sue% as an entit$ 'ithout 1uri%ical personalit$ the 1u%&"ent shall set out their in%ivi%ual or proper na"es if .no'n, (5a)

RULE 37

NE& TRIAL OR RECONSIDERATION

SECTION 1. ,rounds of and period for filing motion for new trial or reconsideration.* 8ithin the perio% for ta.in& an appeal the a&&rieve% part$ "a$ "ove the trial court to set asi%e the 1u%&"ent or final or%er an% &rant a ne' trial for one or "ore of the follo'in& causes "ateriall$ affectin& the su#stantial ri&hts of sai% part$)

(a) Crau% acci%ent "ista.e or e/cusa#le ne&li&ence 'hich or%inar$ pru%ence coul% not have &uar%e% a&ainst an% #$ reason of 'hich such a&&rieve% part$ has pro#a#l$ #een i"paire% in his ri&hts7 or

(#) Be'l$ %iscovere% evi%ence 'hich he coul% not 'ith reasona#le %ili&ence have %iscovere% an% pro%uce% at the trial an% 'hich if presente% 'oul% pro#a#l$ alter the result,

8ithin the sa"e perio% the a&&rieve% part$ "a$ also "ove for reconsi%eration upon the &roun%s that the %a"a&es a'ar%e% are e/cessive that the evi%ence is insufficient to 1ustif$ the %ecision or final or%er or that the %ecision or final or%er is contrar$ to la', (1a)

SEC. !. Contents of motion for new trial or reconsideration and notice thereof.* +he "otion shall #e "a%e in 'ritin& statin& the &roun% or &roun%s therefor a 'ritten notice of 'hich shall #e serve% #$ the "ovant on the a%verse part$,

A "otion for ne' trial shall #e prove% in the "anner provi%e% for proof of "otions, A "otion for the cause "entione% in para&raph (a) of the prece%in& section shall #e supporte% #$ affi%avits of "erits 'hich "a$ #e re#utte% #$ affi%avits, A "otion for the cause "entione% in para&raph (#) shall #e supporte% #$ affi%avits of the 'itnesses #$ 'ho" such evi%ence is e/pecte% to #e &iven or #$ %ul$ authenticate% %ocu"ents 'hich are propose% to #e intro%uce% in evi%ence,

A "otion for reconsi%eration shall point out specificall$ the fin%in&s or conclusions of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er 'hich are not supporte% #$ the evi%ence or 'hich are contrar$ to la' "a.in& e/press reference to the testi"onial or %ocu"entar$ evi%ence or to the provisions of la' alle&e% to #e contrar$ to such fin%in&s or conclusions,

A pro forma "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration shall not toll the re&le"entar$ perio% of appeal, (0a)

SEC. 3. (ction upon motion for new trial or reconsideration.* +he trial court "a$ set asi%e the 1u%&"ent or final or%er an% &rant a ne' trial upon such ter"s as "a$ #e 1ust or "a$ %en$ the "otion, If the court fin%s that e/cessive %a"a&es have #een a'ar%e% or that the 1u%&"ent or final or%er is contrar$ to the evi%ence or la' it "a$ a"en% such 1u%&"ent or final or%er accor%in&l$, (4a)

SEC. ". Resolution of motion.* A "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration shall #e resolve% 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s fro" the ti"e it is su#"itte% for resolution, (n)

SEC. #. Second motion for new trial.* A "otion for ne' trial shall inclu%e all &roun%s then availa#le an% those not so inclu%e% shall #e %ee"e% 'aive%, A secon% "otion for ne' trial #ase% on a &roun% not e/istin& nor availa#le 'hen the first "otion 'as "a%e "a$ #e file% 'ithin the ti"e herein provi%e% e/clu%in& the ti"e %urin& 'hich the first "otion ha% #een pen%in&,

Bo part$ shall #e allo'e% a secon% "otion for reconsi%eration of a 1u%&"ent or final or%er, (3a7 3 I-D)

SEC. $. *ffect of granting of motion for new trial. * If a ne' trial is &rante% in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of this -ule the ori&inal 1u%&"ent or final or%er shall #e vacate% an% the action shall stan% for trial %e novo7 #ut the recor%e% evi%ence ta.en upon the for"er trial in so far as the sa"e is "aterial an% co"petent to esta#lish the issues shall #e use% at the ne' trial 'ithout reta.in& the sa"e, (5a)

SEC. 7. $artial new trial or reconsideration. * If the &roun%s for a "otion un%er this -ule appear to the court to affect the issues as to onl$ a part or less than all of the "atter in controvers$ or onl$ one or less than all of the parties to it the court "a$ or%er a ne' trial or &rant reconsi%eration as to such issues if severa#le 'ithout interferin& 'ith the 1u%&"ent or final or%er upon the rest, (5a)

SEC. 8. *ffect of order for partial new trial. * 8hen less than all of the issues are or%ere% retrie% the court "a$ either enter a 1u%&"ent or final or%er as to the rest or sta$ the enforce"ent of such 1u%&"ent or final or%er until after the ne' trial, (7a)

SEC. 9. Remedy against order denying a motion for new trial or reconsideration.* An or%er %en$in& a "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration is not appeala#le the re"e%$ #ein& an appeal fro" the 1u%&"ent or final or%er, (n)

RULE 38

RELIEF FROM 'UDGMENTS, ORDERS, OR OTHER PROCEEDINGS

SECTION 1. $etition for relief from, "udgment, order, or other proceedings * 8hen a 1u%&"ent or final or%er is entere% or an$ other procee%in& is thereafter ta.en a&ainst a part$ in an$ court throu&h frau% acci%ent "ista.e or e/cusa#le ne&li&ence he "a$ file a petition in such court an% in the sa"e case pra$in& that the 1u%&"ent or%er or procee%in& #e set asi%e, (0a)

SEC. !. $etition for relief from denial of appeal. * 8hen a 1u%&"ent or final or%er is ren%ere% #$ an$ court in a case an% a part$ thereto #$ frau% acci%ent "ista.e or e/cusa#le ne&li&ence has #een prevente% fro" ta.in& an appeal he "a$ file a petition in such court an% in the sa"e case pra$in& that the appeal #e &iven %ue course, (1a)

SEC. 3. Time for filing petition; contents and verification.* A petition provi%e% for in either of the prece%in& sections of this -ule "ust #e verifie% file% 'ithin si/t$ (50) %a$s after the petitioner learns of the 1u%&"ent final or%er or other procee%in& to #e set asi%e an% not "ore than si/ (5) "onths after such 1u%&"ent or final or%er 'as entere% or such procee%in& 'as ta.en7 an% "ust #e acco"panie% 'ith affi%avits sho'in& the frau% acci%ent "ista.e or e/cusa#le ne&li&ence relie% upon an% the facts constitutin& the petitionerFs &oo% an% su#stantial cause of action or %efense as the case "a$ #e, (4)

SEC. ". Order to file an answer.* If the petition is sufficient in for" an% su#stance to 1ustif$ relief the court in 'hich it is file% shall issue an or%er re@uirin& the a%verse parties to ans'er the sa"e 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" the receipt thereof, +he or%er shall #e serve% in such "anner as court "a$ %irect to&ether 'ith copies of the petition an% the acco"pan$in& affi%avits, (3a)

SEC. #. $reliminary in"unction pending proceedings. * +he court in 'hich the petition is file% "a$ &rant such preli"inar$ in1unction as "a$ #e necessar$ for the preservation of the ri&hts of the parties upon the filin& #$ the petitioner of a #on% in favor of the a%verse part$ con%itione% that if the petition is %is"isse% or the petitioner fails on the trial of the case upon its "erits he 'ill pa$ the a%verse part$ all %a"a&es an% costs that "a$ #e a'ar%e% to hi" #$ reason of the issuance of such in1unction or the other procee%in&s follo'in& the petition7 #ut such in1unction shall not operate to %ischar&e or e/tin&uish an$ lien 'hich the a%verse part$ "a$ have ac@uire% upon the propert$ of the petitioner, (5a)

SEC. $. $roceedings after answer is filed. * After the filin& of the ans'er or the e/piration of the perio% therefor the court shall hear the petition an% if after such hearin& it fin%s that the alle&ations thereof are not true the petition shall #e %is"isse%7 #ut if it fin%s sai% alle&ations to #e true it shall set asi%e the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or other procee%in& co"plaine% of upon such ter"s as "a$ #e 1ust,

+hereafter the case shall stan% as if such 1u%&"ent final or%er or other procee%in& ha% never #een ren%ere% issue% or ta.en, +he court shall then procee% to hear an% %eter"ine the case as if a ti"el$ "otion for a ne' trial or reconsi%eration ha% #een &rante% #$ it, (5a)

SEC. 7. $rocedure where the denial of an appeal is set aside.* 8here the %enial of an appeal is set asi%e the lo'er court shall #e re@uire% to &ive %ue course to the appeal an% to elevate the recor% of the appeale% case as if a ti"el$ an% proper appeal ha% #een "a%e, (7a)

RULE 39

E0ECUTION, SATISFACTION AND EFFECT OF 'UDGMENTS

SECTION 1. *4ecution upon "udgments or final orders. * 6/ecution shall issue as a "atter of ri&ht on "otion upon a 1u%&"ent or or%er that %isposes of the action or procee%in& upon the e/piration of the perio% to appeal therefro" if no appeal has #een %ul$ perfecte%, (1a)

If the appeal has #een %ul$ perfecte% an% finall$ resolve% the e/ecution "a$ forth'ith #e applie% for in the court of ori&in on "otion of the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee su#"ittin& there'ith certifie% true copies of the 1u%&"ent or 1u%&"ents or final or%er or or%ers sou&ht to #e enforce% an% of the entr$ thereof 'ith notice to the a%verse part$,

+he appellate court "a$ on "otion in the sa"e case 'hen the interest of 1ustice so re@uires %irect the court of ori&in to issue the 'rit of e/ecution, (n)

SEC. !. +iscretionary e4ecution.*

(a) *4ecution of a "udgment or final order pending appeal.* :n "otion of the prevailin& part$ 'ith notice to the a%verse part$ file% in the trial court 'hile it has 1uris%iction over the case an% is in possession of either the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal as the case "a$ #e at the ti"e of the filin& of such "otion sai% court "a$ in its %iscretion or%er e/ecution of a 1u%&"ent or final or%er even #efore the e/piration of the perio% to appeal,

After the trial court has lost 1uris%iction the "otion for e/ecution pen%in& appeal "a$ #e file% in the appellate court,

Eiscretionar$ e/ecution "a$ onl$ issue upon &oo% reasons to #e state% in a special or%er after %ue hearin&,

(#) *4ecution of several, separate or partial "udgments.* A several separate or partial 1u%&"ent "a$ #e e/ecute% un%er the sa"e ter"s an% con%itions as e/ecution of a 1u%&"ent or final or%er pen%in& appeal, (0a)

SEC. 3. Stay of discretionary e4ecution.* Eiscretionar$ e/ecution issue% un%er the prece%in& section "a$ #e sta$e% upon approval #$ the proper court of a sufficient superse%eas #on% file% #$ the part$ a&ainst 'ho" it is %irecte% con%itione% upon the perfor"ance of the 1u%&"ent or or%er allo'e% to #e e/ecute% in case it shall #e finall$ sustaine% in 'hole or in part, +he #on% thus &iven "a$ #e procee%e% a&ainst on "otion 'ith notice to the suret$, (4a)

SEC. ". udgments not stayed by appeal.* Gu%&"ents in actions for in1unction receivership accountin& an% support an% such other 1u%&"ents as are no' or "a$ hereafter #e %eclare% to #e i""e%iatel$ e/ecutor$ shall #e enforcea#le after their ren%ition an% shall not #e sta$e% #$ an appeal ta.en therefro" unless other'ise or%ere% #$ the trial court, :n appeal therefro" the appellate court in its %iscretion "a$ "a.e an or%er suspen%in& "o%if$in& restorin& or &rantin& the in1unction receivership accountin& or a'ar% of support,

+he sta$ of e/ecution shall #e upon such ter"s as to #on% or other'ise as "a$ #e consi%ere% proper for the securit$ or protection of the ri&hts of the a%verse part$, (3a)

SEC. #. *ffect of reversal of e4ecuted "udgment. * 8here the e/ecute% 1u%&"ent is reverse% totall$ or partiall$ or annulle% on appeal or other'ise the trial court "a$ on "otion issue such or%ers of restitution or reparation of %a"a&es as e@uit$ an% 1ustice "a$ 'arrant un%er the circu"stances, (5a)

SEC. $. *4ecution by motion or by independent action. * A final an% e/ecutor$ 1u%&"ent or or%er "a$ #e e/ecute% on "otion 'ithin five (5) $ears fro" the %ate of its entr$, After the lapse of such ti"e an% #efore it is #arre% #$ the statute of li"itations a 1u%&"ent "a$ #e enforce% #$ action, +he revive%

1u%&"ent "a$ also #e enforce% #$ "otion 'ithin five (5) $ears fro" the %ate of its entr$ an% thereafter #$ action #efore it is #arre% #$ the statute of li"itations, (5a)

SEC. 7. *4ecution in case of death of party. * In case of %eath of a part$ e/ecution "a$ issue or #e enforce% in follo'in& "anner)

(a) In case of the %eath of the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee upon the application of his e/ecutor or a%"inistrator or successor in interest7

(#) In case of the %eath of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or a&ainst his e/ecutor or a%"inistrator or successor in interest if the 1u%&"ent #e for the recover$ of real or personal propert$ or the enforce"ent of a lien thereon7

(c) In case of the %eath of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or after e/ecution is actuall$ levie% upon an$ of his propert$ the sa"e "a$ #e sol% for the satisfaction of the 1u%&"ent o#li&ation an% the officer "a.in& the sale shall account to the correspon%in& e/ecutor or a%"inistrator for an$ surplus in his han%s, (7a)

SEC. 8. Issuance, form and contents of a writ of e4ecution. * +he 'rit of e/ecution shall) (1) issue in the na"e of the -epu#lic of the Philippines fro" the court 'hich &rante% the "otion7 (0) state the na"e of the court the case nu"#er an% title the %ispositive part of the su#1ect 1u%&"ent or or%er7 an% (4) re@uire the sheriff or other proper officer to 'ho" it is %irecte% to enforce the 'rit accor%in& to its ter"s in the "anner hereinafter provi%e%)

(a) If the e/ecution #e a&ainst the propert$ of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or to satisf$ the 1u%&"ent 'ith interest out of the real or personal propert$ of such 1u%&"ent o#li&or7

(#) If it #e a&ainst real or personal propert$ in the han%s of personal representatives heirs %evisees le&atees tenants or trustees of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or to satisf$ the 1u%&"ent 'ith interest out of such propert$7

(c) If it #e for the sale of real or personal propert$ to sell such propert$ %escri#in& it an% appl$ the procee%s in confor"it$ 'ith the 1u%&"ent the "aterial parts of 'hich shall #e recite% in the 'rit of e/ecution7

(%) If it #e for the %eliver$ of the possession of real or personal propert$ to %eliver the possession of the sa"e %escri#in& it to the part$ entitle% thereto an% to satisf$ an$ costs %a"a&es rents or profits covere% #$ the 1u%&"ent out of the personal propert$ of the person a&ainst 'ho" it 'as ren%ere% an% if sufficient personal propert$ cannot #e foun% then out of the real propert$7 an%

(e) In all cases the 'rit of e/ecution shall specificall$ state the a"ount of the interest costs %a"a&es rents or profits %ue as of the %ate of the issuance of the 'rit asi%e fro" the principal o#li&ation un%er the 1u%&"ent, Cor this purpose the "otion for e/ecution shall specif$ the a"ounts of the fore&oin& reliefs sou&ht #$ the "ovant, (Aa)

SEC. 9. *4ecution of "udgments for money, how enforced.* (a) Immediate payment on demand.* +he officer shall enforce an e/ecution of a 1u%&"ent for "one$ #$ %e"an%in& fro" the 1u%&"ent o#li&or the i""e%iate pa$"ent of the full a"ount state% in the 'rit of e/ecution an% all la'ful fees, +he 1u%&"ent o#li&or shall pa$ in cash certifie% #an. chec. pa$a#le to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee or an$ other for" of pa$"ent accepta#le to the latter the a"ount of the 1u%&"ent %e#t un%er proper receipt %irectl$ to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee or his authori2e% representative if present at the ti"e of pa$"ent, +he la'ful fees shall #e han%e% un%er proper receipt to the e/ecutin& sheriff 'ho shall turn over the sai% a"ount 'ithin the sa"e %a$ to the cler. of court of the court that issue% the 'rit,

If the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee or his authori2e% representative is not present to receive pa$"ent the 1u%&"ent o#li&or shall %eliver the aforesai% pa$"ent to the e/ecutin& sheriff, +he latter shall turn over all the a"ounts co"in& into his possession 'ithin the sa"e %a$ to the cler. of court of the court that issue% the 'rit or if the sa"e is not practica#le %eposit sai% a"ounts to a fi%uciar$ account in the nearest &overn"ent %epositor$ #an. of the -e&ional +rial Court of the localit$,

+he cler. of sai% court shall thereafter arran&e for the re"ittance of the %eposit to the account of the court that issue% the 'rit 'hose cler. of court shall then %eliver sai% pa$"ent to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee in satisfaction of the 1u%&"ent, +he e/cess if an$ shall #e %elivere% to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or 'hile the la'ful fees shall #e retaine% #$ the cler. of court for %isposition as provi%e% #$ la', In no case shall the e/ecutin& sheriff %e"an% that an$ pa$"ent #$ chec. #e "a%e pa$a#le to hi",

(#) Satisfaction by levy.* If the 1u%&"ent o#li&or cannot pa$ all or part of the o#li&ation in cash certifie% #an. chec. or other "o%e of pa$"ent accepta#le to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee the officer shall lev$ upon the properties of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or of ever$ .in% an% nature 'hatsoever 'hich "a$ #e %ispose% of for value an% not other'ise e/e"pt fro" e/ecution &ivin& the latter the option to i""e%iatel$ choose 'hich propert$ or part thereof "a$ #e levie% upon sufficient to satisf$ the

1u%&"ent, If the 1u%&"ent o#li&or %oes not e/ercise the option the officer shall first lev$ on the personal properties if an$ an% then on the real properties if the personal properties are insufficient to ans'er for the 1u%&"ent,

+he sheriff shall sell onl$ a sufficient portion of the personal or real propert$ of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or 'hich has #een levie% upon,

8hen there is "ore propert$ of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or than is sufficient to satisf$ the 1u%&"ent an% la'ful fees he "ust sell onl$ so "uch of the personal or real propert$ as is sufficient to satisf$ the 1u%&"ent an% la'ful fees,

-eal propert$ stoc.s shares %e#ts cre%its an% other personal propert$ or an$ interest in either real or personal propert$ "a$ #e levie% upon in li.e "anner an% 'ith li.e effect as un%er a 'rit of attach"ent,

(c) ,arnishment of debts and credits.* +he officer "a$ lev$ on %e#ts %ue the 1u%&"ent o#li&or an% other cre%its inclu%in& #an. %eposits financial interests ro$alties co""issions an% other personal propert$ not capa#le of "anual %eliver$ in the possession or control of thir% parties, Hev$ shall #e "a%e #$ servin& notice upon the person o'in& such %e#ts or havin& in his possession or control such cre%its to 'hich the 1u%&"ent o#li&or is entitle%, +he &arnish"ent shall cover onl$ such a"ount as 'ill satisf$ the 1u%&"ent an% all la'ful fees,

+he &arnishee shall "a.e a 'ritten report to the court 'ithin five (5) %a$s fro" service of the notice of &arnish"ent statin& 'hether or not the 1u%&"ent o#li&or has sufficient fun%s or cre%its to satisf$ the a"ount of the 1u%&"ent, If not the report shall state ho' "uch fun%s or cre%its the &arnishee hol%s for the 1u%&"ent o#li&or, +he &arnishe% a"ount in cash or certifie% #an. chec. issue% in the na"e of the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee shall #e %elivere% %irectl$ to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee 'ithin ten (10) 'or.in& %a$s fro" service of notice on sai% &arnishee re@uirin& such %eliver$ e/cept the la'ful fees 'hich shall #e pai% %irectl$ to the court,

In the event there are t'o or "ore &arnishees hol%in& %eposits or cre%its sufficient to satisf$ the 1u%&"ent the 1u%&"ent o#li&or if availa#le shall have the ri&ht to in%icate the &arnishee or &arnishees 'ho shall #e re@uire% to %eliver the a"ount %ue7 other'ise the choice shall #e "a%e #$ the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee,

+he e/ecutin& sheriff shall o#serve the sa"e proce%ure un%er para&raph (a) 'ith respect to %eliver$ of

pa$"ent to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee, (Aa 15a)

SEC. 10. *4ecution of "udgments for specific act* (a) Conveyance, delivery of deeds, or other specific acts; vesting title.* If a 1u%&"ent %irects a part$ to e/ecute a conve$ance of lan% or personal propert$ or to %eliver %ee%s or other %ocu"ents or to perfor" an$ other specific act in connection there'ith an% the part$ fails to co"pl$ 'ithin the ti"e specifie% the court "a$ %irect the act to #e %one at the cost of the %iso#e%ient part$ #$ so"e other person appointe% #$ the court an% the act 'hen so %one shall have li.e effect as if %one #$ the part$, If real or personal propert$ is situate% 'ithin the Philippines the court in lieu of %irectin& a conve$ance thereof "a$ #$ an or%er %ivest the title of an$ part$ an% vest it in others 'hich shall have the force an% effect of a conve$ance e/ecute% in %ue for" of la', (10a)

(#) Sale of real or personal property.* If the 1u%&"ent #e for the sale of real or personal propert$ to sell such propert$ %escri#in& it an% appl$ the procee%s in confor"it$ 'ith the 1u%&"ent, (A[c]a)

(c) +elivery or restitution of real property. * +he officer shall %e"an% of the person a&ainst 'ho" the 1u%&"ent for the %eliver$ or restitution of real propert$ is ren%ere% an% all persons clai"in& ri&hts un%er hi" to peacea#l$ vacate the propert$ 'ithin three (4) 'or.in& %a$s an% restore possession thereof to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee7 other'ise the officer shall oust all such persons therefro" 'ith the assistance if necessar$ of appropriate peace officers an% e"plo$in& such "eans as "a$ #e reasona#l$ necessar$ to reta.e possession an% place the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee in possession of such propert$, An$ costs %a"a&es rents or profits a'ar%e% #$ the 1u%&"ent shall #e satisfie% in the sa"e "anner as a 1u%&"ent for "one$, (14a)

(%) Removed of improvements on property sub"ect of e4ecution.* 8hen the propert$ su#1ect of the e/ecution contains i"prove"ents constructe% or plante% #$ the 1u%&"ent o#li&or or his a&ent the officer shall not %estro$ %e"olish or re"ove sai% i"prove"ents e/cept upon special or%er of the court issue% upon "otion of the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee after %ue hearin& an% after the for"er has faile% to re"ove the sa"e 'ithin a reasona#le ti"e fi/e% #$ the court, (13a)

(e) +elivery of personal property.* In 1u%&"ents for the %eliver$ of personal propert$ the officer shall ta.e possession of the sa"e an% forth'ith %eliver it to the part$ entitle% thereto an% satisf$ an$ 1u%&"ent for "one$ as therein provi%e%, (Aa)

SEC. 11. *4ecution of special "udgments.* 8hen a 1u%&"ent re@uires the perfor"ance of an$ act other than those "entione% in the t'o prece%in& sections a certifie% cop$ of the 1u%&"ent shall #e attache% to the 'rit of e/ecution an% shall #e serve% #$ the officer upon the part$ a&ainst 'ho" the

sa"e is ren%ere% or upon an$ other person re@uire% there#$ or #$ la' to o#e$ the sa"e an% such part$ or person "a$ #e punishe% for conte"pt if he %iso#e$s such 1u%&"ent, (9a)

SEC. 1!. *ffect of levy on e4ecution as to third persons.* +he lev$ on e/ecution shall create a lien in favor of the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee over the ri&ht title an% interest of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or in such propert$ at the ti"e of the lev$ su#1ect to liens an% encu"#rances then e/istin&, (15a)

SEC. 13. $roperty e4empt from e4ecution.* 6/cept as other'ise e/pressl$ provi%e% #$ la' the follo'in& propert$ an% no other shall #e e/e"pt fro" e/ecution)

(a) +he 1u%&"ent o#li&orFs fa"il$ ho"e as provi%e% #$ la' or the ho"estea% in 'hich he resi%es an% lan% necessaril$ use% in connection there'ith7

(#) :r%inar$ tools an% i"ple"ents personall$ use% #$ hi" in his tra%e e"plo$"ent or livelihoo%7

(c) +hree horses or three co's or three cara#aos or other #easts of #ur%en such as the 1u%&"ent o#li&or "a$ select necessaril$ use% #$ hi" in his or%inar$ occupation7

(%) ?is necessar$ clothin& an% articles for or%inar$ personal use e/clu%in& 1e'elr$7

(e) ?ousehol% furniture an% utensils necessar$ for house.eepin& an% use% for that purpose #$ the 1u%&"ent o#li&or an% his fa"il$ such as the 1u%&"ent o#li&or "a$ select of a value not e/cee%in& one hun%re% thousan% pesos7

(f) Provisions for in%ivi%ual or fa"il$ use sufficient for four "onths7

(&) +he professional li#raries an% e@uip"ent of 1u%&es la'$ers ph$sicians phar"acists %entists en&ineers surve$ors cler&$"en teachers an% other professionals not e/cee%in& three hun%re% thousan% pesos in value7

(h) :ne fishin& #oat an% accessories not e/cee%in& the total value of one hun%re% thousan% pesos o'ne% #$ a fisher"an an% #$ the la'ful use of 'hich he earns his livelihoo%7

(i) !o "uch of the salaries 'a&es or earnin&s of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or for his personal services 'ithin the four "onths prece%in& the lev$ as are necessar$ for the support of his fa"il$7

(1) Hettere% &ravestones7

(.) 9onies #enefits privile&es or annuities accruin& or in an$ "anner &ro'in& out of an$ life insurance7

(l) +he ri&ht to receive le&al support or "one$ or propert$ o#taine% as such support or an$ pension or &ratuit$ fro" the Dovern"ent7

(") Properties speciall$ e/e"pte% #$ la',

(ut no article or species of propert$ "entione% in this section shall #e e/e"pt fro" e/ecution issue% upon a 1u%&"ent recovere% for its price or upon a 1u%&"ent of foreclosure of a "ort&a&e thereon, (10a)

SEC. 1". Return of writ of e4ecution.* +he 'rit of e/ecution shall #e returna#le to the court issuin& it i""e%iatel$ after the 1u%&"ent has #een satisfie% in part or in full, If the 1u%&"ent cannot #e satisfie% in full 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s after his receipt of the 'rit the officer shall report to the court an% state the reason therefor, !uch 'rit shall continue in effect %urin& the perio% 'ithin 'hich the 1u%&"ent "a$ #e enforce% #$ "otion, +he officer shall "a.e a report to the court ever$ thirt$ (40) %a$s on the procee%in&s ta.en thereon until the 1u%&"ent is satisfie% in full or its effectivit$ e/pires, +he returns or perio%ic reports shall set forth the 'hole of the procee%in&s ta.en an% shall #e file% 'ith the court an% copies thereof pro"ptl$ furnishe% the parties, (11a)

SEC. 1#. %otice of sale of property on e4ecution.* (efore the sale of propert$ on e/ecution notice thereof "ust #e &iven as follo's)

(a) In case of perisha#le propert$ #$ postin& 'ritten notice of the ti"e an% place of the sale in three (4) pu#lic places prefera#l$ in conspicuous areas of the "unicipal or cit$ hall post office an% pu#lic "ar.et in the "unicipalit$ or cit$ 'here the sale is to ta.e place for such ti"e as "a$ #e reasona#le consi%erin& the character an% con%ition of the propert$7

(#) In case of other personal propert$ #$ postin& a si"ilar notice in the three (4) pu#lic places a#ove"entione% for not less than five (5) %a$s7

(c) In case of real propert$ #$ postin& for t'ent$ (00) %a$s in the three (4) pu#lic places a#ove"entione% a si"ilar notice particularl$ %escri#in& the propert$ an% statin& 'here the propert$ is to #e sol% an% if the assesse% value of the propert$ e/cee%s fift$ thousan% (P50 000,00) pesos #$ pu#lishin& a cop$ of the notice once a 'ee. for t'o (0) consecutive 'ee.s in one ne'spaper selecte% #$ raffle 'hether in 6n&lish Cilipino or an$ "a1or re&ional lan&ua&e pu#lishe% e%ite% an% circulate% or in the a#sence thereof havin& &eneral circulation in the province or cit$7

(%) In all cases 'ritten notice of the sale shall #e &iven to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or at least three (4) %a$s #efore the sale e/cept as provi%e% in para&raph (a) hereof 'here notice shall #e &iven at an$ ti"e #efore the sale in the sa"e "anner as personal service of plea%in&s an% other papers as provi%e% #$ section 5 of -ule 14,

+he notice shall specif$ the place %ate an% e/act ti"e of the sale 'hich shoul% not #e earlier than nine oFcloc. in the "ornin& an% not later than t'o oFcloc. in the afternoon, +he place of the sale "a$ #e a&ree% upon #$ the parties, In the a#sence of such a&ree"ent the sale of real propert$ or personal propert$ not capa#le of "anual %eliver$ shall #e hel% in the office of the cler. of court of the -e&ional +rial Court or the 9unicipal +rial Court 'hich issue% the 'rit or 'hich 'as %esi&nate% #$ the appellate court, In the case of personal propert$ capa#le of "anual %eliver$ the sale shall #e hel% in the place 'here the propert$ is locate%, (1Aa)

SEC. 1$. $roceedings where property claimed by third person. * If the propert$ levie% on is clai"e% #$ an$ person other than the 1u%&"ent o#li&or or his a&ent an% such person "a.es an affi%avit of his title thereto or ri&ht to the possession thereof statin& the &roun%s of such ri&ht or title an% serves the sa"e upon the officer "a.in& the lev$ an% a cop$ thereof upon the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee the officer shall not #e #oun% to .eep the propert$ unless such 1u%&"ent o#li&ee on %e"an% of the officer files a #on% approve% #$ the court to in%e"nif$ the thir%-part$ clai"ant in a su" not less than the value of the propert$ levie% on, In case of %isa&ree"ent as to such value the sa"e shall #e %eter"ine% #$ the court issuin& the 'rit of e/ecution, Bo clai" for %a"a&es for the ta.in& or .eepin& of the propert$ "a$ #e enforce% a&ainst the #on% unless the action therefor is file% 'ithin one hun%re% t'ent$ (100) %a$s fro" the %ate of the filin& of the #on%,

+he officer shall not #e lia#le for %a"a&es for the ta.in& or .eepin& of the propert$ to an$ thir%-part$ clai"ant if such #on% is file%, Bothin& herein containe% shall prevent such clai"ant or an$ thir% person fro" vin%icatin& his clai" to the propert$ in a separate action or prevent the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee fro" clai"in& %a"a&es in the sa"e or a separate action a&ainst a thir%-part$ clai"ant 'ho file% a frivolous or plainl$ spurious clai",

8hen the 'rit of e/ecution is issue% in favor of the -epu#lic of the Philippines or an$ officer %ul$ representin& it the filin& of such #on% shall not #e re@uire% an% in case the sheriff or lev$in& officer is sue% for %a"a&es as a result of the lev$ he shall #e represente% #$ the !olicitor Deneral an% if hel% lia#le therefor the actual %a"a&es a%1u%&e% #$ the court shall #e pai% #$ the Bational +reasurer out of such fun%s as "a$ #e appropriate% for the purpose, (17a)

SEC. 17. $enalty for selling without notice, or removing or defacing notice.* An officer sellin& 'ithout the notice prescri#e% #$ section 15 of this -ule shall #e lia#le to pa$ punitive %a"a&es in the a"ount of five thousan% (P5 000,00) pesos to an$ person in1ure% there#$ in a%%ition , to his actual %a"a&es #oth to #e recovere% #$ "otion in the sa"e action7 an% a person 'illfull$ re"ovin& or %efacin& the notice poste% if %one #efore the sale or #efore the satisfaction of the 1u%&"ent if it #e satisfie% #efore the sale shall #e lia#le to pa$ five thousan% (P5 000,000) pesos to an$ person in1ure% #$ reason thereof in a%%ition to his actual %a"a&es to #e recovere% #$ "otion in the sa"e action, (19a)

SEC. 18. %o sale if "udgment and costs paid. * At an$ ti"e #efore the sale of propert$ on e/ecution the 1u%&"ent o#li&or "a$ prevent the sale #$ pa$in& the a"ount re@uire% #$ the e/ecution an% the costs that have #een incurre% therein, (00a)

SEC. 19. 2ow property sold on e4ecution; who may direct manner and order of sale.* All sales of propert$ un%er e/ecution "ust #e "a%e at pu#lic auction to the hi&hest #i%%er to start at the e/act ti"e fi/e% in the notice, After sufficient propert$ has #een sol% to satisf$ the e/ecution no "ore shall #e sol% an% an$ e/cess propert$ or procee%s of the sale shall #e pro"ptl$ %elivere% to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or or his authori2e% representative unless other'ise %irecte% #$ the 1u%&"ent or or%er of the court, 8hen the sale is of real propert$ consistin& of several .no'n lots the$ "ust #e sol% separatel$7 or 'hen a portion of such real propert$ is clai"e% #$ a thir% person he "a$ re@uire it to #e sol% separatel$, 8hen the sale is of personal propert$ capa#le of "anual %eliver$ it "ust #e sol% 'ithin vie' of those atten%in& the sa"e an% in such parcels as are li.el$ to #rin& the hi&hest price, +he 1u%&"ent o#li&or if present at the sale "a$ %irect the or%er in 'hich propert$ real or personal shall #e sol% 'hen such propert$ consists of several .no'n lots or parcels 'hich can #e sol% to a%vanta&e separatel$, Beither the officer con%uctin& the e/ecution sale nor his %eputies can #eco"e a purchaser nor #e intereste% %irectl$ or in%irectl$ in an$ purchase at such sale, (01a)

SEC. !0. Refusal of purchaser to pay. * If a purchaser refuses to pa$ the a"ount #i% #$ hi" for propert$ struc. off to hi" at a sale un%er e/ecution the officer "a$ a&ain sell the propert$ to the hi&hest #i%%er an% shall not #e responsi#le for an$ loss occasione% there#$7 #ut the court "a$ or%er the refusin& purchaser to pa$ into the court the a"ount of such loss 'ith costs an% "a$ punish hi" for conte"pt if he %iso#e$s the or%er, +he a"ount of such pa$"ent shall #e for the #enefit of the person entitle% to the procee%s of the e/ecution unless the e/ecution has #een full$ satisfie% in 'hich event such procee%s shall #e for the #enefit of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or, +he officer "a$ thereafter re1ect an$ su#se@uent #i% of such purchaser 'ho refuses to pa$, (00a)

SEC. !1. udgment obligee as purchaser.* 8hen the purchaser is the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee an% no thir%part$ clai" has #een file% he nee% not pa$ the a"ount of the #i% if it %oes not e/cee% the a"ount of his 1u%&"ent, If it %oes he shall pa$ onl$ the e/cess, (04a)

SEC. !!. (d"ournment of sale.* ($ 'ritten consent of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or an% o#li&ee or their %ul$ authori2e% representatives the officer "a$ a%1ourn the sale to an$ %ate an% ti"e a&ree% upon #$ the", 8ithout such a&ree"ent he "a$ a%1ourn the sale fro" %a$ to %a$ if it #eco"es necessar$ to %o so for lac. of ti"e to co"plete the sale on the %a$ fi/e% in the notice or the %a$ to 'hich it 'as a%1ourne%, (03a)

SEC. !3. Conveyance to purchaser of personal property capable of manual delivery.* 8hen the purchaser of an$ personal propert$ capa#le of "anual %eliver$ pa$s the purchase price the officer "a.in& the sale "ust %eliver the propert$ to the purchaser an% if %esire% e/ecute an% %eliver to hi" a certificate of sale, +he sale conve$s to the purchaser all the ri&hts 'hich the 1u%&"ent o#li&or ha% in such propert$ as of the %ate of the lev$ on e/ecution or preli"inar$ attach"ent, (05a)

SEC. !". Conveyance to purchaser of personal property not capable of manual delivery.* 8hen the purchaser of an$ personal propert$ not capa#le of "anual %eliver$ pa$s the purchase price the officer "a.in& the sale "ust e/ecute an% %eliver to the purchaser a certificate of sale, !uch certificate conve$s to the purchaser all the ri&hts 'hich the 1u%&"ent o#li&or ha% in such propert$ as of the %ate of the lev$ on e/ecution or preli"inar$ attach"ent, (05a)

SEC. !#. Conveyance of real property; certificate thereof given to purchaser and filed with registry of deeds. * >pon a sale of real propert$ the officer "ust &ive to the purchaser a certificate of sale containin&)

(a) A particular %escription of the real propert$ sol%7

(#) +he price pai% for each %istinct lot or parcel7

(c) +he 'hole price pai% #$ hi"7

(%) A state"ent that the ri&ht of re%e"ption e/pires one (1) $ear fro" %ate of the re&istration of the certificate of sale,

!uch certificate "ust #e re&istere% in the re&istr$ of %ee%s of the place 'here the propert$ is situate%, (07a)

SEC. !$. Certificate of sale where property claimed by third person.* 8hen a propert$ sol% #$ virtue of a 'rit of e/ecution has #een clai"e% #$ a thir% person the certificate of sale to #e issue% #$ the sheriff pursuant to sections 04 03 an% 05 of this -ule shall "a.e e/press "ention of the e/istence of such thir%-part$ clai", (0Aa)

SEC. !7. #ho may redeem real property so sold. * -eal propert$ sol% as provi%e% in the last prece%in& section or an$ part thereof sol% separatel$ "a$ #e re%ee"e% in the "anner hereinafter provi%e% #$ the follo'in& persons)

(a) +he 1u%&"ent o#li&or or his successor in interest in the 'hole or an$ part of the propert$7

(#) A cre%itor havin& a lien #$ virtue of an attach"ent 1u%&"ent or "ort&a&e on the propert$ sol% or on so"e part thereof su#se@uent to the lien un%er 'hich the propert$ 'as sol%, !uch re%ee"in& cre%itor is ter"e% a re%e"ptioner, (09a)

SEC. !8. Time and manner of, and amounts payable on, successive redemptions; notice to be given and filed.* +he 1u%&"ent o#li&or or re%e"ptioner "a$ re%ee" the propert$ fro" the purchaser at an$ ti"e 'ithin one (1) $ear fro" the %ate of the re&istration of the certificate of sale #$ pa$in& the

purchaser the a"ount of his purchase 'ith one per centu" per "onth interest thereon in a%%ition up to the ti"e of re%e"ption to&ether 'ith the a"ount of an$ assess"ents or ta/es 'hich the purchaser "a$ have pai% thereon after purchase an% interest on such last na"e% a"ount at the sa"e rate7 an% if the purchaser #e also a cre%itor havin& a prior lien to that of the re%e"ptioner other than the 1u%&"ent un%er 'hich such purchase 'as "a%e the a"ount of such other lien 'ith interest,

Propert$ so re%ee"e% "a$ a&ain #e re%ee"e% 'ithin si/t$ (50) %a$s after the last re%e"ption upon pa$"ent of the su" pai% on the last re%e"ption 'ith t'o per centu" thereon in a%%ition an% the a"ount of an$ assess"ents or ta/es 'hich the last re%e"ptioner "a$ have pai% thereon after re%e"ption #$ hi" 'ith interest on such last-na"e% a"ount an% in a%%ition the a"ount of an$ liens hel% #$ sai% last re%e"ptioner prior to his o'n 'ith interest, +he propert$ "a$ #e a&ain an% as often as a re%e"ptioner is so %ispose% re%ee"e% fro" an$ previous re%e"ptioner 'ithin si/t$ (50) %a$s after the last re%e"ption on pa$in& the su" pai% on the last previous re%e"ption 'ith t'o per centu" thereon in a%%ition an% the a"ounts of an$ assess"ents or ta/es 'hich the last previous re%e"ptioner pai% after the re%e"ption thereon 'ith interest thereon an% the a"ount of an$ liens hel% #$ the last re%e"ptioner prior to his o'n 'ith interest,

8ritten notice of an$ re%e"ption "ust #e &iven to the officer 'ho "a%e the sale an% a %uplicate file% 'ith the re&istr$ of %ee%s of the place an% if an$ assess"ents or ta/es are pai% #$ the re%e"ptioner or if he has or ac@uires an$ lien other than that upon 'hich the re%e"ption 'as "a%e notice thereof "ust in li.e "anner #e &iven to the officer an% file% 'ith the re&istr$ of %ee%s7 if such notice #e not file% the propert$ "a$ #e re%ee"e% 'ithout pa$in& such assess"ents ta/es or liens, (40a)

SEC. !9. *ffect of redemption by "udgment obligor, and a certificate to be delivered and recorded thereupon; to whom payments on redemption made. * If the 1u%&"ent o#li&or re%ee"s he "ust "a.e the sa"e pa$"ents as are re@uire% to effect a re%e"ption #$ a re%e"ptioner 'hereupon no further re%e"ption shall #e allo'e% an% #e is restore% to his estate, +he person to 'ho" the re%e"ption pa$"ent is "a%e "ust e/ecute an% %eliver to hi" a certificate of re%e"ption ac.no'le%&e% #efore a notar$ pu#lic or other officer authori2e% to ta.e ac.no'le%&"ents of conve$ances of real propert$, !uch certificate "ust #e file% an% recor%e% in the re&istr$ of %ee%s of the place in 'hich the propert$ is situate% an% the re&istrar of %ee%s "ust note the recor% thereof on the "ar&in of the recor% of the certificate of sale, +he pa$"ents "entione% in this an% the last prece%in& sections "a$ #e "a%e to the purchaser or re%e"ptioner or for hi" to the officer 'ho "a%e the sale, (41a)

SEC. 30. $roof re6uired of redemptioner.* A re%e"ptioner "ust pro%uce to the officer or person fro" 'ho" he see.s to re%ee" an% serve 'ith his notice to the officer a cop$ of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er un%er 'hich he clai"s the ri&ht to re%ee" certifie% #$ the cler. of the court 'herein the 1u%&"ent or final or%er is entere%7 or if he re%ee"s upon a "ort&a&e or other lien a "e"oran%u" of the recor% thereof certifie% #$ the re&istrar of %ee%s7 or an ori&inal or certifie% cop$ of an$ assi&n"ent necessar$ to esta#lish his clai"7 an% an affi%avit e/ecute% #$ hi" or his a&ent sho'in& the a"ount then actuall$ %ue on the lien, (40a)

SEC. 31. !anner of using premises pending redemption; waste restrained.* >ntil the e/piration of the ti"e allo'e% for re%e"ption the court "a$ as in other proper cases restrain the co""ission of 'aste on the propert$ #$ in1unction on the application of the purchaser or the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee 'ith or 'ithout notice7 #ut it is not 'aste for a person in possession of the propert$ at the ti"e of the sale or entitle% to possession after'ar%s %urin& the perio% allo'e% for re%e"ption to continue to use it in the sa"e "anner in 'hich it 'as previousl$ use%7 or to use it in the or%inar$ course of hus#an%r$7 or to "a.e the necessar$ repairs to #uil%in&s thereon 'hile he occupies the propert$, (44a)

SEC. 3!. Rents, earnings and income of property pending redemption.* +he purchaser or a re%e"ptioner shall not #e entitle% to receive the rents earnin&s an% inco"e of the propert$ sol% on e/ecution or the value of the use an% occupation thereof 'hen such propert$ is in the possession of a tenant, All rents earnin&s an% inco"e %erive% fro" the propert$ pen%in& re%e"ption shall #elon& to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or until the e/piration of his perio% of re%e"ption, (43a)

SEC. 33. +eed and possession to be given at e4piration of redemption period; by whom e4ecuted or given. * If no re%e"ption #e "a%e 'ithin one (1) $ear fro" the %ate of the re&istration of the certificate of sale the purchaser is entitle% to a conve$ance an% possession of the propert$7 or if so re%ee"e% 'henever si/t$ (50) %a$s have elapse% an% no other re%e"ption has #een "a%e an% notice thereof &iven an% the ti"e for re%e"ption has e/pire% the last re%e"ptioner is entitle% to the conve$ance an% possession7 #ut in all cases the 1u%&"ent o#li&or shall have the entire perio% of one (1) $ear fro" the %ate of the re&istration of the sale to re%ee" the propert$, +he %ee% shall #e e/ecute% #$ the officer "a.in& the sale or #$ his successor in office an% in the latter case shall have the sa"e vali%it$ as thou&h the officer "a.in& the sale ha% continue% in office an% e/ecute% it,

>pon the e/piration of the ri&ht of re%e"ption the purchaser or re%e"ptioner shall #e su#stitute% to an% ac@uire all the ri&hts title interest an% clai" of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or to the propert$ as of the ti"e of the lev$, +he possession of the propert$ shall #e &iven to the purchaser or last re%e"ptioner #$ the sa"e officer unless a thir% part$ is actuall$ hol%in& the propert$ a%versel$ to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or, (45a)

SEC. 3". Recovery of price if sale not effective; revival of "udgment.* If the purchaser of real propert$ sol% on e/ecution or his successor in interest fails to recover the possession thereof or is evicte% therefro" in conse@uence of irre&ularities in the procee%in&s concernin& the sale or #ecause the 1u%&"ent has #een reverse% or set asi%e or #ecause the propert$ sol% 'as e/e"pt fro" e/ecution or #ecause a thir% person has vin%icate% his clai" to the propert$ he "a$ on "otion in the sa"e action or in a separate action recover fro" the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee the price pai% 'ith interest or so "uch thereof as has not #een %elivere% to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or7 or he "a$ on "otion have the ori&inal 1u%&"ent revive% in his na"e for the 'hole price 'ith interest or so "uch thereof as has #een

%elivere% to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or, +he 1u%&"ent so revive% shall have the sa"e force an% effect as an ori&inal 1u%&"ent 'oul% have as of the %ate of the revival an% no "ore, (45a)

SEC. 3#. Right to contribution or reimbursement. * 8hen propert$ lia#le to an e/ecution a&ainst several persons is sol% thereon an% "ore than a %ue proportion of the 1u%&"ent is satisfie% out of the procee%s of the sale of the propert$ of one of the" or one of the" pa$s 'ithout a sale "ore than his proportion he "a$ co"pel a contri#ution fro" the others7 an% 'hen a 1u%&"ent is upon an o#li&ation of one of the" as securit$ for another an% the suret$ pa$s the a"ount or an$ part thereof either #$ sale of his propert$ or #efore sale he "a$ co"pel repa$"ent fro" the principal, (47a)

SEC. 3$. *4amination of "udgment obligor when "udgment unsatisfied.* 8hen the return of a 'rit of e/ecution issue% a&ainst propert$ of a 1u%&"ent o#li&or or an$ one of several o#li&ors in the sa"e 1u%&"ent sho's that the 1u%&"ent re"ains unsatisfie% in 'hole or in part the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee at an$ ti"e after such return is "a%e shall #e entitle% to an or%er fro" the court 'hich ren%ere% the sai% 1u%&"ent re@uirin& such 1u%&"ent o#li&or to appear an% #e e/a"ine% concernin& his propert$ an% inco"e #efore such court or #efore a co""issioner appointe% #$ it at a specifie% ti"e an% place7 an% procee%in&s "a$ thereupon #e ha% for the application of the propert$ an% inco"e of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or to'ar%s the satisfaction of the 1u%&"ent, (ut no 1u%&"ent o#li&or shall #e so re@uire% to appear #efore a court or co""issioner outsi%e the province or cit$ in 'hich such o#li&or resi%es or is foun%, (4Aa)

SEC. 37. *4amination of obligor of "udgment obligor.* 8hen the return of a 'rit of e/ecution a&ainst the propert$ of a 1u%&"ent o#li&or sho's that the 1u%&"ent re"ains unsatisfie% in 'hole or in part an% upon proof to the satisfaction of the court 'hich issue% the 'rit that a person corporation or other 1u%icial entit$ has propert$ of such 1u%&"ent o#li&or or is in%e#te% to hi" the court "a$ #$ an or%er re@uire such person corporation or other 1uri%ical entit$ or an$ officer or "e"#er thereof to appear #efore the court or a co""issioner appointe% #$ it at a ti"e an% place 'ithin the province or cit$ 'here such %e#tor resi%es or is foun% an% #e e/a"ine% concernin& the sa"e, +he service of the or%er shall #in% all cre%its %ue the 1u%&"ent o#li&or an% all "one$ an% propert$ of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or in the possession or in the control of such person corporation or 1u%icial entit$ fro" the ti"e of service7 an% the court "a$ also re@uire% notice of such procee%in& to #e &iven to an$ part$ to the action in such "anner as it "a$ %ee" proper, (49a)

SEC. 38. *nforcement of attendance and conduct of e4amination. * A part$ or other person "a$ #e co"pelle% #$ an or%er or su#poena to a atten% #efore the court or co""issioner to testif$ as provi%e% in the t'o prece%in& sections an% upon failure to o#e$ such other or su#poena or to #e s'orn or to ans'er as a 'itness or to su#scri#e his %isposition "a$ #e punishe% for conte"pt as other cases, 6/a"inations shall not #e un%ul$ prolon&e% #ut the procee%in&s "a$ #e a%1ourne% fro" ti"e to ti"e until the$ are co"plete%, If the e/a"ination is #efore a co""issioner he "ust ta.e it in 'ritin& an% certif$ it to the court, All e/a"inations an% ans'ers #efore a court a co""issioner "ust #e un%er oath an% 'hen a corporation or other 1uri%ical entit$ ans'er it "ust #e on the oath of an authori2e% officer

or a&ent thereof, (30a)

SEC. 39. Obligor may pay e4ecution against obligee. * After a 'rit of e/ecution a&ainst propert$ has #een issue% a person in%e#te% to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or "a$ pa$ to the sheriff hol%in& the 'rit of e/ecution the a"ount of his %e#t or so "uch thereof as "a$ #e necessar$ to satisf$ the 1u%&"ent in the "anner prescri#e% in section 9 of this -ule an% the sheriffIs receipt shall #e a sufficient %ischar&e for the a"ount so pai% or %irecte% to #e cre%ite% #$ the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee on the e/ecution, (31a)

SEC. "0. Order for application of property and income to satisfaction of "udgment,* +he court "a$ or%er an$ propert$ of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or or "one$ %ue hi" not e/e"pt fro" e/ecution in the han%s of either hi"self or another person or of a corporation or other 1uri%ical entit$ to #e applie% to the satisfaction of the 1u%&"ent su#1ect to an$ prior ri&hts over such propert$,

If upon investi&ation of his current inco"e an% e/penses it appears that the earnin&s of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or for his personal services are "ore than necessar$ for the support of his fa"il$ the court "a$ or%er that he pa$ the 1u%&"ent in fi/e% "onthl$ install"ents an% upon his failure to pa$ an$ such install"ent 'hen %ue 'ithout &oo% e/cuse "a$ punish hi" for in%irect conte"pt, (30a)

SEC. "1. (ppointment of receiver.* +he court "a$ appoint a receiver of the propert$ of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or7 an% it "a$ also for#i% a transfer or other %isposition of or an$ interference 'ith the propert$ of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or not e/e"pt fro" e/ecution, (34a)

SEC. "!. Sale of ascertainable interest of "udgment obligor in real estate. * If it appears that the 1u%&"ent o#li&or has an interest fin real estate in the place in 'hich procee%in&s are ha% as "ort&a&or or "ort&a&ee or other'ise an% his interest therein can #e ascertaine% 'ithout controvers$ the receiver "a$ #e or%ere% to sell an% conve$ such real estate or the interest of the o#li&or therein7 an% such sale shall #e con%ucte% in all respects in the sa"e "anner as is provi%e% for the sale of real estate upon e/ecution an% the procee%in&s thereon shall #e approve% #$ the court #efore the e/ecution of the %ee%, (33a)

SEC. "3. $roceedings when indebtedness denied or another person claims the property.* If it appears that a person or corporation alle&e% to have propert$ of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or or to #e in%e#te% to hi" clai"s an in the propert$ a%verse to hi" or %enies the %e#t the court "a$ authori2e #$ an or%er "a%e to that effect the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee to institute an action a&ainst such or corporation for the recover$ of such interest or %e#t for#i% a transfer or other %isposition of such interest or %e#t 'ith one hun%re% t'ent$ (100) %a$s fro" notice of the or%er a "a$ punish %iso#e%ience of such or%er as for conte"pt, !uch or%er "a$ #e "o%ifie% or vacate% at an$ ti"e #$ the court 'hich issue% it or #$ the

court in 'hich the action is #rou&ht upon such ter"s as "a$ #e 1ust, (35a)

SEC. "". *ntry of satisfaction of "udgment by cler) of court. * !atisfaction of a 1u%&"ent shall #e entere% #$ the cler. of court in the court %oc.et an% in the e/ecution #oo. upon the return of a 'rit of e/ecution sho'in& the full satisfaction of the 1u%&"ent or upon the filin& of an a%"ission to the satisfaction of the 1u%&"ent e/ecute% an% ac.no'le%&e% in the sa"e "anner as a conve$ance of real propert$ #$ the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee or #$ his counsel unless a revocation of his authorit$ is file% or upon the en%orse"ent of such a%"ission #$ the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee or his counsel on the face of the recor% of the 1u%&"ent, (35a)

SEC. "#. *ntry of satisfaction with or without admission. * 8henever a 1u%&"ent is satisfie% in fact or other'ise than upon an e/ecution on %e"an% of the 1u%&"ent o#li&or the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee or his counsel "ust e/ecute an% ac.no'le%&e or in%orse an a%"ission of the satisfaction as provi%e% in the last prece%in& section an% after notice an% upon "otion the court "a$ or%er either the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee or his counsel to %o so or "a$ or%er the entr$ of satisfaction to #e "a%e 'ithout such a%"ission, (37a)

SEC. "$. #hen principal bound by "udgment against surety. * 8hen a 1u%&"ent is ren%ere% a&ainst a part$ 'ho stan%s as suret$ for another the latter is also #oun% fro" the tune that he has notice of the action or procee%in& an% an opportunit$ at the suret$Fs re@uest to 1oin in the %efense,

SEC. "7. *ffect of "udgments or final orders. * +he effect of a 1u%&"ent or final or%er ren%ere% #$ a court of the Philippines havin& 1uris%iction to pronounce the 1u%&"ent or final or%er "a$ #e as follo's)

(a) In case of a 1u%&"ent or final or%er a&ainst a specific thin& or " respect to the pro#ate of a 'ill or the a%"inistration of the estate of a %ecease% person or in respect to the personal political or le&al con%ition or status of a particular person or his relationship to another the 1u%&"ent or final or%er is conclusive upon the title to the thin& the 'ill or a%"inistration or the con%ition status or relationship of the person7 ho'ever the pro#ate of a 'ill or &rantin& of letters of a%"inistration shall onl$ #e pri"a facie evi%ence of the %eath of the testator or intestate7

(#) In other cases the 1u%&"ent or final or%er is 'ith respect to the "atter %irectl$ a%1u%&e% or as to an$ other "atter that coul% have #een raise% in relation thereto conclusive #et'een the parties an% their successors in interest #$ title su#se@uent to the co""ence"ent of the action or special procee%in& liti&atin& for the sa"e thin& an% un%er the sa"e title an% in the sa"e capacit$7 an%

(c) In an$ other liti&ation #et'een the sa"e parties or their successors in interest that onl$ is %ee"e% to have #een a%1u%&e% in a for"er 1u%&"ent or final or%er 'hich appears upon its face to have #een so a%1u%&e% or 'hich 'as actuall$ an% necessaril$ inclu%e% therein or necessar$ thereto, (39a)

SEC. "8. *ffect of foreign "udgments or final orders. * +he effect of a 1u%&"ent or final or%er of a tri#unal of a forei&n countr$ havin& 1uris%iction to ren%er the 1u%&"ent or final or%er is as follo's)

(a) In case of a 1u%&"ent or final or%er upon a specific thin& the 1u%&"ent or final or%er is conclusive upon the title to the thin&7 an%

(#) In case of a 1u%&"ent or final or%er a&ainst a person the 1u%&"ent or final or%er is presu"ptive evi%ence of a ri&ht as #et'een the parties an% their successors in interest #$ a su#se@uent title,

In either case the 1u%&"ent or final or%er "a$ #e repelle% #$ evi%ence of a 'ant of 1uris%iction 'ant of notice to the part$ collusion frau% or clear "ista.e of la' or fact, (50a)

APPEALS

RULE "0

APPEAL FROM MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS TO THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS

SECTION 1. #here to appeal.* An appeal fro" a 1u%&"ent or final or%er of a 9unicipal +rial Court "a$ #e ta.en to the -e&ional +rial Court e/ercisin& 1uris%iction over the area to 'hich the for"er pertains, +he title of the case shall re"ain as it 'as in the court of ori&in #ut the part$ appealin& the case shall #e further referre% to as the appellant an% the a%verse part$ as the appellee, (n)

SEC. !. #hen to appeal.* An appeal "a$ #e ta.en 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s after notice to the

appellant of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er appeale% fro", 8here a recor% on appeal is re@uire% the appellant shall file a notice of appeal an% a recor% on appeal 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s after notice of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er,

+he perio% of appeal shall #e interrupte% #$ a ti"el$ "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration, Bo "otion for e/tension of ti"e to file a "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration shall #e allo'e%, (n)

SEC. 3. 2ow to appeal.* +he appeal is ta.en #$ filin& a notice of appeal 'ith the court that ren%ere% the 1u%&"ent or final or%er appeale% fro", +he notice of appeal shall in%icate the parties to the appeal the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or part thereof appeale% fro" an% state the "aterial %ates sho'in& the ti"eliness of the appeal,

A recor% on appeal shall #e re@uire% onl$ in special procee%in&s an% in other cases of "ultiple or separate appeals,

+he for" an% contents of the recor% on appeal shall #e as provi%e% in section 5 -ule 31,

Copies of the notice of appeal an% the recor% on appeal 'here re@uire% shall #e serve% on the a%verse part$, (n)

SEC. ". $erfection of appeal; effect thereof. * +he perfection of the appeal an% the effect thereof shall #e &overne% #$ the provisions of section 9 -ule 31, (n)

SEC. #. (ppellate court doc)et and other lawful fees.* 8ithin the perio% for ta.in& an appeal the appellant shall pa$ to the cler. of the court 'hich ren%ere% the 1u%&"ent or final or%er appeale% fro" the full a"ount of the appellate court %oc.et an% other la'ful fees, Proof of pa$"ent thereof shall #e trans"itte% to the appellate court to&ether 'ith the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal as the case "a$ #e, (n)

SEC. $. +uty of the cler) of court.* 8ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" the perfection of the appeal the cler. of court or the #ranch cler. of court of the lo'er court shall trans"it the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal to&ether 'ith the transcripts an% e/hi#its 'hich he shall certif$ as co"plete to the proper -e&ional +rial Court, A cop$ of his letter of trans"ittal of the recor%s to the appellate court shall

#e furnishe% the parties, (n)

SEC. 7. $rocedure in the Regional Trial Court. *

(a) >pon receipt of the co"plete recor% or the recor% on appeal the cler. of court of the -e&ional +rial Court shall notif$ the parties of such fact,

(#) 8ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" such notice it shall #e the %ut$ of the appellant to su#"it a "e"oran%u" 'hich shall #riefl$ %iscuss the errors i"pute% to the lo'er court a cop$ of 'hich shall #e furnishe% #$ hi" to the a%verse part$, 8ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" receipt of the appellantFs "e"oran%u" the appellee "a$ file his "e"oran%u",

Cailure of the appellant to file a "e"oran%u" shall #e a &roun% for %is"issal of the appeal,

(c) >pon the filin& of the "e"oran%u" of the appellee or the e/piration of the perio% to %o so the case shall #e consi%ere% su#"itte% for %ecision, +he -e&ional +rial Court shall %eci%e the case on the #asis of the entire recor% of the procee%in&s ha% in the court of ori&in an% such "e"oran%a as are file%, (n)

SEC. 8. (ppeal from orders dismissing case without trial; lac) of "urisdiction.* If an appeal is ta.en fro" an or%er of the lo'er court %is"issin& the case 'ithout a trial on the "erits the -e&ional +rial Court "a$ affir" or reverse it as the case "a$ #e, In case of affir"ance an% the &roun% of %is"issal is lac. of 1uris%iction over the su#1ect "atter the -e&ional +rial Court if it has 1uris%iction thereover shall tr$ the case on the "erits as if the case 'as ori&inall$ file% 'ith it, In case of reversal the case shall #e re"an%e% for further procee%in&s,

If the case 'as trie% on the "erits #$ the lo'er court 'ithout 1uris%iction over the su#1ect "atter the -e&ional +rial Court on appeal shall not %is"iss the case if it has ori&inal 1uris%iction thereof #ut shall %eci%e the case in accor%ance 'ith the prece%in& section 'ithout pre1u%ice to the a%"ission of a"en%e% plea%in&s an% a%%itional evi%ence in the interest of 1ustice, (n)

SEC. 9. (pplicability of Rule 9:. * +he other provisions of -ule 31 shall appl$ to appeals provi%e% for herein insofar as the$ are not inconsistent 'ith or "a$ serve to supple"ent the provisions of this -ule, (n)

RULE "1

APPEAL FROM THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS

SECTION 1. Sub"ect of appeal.* An appeal "a$ #e ta.en fro" a 1u%&"ent or final or%er that co"pletel$ %isposes of the case or of a particular "atter therein 'hen %eclare% #$ these -ules to #e appeala#le, Bo appeal "a$ #e ta.en fro")

(a) An or%er %en$in& a "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration7

(#) An or%er %en$in& a petition for relief or an$ si"ilar "otion see.in& relief fro" 1u%&"ent7

(c) An interlocutor$ or%er7

(%) An or%er %isallo'in& or %is"issin& an appeal7

(e) An or%er %en$in& a "otion to set asi%e a 1u%&"ent #$ consent confession or co"pro"ise on the &roun% of frau% "ista.e or %uress or an$ other &roun% vitiatin& consent7

(f) An or%er of e/ecution7

(&) A 1u%&"ent or final or%er for or a&ainst one or "ore of several parties or in separate clai"s counterclai"s cross-clai"s an% thir%-part$ co"plaints 'hile the "ain case is pen%in& unless the court allo's an appeal therefro"7 an%

(h) An or%er %is"issin& an action 'ithout pre1u%ice,

In all the a#ove instances 'here the 1u%&"ent or final or%er is not appeala#le the a&&rieve% part$ "a$ file an appropriate special civil action un%er -ule 55, (n)

SEC. !. !odes of appeal.*

(a) Ordinary appeal* +he appeal to the Court of Appeals in cases %eci%e% #$ the -e&ional +rial Court in the e/ercise of its ori&inal 1uris%iction shall #e ta.en #$ filin& a notice of appeal 'ith the court 'hich ren%ere% the 1u%&"ent or final or%er appeale% fro" an% servin& a cop$ thereof upon the a%verse part$, Bo recor% on appeal shall #e re@uire% e/cept in special procee%in&s an% other cases of "ultiple or separate appeals 'here the la' or these -ules so re@uire, In such cases the recor% on appeal shall #e file% an% serve% in ,li.e "anner,

(#) $etition for review.* +he appeal to the Court of Appeals in cases %eci%e% #$ the -e&ional +rial Court in the e/ercise of its appellate 1uris%iction shall #e #$ petition for revie' in accor%ance 'ith -ule 30,

(c) (ppeal by certiorari.*- In all cases 'here onl$ Juestions of la' are raise% or involve% the appeal shall #e to the !upre"e Court #$ petition for revie' on certiorari in accor%ance 'ith -ule 35, (n)

SEC. 3. $eriod of ordinary appeal.* +he appeal shall #e ta.en 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er appeale% fro", 8here a recor% on appeal is re@uire% the appellant shall file a notice of appeal an% a recor% on appeal 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s fro" notice of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er,

+he perio% of appeal shall #e interrupte% #$ a ti"el$ "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration, Bo "otion for e/tension of ti"e to file a "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration shall #e allo'e%, (n)

SEC. ". (ppellate court doc)et and other lawful fees.* 8ithin the perio% for ta.in& an appeal the

appellant shall pa$ to the cler. of the court 'hich ren%ere% the 1u%&"ent or final or%er appeale% fro" the full a"ount of the appellate court %oc.et an% other la'ful fees, Proof of pa$"ent of sai% fees shall #e trans"itte% to the appellate court to&ether 'ith the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal, (n)

SEC. #. %otice of appeal.* +he notice of appeal shall in%icate the parties to the appeal specif$ the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or part thereof appeale% fro" specif$ the court to 'hich the appeal is #ein& ta.en an% state the "aterial %ates sho'in& the ti"eliness of the appeal, (3a)

SEC. $. Record on appeal; form and contents thereof.* +he full na"es of all the parties to the procee%in&s shall #e state% in the caption of the recor% on appeal an% it shall inclu%e the 1u%&"ent or final or%er fro" 'hich the appeal is ta.en an% in chronolo&ical or%er copies of onl$ such plea%in&s petitions "otions an% all interlocutor$ or%ers as are relate% to the appeale% 1u%&"ent or final or%er for the proper un%erstan%in& of the issue involve% to&ether 'ith such %ata as 'ill sho' that the appeal 'as perfecte% on ti"e, If an issue of fact is to #e raise% on appeal the recor% on appeal shall inclu%e #$ reference all the evi%ence testi"onial an% %ocu"entar$ ta.en upon the issue involve%, +he reference shall specif$ the %ocu"entar$ evi%ence #$ the e/hi#it nu"#ers or letters #$ 'hich it 'as i%entifie% 'hen a%"itte% or offere% at the hearin& an% the testi"onial evi%ence #$ the na"es of the correspon%in& 'itnesses, If the 'hole testi"onial an% %ocu"entar$ evi%ence in the case is to #e inclu%e% a state"ent to that effect 'ill #e sufficient 'ithout "entionin& the na"es of the 'itnesses or the nu"#ers or letters of e/hi#its, 6ver$ recor% on appeal e/cee%in& t'ent$ (00) pa&es "ust contain a su#1ect in%e/, (5a)

SEC. 7. (pproval of record on appeal.* >pon the filin& of the recor% on appeal for approval an% if no o#1ection is file% #$ the appellee 'ithin five (5) %a$s fro" receipt of a cop$ thereof the trial court "a$ approve it as presente% or upon its o'n "otion or at the instance of the appellee "a$ %irect its a"en%"ent #$ the inclusion of an$ o"itte% "atters 'hich are %ee"e% essential to the %eter"ination of the issue of la' or fact involve% in the appeal, If the trial court or%ers the a"en%"ent of the recor% the appellant 'ithin the ti"e li"ite% in the or%er or such e/tension thereof as "a$ #e &rante% or if no ti"e is fi/e% #$ the or%er 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" receipt thereof shall re%raft the recor% #$ inclu%in& therein in their proper chronolo&ical se@uence such a%%itional "atters as the court "a$ have %irecte% hi" to incorporate an% shall thereupon su#"it the re%rafte% recor% for approval upon notice to the appellee in li.e "anner as the ori&inal %raft, (7a)

SEC. 8. oint record on appeal.* 8here #oth parties are appellants the$ "a$ file a 1oint recor% on appeal 'ithin the ti"e fi/e% #$ section 4 of this -ule or that fi/e% #$ the court, (Aa)

SEC. 9. $erfection of appeal; effect thereof. * A part$Fs appeal #$ notice of appeal is %ee"e% perfecte% as to hi" upon the filin& of the notice of appeal in %ue ti"e,

A part$Fs appeal #$ recor% on appeal is %ee"e% perfecte% as to hi" 'ith respect to the su#1ect "atter thereof upon the approval of the recor% on appeal file% in %ue ti"e,

In appeals #$ notice of appeal the court loses 1uris%iction over the case upon the perfection of the appeals file% in %ue ti"e an% the e/piration of the ti"e to appeal of the other parties,

In appeals #$ recor% on appeal the court loses 1uris%iction onl$ over the su#1ect "atter thereof upon the approval of the recor%s on appeal file% in %ue ti"e an% the e/piration of the ti"e to appeal of the other parties,

In either case prior to the trans"ittal of the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal the court "a$ issue or%ers for the protection an% preservation of the ri&hts of the parties 'hich %o not involve an$ "atter liti&ate% #$ the appeal approve co"pro"ises per"it appeals of in%i&ent liti&ants or%er e/ecution pen%in& appeal in accor%ance 'ith section 0 of -ule 49 an% allo' 'ith%ra'al of the appeal, (9a)

SEC. 10. +uty of cler) of court of the lower court upon perfection of appeal.* 8ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s after perfection of all the appeals in accor%ance 'ith the prece%in& section it shall #e the %ut$ of the cler. of court of the lo'er court)

(a) +o verif$ the correctness of the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal as the case "a$ #e an% to "a.e a certification of its correctness7

(#) +o verif$ the co"pleteness of the recor%s that 'ill #e trans"itte% to the appellate court7

(c) If foun% to #e inco"plete to ta.e such "easures as "a$ #e re@uire% to co"plete the recor%s availin& of the authorit$ that he or the court "a$ e/ercise for this purpose7 an%

(%) +o trans"it the recor%s to the appellate court,

If the efforts to co"plete the recor%s fail he shall in%icate in his letter of trans"ittal the e/hi#its or transcripts not inclu%e% in the recor%s #ein& trans"itte% to the appellate court the reasons for their nontrans"ittal an% the steps ta.en or that coul% #e ta.en to have the" availa#le,

+he cler. of court shall furnish the parties 'ith copies of his letter of trans"ittal of the recor%s to the appellate court, (10a)

SEC. 11. Transcript.* >pon the perfection of the appeal the cler. shall i""e%iatel$ %irect the steno&raphers concerne% to attach to the recor% of the case five (5) copies of the transcripts of the testi"onial evi%ence referre% to in the recor% on appeal, +he steno&raphers concerne% shall transcri#e such testi"onial evi%ence an% shall prepare an% affi/ to their transcripts an in%e/ containin& the na"es of the 'itnesses an% the pa&es 'herein their testi"onies are foun% an% a list of the e/hi#its an% the pa&es 'herein each of the" appears to have #een offere% an% a%"itte% or re1ecte% #$ the trial court, +he transcripts shall #e trans"itte% to the cler. of the trial court 'ho shall thereupon arran&e the sa"e in the or%er in 'hich the 'itnesses testifie% at the trial an% shall cause the pa&es to #e nu"#ere% consecutivel$, (10a)

SEC. 1!. Transmittal.* +he cler. of the trial court shall trans"it to the appellate court the ori&inal recor% or the approve% recor% on appeal 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s fro" the perfection of the appeal to&ether 'ith the proof of pa$"ent of the appellate court %oc.et an% other la'ful fees a certifie% true cop$ of the "inutes of the procee%in&s the or%er of approval the certificate of correctness the ori&inal %ocu"entar$ evi%ence referre% to therein an% the ori&inal an% three (4) copies of the transcripts, Copies of the transcripts an% certifie% true copies of the %ocu"entar$ evi%ence shall re"ain in the lo'er court for the e/a"ination of the parties, (11a)

SEC. 13. +ismissal of appeal.* Prior to the trans"ittal of the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal to the appellate court the trial court "a$ "otu proprio or on "otion %is"iss the appeal for havin& #een ta.en out of ti"e, (13a)

RULE "!

PETITION FOR REVIE& FROM THE

REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS TO THE COURT OF APPEALS

SECTION 1. 2ow appeal ta)en; time for filing. * A part$ %esirin& to appeal fro" a %ecision of the -e&ional +rial Court ren%ere% in the e/ercise of its appellate 1uris%iction "a$ file a verifie% petition for revie' 'ith the Court of Appeals pa$in& at the sa"e ti"e to the cler. of sai% court the correspon%in& %oc.et an% other la'ful fees %epositin& the a"ount of P500,00 for costs an% furnishin& the -e&ional +rial Court an% the a%verse part$ 'ith a cop$ of the petition, +he petition shall #e file% an% serve% 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice of the %ecision sou&ht to #e revie'e% or of the %enial of petitionerFs "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration file% in %ue ti"e after 1u%&"ent, >pon proper "otion an% the pa$"ent of the full a"ount of the %oc.et an% other la'ful fees an% the %eposit for costs #efore the e/piration of the re&le"entar$ perio% the Court of Appeals "a$ &rant an a%%itional perio% of fifteen (15) %a$s onl$ 'ithin 'hich to file the petition for revie', Bo further e/tension shall #e &rante% e/cept for the "ost co"pellin& reason an% in no case to e/cee% fifteen (15) %a$s, (n)

SEC. !. 3orm and contents.* +he petition shall #e file% in seven (7) le&i#le copies 'ith the ori&inal cop$ inten%e% for the court #ein& in%icate% as such #$ the petitioner an% shall (a) state the full na"es of the parties to the case 'ithout i"plea%in& the lo'er courts or 1u%&es thereof either as petitioners or respon%ents7 (#) in%icate the specific "aterial %ates sho'in& that it 'as file% on ti"e7 (c) set forth concisel$ a state"ent of the "atters involve% the issues raise% the specification of errors of fact or la' or #oth alle&e%l$ co""itte% #$ the -e&ional +rial Court an% the reasons or ar&u"ents relie% upon for the allo'ance of the appeal7 (%) #e acco"panie% #$ clearl$ le&i#le %uplicate ori&inals or true copies of the 1u%&"ents or final or%ers of #oth lo'er courts certifie% correct #$ the cler. of court of the -e&ional +rial Court the re@uisite nu"#er of plain copies thereof an% of the plea%in&s an% other "aterial portions of the recor% as 'oul% support the alle&ations of the petition,

+he petitioner shall also su#"it to&ether 'ith the petition a certification un%er oath that he has not theretofore co""ence% an$ other action involvin& the sa"e issues in the !upre"e Court the Court of Appeals or %ifferent %ivisions thereof or an$ other tri#unal or a&enc$7 if there is such other action or procee%in& he "ust state the status of the sa"e7 an% if he shoul% thereafter learn that a si"ilar action or procee%in& has #een file% or is pen%in& #efore the !upre"e Court the Court of Appeals or %ifferent %ivisions thereof or an$ other tri#unal or a&enc$ he un%erta.es to pro"ptl$ infor" the aforesai% courts an% other tri#unal or a&enc$ thereof 'ithin five (5) %a$s therefro", (n)

SEC. 3. *ffect of failure to comply with re6uirements.* +he failure of the petitioner to co"pl$ 'ith an$ of the fore&oin& re@uire"ents re&ar%in& the pa$"ent of the %oc.et an% other la'ful fees the %eposit for costs proof of service of the petition an% the contents of an% the %ocu"ents 'hich shoul% acco"pan$ the petition shall #e sufficient &roun% for the %is"issal thereof, (n)

SEC. ". (ction on the petition.* +he Court of Appeals "a$ re@uire the respon%ent to file a co""ent on the petition not a "otion to %is"iss 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" notice or %is"iss the petition if it

fin%s the sa"e to #e patentl$ 'ithout "erit prosecute% "anifestl$ for %ela$ or that the @uestions raise% therein are too unsu#stantial to re@uire consi%eration, (n)

SEC. #. Contents of comment.* +he co""ent of the respon%ent shall #e file% in seven (7) le&i#le copies acco"panie% #$ certifie% true copies of such "aterial portions of the recor% referre% to therein to&ether 'ith other supportin& papers an% shall (a) state 'hether or not he accepts the state"ent of "atters involve% in the petition7 (#) point out such insufficiencies or inaccuracies as he #elieves e/ist in petitionerFs state"ent of "atters involve% #ut 'ithout repetition7 an% (c) state the reasons 'h$ the petition shoul% not #e &iven %ue course, A cop$ thereof shall #e serve% on the petitioner, (n)

SEC. $. +ue course.* If upon the filin& of the co""ent or such other plea%in&s as the court "a$ allo' or re@uire or after the e/piration of the perio% for the filin& thereof 'ithout such co""ent or plea%in& havin& #een su#"itte% the Court of Appeals fin%s pri"a facie that the lo'er court has co""itte% an error of fact or la' that 'ill 'arrant a reversal or "o%ification of the appeale% %ecision it "a$ accor%in&l$ &ive %ue course to the petition, (n)

SEC. 7. *levation of record.* 8henever the Court of Appeals %ee"s it necessar$ it "a$ or%er the cler. of court of the -e&ional +rial Court to elevate the ori&inal recor% of the case inclu%in& the oral an% %ocu"entar$ evi%ence 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice, (n)

SEC. 8. P1(*123+)- )* 45514,6 1**123 371(1)*. * (a) >pon the ti"el$ filin& of a petition for revie' an% the pa$"ent of the correspon%in& %oc.et an% other la'ful fees the appeal is %ee"e% perfecte% as to the petitioner,

+he -e&ional +rial Court loses 1uris%iction over the case upon the perfection of the appeals file% in %ue ti"e an% the e/piration of the ti"e to appeal of the other parties,

?o'ever #efore the Court of Appeals &ives %ue course to the petition the -e&ional +rial Court "a$ issue or%ers for the protection an% preservation of the ri&hts of the parties 'hich %o not involve an$ "atter liti&ate% #$ the appeal approve co"pro"ises per"it appeals of in%i&ent liti&ants or%er e/ecution pen%in& appeal in accor%ance 'ith section 0 of -ule 49 an% allo' 'ith%ra'al of the appeal, (9a -31) (#) 6/cept in civil cases %eci%e% un%er the -ule on !u""ar$ Proce%ure the appeal shall sta$ the 1u%&"ent or final or%er unless the Court of Appeals the la' or these -ules shall provi%e other'ise, (n)

SEC. 9. Submission for decision.* If the petition is &iven %ue course the Court of Appeals "a$ set the case for oral ar&u"ent or re@uire the parties to su#"it "e"oran%a 'ithin a perio% of fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice, +he case shall #e %ee"e% su#"itte% for %ecision upon the filin& of the last plea%in& or "e"oran%u" re@uire% #$ these -ules or #$ the court itself, (n)

RULE "3

APPEALS FROM THE COURT OF TA0 APPEALS

AND 8UASI/'UDICIAL AGENCIES

TO THE COURT OF APPEALS

SECTION 1. Scope.* +his -ule shall appl$ to appeals fro" 1u%&"ents or final or%ers of the Court of +a/ Appeals an% fro" a'ar%s 1u%&"ents final or%ers or resolutions of or authori2e% #$ an$ @uasi1u%icial a&enc$ in the e/ercise of its @uasi-1u%icial functions, A"on& these a&encies are the Civil !ervice Co""ission Central (oar% of Assess"ent Appeals !ecurities an% 6/chan&e Co""ission :ffice of the Presi%ent Han% -e&istration Authorit$ !ocial !ecurit$ Co""ission Civil Aeronautics (oar% (ureau of Patents +ra%e"ar.s an% +echnolo&$ +ransfer Bational 6lectrification A%"inistration 6ner&$ -e&ulator$ (oar% Bational +eleco""unications Co""ission Eepart"ent of A&rarian -efor" un%er -epu#lic Act Bo 5557 Dovern"ent !ervice Insurance !$ste" 6"plo$ees Co"pensation Co""ission A&ricultural Inventions (oar% Insurance Co""ission Philippine Ato"ic 6ner&$ Co""ission (oar% of Invest"ents Construction In%ustr$ Ar#itration Co""ission an% voluntar$ ar#itrators authori2e% #$ la', (n)

SEC. !. Cases not covered.* +his -ule shall not appl$ to 1u%&"ents or final or%ers issue% un%er the Ha#or Co%e of Philippines, (n)

SEC. 3. #here to appeal. * An appeal un%er this -ule ta.en to the Court of Appeals 'ithin the perio% an% in the "anner herein provi%e% 'hether the appeal involves @uestions of fact of la' or "i/e% @uestions of fact an% la', (n)

SEC ". $eriod of appeal.* +he appeal shall #e ta.en 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice of the a'ar% 1u%&"ent final or%er or resolution or fro" the %ate of its last pu#lication if pu#lication is re@uire% #$ la' for its effectivit$ or of the %enial of petitionerFs "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration %ul$ file% in accor%ance 'ith the &overnin& la' of the court or a&enc$ a @uo, :nl$ one (1) "otion for reconsi%eration shall #e allo'e%, >pon proper "otion an% the pa$"ent of the full a"ount of the %oc.et fee #efore the e/piration of the re&le"entar$ perio% the Court of Appeals "a$ &rant an a%%itional perio% of fifteen (15) %a$s onl$ 'ithin 'hich to file the petition for revie', Bo further e/tension shall #e &rante% e/cept for the "ost co"pellin& reason an% in no case to e/cee% fifteen (15) %a$s, (n)

SEC. #. 2ow appeal ta)en.* Appeal shall #e ta.en #$ filin& a verifie% petition for revie' in seven (7) le&i#le copies 'ith the Court of Appeals 'ith proof of service of a cop$ thereof on the a%verse part$ an% on the court or a&enc$ a @uo, +he ori&inal cop$ of the petition inten%e% for the Court of Appeals shall #e in%icate% as such #$ the petitioner,

>pon the filin& of the petition the petitioner shall pa$ to the cler. of court of the Court of Appeals the %oc.etin& an% other la'ful fees an% %eposit the su" of P500,00 for costs, 6/e"ption fro" pa$"ent of %oc.etin& an% other la'ful fees an% the %eposit for costs "a$ #e &rante% #$ the Court of Appeals upon a verifie% "otion settin& forth vali% &roun%s therefor, If the Court of Appeals %enies the "otion the petitioner shall pa$ the %oc.etin& an% other la'ful fees an% %eposit for costs 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice of the %enial, (n)

SEC. $. Contents of the petition.* +he petition for revie' shall (a) state the full na"es of the parties to the case 'ithout i"plea%in& the court or a&encies either as petitioners or respon%ents7 (#) contain a concise state"ent of the facts an% issues involve% an% the &roun%s relie% upon for the revie'7 (c) #e acco"panie% #$ a clearl$ le&i#le %uplicate ori&inal or a certifie% true cop$ of the a'ar% 1u%&"ent final or%er or resolution appeale% fro" to&ether 'ith certifie% true copies of such "aterial portions of the recor% referre% to therein an% other supportin& papers7 an% (%) contain a s'orn certification a&ainst foru" shoppin& as provi%e% in the last para&raph of section 0 -ule 30, +he petition shall state the specific "aterial %ates sho'in& that it 'as file% 'ithin the perio% fi/e% herein, (0a)

SEC. 7. 6ffect of failure to co"pl$ 'ith re@uire"ents,* +he failure of the petitioner to co"pl$ 'ith an$ of the fore&oin& re@uire"ents re&ar%in& the pa$"ent of the %oc.et an% other la'ful fees the %eposit for costs proof of service of the petition an% the contents of an% the %ocu"ents 'hich shoul% acco"pan$ the petition shall #e sufficient &roun% for the %is"issal thereof, (n)

SEC. 8. (ction on the petition.* +he Court of Appeals "a$ re@uire the respon%ent to file a co""ent on the petition not a "otion to %is"iss 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" notice or %is"iss the petition if it fin%s the sa"e to #e patentl$ 'ithout "erit prosecute% "anifestl$ for %ela$ or that the @uestions raise% therein are too unsu#stantial to re@uire consi%eration, (5a)

SEC. 9. Contents of comment.* +he co""ent shall #e file% 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" notice in seven (7) le&i#le copies an% acco"panie% #$ clearl$ le&i#le certifie% true copies of such "aterial portions of the recor% referre% to therein to&ether 'ith other supportin& papers, +he co""ent shall (a) point out insufficiencies or inaccuracies in -petitionerFs state"ent of facts an% issues7 an% (#) state the reasons 'h$ the petition shoul% #e %enie% or %is"isse%, A cop$ thereof shall #e serve% on the petitioner an% proof of such service shall #e file% 'ith the Court of Appeals, (9a)

SEC. 10. +ue course.* If upon the filin& of the co""ent or such other plea%in&s or %ocu"ents as "a$ #e re@uire% or allo'e% #$ the Court of Appeals or upon the e/piration of the perio% for the filin& thereof an% on the #asis of the petition or the recor%s the Court of Appeals fin%s pri"a facie that the court or a&enc$ concerne% has co""itte% errors of fact or la' that 'oul% 'arrant reversal or "o%ification of the a'ar% 1u%&"ent final or%er or resolution sou&ht to #e revie'e% it "a$ &ive %ue course to the petition7 other'ise it shall %is"iss the sa"e, +he fin%in&s of fact of the court or a&enc$ concerne% 'hen supporte% #$ su#stantial evi%ence shall #e #in%in& on the Court of Appeals, (n)

SEC. 11. Transmitted of record.* 8ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice that the petition has #een &iven %ue course the Court of Appeals "a$ re@uire the court or a&enc$ concerne% to trans"it the ori&inal or a le&i#le certifie% true cop$ of the entire recor% of the procee%in& un%er revie', +he recor% to #e trans"itte% "a$ #e a#ri%&e% #$ a&ree"ent of all parties to the procee%in&, +he Court of Appeals "a$ re@uire or per"it su#se@uent correction of or a%%ition to the recor%, (Aa)

SEC. 1!. *ffect of appeal.* +he appeal shall not sta$ the a'ar% 1u%&"ent final or%er or resolution sou&ht to #e revie'e% unless the Court of Appeals shall %irect other'ise upon such ter"s as it "a$ %ee" 1ust, (10a)

SEC. 13. Submission for decision.* If the petition is &iven %ue course the Court of Appeals "a$ set the case for oral ar&u"ent or re@uire the parties to su#"it "e"oran%a 'ithin a perio% of fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice, +he case shall #e %ee"e% su#"itte% for %ecision upon the filin& of the last plea%in& or "e"oran%u" re@uire% #$ these -ules or #$ the Court of Appeals, (n)

PROCEDURE IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

RULE ""

ORDINAR APPEALED CASES

SECTION 1. Title of cases.* In all cases appeale% to the Court of Appeals un%er -ule 31 the title of the case shall re"ain as it 'as in the court of ori&in #ut the part$ appealin& the case shall #e further referre% to as the appellant an% the a%verse part$ as the appellee, (1a -35)

SEC. !. Counsel and guardians.* +he counsel an% &uar%ians a% lite" of the parties in the court of ori&in shall #e respectivel$ consi%ere% as their counsel an% &uar%ians a% lite" in the Court of Appeals, 8hen others appear or are appointe% notice thereof shall #e serve% i""e%iatel$ on the a%verse part$ an% file% 'ith the court, (0a -35)

SEC. 3. Order of transmittal of record. * If the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal is not trans"itte% to the Court of Appeals 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s after the perfection of the appeal either part$ "a$ file a "otion 'ith the trial court 'ith notice to the other for the trans"ittal of such recor% or recor% on appeal, (4a -35)

SEC. ". +oc)eting of case.* >pon receivin& the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal an% the acco"pan$in& %ocu"ents an% e/hi#its trans"itte% #$ the lo'er court as 'ell as the proof of pa$"ent of the %oc.et an% other la'ful fees the cler. of court of the Court of Appeals shall %oc.et the case an% notif$ the parties thereof, (3a -35)

8ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" receipt of sai% notice the appellant in appeals #$ recor% on appeal shall file 'ith the cler. of court seven (7) clearl$ le&i#le copies of the approve% recor% on appeal to&ether 'ith the proof of service of t'o (0) copies thereof upon the appellee,

An$ unauthori2e% alteration o"ission or a%%ition in the approve% recor% on appeal shall #e a &roun% for %is"issal of the appeal, (n)

SEC. #. Completion of record. * 8here the recor% of the %oc.ete% case is inco"plete the cler. of court of the Court of Appeals shall so infor" sai% court an% reco""en% to it "easures necessar$ to co"plete the recor%, It shall #e the %ut$ of sai% court to ta.e appropriate action to'ar%s the co"pletion of the recor% 'ithin the shortest possi#le ti"e, (n)

SEC. $. +ispensing with complete record. * 8here the co"pletion of the recor% coul% not #e acco"plishe% 'ithin a sufficient perio% allotte% for sai% purpose %ue to insupera#le or e/tre"el$ %ifficult causes the court on its o'n "otion or on "otion of an$ of the parties "a$ %eclare that the recor% an% its acco"pan$in& transcripts an% e/hi#its so far availa#le are sufficient to %eci%e the issues raise% in the appeal an% shall issue an or%er e/plainin& the reasons for such %eclaration, (n)

SEC. 7. (ppellant;s briefs. * It shall #e the %ut$ of the appellant to file 'ith the court 'ithin fort$five (35) %a$s fro" receipt of the notice of the cler. that ail the evi%ence oral an% %ocu"entar$ are attache% to the recor% seven (7) copies of his le&i#l$ t$pe'ritten "i"eo&raphe% or printe% #rief 'ith proof of service of t'o (0) copies thereof upon the appellee, (10a -35)

SEC. 8. (ppellee;s brief. * 8ithin fort$-five (35) %a$s fro" receipt of the appellantFs #rief the appellee shall file 'ith the court seven (7) copies of his le&i#l$ t$pe'ritten "i"eo&raphe% or printe% #rief 'ith proof of service of t'o (0) copies thereof upon the appellant, (11a -35)

SEC. 9. (ppellant;s reply brief.* 8ithin t'ent$ (00) %a$s fro" receipt of the appelleeFs #rief the appellant "a$ file a repl$ #rief ans'erin& points in the appelleeFs #rief not covere% in his "ain #rief, (10 -35)

SEC. 10. Time for filing memoranda in special cases. * In certiorari prohi#ition "an%a"us @uo 'arranto an% ha#eas corpus cases the parties shall file in lieu of #riefs their respective "e"oran%a 'ithin a non-e/ten%i#le perio% of thirt$ (40) %a$s fro" receipt of the notice issue% #$ the cler. that all the evi%ence oral an% %ocu"entar$ is alrea%$ attache% to the recor%, (14a -35)

+he failure of the appellant to file his "e"oran%u" 'ithin the perio% therefor "a$ #e a &roun% for %is"issal of the appeal, (n)

SEC. 11. Several appellants or appellees or several counsel for each party. * 8here there are several appellants or appellees each counsel representin& one or "ore #ut not all of the" shall #e serve% 'ith onl$ one cop$ of the #riefs, 8hen several counsel represent one appellant or appellee copies of the #rief "a$ #e serve% upon an$ of the", (13a -35)

SEC. 1!. *4tension of time for filing briefs.* 6/tension of ti"e for the filin& of #riefs 'ill not #e allo'e% e/cept for &oo% an% sufficient cause an% onl$ if the "otion for e/tension is file% #efore the e/piration of the ti"e sou&ht to #e e/ten%e%, (15 -35)

SEC. 13. Contents of appellant;s brief. * +he appellantFs #rief shall contain in the or%er herein in%icate% the follo'in&)

(a) A su#1ect in%e/ of the "atter in the #rief 'ith a %i&est of the ar&u"ents an% pa&e references an% a ta#le of cases alpha#eticall$ arran&e% te/t#oo.s an% statutes cite% 'ith references to the pa&es 'here the$ are cite%7

(#) An assi&n"ent of errors inten%e% to #e ur&e% 'hich errors shall #e separatel$ %istinctl$ an% concisel$ state% 'ithout repetition an% nu"#ere% consecutivel$7

(c) >n%er the hea%in& =!tate"ent of the Case = a clear an% concise state"ent of the nature of the action a su""ar$ of the procee%in&s the appeale% rulin&s an% or%ers of the court the nature of the 1u%&"ent an% an$ other "atters necessar$ to an un%erstan%in& of the nature of the controvers$ 'ith pa&e references to the recor%7

(%) >n%er the hea%in& =!tate"ent of Cacts = a clear an% concise state"ent in a narrative for" of the facts a%"itte% #$ #oth parties an% of those in controvers$ to&ether 'ith the su#stance of the proof relatin& thereto in sufficient %etail to "a.e it clearl$ intelli&i#le 'ith pa&e references to the recor%7

(e) A clear an% concise state"ent of the issues of fact la' to #e su#"itte% to the court for its 1u%&"ent7

(f) >n%er the hea%in& =Ar&u"ent = the appellant ar&u"ents on each assi&n"ent of error 'ith pa&e reference to the recor%, +he authorities relie% upon shall #e cite% # the pa&e of the report at 'hich the case #e&ins an% the pa&e of the report on 'hich the citation is foun%7

(&) >n%er the hea%in& =-elief = a specification of the or%er or 1u%&"ent 'hich the appellant see.s7 an%

(h) In cases not #rou&ht up #$ recor% on appeal the appellantFs #rief shall contain as an appen%i/ a cop$ of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er appeale% fro", (15a -35)

SEC. 1". Contents of appellee;s brief.* +he appelleeFs #rief shall contain in the or%er herein in%icate% the follo'in&)

(a) A su#1ect in%e/ of the "atter in the #rief 'ith a %i&est of the ar&u"ents an% pa&e references an% a ta#le of cases alpha#eticall$ arran&e% te/t#oo.s an% statutes cite% 'ith references to the pa&es 'here the$ are cite%7

(#) >n%er the hea%in& =!tate"ent of Cacts = the appellee shall state that he accepts the state"ent of facts in the appellantFs #rief or un%er the hea%in& =Counter-!tate"ent of Cacts = he shall point out such insufficiencies or inaccuracies as he #elieves e/ist in the appellantFs state"ent of facts 'ith references to the pa&es of the recor% in support thereof #ut 'ithout repetition of "atters in the appellantFs state"ent of facts7 an%

(c) >n%er the hea%in& =Ar&u"ent = the appellee shall set forth his ar&u"ents in the case on each assi&n"ent of error 'ith pa&e references to the recor%, +he authorities relie% on shall #e cite% #$ the pa&e of the report at 'hich the case #e&ins an% the pa&e of the report on 'hich the citation is foun%, (17a -35)

SEC. 1#. 8uestions that may be raised on appeal. * 8hether or not the appellant has file% a "otion for ne' trial court #elo' he "a$ inclu%e in his assi&n"ent of an$ @uestion of la' or fact that has #een raise% in the #elo' an% 'hich is 'ithin the issues fra"e% #$ the parties, (1A (35)

RULE "#

APPEAL B CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT

SECTION 1. 3iling of petition with Supreme Court. * A part$ %esirin& to appeal #$ certiorari fro" a 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution of the Court of Appeals the !an%i&an#a$an the -e&ional +rial Court or other courts 'henever authori2e% #$ la' "a$ file 'ith the !upre"e Court a verifie% petition

for revie' on certiorari, +he petition shall raise onl$ @uestions of la' 'hich "ust #e %istinctl$ set forth, (1a 0a)

SEC. !. Time for filing; e4tension. * +he petition shall #e file% 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution appeale% fro" or of the %enial of the petitionerFs "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration file% in %ue ti"e after notice of the 1u%&"ent, :n "otion %ul$ file% an% serve% 'ith full pa$"ent of the %oc.et an% other la'ful fees an% the %eposit for costs #efore the e/piration of the re&le"entar$ perio% the !upre"e Court "a$ for 1ustifia#le reasons &rant an e/tension of thirt$ (40) %a$s onl$ 'ithin 'hich to file the petition, (1a 5a)

SEC. 3. +oc)et and other lawful fees; proof of service of petition. * >nless he has theretofore %one so the petitioner shall pa$ the correspon%in& %oc.et an% other la'ful fees to the cler. of court of the !upre"e Court an% %eposit the a"ount of P500,00 for costs at the ti"e of the filin& of the petition, Proof of service of a cop$ thereof on the lo'er court concerne% an% on the a%verse part$ shall #e su#"itte% to&ether 'ith the petition, (1a)

SEC. ". Contents of petition.* +he petition shall #e file% in ei&hteen (1A) copies 'ith the ori&inal cop$ inten%e% for the court #ein& in%icate% as such #$ the petitioner an% shall (a) state the full na"e of the appealin& part$ as the petitioner an% the a%verse part$ as respon%ent 'ithout i"plea%in& the lo'er courts or 1u%&es thereof either as petitioners or respon%ents7 (#) in%icate the "aterial %ates sho'in& 'hen notice of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution su#1ect thereof 'as receive% 'hen a "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration if an$ 'as file% an% 'hen notice of the %enial thereof 'as receive%7 (c) set forth concisel$ a state"ent of the "atters involve% an% the reasons or ar&u"ents relie% on for the allo'ance of the petition7 (%) #e acco"panie% #$ a clearl$ le&i#le %uplicate ori&inal or a certifie% true cop$ of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution certifie% #$ the cler. of court of the court a @uo an% the re@uisite nu"#er of plain copies thereof an% such "aterial portions of the recor% as 'oul% support the petition7 an% (e) contain a s'orn certification a&ainst foru" shoppin& as provi%e% in the last para&raph of section 0 -ule 30, (0a)

SEC. #. +ismissal or denial of petition.* +he failure of the petitioner to co"pl$ 'ith an$ of the fore&oin& re@uire"ents re&ar%in& the pa$"ent of the %oc.et an% other la'ful fees %eposit for costs proof of service of the petition an% the contents of an% the %ocu"ents 'hich shoul% acco"pan$ the petition shall #e sufficient &roun% for the %is"issal thereof,

+he !upre"e Court "a$ on its o'n initiative %en$ the petition on the &roun% that the appeal is 'ithout "erit or is prosecute% "anifestl$ for %ela$ or that the @uestions raise% therein are too unsu#stantial to re@uire consi%eration, (4a)

SEC. $. Review discretionary.* A revie' is not a "atter of ri&ht #ut of soun% 1u%icial %iscretion an% 'ill #e &rante% onl$ 'hen there are special an% i"portant reasons therefor, +he follo'in& 'hile neither controllin& nor full$ "easurin& the courtFs %iscretion in%icate the character of the reasons 'hich 'ill #e consi%ere%)

(a) 8hen the court a @uo has %eci%e% a @uestion of su#stance not theretofore %eter"ine% #$ the !upre"e Court or has %eci%e% it in a 'a$ pro#a#l$ not in accor% 'ith la' or 'ith the applica#le %ecisions of the !upre"e Court7 or

(#) 8hen the court a @uo has so far %eparte% fro" the accepte% an% usual course of 1u%icial procee%in&s or so far sanctione% such %eparture #$ a lo'er court as to call for an e/ercise of the po'er of supervision, (3a)

SEC. 7. $leadings and documents that may be re6uired; sanctions.* Cor purposes of %eter"inin& 'hether the petition shoul% #e %is"isse% or %enie% pursuant to section 5 of this -ule or 'here the petition is &iven %ue course un%er section A hereof the !upre"e Court "a$ re@uire or allo' the filin& of such plea%in&s #riefs "e"oran%a or %ocu"ents as it "a$ %ee" necessar$ 'ithin such perio%s an% un%er such con%itions as it "a$ consi%er appropriate an% i"pose the correspon%in& sanctions in case of non-filin& or unauthori2e% filin& of such plea%in&s an% %ocu"ents or non-co"pliance 'ith the con%itions therefore, (n)

SEC. 8. +ue course; elevation of records. * If the petition is &iven %ue course the !upre"e Court "a$ re@uire the elevation of the co"plete recor% of the case or specifie% parts thereof 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice, (0a)

SEC. 9. Rule applicable to both civil and criminal cases.* +he "o%e of appeal prescri#e% in this -ule shall #e applica#le to #oth civil an% cri"inal cases e/cept in cri"inal cases 'here the penalt$ i"pose% is %eath reclusion perpetua or life i"prison"ent, (n)

RULE "$

ORIGINAL CASES

SECTION 1. Title of cases.* In all cases ori&inall$ file% in the Court of Appeals the part$ institutin& the action shall #e calle% the petitioner an% the opposin& part$ the respon%ent, (1a)

SEC. !. To what actions applicable.* +his -ule shall appl$ to ori&inal actions for certiorari prohi#ition "an%a"us an% @uo 'arranto,

6/cept as other'ise provi%e% the actions for annul"ent of 1u%&"ent shall #e &overne% #$ -ule 37 for certiorari prohi#ition an% "an%a"us #$ -ule 55 an% for @uo 'arranto #$ -ule 55, (n)

SEC. 3. Contents and filing of petition; effect of non&compliance with re6uirements.* +he petition shall contain the full na"es an% actual a%%resses of all the petitioners an% respon%ents a concise state"ent of the "atters involve% the factual #ac.&roun% of the case an% the &roun%s relie% upon for the relief pra$e% for,

It shall #e file% in seven (7) clearl$ le&i#le copies to&ether 'ith proof of service thereof on the respon%ent 'ith the ori&inal cop$ inten%e% for the court in%icate% as such #$ the petitioner an% shall #e acco"panie% #$ a clearl$ le&i#le %uplicate ori&inal or certifie% true cop$ of the 1u%&"ent or%er resolution or rulin& su#1ect thereof such "aterial portions of the recor% as are referre% to therein an% other %ocu"ents relevant or pertinent thereto, +he certification shall #e acco"plishe% #$ the proper cler. of court or #$ his %ul$ authori2e% representative or #$ the proper officer of the court tri#unal a&enc$ or office involve% or #$ his %ul$ authori2e% representative, +he other re@uisite nu"#er of copies of the petition shall #e acco"panie% #$ clearl$ le&i#le plain copies of all %ocu"ents attache% to the ori&inal,

+he petitioner shall also su#"it to&ether 'ith the petition a s'orn certification that he has not theretofore co""ence% an$ other action involvin& the sa"e issues in the !upre"e Court the Court of Appeals or %ifferent %ivisions thereof or an$ other tri#unal or a&enc$7 if there is such other action or procee%in& he "ust state the status of the sa"e7 an% if he shoul% thereafter learn that a si"ilar action or procee%in& has #een file% or is pen%in& #efore the !upre"e Court the Court of Appeals or %ifferent %ivisions thereof or an$ other tri#unal or a&enc$ he un%erta.es to pro"ptl$ infor" the aforesai% courts an% other tri#unal or a&enc$ thereof 'ithin five (5) %a$s therefro",

+he petitioner shall pa$ the correspon%in& %oc.et an% other la'ful fees to the cler. of court an% %eposit the a"ount of P500,00 for costs at the ti"e of the filin& of the petition,

+he failure of the petitioner to co"pl$ 'ith an$ of the fore&oin& re@uire"ents shall #e sufficient &roun% for the %is"issal of the petition, (n)

SEC. ". urisdiction over person of respondent, how ac6uired.* +he court shall ac@uire 1uris%iction over the person of the respon%ent #$ the service on hi" of its or%er or resolution in%icatin& its initial action on the petition or #$ his voluntar$ su#"ission to such 1uris%iction, (n)

SEC. #. (ction by the court.* +he court "a$ %is"iss the petition outri&ht 'ith specific reasons for such %is"issal or re@uire the respon%ent to file a co""ent on the sa"e 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" notice, :nl$ plea%in&s re@uire% #$ the court shall #e allo'e%, All other plea%in&s an% papers "a$ #e file% onl$ 'ith leave of court, (n)

SEC. $. +etermination of factual issues.* 8henever necessar$ to resolve factual issues the court itself "a$ con%uct hearin&s thereon or %ele&ate the reception of the evi%ence on such issues to an$ of its "e"#ers or to an appropriate court a&enc$ or office, (n)

SEC. 7. *ffect of failure to file comment. * 8hen no co""ent is file% #$ an$ of the respon%ents the case "a$ #e %eci%e% on the #asis of the recor% 'ithout pre1u%ice to an$ %isciplinar$ action 'hich the court "a$ ta.e a&ainst the %iso#e%ient part$, (n)

RULE "7

ANNULMENT OF 'UDGMENTS OR FINAL ORDERS AND RESOLUTIONS

SECTION 1. Coverage.* +his -ule shall &overn the annul"ent #$ the Court of Appeals of 1u%&"ents or final or%ers an% resolutions in civil actions of -e&ional +rial Courts for 'hich the or%inar$ re"e%ies of ne' trial appeal petition for relief or other appropriate re"e%ies are no lon&er availa#le throu&h no fault of the petitioner, (n)

SEC. !. ,rounds for annulment.* +he annul"ent "a$ #e #ase% onl$ on the &roun%s of e/trinsic

frau% an% lac. of 1uris%iction,

6/trinsic frau% shall not #e a vali% &roun% if it 'as availe% of or coul% have #een availe% of in a "otion for ne' trial or petition for relief, (n)

SEC. 3. $eriod for filing action.* If #ase% on e/trinsic frau% the action "ust #e file% 'ithin four (3) $ears fro" its %iscover$7 an% if #ase% on lac. of 1uris%iction #efore it is #arre% #$ laches or estoppel, (n)

SEC. ". 3iling and contents of petition.* +he action shall #e co""ence% #$ filin& a verifie% petition alle&in& therein 'ith particularit$ the facts an% the la' relie% upon for annul"ent as 'ell as those supportin& the petitioner s &oo% an% su#stantial cause of action or %efense as the case "a$ #e,

+he petition shall #e file% in seven (7) clearl$ le&i#le copies to&ether 'ith sufficient copies correspon%in& to the nu"#er of respon%ents, A certifie% true cop$ of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution shall #e attache% to the ori&inal cop$ of the petition inten%e% for the court an% in%icate% as such #$ the petitioner,

+he petitioner shall also su#"it to&ether 'ith the petition affi%avits of 'itnesses or %ocu"ents supportin& the cause of action or %efense an% a s'orn certification that A has not theretofore co""ence% an$ other action involvin& the sa"e issues in the !upre"e Court the Court of Appeals or %ifferent %ivisions thereof or an$ other tri#unal or a&enc$7 if there is such other action or procee%in& he "ust state the status of the sa"e an% if he shoul% thereafter learn that a si"ilar action or procee%in& has #een file% or is pen%in& #efore the !upre"e Court the Court of Appeals or %ifferent %ivisions thereof or an$ other tri#unal or a&enc$ he un%erta.es to pro"ptl$ infor" the aforesai% courts an% other tri#unal or a&enc$ thereof 'ithin five (5) %a$s therefro", (n)

SEC. #. (ction by the court.* !houl% the court fin% no su#stantial "erit in the petition the sa"e "a$ #e %is"isse% outri&ht 'ith specific reasons for such %is"issal,

!houl% pri"a facie "erit #e foun% in the petition the sa"e shall #e &iven %ue course an% su""ons shall #e serve% on the respon%ent, (n)

SEC. $. $rocedure.* +he proce%ure in or%inar$ civil cases shall #e o#serve%, !houl% a trial #e necessar$ the reception of the evi%ence "a$ #e referre% to a "e"#er of the court or a 1u%&e of a -e&ional +rial Court, (n)

SEC. 7. *ffect of "udgment ,* A 1u%&"ent of annul"ent shall set asi%e the @uestione% 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution an% ren%er the sa"e null an% voi% 'ithout pre1u%ice to the ori&inal action #ein& refile% in the proper court, ?o'ever 'here the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution is set asi%e on the &roun% of e/trinsic frau% the court "a$ on "otion or%er the trial court to tr$ the case as if a ti"el$ "otion for ne' trial ha% #een &rante% therein, (n)

SEC. 8. Suspension of prescriptive period. * +he prescriptive perio% for the refilin& of the aforesai% ori&inal action shall #e %ee"e% suspen%e% fro" the filin& of such ori&inal action until the finalit$ of the 1u%&"ent of annul"ent, ?o'ever the prescriptive perio% shall not #e suspen%e% 'here the e/trinsic frau% is attri#uta#le to the plaintiff in the ori&inal action, (n)

SEC. 9. Relief available.* +he 1u%&"ent of annul"ent "a$ inclu%e the a'ar% of %a"a&es attorne$Fs fees an% other relief,

If the @uestione% 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution ha% alrea%$ #een e/ecute% the court "a$ issue such or%ers of restitution or other relief as 1ustice an% e@uit$ "a$ 'arrant un%er the circu"stances, (n)

SEC. 10. (nnulment of "udgments or final orders of !unicipal Trial Courts.* An action to annul a 1u%&"ent or final or%er of a 9unicipal +rial Court shall #e file% in the -e&ional +rial Court havin& 1uris%iction over the for"er, It shall #e treate% as an or%inar$ civil action an% sections 0 4 3 7 A an% 9 of this -ule shall #e applica#le thereto, (n)

RULE "8

PRELIMINAR CONFERENCE

SECTION 1. $reliminary conference.* At an$ ti"e %urin& the pen%enc$ of a case the court "a$ call the parties an% their counsel to a preli"inar$ conference)

(a) +o consi%er the possi#ilit$ of an a"ica#le settle"ent e/cept 'hen the case is not allo'e% #$ la' to #e co"pro"ise%7

(#) +o %efine si"plif$ an% clarif$ the issues for %eter"ination7

(c) +o for"ulate stipulations of facts an% a%"issions of %ocu"entar$ e/hi#its li"it the nu"#er of 'itnesses to #e presente% in cases fallin& 'ithin the ori&inal 1uris%iction of the court or those 'ithin its appellate 1uris%iction 'here a "otion for ne' trial is &rante% on the &roun% of ne'l$ %iscovere% evi%ence7 an%

(%) +o ta.e up such other "atters 'hich "a$ ai% the court in the pro"pt %isposition of the case, (-ule 7 CA Internal -ules) (n)

SEC. !. Record of the conference.* +he procee%in&s at such conference shall #e recor%e% an% upon the conclusion thereof a resolution shall #e issue% e"#o%$in& all the actions ta.en therein the stipulations an% a%"issions "a%e an% the issues %efine%, (n)

SEC. 3. 1inding effect of the results of the conference.* !u#1ect to such "o%ifications 'hich "a$ #e "a%e to prevent "anifest in1ustice the resolution in the prece%in& section shall control the su#se@uent procee%in&s in the case unless 'ithin five (5) %a$s fro" notice thereof an$ part$ shall satisfactoril$ sho' vali% cause 'h$ the sa"e shoul% not #e follo'e%, (n)

RULE "9

ORAL ARGUMENT

SECTION 1. #hen allowed.* At its o'n instance or upon "otion of a part$ the court "a$ hear the parties in oral ar&u"ent on the "erits of a case or on an$ "aterial inci%ent in connection there'ith, (n)

+he oral ar&u"ent shall #e li"ite% to such "atters as the court "a$ specif$ in its or%er or resolution, (1a -3A)

SEC. !. Conduct of oral argument.* >nless authori2e% #$ the court onl$ one counsel "a$ ar&ue for a part$, +he %uration allo'e% for each part$ the se@uence of the ar&u"entation an% all other relate% "atters shall #e as %irecte% #$ the court, (n)

SEC. 3. %o hearing or oral argument for motions. * 9otions shall not #e set for hearin& an% unless the court other'ise %irects no hearin& or oral ar&u"ent shall #e allo'e% in support thereof, +he a%verse part$ "a$ file o#1ections to the "otion 'ithin five (5) %a$s fro" service upon the e/piration of 'hich such "otion shall #e %ee"e% su#"itte% for resolution, (0a -39)

RULE #0

DISMISSAL OF APPEAL

SECTION 1. ,rounds for dismissal of appeal. * An appeal "a$ #e %is"isse% #$ the Court of Appeals on its o'n "otion or on that of the appellee on the follo'in& &roun%

(a) Cailure of the recor% on appeal to sho' on its face that the appeal 'as ta.en 'ithin the perio% fi/e% #$ these -ules7

(#) Cailure to file the notice of appeal or the recor% on appeal 'ithin the perio% prescri#e% #$ these -ules7

(c) Cailure of the appellant to pa$ the %oc.et an% other la'ful fees as provi%e% in, section 3 of -ule 317

(%) >nauthori2e% alterations o"issions or a%%itions in the approve% recor% on appeal as provi%e% in

section 3 of 337

(e) Cailure of the appellant to serve an% file the re@uire% nu"#er of copies of his #rief or "e"oran%u" 'ithin the ti"e provi%e% #$ these -ules7

(f) A#sence of specific assi&n"ent of errors in the appellantFs #rief or of pa&e references to the recor% as re@uire% in section 14 para&raphs (a) (c) (%) an% (f) of -ule 337

(&) Cailure of the appellant to ta.e the necessar$ steps for the correction or co"pletion of the recor% 'ithin the ti"e li"ite% #$ the court in its or%er7

(h) Cailure of the appellant to appear at the preli"inar$ conference un%er -ule 3A or to co"pl$ 'ith or%ers circulars or %irectives of the court 'ithout 1ustifia#le cause7 an%

(i) +he fact that the or%er or 1u%&"ent appeale% fro" is not appeala#le, (1a)

SEC. !. +ismissal of improper appeal to the Court of (ppeals. * An appeal un%er -ule 31 ta.en fro" the -e&ional +rial Court to the Court of Appeals raisin& onl$ @uestions of la' shall #e %is"isse% issues purel$ of la' not #ein& revie'a#le #$ sai% court, !i"ilarl$ an appeal #$ notice of appeal instea% of #$ petition for revie' fro" the appellate 1u%&"ent of a -e&ional +rial Court shall #e %is"isse%, (n)

An appeal erroneousl$ ta.en to the Court of Appeals shall not #e transferre% to the appropriate court #ut shall #e %is"isse% outri&ht, (4a)

SEC. 3. #ithdrawal of appeal.* An appeal "a$ #e 'ith%ra'n as of ri&ht at an$ ti"e #efore the filin& of the appelleeFs #rief, +hereafter the 'ith%ra'al "a$ #e allo'e% in the %iscretion of the court, (3a)

RULE #1

'UDGMENT

SECTION 1. #hen case deemed submitted for "udgment. * A case shall #e %ee"e% su#"itte% for 1u%&"ent)

A, In or%inar$ appeals,1, 8here no hearin& on the "erits of the "ain case is hel% upon the filin& of the last plea%in& #rief or "e"oran%u" re@uire% #$ the -ules or #$ the court itself or the e/piration of the perio% for its filin&,

0, 8here such a hearin& is hel% upon its ter"ination or upon the filin& of the last plea%in& or "e"oran%u" as "a$ #e re@uire% or per"itte% to #e file% #$ the court or the e/piration of the perio% for its filin&,

(, In ori&inal actions an% petitions for revie',1, 8here no co""ent is file% upon the e/piration of the perio% to co""ent,

0, 8here no hearin& is hel% upon the filin& of the last plea%in& re@uire% or per"itte% to #e file% #$ the court or the e/piration of the perio% for its filin&,

4, 8here a hearin& on the "erits of the "ain case is hel% upon its ter"ination or upon the filin& of the last plea%in& or "e"oran%u" as "a$ #e re@uire% or per"itte% to #e file% #$ the court or the e/piration of the perio% for its filin&, (n)

SEC. !. 1y whom rendered.* +he 1u%&"ent shall #e ren%ere% #$ the "e"#ers of the court 'ho participate% in the %eli#eration on the "erits of the case #efore its assi&n"ent to a "e"#er for the 'ritin& of the %ecision, (n)

SEC. 3. 8uorum and voting in the court.* +he participation of all three Gustices of a %ivision shall #e necessar$ at the %eli#eration an% the unani"ous vote of the three Gustices shall #e re@uire% for the pronounce"ent of a 1u%&"ent or final resolution, If the three Gustices %o not reach a unani"ous vote

the cler. shall enter the votes of the %issentin& Gustices in the recor%, +hereafter the Chair"an of the %ivision shall refer the case to&ether 'ith the "inutes of the %eli#eration to the Presi%in& Gustice 'ho shall %esi&nate t'o Gustices chosen #$ raffle fro" a"on& all the other "e"#ers of the court to sit te"poraril$ 'ith the" for"in& a special %ivision of five Gustices, +he participation of all the five "e"#ers of the special %ivision shall #e necessar$ for the %eli#eration re@uire% in section 0 of this -ule an% the concurrence of a "a1orit$ of such %ivision shall #e re@uire% for the pronounce"ent of a 1u%&"ent or final resolution, (0a)

SEC. ". +isposition of a case.* +he Court of Appeals in the e/ercise of its appellate 1uris%iction "a$ affir" reverse or "o%if$ the 1u%&"ent or final or%er appeale% fro" an% "a$ %irect a ne' trial or further procee%in&s to #e ha%, (4a)

SEC. #. 3orm of decision.* 6ver$ %ecision or final resolution of the court in appeale% cases shall clearl$ an% %istinctl$ state the fin%in&s of fact an% the conclusions of la' on 'hich it is #ase% 'hich "a$ #e containe% in the %ecision or final resolution itself or a%opte% fro" those set forth in the %ecision or%er or resolution appeale% fro", (!ec, 30 (P (l&, 109) (n)

SEC. $. 2armless error.* Bo error in either the a%"ission or the e/clusion of evi%ence an% no error or %efect in an$ rulin& or or%er or in an$thin& %one or o"itte% #$ the trial court or #$ an$ of the parties is &roun% for &rantin& a ne' trial or for settin& asi%e "o%if$in& or other'ise %istur#in& a 1u%&"ent or or%er unless refusal to ta.e such action appears to the court inconsistent 'ith su#stantial 1ustice, +he court at ever$ sta&e of the procee%in& "ust %isre&ar% an$ error or %efect 'hich %oes not affect the su#stantial ri&hts of the parties, (5a)

SEC. 7. udgment where there are several parties. * In all actions or procee%in&s an appeale% 1u%&"ent "a$ #e affir"e% as to so"e of the appellants an% reverse% as to others an% the case shall thereafter #e procee%e% 'ith so far as necessar$ as if separate actions ha% #een #e&un an% prosecute%7 an% e/ecution of the 1u%&"ent of affir"ance "a$ #e ha% accor%in&l$ an% costs "a$ #e a%1u%&e% in such cases as the court shall %ee" proper, (5)

SEC. 8. 8uestions that may be decided. * Bo error 'hich %oes not affect the 1uris%iction over the su#1ect "atter or the vali%it$ of the 1u%&"ent appeale% fro" or the procee%in&s therein 'ill #e consi%ere% unless state% in the assi&n"ent of errors or closel$ relate% to or %epen%ent on an assi&ne% error an% properl$ ar&ue% in the #rief save as the court "a$ pass upon plain errors an% clerical errors, (7a)

SEC. 9. $romulgation and notice of "udgment. * After the 1u%&"ent or final resolution an%

%issentin& or separate opinions if an$ are si&ne% #$ the Gustices ta.in& part the$ shall #e %elivere% for filin& to the cler. 'ho shall in%icate thereon the %ate of pro"ul&ation an% cause true copies thereof to #e serve% upon the parties or their counsel, (n)

SEC. 10. *ntry of "udgments and final resolutions. * If no appeal or "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration is file% 'ithin the ti"e provi%e% in these -ules the 1u%&"ent or final resolution shall forth'ith #e entere% #$ the cler. in the #oo. of entries of 1u%&"ents, +he %ate 'hen the 1u%&"ent or final resolution #eco"es e/ecutor$ shall #e %ee"e% as the %ate of its entr$, +he recor% shall contain the %ispositive part of the 1u%&"ent or final resolution an% shall #e si&ne% #$ the cler. 'ith a certificate that such 1u%&"ent or final resolution has #eco"e final an% e/ecutor$, (0a -45)

SEC. 11. *4ecution of "udgment.* 6/cept 'here the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution or a portion thereof is or%ere% to #e i""e%iatel$ e/ecutor$ the "otion for its e/ecution "a$ onl$ #e file% in the proper court after its entr$,

In ori&inal actions in the Court of Appeals its 'rit of e/ecution shall #e acco"panie% #$ a certifie% true cop$ of the entr$ of 1u%&"ent or final resolution an% a%%resse% to an$ appropriate officer for its enforce"ent,

In appeale% cases 'here the "otion for e/ecution pen%in& appeal is file% in the Court of Appeals at a ti"e that it is in possession of the ori&inal recor% or the recor% on appeal the resolution &rantin& such "otion shall #e trans"itte% to the lo'er court fro" 'hich the case ori&inate% to&ether 'ith a certifie% true cop$ of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er to #e e/ecute% 'ith a %irective for such court of ori&in to issue the proper 'rit for its enforce"ent, (n)

RULE #!

MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION

SECTION 1. $eriod for filing. * A part$ "a$ file a "otion for reconsi%eration of a 1u%&"ent or final resolution 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" notice thereof 'ith proof of service on the a%verse part$, (n)

SEC. !. Second motion for reconsideration. * Bo secon% "otion for reconsi%eration of a 1u%&"ent or final resolution #$ the sa"e part$ shall #e entertaine%, (n)

SEC. 3. Resolution of motion. * In the Court of Appeals a "otion for reconsi%eration shall #e resolve% 'ithin ninet$ (90) %a$s fro" the %ate 'hen the court %eclares it-su#"itte% for resolution, (n)

SEC. ". Stay of e4ecution.* +he pen%enc$ of a "otion for reconsi%eration file% on ti"e an% #$ the proper part$ shall sta$ the e/ecution of the 1u%&"ent or final resolution sou&ht to #e reconsi%ere% unless the court for &oo% reasons shall other'ise %irect, (n)

RULE #3

NE& TRIAL

SECTION 1. $eriod for filing; ground.* At an$ ti"e after the appeal fro" the lo'er court has #een perfecte% an% #efore the Court of Appeals loses 1uris%iction over the case a part$ "a$ file a "otion for a ne' trial on the &roun% of ne'l$ %iscovere% evi%ence 'hich coul% not have #een %iscovere% prior to the trial in the court #elo' #$ the e/ercise of %ue %ili&ence an% 'hich is of such a character as 'oul% pro#a#l$ chan&e the result, +he "otion shall #e acco"panie% #$ affi%avits sho'in& the facts constitutin& the &roun%s therefor an% the ne'l$ %iscovere% evi%ence, (1a)

SEC. !. 2earing and order.* +he Court of Appeals shall consi%er the ne' evi%ence to&ether 'ith that a%%uce% at the trial #elo' an% "a$ &rant or refuse a ne' trial or "a$ "a.e such or%er 'ith notice to #oth parties as to the ta.in& of further testi"on$ either orall$ in court or #$ %epositions or ren%er such other 1u%&"ent as ou&ht to #e ren%ere% upon such ter"s as it "a$ %ee" 1ust, (0a)

SEC. 3. Resolution of motion.* In the Court of Appeals a "otion for ne' trial shall #e resolve% 'ithin ninet$ (90) %a$s fro" the %ate 'hen the court %eclares it su#"itte% for resolution, (n)

SEC. ". $rocedure in new trial.* >nless the court other'ise %irects the proce%ure in the ne' trial shall #e the sa"e as that &rante% #$ a -e&ional +rial Court, (4a)

RULE #"

INTERNAL BUSINESS

SECTION 1. +istribution of cases among divisions. * All the cases of the Court of Appeals shall #e allotte% a"on& the %ifferent %ivisions thereof for hearin& an% %ecision, +he Court of Appeals sittin& en #anc shall "a.e proper or%ers or rules to &overn the allot"ent of cases a"on& the %ifferent %ivisions the constitution of such %ivisions the re&ular rotation of Gustices a"on& the" the fillin& of vacancies occurrin& therein an% other "atters relatin& to the #usiness of the court7 an% such rules shall continue in force until repeale% or altere% #$ it or #$ the !upre"e Court, (1a)

SEC. !. 8uorum of the court.* A "a1orit$ of the actual "e"#ers of the court shall constitute a @uoru" for its sessions en #anc, +hree "e"#ers shall constitute a @uoru" for the sessions of a %ivision, +he affir"ative votes of the "a1orit$ of the "e"#ers present shall #e necessar$ to pass a resolution of the court en #anc, +he affir"ative votes of three "e"#ers of a %ivision shall #e necessar$ for the pronounce"ent of a 1u%&"ent or final resolution 'hich shall #e reache% in consultation #efore the 'ritin& of the opinion #$ an$ "e"#er of the %ivision, (!ec, 11 first par, of (P (l&, 109 as a"en%e% #$ !ec, 5 of 6: 44), (4a)

RULE ##

PUBLICATION OF 'UDGMENTS AND FINAL RESOLUTIONS

SECTION 1. $ublication. * +he 1u%&"ents an% final resolutions of the court shall #e pu#lishe% in the :fficial Da2ette an% in the -eports officiall$ authori2e% #$ the court in the lan&ua&e hi 'hich the$ have #een ori&inall$ 'ritten to&ether 'ith the s$lla#i therefor prepare% #$ the reporter in consultation 'ith the 'riters thereof, 9e"oran%a of all other 1u%&"ents an% final resolutions not so pu#lishe% shall #e "a%e #$ the reporter an% pu#lishe% in the :fficial Da2ette an% the authori2e% reports, (1a)

SEC. !. $reparation of opinions for publication. * +he reporter shall prepare an% pu#lish 'ith each reporte% 1u%&"ent an% final resolution a concise s$nopsis of the facts necessar$ for a clear un%erstan%in& of the case the na"es of counsel the "aterial an% controverte% points involve% the

authorities cite% therein an% a s$lla#us 'hich shall #e confine% to points of la', (!ec, 00a -A, Bo, 095) (n)

SEC. 3. ,eneral ma)e&up of volumes.* +he pu#lishe% %ecisions an% final resolutions of the !upre"e Court shall #e calle% =Philippine -eports = 'hile those of the Court of Appeals shall #e .no'n as the =Court of Appeals -eports,= 6ach volu"e thereof shall contain a ta#le of the cases reporte% an% the cases cite% in the opinions 'ith a co"plete alpha#etical in%e/ of the su#1ect "atters of the volu"e, It shall consist of not less than seven hun%re% pa&es printe% upon &oo% paper 'ell #oun% an% nu"#ere% consecutivel$ in the or%er of the volu"es pu#lishe%, (!ec, 04a -A, Bo, 095), (n)

PROCEDURE IN THE SUPREME COURT

RULE #$

A. ORIGINAL CASES

SECTION 1. Original cases cogni5able.* :nl$ petitions for certiorari prohi#ition "an%a"us @uo 'arranto ha#eas corpus %isciplinar$ procee%in&s a&ainst "e"#ers of the 1u%iciar$ an% attorne$s an% cases affectin& a"#assa%ors other pu#lic "inisters an% consuls "a$ #e file% ori&inall$ in the !upre"e Court, (n)

SEC. !. Rules applicable.* +he proce%ure in ori&inal cases for certiorari prohi#ition "an%a"us @uo 'arranto an% ha#eas corpus shall #e in accor%ance 'ith the applica#le provisions of the Constitution la's an% -ules 35 3A 39 51 50 an% this -ule su#1ect to the follo'in& provisions)

a) All references in sai% -ules to the Court of Appeal shall #e un%erstoo% to also appl$ to the !upre"e Court7

#) +he portions of sai% -ules %ealin& strictl$ 'ith an% specificall$ inten%e% for appeale% cases in the Court of Appeals shall not #e applica#le7 an%

c) 6i&hteen (1A) clearl$ le&i#le copies of the petition shall #e file% to&ether 'ith proof of service on all a%verse parties,

+he procee%in&s for %isciplinar$ action a&ainst "e"#ers of the 1u%iciar$ shall #e &overne% #$ the la's an% -ules prescri#e% therefor an% those a&ainst attorne$s #$ -ule 149-( as a"en%e%, (n)

B. APPEALED CASES

SEC. 3. !ode of appeal.* An appeal to the !upre"e Court "a$ #e ta.en onl$ #$ a petition for revie' on certiorari e/cept in cri"inal cases 'here the penalt$ i"pose% is %eath reclusion perpetua or life i"prison"ent, (n)

SEC ". $rocedure.* +he appeal shall #e &overne% #$ an% %ispose% of in accor%ance 'ith the applica#le provisions of the Constitution la's -ules 35 3A sections 1 0 an% 5 to 11 of -ule 51 50 an% this -ule, (n)

SEC. #. ,rounds for dismissal of appeal.* +he appeal "a$ #e %is"isse% "otu proprio or on "otion of the respon%ent on the follo'in& &roun%s)

(a) Cailure to ta.e the appeal 'ithin the re&le"entar$7

(#) Hac. of "erit in the petition7

(c) Cailure to pa$ the re@uisite %oc.et fee an% other la'ful fees or to "a.e a %eposit for costs7

(%) Cailure to co"pl$ 'ith the re@uire"ents re&ar%in& proof of service an% contents of an% the %ocu"ents 'hich shoul% acco"pan$ the petition7

(e) Cailure to co"pl$ 'ith an$ circular %irective or or%er of the !upre"e Court 'ithout 1ustifia#le cause7

(f) 6rror in the choice or "o%e of appeal7 an%

(&) +he fact that the case is not appeala#le to the !upre"e Court, (n)

SEC. $. +isposition of improper appeal.* 6/cept as provi%e% in section 4 -ule 100 re&ar%in& appeals in cri"inal cases 'here the penalt$ i"pose% is %eath reclusion perpetua or life i"prison"ent an appeal ta.en to the !upre"e Court #$ notice of appeal shall #e %is"isse%,

An appeal #$ certiorari ta.en to the !upre"e Court fro" the -e&ional +rial Court su#"ittin& issues of fact "a$ #e referre% to the Court of Appeals for %ecision or appropriate action, +he %eter"ination of the !upre"e Court on 'hether or not issues of fact are involve% shall #e final, (n)

SEC. 7. $rocedure if opinion is e6ually divided. * 8here the court en #anc is e@uall$ %ivi%e% in opinion or the necessar$ "a1orit$ cannot #e ha% the case shall a&ain #e %eli#erate% on an% if after such %eli#eration no %ecision is reache% the ori&inal action co""ence% in the court shall #e %is"isse%7 in appeale% cases the 1u%&"ent or or%er appeale% fro" shall stan% affir"e%7 an% on all inci%ental "atters the petition or "otion shall #e %enie%, (11a)

PROVISIONAL REMEDIES

RULE #7

PRELIMINAR ATTACHMENT

SECTION 1. ,rounds upon which attachment may issue.* At the co""ence"ent of the action or at

an$ ti"e #efore entr$ of 1u%&"ent a plaintiff or an$ proper part$ "a$ have the propert$ of the a%verse part$ attache% as securit$ for the satisfaction of an$ 1u%&"ent that "a$ #e recovere% in the follo'in& cases)

(a) In an action for the recover$ of a specifie% a"ount of "one$ or %a"a&es other than "oral an% e/e"plar$ a cause of action arisin& fro" la' contract @uasi-contract %elict or @uasi-%elict a&ainst a part$ 'ho is a#out to %epart fro" the Philippines 'ith intent to %efrau% his cre%itors7

(#) In an action for "one$ or propert$ e"#e22le% or frau%ulentl$ "isapplie% or converte% to his o'n use #$ a 1 pu#lic officer or an officer of a corporation or an attorne$ factor #ro.er a&ent or cler. in the course of his e"plo$"ent as such or #$ an$ other person in a fi%uciar$ F capacit$ or for a 'illful violation of %ut$7

(c) In an action to recover the possession of propert$ un1ustl$ or frau%ulentl$ ta.en %etaine% or converte% 'hen the propert$ or an$ part thereof has #een conceale% re"ove% or %ispose% of to prevent its #ein& foun% or ta.en #$ the applicant or an authori2e% person7

(%) In an action a&ainst a part$ 'ho has #een &uilt$ of a frau% in contractin& the %e#t or incurrin& the o#li&ation upon 'hich the action is #rou&ht or in the perfor"ance thereof7

(e) In an action a&ainst a part$ 'ho has re"ove% or %ispose% of his propert$ or is a#out to %o so 'ith intent to %efrau% his cre%itors7 or

(f) In an action a&ainst a part$ 'ho %oes not resi%e an% is not foun% in the Philippines or on 'ho" su""ons "a$ #e serve% #$ pu#lication, (1a)

SEC. !. Issuance and contents of order.* An or%er of attach"ent "a$ #e issue% either e/ parte or upon "otion 'ith notice an% hearin& #$ the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& or #$ the Court of Appeals or the !upre"e Court an% "ust re@uire the sheriff of the court to attach so "uch of the propert$ in the Philippines of the part$ a&ainst 'ho" it is issue% not e/e"pt fro" e/ecution as "a$ #e sufficient to satisf$ the applicantFs %e"an% unless such part$ "a.es %eposit or &ives a #on% as hereinafter provi%e% in an a"ount e@ual to that fi/e% in the or%er 'hich "a$ #e the a"ount sufficient to satisf$ the applicantFs %e"an% or the value of the propert$ to #e attache% as state% #$ the applicant e/clusive of costs, !everal 'rits "a$ #e issue% at the sa"e ti"e to the sheriffs of the courts of %ifferent 1u%icial re&ions, (0a)

SEC. 3. (ffidavit and bond re6uired.* An or%er of attach"ent shall #e &rante% onl$ 'hen it appears #$ the affi%avit of the applicant or of so"e other person 'ho personall$ .no's the facts that a sufficient cause of action e/ists that the case is one of those "entione% in section 1 hereof that there is no other sufficient securit$ for the clai" sou&ht to #e enforce% #$ the action an% that the a"ount %ue to the applicant or the value of the propert$ the possession of 'hich he is entitle% to recover is as "uch as the su" for 'hich the or%er is &rante% a#ove all le&al counterclai"s, +he affi%avit an% the #on% re@uire% #$ the ne/t succee%in& section "ust #e %ul$ file% 'ith the court #efore the or%er issues, (4a)

SEC. ". Condition of applicant;s bond.* +he part$ appl$in& for the or%er "ust thereafter &ive a #on% e/ecute% to the a%verse part$ in the a"ount fi/e% #$ the court in its or%er &rantin& the issuance of the 'rit con%itione% that the latter 'ill pa$ all the costs 'hich "a$ #e a%1u%&e% to the a%verse part$ an% all %a"a&es 'hich he "a$ sustain #$ reason of the attach"ent if the court shall finall$ a%1u%&e that the applicant 'as not entitle% thereto, (3a)

SEC. #. !anner of attaching property.* +he sheriff enforcin& the 'rit shall 'ithout %ela$ an% 'ith all reasona#le %ili&ence attach to a'ait 1u%&"ent an% e/ecution in the action onl$ so "uch of the propert$ in the Philippines of the part$ a&ainst 'ho" the 'rit is issue% not e/e"pt fro" e/ecution as "a$ #e sufficient to satisf$ the applicantFs %e"an% unless the for"er "a.es a %eposit 'ith the court fro" 'hich the 'rit is issue% or &ives a counter-#on% e/ecute% to the applicant in an a"ount e@ual to the #on% fi/e% #$ the court in the or%er of attach"ent or to the value of the propert$ to #e attache% e/clusive of costs, Bo lev$ on attach"ent pursuant to the 'rit issue% un%er section 0 hereof shall #e enforce% unless it is prece%e% or conte"poraneousl$ acco"panie% #$ service of su""ons to&ether 'ith a cop$ of the co"plaint the application for attach"ent the applicantFs affi%avit an% #on% an% the or%er an% 'rit of attach"ent on the %efen%ant 'ithin the Philippines,

+he re@uire"ent of prior or conte"poraneous service of su""ons shall not appl$ 'here the su""ons coul% not #e serve% personall$ or #$ su#stitute% service %espite %ili&ent efforts or the %efen%ant is a resi%ent of the Philippines te"poraril$ a#sent therefro" or the %efen%ant is a non-resi%ent of the Philippines or the action is one in re" or @uasi in re", (5a)

SEC. $. Sheriff;s return.* After enforcin& the 'rit the sheriff "ust li.e'ise 'ithout %ela$ "a.e a return thereon to the court fro" 'hich the 'rit issue% 'ith a full state"ent of his procee%in& un%er the 'rit an% a co"plete inventor$ of the propert$ attache% to&ether 'ith an$ counter-#on% &iven #$ the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent is issue% an% serve copies thereof on the applicant, (5a)

SEC. 7. (ttachment of real and personal property; recording thereof.* -eal an% personal propert$

shall #e attache% #$ the sheriff e/ecutin& the 'rit in the follo'in& "anner)

(a) -eal propert$ or &ro'in& crops thereon or an$ interest therein stan%in& upon the recor% of the re&istr$ of %ee%s of the province in the na"e of the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent is issue% or not appearin& at all upon such recor%s or #elon&in& to the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent is issue% an% hel% #$ an$ other persons or stan%in& on the recor%s of the re&istr$ of %ee%s in the na"e of an$ other person #$ filin& 'ith the re&istr$ of %ee%s a cop$ of the or%er to&ether 'ith a %escription of the propert$ attache% an% a notice that it is attache% or that such real propert$ an% an$ interest therein hel% #$ or stan%in& in the na"e of such other person are attache% an% #$ leavin& a cop$ of such or%er %escription an% notice 'ith the occupant of the propert$ if an$ or 'ith such other person or his a&ent if foun% 'ithin the province, 8here the propert$ has #een #rou&ht un%er the operation of either the Han% -e&istration Act or the Propert$ -e&istration Eecree the notice shall contain a reference to the nu"#er of the certificate of title the volu"e an% pa&e in the re&istration #oo. 'here the certificate is re&istere% an% the re&istere% o'ner or o'ners thereof,

+he re&istrar of %ee%s "ust in%e/ attach"ents file% un%er this section in the na"es of the applicant the a%verse part$ or the person #$ 'ho" the propert$ is hel% or in 'hose na"e it stan%s in the recor%s, If the attach"ent is not clai"e% on the entire area of the lan% covere% #$ the certificate of title a %escription sufficientl$ accurate for the i%entification of the lan% or interest to #e affecte% shall #e inclu%e% in the re&istration of such attach"ent7

(#) Personal propert$ capa#le of "anual %eliver$ #$ ta.in& an% safel$ .eepin& it in his custo%$ after issuin& the correspon%in& receipt therefor7

(c) !toc.s or shares or an interest in stoc.s or shares of an$ corporation or co"pan$ #$ leavin& 'ith the presi%ent or "ana&in& a&ent thereof a cop$ of the 'rit an% a notice statin& that the stoc. or interest of the part$ a&ainst 'ho" the attach"ent is issue% is attache% in pursuance of such 'rit7

(%) Ee#ts an% cre%its inclu%in& #an. %eposits financial interest ro$alties co""issions an% other personal propert$ not capa#le of "anual %eliver$ #$ leavin& 'ith the person o'in& such %e#ts or havin& in his possession or un%er his control such cre%its or other personal propert$ or 'ith his a&ent a cop$ of the 'rit an% notice that the %e#ts o'in& #$ hi" to the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent is issue% an% the cre%its an% other personal propert$ in his possession or un%er his control #elon&in& to sai% part$ are attache% in pursuance of such 'rit7

(e) +he interest of the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent is issue% in propert$ #elon&in& to the estate of the %ece%ent 'hether as heir le&atee or %evisee #$ servin& the e/ecutor or a%"inistrator or other

personal representative of the %ece%ent 'ith a cop$ of the 'rit an% notice that sai% interest is attache%, A cop$ of sai% 'rit of attach"ent of sai% notice shall also #e file% in the office of the cler. the court in 'hich sai% estate is #ein& settle% an% serve% upon the heir le&atee or %evisee concerne%,

If the propert$ sou&ht to #e attache% is in custo%ia le&is a cop$ of the 'rit of attach"ent shall #e file% 'ith the proper court or @uasi-1u%icial a&enc$ an% notice of the attach"ent serve% upon the custo%ian of such propert$, (7a)

SEC. 8. *ffect of attachment of debts, credits and all other similar personal property.* All persons havin& in their possession or un%er their control an$ cre%its or other si"ilar personal propert$ #elon&in& to the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent is issue% or o'in& an$ %e#ts to hi" at the ti"e of service upon the" of the cop$ of the 'rit of attach"ent an% notice as provi%e% in the last prece%in& section shall #e lia#le to the applicant for the a"ount of such cre%its %e#ts or other si"ilar personal propert$ until the attach"ent is %ischar&e% or an$ 1u%&"ent recovere% #$ hi" is satisfie% unless such propert$ is %elivere% or transferre% or such %e#ts are pai% to the cler. sheriff or other proper officer of the court issuin& the attach"ent, (Aa)

SEC. 9. *ffect of attachment of interest in property belonging to the estate of a decedent. * +he attach"ent of the interest of an heir le&atee or %evisee in the propert$ #elon&in& to the estate of a %ece%ent shall not i"pair the po'ers of the e/ecutor a%"inistrator or other persona representative of the %ece%ent over such propert$ for t e purpose of a%"inistration, !uch personal representative ho'ever shall report the attach"ent to the court 'hen an$ petition for %istri#ution is file% an% in the or%er "a%e upon such petition %istri#ution "a$ #e a'ar%e% to such heir le&atee or %evisee #ut the propert$ attache% s #e or%ere% %elivere% to the sheriff "a.in& the lev$ su#1ect to the clai" of such heir le&atee or %evisee or an$ person clai"in& un%er hi", (9a)

SEC. 10. *4amination of party whose property is attached and persons indebted to him or controlling his property; delivery of propery to sheriff.* An$ person o'in& %e#ts to the part$ 'hose propert$ is attache% or havin& in his possession or un%er his control an$ cre%it or other personal propert$ #elon&in& to such part$ "a$ #e re@uire% to atten% #efore the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& or #efore a co""issioner appointe% #$ the court an% #e e/a"ine% on oath respectin& the sa"e, +he part$ 'hose propert$ is attache% "a$ also #e re@uire% to atten% for the purpose of &ivin& infor"ation respectin& his propert$ an% "a$ #e e/a"ine% on oath, +he court "a$ after such e/a"ination or%er personal propert$ capa#le of "anual %eliver$ #elon&in& to hi" in the possession of the person so re@uire% to atten% #efore the court to #e %elivere% to the cler. of the court or sheriff on such ter"s as "a$ #e 1ust havin& reference to an$ lien thereon or clai" a&ainst the sa"e to a'ait the 1u%&"ent in the action, (10a)

SEC. 11. #hen attached property may be sold after levy on attachment and before entry of

"udgment. * 8henever it shall #e "a%e to appear to the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& upon hearin& 'ith notice to #oth parties that the propert$ attache% is perisha#le or that the interests of all the parties to the action 'ill #e su#serve% #$ the sale thereof the court "a$ or%er such propert$ to #e sol% at pu#lic auction in such "anner as it "a$ %irect an% the procee%s of such sale to #e %eposite% in court to a#i%e the 1u%&"ent in the action, (11a)

SEC. 1!. +ischarge of attachment upon giving counter&bond. * After a 'rit of attach"ent has #een enforce% the part$ 'hose propert$ has #een attache% or the person appearin& on his #ehalf "a$ "ove for the %ischar&e of the attach"ent 'holl$ or in part on the securit$ &iven, +he court shall after %ue notice an% hearin& or%er the %ischar&e of the attach"ent if the "ovant "a.es a cash %eposit or files a counter-#on% e/ecute% to the attachin& part$ the cler. of the court 'here the application is "a%e in a"ount e@ual to that fi/e% #$ the court in the or%er of attach"ent e/clusive of costs, (ut if the attach"ent is sou&ht to #e %ischar&e% 'ith respect to a particular propert$ the counter-#on% shall #e e@ual to the value of that propert$ as %eter"ine% #$ the court, In either case the cash %eposit or the counter-#on% shall secure the pa$"ent of an$ 1u%&"ent that the attachin& part$ "a$ recover in the action, A notice of the %eposit shall forth'ith #e serve% on the attachin& part$, >pon the %ischar&e of an attach"ent in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of this section the propert$ attache% or the procee%s of an$ sale thereof shall #e %elivere% to the part$ "a.in& the %eposit or &ivin& the counter-#on% or to the person appearin& on his #ehalf the %eposit or counter-#on% aforesai% stan%in& in place of the propert$ so release%, !houl% such counter-#on% for an$ reason #e foun% to #e or #eco"e insufficient an% the part$ furnishin& the sa"e fail to file an a%%itional counter-#on% the attachin& part$ "a$ appl$ for a ne' or%er of attach"ent, (10a)

SEC. 13. +ischarge of attachment on other grounds. * +he part$ 'hose propert$ has #een or%ere% attache% "a$ file a "otion 'ith the court in 'hich the action is pen%in& #efore or after lev$ or even after the release of the attache% propert$ for an or%er to set asi%e or %ischar&e the attach"ent on the &roun% that the sa"e 'as i"properl$ or irre&ularl$ issue% or enforce% or that the #on% is insufficient, If the attach"ent is e/cessive the %ischar&e shall #e li"ite% to the e/cess, If the "otion #e "a%e on affi%avits on the part of the "ovant #ut not other'ise the attachin& part$ "a$ oppose the "otion #$ counter-affi%avits or other evi%ence in a%%ition to that on 'hich the attach"ent 'as "a%e, After %ue notice an% hearin& the court shall or%er the settin& asi%e or the correspon%in& %ischar&e of the attach"ent if it appears that it 'as i"properl$ or irre&ularl$ issue% or enforce% or that the #on% is insufficient or that the attach"ent is e/cessive an% the %efect is not cure% forth'ith, (14a)

SEC. 1". $roceedings where property claimed by third person. * If the propert$ attache% is clai"e% #$ an$ person other than the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent ha% #een issue% or his a&ent an% such person "a.es an affi%avit of his title thereto or ri&ht to the possession thereof statin& the &roun%s of such ri&ht or title an% serves such affi%avit upon the sheriff 'hile the latter has possession of the attache% propert$ an% a cop$ thereof upon the attachin& part$ the sheriff shall not #e #oun% to .eep the propert$ un%er attach"ent unless the attachin& part$ or his a&ent on %e"an% of the sheriff shall file a #on% approve% #$ the court to in%e"nif$ the thir%-part$ clai"ant in a su" not less than the value of the propert$ levie% upon, In case of %isa&ree"ent as to such value the sa"e shall #e %eci%e% #$ the court issuin& the 'rit of attach"ent, Bo clai" for %a"a&es for the ta.in& or .eepin& of the propert$ "a$ #e

enforce% a&ainst the #on% unless the action therefor is file% 'ithin one hun%re% t'ent$ (100) %a$s fro" the %ate of the filin& of the #on%,

+he sheriff shall not #e lia#le for %a"a&es for the ta.in& or .eepin& of such propert$ to an$ such thir%part$ clai"ant if such #on% shall #e file%, Bothin& herein containe% shall prevent such clai"ant or an$ thir% person fro" vin%icatin& his clai" to the propert$ or prevent the attachin& part$ fro" clai"in& %a"a&es a&ainst a thir%-part$ clai"ant 'ho file% a frivolous or plainl$ spurious clai" in the sa"e or a separate action,

8hen the 'rit of attach"ent is issue% hi favor of the -epu#lic of the Philippines or an$ officer %ul$ representin& it the filin& of such #on% shall not #e re@uire% an% in case the sheriff is sue% for %a"a&es as a result of the attach"ent he shall #e represente% #$ the !olicitor Deneral an% if hel% lia#le therefor the actual %a"a&es 1u%&e% #$ the court shall #e pai% #$ the Bational +reasurer out of the fun%s to #e appropriate% for the purpose, (13a)

SEC. 1#. Satisfaction of "udgment out of attac)ed; return of sheriff. * If 1u%&"ent #e recovere% #$ the attachin& part$ an% e/ecution issue thereon the sheriff "a$ cause the 1u%&"ent to #e satisfie% out of the propert$ attache% if it #e sufficient for that purpose in the follo'in& "anner)

(a) ($ pa$in& to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee the procee%s of all sales of perisha#le or other propert$ sol% in pursuance of the or%er of the court or so "uch as shall #e necessar$ to satisf$ the 1u%&"ent7

(#) If an$ #alance re"ains %ue #$ sellin& so "uch of the propert$ real or personal as "a$ #e necessar$ to satisf$ the #alance if enou&h for that purpose re"ain in the sheriffs han%s or in those of the cler. of the court7

(c) ($ collectin& fro" all persons havin& in their possession cre%its #elon&in& to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or or o'in& %e#ts to the latter at the ti"e of the attach"ent of such cre%its or %e#ts the a"ount of such cre%its an% %e#ts as %eter"ine% #$ the court in the action an% state% in the 1u%&"ent an% pa$in& the procee%s of such collection over to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee,

+he sheriff shall forth'ith "a.e a return in 'ritin& to the court of his procee%in&s un%er this section an% furnish the parties 'ith copies thereof, (15a)

SEC. 1$. 1alance due collected upon an e4ecution; e4cess delivered to "udgment obligor.* If after reali2in& upon all the propert$ attache% inclu%in& the procee%s of an$ %e#ts or cre%its collecte% an% appl$in& the procee%s to the satisfaction of the 1u%&"ent less the e/penses of procee%in&s upon the 1u%&"ent an$ #alance shall re"ain %ue the sheriff "ust procee% to collect such #alance as upon or%inar$ e/ecution, 8henever the 1u%&"ent shall have #een pai% the sheriff upon reasona#le %e"an% "ust return to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or the attache% propert$ re"ainin& in his han%s an% an$ procee%s of the sale of the propert$ attache% not applie% to the 1u%&"ent, (15a)

SEC. 17. Recovery upon the counter&bond.* 8hen the 1u%&"ent has #eco"e e/ecutor$ the suret$ or sureties on an$ counter-#on% &iven pursuant to the provisions of this -ule to secure the pa$"ent of the 1u%&"ent shall #eco"e char&e% on such counter-#on% an% #oun% to pa$ the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee upon %e"an% the a"ount %ue un%er the 1u%&"ent 'hich a"ount "a$ #e recovere% fro" such suret$ or sureties after notice an% su""ar$ hearin& in the sa"e action, (17a)

SEC. 18. +isposition of money deposited.* 8here the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent ha% #een issue% has %eposite% "one$ instea% of &ivin& counter-#on% it shall #e applie% un%er the %irection of the court to the satisfaction of an$ 1u%&"ent ren%ere% in favor of the attachin& part$ an% after satisf$in& the 1u%&"ent the #alance shall #e refun%e% to the %epositor or his assi&nee, If the 1u%&"ent is in favor of the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent 'as issue% the 'hole su" %eposite% "ust #e refun%e% to hi" or his assi&nee, (1Aa)

SEC. 19. +isposition of attached property where "udgment is for party against whom, attachment was issued. * If 1u%&"ent #e ren%ere% a&ainst the attachin& part$ all the procee%s of sales an% "one$ collecte% or receive% #$ the sheriff un%er the or%er of attach"ent an% all propert$ attache% re"ainin& in an$ such officerFs han%s shall #e %elivere% to the part$ a&ainst 'ho" attach"ent 'as issue% an% the or%er of attach"ent %ischar&e%, (19a)

SEC. !0. Claim for damages on account of improper, irregular or e4cessive attachment.* An application for %a"a&es on account of i"proper irre&ular or e/cessive attach"ent "ust #e file% #efore the trial or #efore appeal is perfecte% or #efore the 1u%&"ent #eco"es e/ecutor$ 'ith %ue notice to the attachin& part$ an% his suret$ or sureties settin& forth the facts sho'in& his ri&ht to %a"a&es an% the a"ount thereof, !uch %a"a&es "a$ #e a'ar%e% onl$ after proper hearin& an% shall #e inclu%e% in the 1u%&"ent on the "ain case,

If the 1u%&"ent of the appellate court #e favora#le to the part$ a&ainst 'ho" the attach"ent 'as issue% he "ust clai" %a"a&es sustaine% %urin& the pen%enc$ of the appeal #$ filin& an application in the appellate court 'ith notice to the part$ in 'hose favor the attach"ent 'as issue% or his suret$ or sureties #efore the 1u%&"ent of the appellate court #eco"es e/ecutor$, +he appellate court "a$ allo'

the application to #e hear% an% %eci%e% #$ the trial court,

Bothin& herein containe% shall prevent the part$ a&ainst 'ho" the attach"ent 'as issue% fro" recoverin& in the sa"e action the %a"a&es a'ar%e% to hi" fro" an$ propert$ of the attachin& part$ not e/e"pt fro" e/ecution shoul% the #on% or %eposit &iven #$ the latter #e insufficient or fail to full$ satisf$ the a'ar%, (00a)

RULE #8

PRELIMINAR IN'UNCTION

SECTION 1. $reliminary in"unction defined; classes. * A preli"inar$ in1unction is an or%er &rante% at an$ sta&e of an action or procee%in& prior to the 1u%&"ent or final or%er re@uirin& a part$ or a court a&enc$ or a person to refrain fro" a particular act or acts, It "a$ also re@uire the perfor"ance of a particular act or acts in 'hich case it shall #e .no'n as a preli"inar$ "an%ator$ in1unction, (1a)

SEC. !. #ho may grant preliminary in"unction. * A preli"inar$ in1unction "a$ #e &rante% #$ the court 'here the action or procee%in& is pen%in&, If the action or procee%in& is pen%in& in the Court of Appeals or in the !upre"e Court it "a$ #e issue% #$ sai% court or an$ "e"#er thereof, (0a)

SEC. 3. ,rounds for issuance of preliminary in"unction. * A preli"inar$ in1unction "a$ #e &rante% 'hen it is esta#lishe%)

(a) +hat the applicant is entitle% to the relief %e"an%e% an% the 'hole or part of such relief consists in restrainin& the co""ission or continuance of the act or acts co"plaine% of or in re@uirin& the perfor"ance of an act or acts either for a li"ite% perio% or perpetuall$7

(#) +hat the co""ission continuance or non-perfor"ance of the act or acts co"plaine% of %urin& the liti&ation 'oul% pro#a#l$ 'or. in1ustice to the applicant7 or

(c) +hat a part$ court a&enc$ or a person is %oin& threatenin& or is atte"ptin& to %o or is procurin& or sufferin& to #e %one so"e act or acts pro#a#l$ in violation of the ri&hts of the applicant respectin& the su#1ect of the action or procee%in& an% ten%in& to ren%er the 1u%&"ent ineffectual, (4a)

SEC. ". -erified application and bond for preliminary in"unction or temporary restraining order. * A preli"inar$ in1unction or te"porar$ restrainin& or%er "a$ #e &rante% onl$ 'hen)

(a) +he application in the action or procee%in& is verifie% an% sho's facts entitlin& the applicant to the relief %e"an%e%7 an%

(#) >nless e/e"pte% #$ the court the applicant files 'ith the court 'here the action or procee%in& is pen%in& a #on% e/ecute% to the part$ or person en1oine% in an a"ount to #e fi/e% #$ the court to the effect that the applicant 'ill pa$ to such part$ or person all %a"a&es 'hich he "a$ sustain #$ reason of the in1unction or te"porar$ restrainin& or%er if the court shoul% finall$ %eci%e that the applicant 'as not entitle% thereto, >pon approval of the re@uisite #on% a 'rit of preli"inar$ in1unction shall #e issue%, (3a)

(c) 8hen an application for a 'rit of preli"inar$ in1unction or a te"porar$ restrainin& or%er is inclu%e% in a co"plaint or an$ initiator$ plea%in& the case if file% in a "ultiple-sala court shall #e raffle% onl$ after notice to an% in the presence of the a%verse part$ or the person to #e en1oine%, In an$ event such notice shall #e prece%e% or conte"poraneousl$ acco"panie% #$ service of su""ons to&ether 'ith a cop$ of the co"plaint or initiator$ plea%in& an% the applicantFs affi%avit an% #on% upon the a%verse part$ in the Philippines,

?o'ever 'here the su""ons coul% not #e serve% personall$ or #$ su#stitute% service %espite %ili&ent efforts or the a%verse part$ is a resi%ent of the Philippines te"poraril$ a#sent therefro" or is a nonresi%ent thereof the re@uire"ent of prior or conte"poraneous service of su""ons shall not appl$,

(%) +he application for a te"porar$ restrainin& or%er shall thereafter #e acte% upon onl$ after all parties are hear% in a su""ar$ hearin& 'hich shall #e con%ucte% 'ithin t'ent$-four (03) hours after the sheriffs return of service an%Kor the recor%s are receive% #$ the #ranch selecte% #$ raffle an% to 'hich the recor%s shall #e trans"itte% i""e%iatel$,

SEC. #. $reliminary in"unction not granted without notice; e4ception.* Bo preli"inar$ in1unction shall #e &rante% 'ithout hearin& an% prior notice to the part$ or person sou&ht to #e en1oine%, If it shall

appear fro" facts sho'n #$ affi%avits or #$ the verifie% application that &reat or irrepara#le in1ur$ 'oul% result to the applicant #efore the "atter can #e hear% on notice the court to 'hich the application for preli"inar$ in1unction 'as "a%e "a$ issue e/ parte a te"porar$ restrainin& or%er to #e effective onl$ for a perio% of t'ent$ (00) %a$s fro" service on the part$ or person sou&ht to #e en1oine% e/cept as herein provi%e%, 8ithin the sai% t'ent$-%a$ perio% the court "ust or%er sai% part$ or person to sho' cause at a specifie% ti"e an% place 'h$ the in1unction shoul% not #e &rante% %eter"ine 'ithin the sa"e perio% 'hether or not the preli"inar$ in1unction shall #e &rante% an% accor%in&l$ issue the correspon%in& or%er,

?o'ever an% su#1ect to the provisions of the prece%in& sections if the "atter is of e/tre"e ur&enc$ an% the applicant 'ill suffer &rave in1ustice an% irrepara#le in1ur$ the e/ecutive 1u%&e of a "ultiple-sala court or the presi%in& 1u%&e of a sin&le-sala court "a$ issue e/ parte a te"porar$ restrainin& or%er effective for onl$ sevent$-t'o (70) hours fro" issuance #ut he shall i""e%iatel$ co"pl$ 'ith the provisions of the ne/t prece%in& section as to service of su""ons an% the %ocu"ents to #e serve% there'ith, +hereafter 'ithin the aforesai% sevent$-t'o (70) hours the 1u%&e #efore 'ho" the case is pen%in& shall con%uct a su""ar$ hearin& to %eter"ine 'hether the te"porar$ restrainin& or%er shall #e e/ten%e% until the application for preli"inar$ in1unction can #e hear%, In no case shall the total perio% of effectivit$ of the te"porar$ restrainin& or%er e/cee% t'ent$ (00) %a$s inclu%in& the ori&inal sevent$-t'o hours provi%e% herein,

In the event that the application for preli"inar$ in1unction is %enie% or not resolve% 'ithin the sai% perio% the te"porar$ restrainin& or%er is %ee"e% auto"aticall$ vacate%, +he effectivit$ of a te"porar$ restrainin& or%er is not e/ten%i#le 'ithout nee% of an$ 1u%icial %eclaration to that effect an% no court shall have authorit$ to e/ten% or rene' the sa"e on the sa"e &roun% for 'hich it 'as issue%,

?o'ever if issue% #$ the Court of Appeals or a "e"#er thereof the te"porar$ restrainin& or%er shall #e effective for si/t$ (50) %a$s fro" service on the part$ or person sou&ht to #e en1oine%, A restrainin& or%er issue% #$ the !upre"e Court or a "e"#er thereof shall #e effective until further or%ers, (5a)

SEC. $. ,rounds for ob"ection to, or for motion of dissolution of, in"unction or restraining order. * +he application for in1unction or restrainin& or%er "a$ #e %enie% upon a sho'in& of its insufficienc$, +he in1unction or restrainin& or%er "a$ also #e %enie% or if &rante% "a$ #e %issolve% on other &roun%s upon affi%avits of the part$ or person en1oine% 'hich "a$ #e oppose% #$ the applicant also #$ affi%avits, It "a$ further #e %enie% or if &rante% "a$ #e %issolve% if it appears after hearin& that althou&h the applicant is entitle% to the in1unction or restrainin& or%er the issuance or continuance thereof as the case "a$ #e 'oul% cause irrepara#le %a"a&e to the part$ or person en1oine% 'hile the applicant can #e full$ co"pensate% for such %a"a&es as he "a$ suffer an% the for"er files a #on% in an a"ount fi/e% #$ the court con%itione% that he 'ill pa$ all %a"a&es 'hich the applicant "a$ suffer #$ the %enial or the %issolution of the in1unction or restrainin& or%er, If it appears that the e/tent of the preli"inar$ in1unction or restrainin& or%er &rante% is too &reat it "a$ #e "o%ifie%, (5a)

SEC. 7. Service of copies of bonds; effect of disapproval of same.* +he part$ filin& a #on% in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of this -ule shall forth'ith serve a cop$ of such #on% on the other part$ 'ho "a$ e/cept to the sufficienc$ of the #on% or of the suret$ or sureties thereon, If the applicantFs #on% is foun% to #e insufficient in a"ount or if the suret$ or sureties thereon fail to 1ustif$ an% a #on% sufficient in a"ount 'ith sufficient sureties approve% after 1ustification is not file% forth'ith the in1unction shall #e %issolve%, If the #on% of the a%verse part$ is foun% to #e insufficient in a"ount or the suret$ or sureties thereon fail to 1ustif$ a #on% sufficient in a"ount 'ith sufficient sureties approve% after 1ustification is not file% forth'ith the in1unction shall #e &rante% or restore% as the case "a$ #e, (Aa)

SEC. 8. udgment to include damages against party and sureties * At the trial the a"ount of %a"a&es to #e a'ar%e% to either part$ upon the #on% of the a%verse part$ shall #e clai"e% ascertaine% an% a'ar%e% un%er the sa"e proce%ure prescri#e% in section 00 of -ule 57, (9a)

SEC. 9. #hen final in"unction granted.* If after the trial of the action it appears that the applicant is entitle% to have the act or acts co"plaine% of per"anentl$ en1oine% the court shall &rant a final in1unction perpetuall$ restrainin& the part$ or person en1oine% fro" the co""ission or continuance of the act or acts or confir"in& the preli"inar$ "an%ator$ in1unction, (10a)

RULE #9

RECEIVERSHIP

SECTION 1. (ppointment of receiver.* >pon a verifie% application one or "ore receivers of the propert$ su#1ect of the action or procee%in& "a$ #e appointe% #$ the court 'here the action is pen%in& or #$ the Court of Appeals or #$ the !upre"e Court or a "e"#er thereof in the follo'in& cases)

(a) 8hen it appears fro" the verifie% application an% such other proof as the court "a$ re@uire that the part$ appl$in& for the appoint"ent of a receiver has an interest in the propert$ or fun% 'hich is the su#1ect of the action or procee%in& an% that such propert$ or fun% is in %an&er of #ein& lost re"ove% or "ateriall$ in1ure% unless a receiver #e appointe% to a%"inister an% preserve it7

(#) 8hen it appears in an action #$ the "ort&a&ee for the foreclosure of a "ort&a&e that the propert$ is in %an&er of #ein& 'aste% or %issipate% or "ateriall$ in1ure% an% that its value is pro#a#l$ insufficient to %ischar&e the "ort&a&e %e#t or that the parties have so stipulate% in the contract of "ort&a&e7

(c) After 1u%&"ent to preserve the propert$ %urin& the pen%enc$ of an appeal or to %ispose of it accor%in& to the 1u%&"ent or to ai% e/ecution 'hen the e/ecution has #een returne% unsatisfie% or the 1u%&"ent o#li&or refuses to appl$ his propert$ in satisfaction of the 1u%&"ent or other'ise to carr$ the 1u%&"ent into effect7

(%) 8henever in other cases it appears that the appoint"ent of a receiver is the "ost convenient an% feasi#le "eans of preservin& a%"inisterin& or %isposin& of the propert$ in liti&ation,

Eurin& the pen%enc$ of an appeal the appellate court "a$ allo' an application for the appoint"ent of a receiver to #e file% in an% %eci%e% #$ the court of ori&in an% the receiver appointe% to #e su#1ect to the control of sai% court, (1a),

SEC. !. 1ond on appointment of receiver.* (efore issuin& the or%er appointin& a receiver the court shall re@uire the applicant to file a #on% e/ecute% to the part$ a&ainst 'ho" the application is presente% in an a"ount to #e fi/e% #$ the court to the effect that the applicant 'ill pa$ such part$ all %a"a&es he "a$ sustain #$ reason of the appoint"ent of such receiver in case the applicant shall have procure% such appoint"ent 'ithout sufficient cause7 an% the court "a$ in its %iscretion at an$ ti"e after the appoint"ent re@uire an a%%itional #on% as further securit$ for such %a"a&es, (4a)

SEC. 3. +enial of application or discharge of receiver.* +he application "a$ #e %enie% or the receiver %ischar&e% 'hen the a%verse part$ files a #on% e/ecute% to the applicant in an a"ount to #e fi/e% #$ the court to the effect that such part$ 'ill pa$ the applicant all %a"a&es he "a$ suffer #$ reason of the acts o"issions or other "atters specifie% hi the application as &roun% for such appoint"ent, +he receiver "a$ also #e %ischar&e% if it is sho'n that his appoint"ent 'as o#taine% 'ithout sufficient cause, (3a)

SEC. ". Oath and bond of receiver.* (efore enterin& upon his %uties the receiver shall #e s'orn to perfor" the" faithfull$ an% shall file a #on% e/ecute% to such person an% in such su" as the court "a$ %irect to the effect that he 'ill faithfull$ %ischar&e his %uties in the action or procee%in& an% o#e$ the or%ers of the court, (5a)

SEC. #. Service of copies of bonds; effect of disapproval of same.* +he person filin& a #on% in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of this -ule shall forth'ith serve a cop$ thereof on each intereste% part$ 'ho "a$ e/cept to its sufficienc$ or of the suret$ or sureties thereon, If either the applicant s or the receiverFs #on% is foun% to #e insufficient hi a"ount or if the suret$ or sureties thereon fail to 1ustif$ an% a #on% sufficient in a"ount 'ith sufficient sureties approve% after 1ustification is not file% forth'ith the application shall #e %enie% or the receiver %ischar&e% as the case "a$ #e, If #on% of the a%verse part$ is foun% to #e insufficient in a"ount or the suret$ or sureties thereon fail to 1ustif$ an% a #on% sufficient in a"ount 'ith sufficient sureties approve% after 1ustification is not file% forth'ith the receiver shall #e appointe% or re-appointe% as the case "a$ #e, (5a)

SEC. $. ,eneral powers of receiver.* !u#1ect to the control of the court in 'hich the action or procee%in& is pen%in& a receiver shall have the po'er to #rin& an% %efen% in such capacit$ actions in his o'n na"e7 to ta.e an% .eep possession of the propert$ in controvers$7 to receive rents7 to collect %e#ts %ue to hi"self as receiver or to the fun% propert$ estate person or corporation of 'hich he is the receiver7 to co"poun% for an% co"pro"ise the sa"e7 to "a.e transfers7 to pa$ outstan%in& %e#ts7 to %ivi%e the "one$ an% other propert$ that shall re"ain a"on& the persons le&all$ entitle% to receive the sa"e7 an% &enerall$ to %o such acts respectin& the propert$ as the court "a$ authori2e, ?o'ever fun%s in the han%s of a receiver "a$ #e investe% onl$ #$ or%er of the court upon the 'ritten consent of all the parties to the action, (7a)

Bo action "a$ #e file% #$ or a&ainst a receiver 'ithout leave of the court 'hich appointe% hi", (n)

SEC. 7. 7iability for refusal or neglect to deliver property to receiver.* A person 'ho refuses or ne&lects upon reasona#le %e"an% to %eliver to the receiver all the propert$ "one$ #oo.s %ee%s notes #ills %ocu"ents an% papers 'ithin his po'er or control su#1ect of or involve% in the action or procee%in& or in case of %isa&ree"ent as %eter"ine% an% or%ere% #$ the court "a$ #e punishe% for conte"pt an% shall #e lia#le to the receiver for the "one$ or the value of the propert$ an% other thin&s so refuse% or ne&lecte% to #e surren%ere% to&ether 'ith all %a"a&es that "a$ have #een sustaine% #$ the part$ or parties entitle% thereto as a conse@uence of such refusal or ne&lect, (n)

SEC. 8. Termination of receivership; compensation of receiver. * 8henever the court "otu proprio or on "otion of either part$ shall %eter"ine that the necessit$ for a receiver no lon&er e/ists it shall after %ue notice to all intereste% parties an% hearin& settle the accounts of the receiver %irect the %eliver$ of the fun%s an% other propert$ in his possession to the person a%1u%&e% to #e entitle% to receive the" an% or%er the %ischar&e of the receiver fro" further %ut$ as such, +he court shall allo' the receiver such reasona#le co"pensation as the circu"stances of the case 'arrant to #e ta/e% as costs a&ainst the %efeate% part$ or apportione% as 1ustice re@uires, (Aa)

SEC. 9. udgment to include recovery against sureties. * +he a"ount if an$ to #e a'ar%e% to an$

part$ upon an$ #on% file% in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of this -ule shall #e clai"e% ascertaine% an% &rante% un%er the sa"e proce%ure prescri#e% in section 00 of -ule 57, (9a)

RULE $0

REPLEVIN

SECTION 1. (pplication.* A part$ pra$in& for the recover$ of possession of personal propert$ "a$ at the co""ence"ent of the action or at an$ti"e #efore ans'er appl$ for an or%er for the %eliver$ of such propert$ to hi" in the "anner hereinafter provi%e%, (1a)

SEC. !. (ffidavit and bond.* +he applicant "ust sho' #$ his o'n affi%avit or that of so"e other person 'ho personall$ .no's the facts)

(a) +hat the applicant is the o'ner of the propert$ clai"e% particularl$ %escri#in& it or is entitle% to the possession thereof7

(#) +hat the propert$ is 'ron&full$ %etaine% #$ the a%verse part$ alle&in& the cause of %etention thereof accor%in& to the #est of his .no'le%&e infor"ation an% #elief7

(c) +hat the propert$ has not #een %istraine% or ta.en for a ta/ assess"ent or a fine pursuant to la' or sei2e% un%er a 'rit of e/ecution or preli"inar$ attach"ent or other'ise place% un%er custo%ia le&is or if so sei2e% that it is e/e"pt fro" such sei2ure or custo%$7 an%

(%) +he actual "ar.et value of the propert$,

+he applicant "ust also &ive a #on% e/ecute% to the a%verse part$ in %ou#le the value of the propert$ as state% in the affi%avit afore"entione% for the return of the propert$ to the a%verse part$ if such return #e a%1u%&e% an% for the pa$"ent to the a%verse part$ of such su" as he "a$ recover fro" the applicant in the action, (0a)

SEC. 3. Order.* >pon the filin& of such affi%avit an% approval of the #on% the court shall issue an or%er an% the correspon%in& 'rit of replevin %escri#in& the personal propert$ alle&e% to #e 'ron&full$ %etaine% an% re@uirin& the sheriff forth'ith to ta.e such propert$ into his custo%$, (4a)

SEC. ". +uty of the sheriff.* >pon receivin& such or%er the sheriff "ust serve a cop$ thereof on the a%verse part$ to&ether 'ith a cop$ of the application affi%avit an% #on% an% "ust forth'ith ta.e the propert$ if it #e in the possession of the a%verse part$ or his a&ent an% retain it in his custo%$, If the propert$ or an$ part thereof #e conceale% in a #uil%in& or enclosure the sheriff "ust %e"an% its %eliver$ an% if it #e not %elivere% he "ust cause the #uil%in& or enclosure to #e #ro.en open an% ta.e the propert$ into his possession, After the sheriff has ta.en possession of the properl$ as herein provi%e% he "ust .eep it in a secure place an% shall #e responsi#le for its %eliver$ to the part$ entitle% thereto upon receivin& his fees an% necessar$ e/penses for ta.in& an% .eepin& the sa"e, (3a)

SEC. #. Return of property.* If the a%verse part$ o#1ects to the sufficienc$ of the applicantFs #on% or of the suret$ or sureties thereon he cannot i""e%iatel$ re@uire the return of the propert$ #ut if he %oes not so o#1ect he "a$ at an$ ti"e #efore the %eliver$ of the propert$ to the applicant re@uire the return thereof #$ filin& 'ith the court 'here the action is pen%in& a #on% e/ecute% to the applicant in %ou#le the value of the propert$ as state% in the applicantFs affi%avit for the %eliver$ thereof to the applicant if such %eliver$ #e a%1u%&e% an% for the pa$"ent of such su" to hi" as "a$ #e recovere% a&ainst the a%verse part$ an% #$ servin& a cop$ of such #on% on the applicant, (5a)

SEC. $. +isposition of property by sheriff. * If 'ithin five (5) %a$s after the ta.in& of the propert$ #$ the sheriff the a%verse part$ %oes not o#1ect to the sufficienc$ of the #on% or of the suret$ or sureties thereon7 or if the a%verse part$ so o#1ects an% the court affir"s its approval of the applicantFs #on% or approves a ne' #on% or if the a%verse part$ re@uires the return of the propert$ #ut his #on% is o#1ecte% to an% foun% insufficient an% he %oes not forth'ith file an approve% #on% the propert$ shall #e %elivere% to the applicant, If for an$ reason the propert$ is not %elivere% to the applicant the sheriff "ust return it to the a%verse part$, (5a)

SEC. 7. $roceedings where property claimed by third person.* If the propert$ ta.en is clai"e% #$ an$ person other than the part$ a&ainst 'ho" the 'rit of replevin ha% #een issue% or his a&ent an% such person "a.es an affi%avit of his title thereto or ri&ht to the possession thereof statin& the &roun%s therefor an% serves such affi%avit upon the sheriff 'hile the latter has possession of the propert$ an% a cop$ thereof upon the applicant the sheriff shall not #e #oun% to .eep the propert$ un%er replevin or %eliver it to the applicant unless the applicant or his a&ent on %e"an% of sai% sheriff shall file a #on% approve% #$ the court to in%e"nif$ the thir%-part$ clai"ant in a su" not less than the value of the propert$ un%er replevin as provi%e% in section 0 hereof, In case of %isa&ree"ent as to such value the court shall %eter"ine the sa"e, Bo clai" for %a"a&es for the ta.in& or .eepin& of the propert$ "a$ #e

enforce% a&ainst the #on% unless the action therefor is file% 'ithin one hun%re% t'ent$ (100) %a$s fro" the %ate of the filin& of the #on%,

+he sheriff shall not #e lia#le for %a"a&es for the ta.in& or .eepin& of such propert$ to an$ such thir%part$ clai"ant if such #on% shall #e file%, Bothin& herein containe% shall prevent such clai"ant or an$ thir% person fro" vin%icatin& his clai" to the propert$ or prevent the applicant fro" clai"in& %a"a&es a&ainst a thir%-part$ clai"ant 'ho file% a frivolous or plainl$ spurious clai" in the sa"e or a separate action,

8hen the 'rit of replevin is issue% in favor of the -epu#lic of the Philippines or an$ officer %ul$ representin& it the filin& of such #on% shall not #e re@uire% an% in case the sheriff is sue% for %a"a&es as a result of the replevin he shall #e represente% #$ the !olicitor Deneral an% if hel% lia#le therefor the actual %a"a&es a%1u%&e% #$ the court shall #e pai% #$ the Bational +reasurer out of the fun%s to #e appropriate% for the purpose, (7a)

SEC. 8. Return of papers.* +he sheriff "ust file the or%er 'ith his procee%in&s in%orse% thereon 'ith the court 'ithin ten (10) %a$s after ta.in& the propert$ "entione% therein, (Aa)

SEC. 9. udgment.* After trial of the issues the court shall %eter"ine 'ho has the ri&ht of possession to an% the value of the propert$ an% shall ren%er 1u%&"ent in the alternative for the %eliver$ thereof to the part$ entitle% to the sa"e or for its value in case %eliver$ cannot #e "a%e an% also for such %a"a&es as either part$ "a$ prove 'ith costs, (9a)

SEC. 10. udgment to include recovery against sureties. * +he a"ount if an$ to #e a'ar%e% to an$ part$ upon an$ #on% file% in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of this -ule shall #e clai"e% ascertaine% an% &rante% un%er the sa"e proce%ure as prescri#e% in section 00 of -ule 57, (10a)

RULE $1

SUPPORT PENDENTE LITE

SECTION 1. (pplication.* At the co""ence"ent of the proper action or procee%in& or at an$ ti"e

prior to the 1u%&"ent or final or%er a verifie% application for support pen%ente life "a$ #e file% #$ an$ part$ statin& the &roun%s for the clai" an% the financial con%itions of #oth parties an% acco"panie% #$ affi%avits %epositions or other authentic %ocu"ents in support thereof, (1a)

SEC. !. Comment.* A cop$ of the application an% all supportin& %ocu"ents shall #e serve% upon the a%verse part$ 'ho shall have five (5) %a$s to co""ent thereon unless a %ifferent perio% is fi/e% #$ the court upon his "otion, +he co""ent shall #e verifie% an% shall #e acco"panie% #$ affi%avits %epositions or other authentic %ocu"ents in support thereof, (0a 4a)

SEC. 3. 2earing.* After the co""ent is file% or after the e/piration of the perio% for its filin& the application shall #e set for hearin& not "ore than three (4) %a$s thereafter, +he facts in issue shall #e prove% in the sa"e "anner as is provi%e% for evi%ence on "otions, (3a)

SEC. ". Order.* +he court shall %eter"ine provisionall$ the pertinent facts an% shall ren%er such or%ers as 1ustice an% e@uit$ "a$ re@uire havin& %ue re&ar% to the pro#a#le outco"e of the case an% such other circu"stances as "a$ ai% in the proper resolution of the @uestion involve%, If the application is &rante% the court shall fi/ the a"ount of "one$ to #e provisionall$ pai% or such other for"s of support as shoul% #e provi%e% ta.in& into account the necessities of the applicant an% the resources or "eans of the a%verse part$ an% the ter"s of pa$"ent or "o%e for provi%in& the support, If the application is %enie% the principal case shall #e trie% an% %eci%e% as earl$ as possi#le, (5a)

SEC. #. *nforcement of order.* If the a%verse part$ fails to co"pl$ 'ith an or%er &rantin& support pen%ente life the court shall "otu proprio or upon "otion issue an or%er of e/ecution a&ainst hi" 'ithout pre1u%ice to his lia#ilit$ for conte"pt, (5a)

8hen the person or%ere% to &ive support pen%ente lite refuses or fails to %o so an$ thir% person 'ho furnishe% that support to the applicant "a$ after %ue notice an% hearin& in the sa"e case o#tain a 'rit of e/ecution to enforce his ri&ht of rei"#urse"ent a&ainst the person or%ere% to provi%e such support, (n)

SEC. $. Support in criminal cases.* In cri"inal actions 'here the civil lia#ilit$ inclu%es support for the offsprin& as a conse@uence of the cri"e an% the civil aspect thereof has not #een 'aive% reserve% or institute% prior to its filin& the accuse% "a$ #e or%ere% to provi%e support pen%ente lite to the chil% #orn to the offen%e% part$ alle&e%l$ #ecause of the cri"e, +he application therefor "a$ #e file% successivel$ #$ the offen%e% part$ her parents &ran%parents or &uar%ian an% the !tate in the correspon%in& cri"inal case %urin& its pen%enc$ in accor%ance 'ith the proce%ure esta#lishe% un%er this -ule, (n)

SEC. 7. Restitution.* 8hen the 1u%&"ent or final or%er of the court fin%s that the person 'ho has #een provi%in& support pen%ente lite is not lia#le therefor it shall or%er the recipient thereof to return to the for"er the a"ounts alrea%$ pai% 'ith le&al interest fro" the %ates of actual pa$"ent 'ithout pre1u%ice to the ri&ht of the recipient to o#tain rei"#urse"ent in a separate action fro" the person le&all$ o#li&e% to &ive the support, !houl% the recipient fail to rei"#urse sai% a"ounts the person 'ho provi%e% the sa"e "a$ li.e'ise see. rei"#urse"ent thereof in a separate action fro" the person le&all$ o#li&e% to &ive such support, (n)

SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS

RULE $!

INTERPLEADER

SECTION 1. #hen interpleader proper.* 8henever conflictin& clai"s upon the sa"e su#1ect "atter are or "a$ #e "a%e a&ainst a person 'ho clai"s no interest 'hatever in the su#1ect "atter or an interest 'hich in 'hole or in part is not %ispute% #$ the clai"ants he "a$ #rin& an action a&ainst the conflictin& clai"ants to co"pel the" to interplea% an% liti&ate their several clai"s a"on& the"selves, (1a -54)

SEC. !. Order.* >pon the filin& of the co"plaint the court shall issue an or%er re@uirin& the conflictin& clai"ants to interplea% 'ith one another, If the interests of 1ustice so re@uire the court "a$ %irect in such or%er that the su#1ect "atter #e pai% or %elivere% to the court, (0a -54)

SEC. 3. Summons.* !u""ons shall #e serve% upon the conflictin& clai"ants to&ether 'ith a cop$ of the co"plaint an% or%er, (4 -54)

SEC. ". !otion to dismiss.* 8ithin the ti"e for filin& an ans'er each clai"ant "a$ file a "otion to %is"iss on the &roun% of i"propriet$ of the interplea%er action or on other appropriate &roun%s specifie% in -ule 15, +he perio% to file the ans'er shall #e tolle% an% if the "otion is %enie% the "ovant "a$ file his ans'er 'ithin the re"ainin& perio% #ut 'hich shall not #e less than five (5) %a$s

in an$ event rec.one% fro" notice of %enial, (n)

SEC. #. (nswer and other pleadings.* 6ach clai"ant shall file his ans'er settin& forth his clai" 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s fro" service of the su""ons upon hi" servin& a cop$ thereof upon each of the other conflictin& clai"ants 'ho "a$ file their repl$ thereto as provi%e% #$ these -ules, If an$ clai"ant fails to plea% 'ithin the ti"e herein fi/e% the court "a$ on "otion %eclare hi" in %efault an% thereafer ren%er 1u%&"ent #arrin& hi" fro" an$ clai" in respect to the su#1ect "atter,

+he parties in an interplea%er action "a$ file counterclai"s cross-clai"s thir%-part$ co"plaints an% responsive plea%in&s thereto as provi%e% #$ these -ules, (3a -54)

SEC. $. +etermination.* After the plea%in&s of the conflictin& clai"ants have #een file% an% pre-trial has #een con%ucte% in accor%ance 'ith the -ules the court shall procee% to %eter"ine their respective ri&hts an% a%1u%icate their several clai"s, (5a -54)

SEC. 7. +oc)et and other lawful fees, costs and litigation e4penses as liens.* +he %oc.et an% other la'ful fees pai% #$ the part$ 'ho file% a co"plaint un%er this -ule as 'ell as the costs an% liti&ation e/penses shall constitute a lien or char&e upon the su#1ect "atter of the action unless the court shall or%er other'ise, (5a -54)

RULE $3

DECLARATOR RELIEF AND SIMILAR REMEDIES

SECTION 1. #ho may file petition.* An$ person intereste% un%er a %ee% 'ill contract or other 'ritten instru"ent 'hose ri&hts are affecte% #$ a statute e/ecutive or%er or re&ulation or%inance or an$ other &overn"ental re&ulation "a$ #efore #reach or violation thereof #rin& an action in the appropriate -e&ional +rial Court to %eter"ine an$ @uestion of construction or vali%it$ arisin& an% for a %eclaration of his ri&hts or %uties thereun%er,

An action for the refor"ation of an instru"ent to @uiet title to real propert$ or re"ove clou%s therefro" or to consoli%ate o'nership un%er Article 1507 of the Civil Co%e "a$ #e #rou&ht un%er this

-ule, (1a -53)

SEC. !. $arties.* All persons 'ho have or clai" an$ interest 'hich 'oul% #e affecte% #$ the %eclaration shall #e "a%e parties7 an% no %eclaration shall e/cept as other'ise provi%e% in these -ules pre1u%ice the ri&hts of persons not parties to the action, (0a -53)

SEC. 3. %otice on Solicitor ,eneral.* In an$ action 'hich involves the vali%it$ of a statute e/ecutive or%er or re&ulation or an$ other &overn"ental re&ulation the !olicitor Deneral shall #e notifie% #$ the part$ assailin& the sa"e an% shall #e entitle% to #e hear% upon such @uestion, (4a -53)

SEC. ". 7ocal government ordinances.* In an$ action involvin& the vali%it$ of a local &overn"ent or%inance the correspon%in& prosecutor or attorne$ of the local &overn"ental unit involve% shall #e si"ilarl$ notifie% an% entitle% to #e hear%, If such or%inance is alle&e% to #e unconstitutional the !olicitor Deneral shall also #e notifie% an% entitle% to #e hear%, (3a -53)

SEC. #. Court action discretionary.* 6/cept in actions fallin& un%er the secon% para&raph of section 1 of this -ule the court "otu proprio or upon "otion "a$ refuse to e/ercise the po'er to %eclare ri&hts an% to construe instru"ents in an$ case 'here a %ecision 'oul% not ter"inate the uncertaint$ or controvers$ 'hich &ave rise to the action or in an$ case 'here the %eclaration or construction is not necessar$ an% proper un%er the circu"stances, (5a -53)

SEC. $. Conversion into ordinary action.* If #efore the final ter"ination of the case a #reach or violation of an instru"ent or a statute e/ecutive or%er or re&ulation or%inance or an$ other &overn"ental re&ulation shoul% ta.e place the action "a$ thereupon #e converte% into an or%inar$ action an% the parties shall #e allo'e% to file such plea%in&s as "a$ #e necessar$ or proper, (5a -53)

RULE $"

REVIE& OF 'UDGMENTS AND

FINAL ORDERS OR RESOLUTIONS

OF THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS AND

THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT

SECTION 1. Scope. * +his -ule shall &overn the revie' of 1u%&"ents an% final or%ers or resolutions of the Co""ission on 6lections an% the Co""ission on Au%it, (n)

SEC. !. !ode of review.* A 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution of the the Co""ission on 6lections an% the Co""ission on Au%it "a$ #e #rou&ht #$ the a&&rieve% part$ to the !upre"e Court on certiorari un%er -ule 55 e/cept as hereinafter provi%e%, (n)

SEC. 3. Time to file petition. * +he petition shall #e file% 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s fro" notice of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution sou&ht to #e revie'e%, +he filin& of a "otion for ne' trial or reconsi%eration of sai% 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution if allo'e% un%er the proce%ural rules of the Co""ission concerne% shall interrupt the perio% herein fi/e%, If the "otion is %enie% the a&&rieve% part$ "a$ file the petition 'ithin the re"ainin& perio% #ut 'hich shall not #e less than five (5) %a$s in an$ event rec.one% fro" notice of %enial, (n)

SEC. ". +oc)et and other lawful fees.* >pon the filin& of the petition the petitioner shall pa$ to the cler. of court the %oc.et an% other la'ful fees an% %eposit the a"ount of P500,00 for costs, (n)

SEC. #. 3orm and contents of petition. * +he petition shall #e verifie% an% file% in ei&hteen (1A) le&i#le copies, +he petition shall na"e the a&&rieve% part$ as petitioner an% shall 1oin as respon%ents the Co""ission concerne% an% the person or persons intereste% in sustainin& the 1u%&"ent final or%er or resolution a @uo, +he petition shall state the facts 'ith certaint$ present clearl$ the issues involve% set forth the &roun%s an% #rief ar&u"ents relie% upon for revie' an% pra$ for 1u%&"ent annullin& or "o%if$in& the @uestione% 1u%&"ent final or%er or resolution, Cin%in&s of fact of the Co""ission supporte% #$ su#stantial evi%ence shall #e final an% non-revie'a#le,

+he petition shall #e acco"panie% #$ a clearl$ le&i#le %uplicate ori&inal or certifie% true cop$ of the 1u%&"ent final or%er or resolution su#1ect thereof to&ether 'ith certifie% true copies of such "aterial portions of the recor% as are referre% to therein an% other %ocu"ents relevant an% pertinent thereto, +he re@uisite nu"#er of copies of the petition shall contain plain copies of all %ocu"ents attache% to the

ori&inal cop$ of sai% petition,

+he petition shall state the specific "aterial %ates sho'in& that it 'as file% 'ithin the perio% fi/e% herein an% h shall contain a s'orn certification a&ainst foru" shoppin& as provi%e% in the thir% para&raph of section 4 -ule 35,

+he petition shall further #e acco"panie% #$ proof of service of a cop$ thereof on the Co""ission concerne% an% on the a%verse part$ an% of the ti"el$ pa$"ent of %oc.et an% other la'ful fees,

+he failure of petitioner to co"pl$ 'ith an$ of the fore&oin& re@uire"ents shall #e sufficient &roun% for the %is"issal of the petition, (n)

SEC. $. Order to comment.* If the !upre"e Court fin%s the petition sufficient in for" an% su#stance it shall or%er the respon%ents to file their co""ents on the petition 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" notice thereof7 other'ise the Court "a$ %is"iss the petition outri&ht, +he Court "a$ also %is"iss the petition if it 'as file% "anifestl$ for %ela$ or the @uestions raise% are too unsu#stantial to 'arrant further procee%in&s, (n)

SEC. 7. Comments of respondents.* +he co""ents of the respon%ents shall #e file% in ei&hteen (1A) le&i#le copies, +he ori&inal shall #e acco"panie% #$ certifie% true copies of such "aterial portions of the recor% as are referre% to therein to&ether 'ith other supportin& papers, +he re@uisite nu"#er of copies of the co""ents shall contain plain copies of all %ocu"ents attache% to the ori&inal an% a cop$ thereof shall #e serve% on the petitioner,

Bo other plea%in& "a$ #e file% #$ an$ part$ unless re@uire% or allo'e% #$ the Court, (n)

SEC. 8. *ffect of filing.* +he filin& of a petition for certiorari shall not sta$ the e/ecution of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er or resolution sou&ht to #e revie'e% unless the !upre"e Court shall %irect other'ise upon such ter"s as it "a$ %ee" 1ust, (n)

SEC. 9. Submission for decision.* >nless the Court sets the case for oral ar&u"ent or re@uires the parties to su#"it "e"oran%a the case shall #e %ee"e% su#"itte% for %ecision upon the filin& of the co""ents on the petition or of such other plea%in&s or papers as "a$ #e re@uire% or allo'e% or the

e/piration of the perio% to %o so, (n)

RULE $#

CERTIORARI, PROHIBITION AND MANDAMUS

SECTION 1. $etition for certiorari.* 8hen an$ tri#unal #oar% or officer e/ercisin& 1u%icial or @uasi-1u%icial functions has acte% 'ithout or in e/cess of its or his 1uris%iction or 'ith &rave a#use of %iscretion a"ountin& to lac. or e/cess of 1uris%iction an% there is no appeal or an$ plain spee%$ an% a%e@uate re"e%$ in the or%inar$ course of la' a person a&&rieve% there#$ "a$ file a verifie% petition in the proper court alle&in& the facts 'ith certaint$ an% pra$in& that 1u%&"ent #e ren%ere% annullin& or "o%if$in& the procee%in&s of such tri#unal #oar% or officer an% &rantin& such inci%ental reliefs as la' an% 1ustice "a$ re@uire,

+he petition shall #e acco"panie% #$ a certifie% true cop$ of the 1u%&"ent or%er or resolution su#1ect thereof copies of all plea%in&s an% %ocu"ents relevant an% pertinent thereto an% a s'orn certification of non-foru" shoppin& as provi%e% in the thir% para&raph of section 4 -ule 35, (1a)

SEC. !. $etition for prohibition.* 8hen the procee%in&s of an$ tri#unal corporation #oar% officer or person 'hether e/ercisin& 1u%icial @uasi-1u%icial or "inisterial functions are 'ithout or in e/cess of its or his 1uris%iction or 'ith &rave a#use of %iscretion a"ountin& to lac. or e/cess of 1uris%iction an% there is no appeal or an$ other plain spee%$ an% a%e@uate re"e%$ in the or%inar$ course of la' a person a&&rieve% there#$ "a$ file a verifie% petition in the proper court alle&in& the facts 'ith certaint$ an% pra$in& that 1u%&"ent #e ren%ere% co""an%in& the respon%ent to %esist fro" further procee%in&s in the action or "atter specifie% therein or other'ise &rantin& such inci%ental reliefs as la' an% 1ustice "a$ re@uire,

+he petition shall li.e'ise #e acco"panie% #$ a certifie% true cop$ of the 1u%&"ent or%er or resolution su#1ect thereof copies of all plea%in&s an% %ocu"ents relevant an% pertinent thereto an% a s'orn certification of non-foru" shoppin& as provi%e% in the thir% para&raph of section 4 -ule 35, (0a)

SEC. 3. $etition for mandamus.* 8hen an$ tri#unal corporation #oar% officer or person unla'full$ ne&lects the perfor"ance of an act 'hich the la' specificall$ en1oins as a %ut$ resultin& fro" an office trust or station or unla'full$ e/clu%es another fro" the use an% en1o$"ent of a ri&ht or office to

'hich such other is entitle% an% there is no other plain spee%$ an% a%e@uate re"e%$ in the or%inar$ course of la' the person a&&rieve% there#$ "a$ file a verifie% petition in the proper court alle&in& the facts 'ith certaint$ an% pra$in& that 1u%&"ent #e ren%ere% co""an%in& the respon%ent i""e%iatel$ or at so"e other ti"e to #e specifie% #$ the court to %o the act re@uire% to #e %one to protect the ri&hts of the petitioner an% to pa$ the %a"a&es sustaine% #$ the petitioner #$ reason of the 'ron&ful acts of the respon%ent,

+he petition shall also contain a s'orn certification of non-foru" shoppin& as provi%e% in the thir% para&raph of section 4 -ule 35, (4a)

SEC. ". #here petition filed.* +he petition "a$ #e file% not later than si/t$ (50) %a$s fro" notice of the 1u%&"ent or%er or resolution sou&ht to #e assaile% in the !upre"e Court or if it relates to the acts or o"issions of a lo'er court or of a corporation #oar% officer or person in the -e&ional +rial Court e/ercisin& 1uris%iction over the territorial area as %efine% #$ the !upre"e Court, It "a$ also #e file% in the Court of Appeals 'hether or not the sa"e is in ai% of its appellate 1uris%iction or in the !an%i&an#a$an if it is in ai% of its 1uris%iction, If it involves the acts or o"issions of a @uasi-1u%icial a&enc$ an% unless other'ise provi%e% #$ la' or these -ules the petition shall #e file% in an% co&ni2a#le onl$ #$ the Court of Appeals, (3a)

SEC. #. Respondents and costs in certain cases. * 8hen the petition file% relates to the acts or o"issions of a 1u%&e court @uasi-1u%icial a&enc$ tri#unal corporation #oar% officer or person the petitioner shall 1oin as private respon%ent or respon%ents 'ith such pu#lic respon%ent or respon%ents the person or persons intereste% in sustainin& the procee%in&s in the court7 an% it shall #e the %ut$ of such private respon%ents to appear an% %efen% #oth in his or their o'n #ehalf an% in #ehalf of the pu#lic respon%ent or respon%ents affecte% #$ the procee%in&s an% the costs a'ar%e% in such procee%in&s in favor of the petitioner shall #e a&ainst the private respon%ents onl$ an% not a&ainst the 1u%&e court @uasi-1u%icial a&enc$ tri#unal corporation #oar% officer or person i"plea%e% as pu#lic respon%ent or respon%ents,

>nless other'ise specificall$ %irecte% #$ the court 'here the petition is pen%in& the pu#lic respon%ents shall not appear in or file an ans'er or co""ent to the petition or an$ plea%in& therein, If the case is elevate% to a hi&her court #$ either part$ the pu#lic respon%ents shall #e inclu%e% therein as no"inal parties, ?o'ever unless other'ise specificall$ %irecte% #$ the court the$ shall not appear or participate in the procee%in&s therein, (5a)

SEC. $. Order to comment * If the petition is sufficient in for" an% su#stance to 1ustif$ such process the court shall issue an or%er re@uirin& the respon%ent or respon%ents to co""ent on the petition 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" receipt of a cop$ thereof, !uch or%er shall #e serve% on the respon%ents in such "anner as the court "a$ %irect to&ether 'ith a cop$ of the petition an% an$ anne/es thereto,

In petitions for certiorari #efore the !upre"e Court an% the Court of Appeals the provisions of section 0 -ule 55 shall #e o#serve%, (efore &ivin& %ue course thereto the court "a$ re@uire the respon%ents to file their co""ent to an% not a "otion to %is"iss the petition, +hereafter the court "a$ re@uire the filin& of a repl$ an% such other responsive or other plea%in&s as it "a$ %ee" necessar$ an% proper, (5a)

SEC. 7. *4pediting proceedings; in"unctive relief.* +he court in 'hich the petition is file% "a$ issue or%ers e/pe%itin& the procee%in&s an% it "a$ also &rant a te"porar$ restrainin& or%er or a 'rit of preli"inar$ in1unction for the preservation of the ri&hts of the parties pen%in& such procee%in&s, +he petition shall not interrupt the course of the principal case unless a te"porar$ restrainin& or%er or a 'rit of preli"inar$ in1unction has #een issue% a&ainst the pu#lic respon%ent fro" further procee%in& in the case, (7a)

SEC. 8. $roceedings after comment is filed. * After the co""ent or other plea%in&s re@uire% #$ the court are file% or the ti"e for the filin& thereof has e/pire% the court "a$ hear the case or re@uire the parties to su#"it "e"oran%a, If after such hearin& or su#"ission of "e"oran%a or the e/piration of the perio% for the filin& thereof the court fin%s that the alle&ations of the petition are true it shall ren%er 1u%&"ent for the relief pra$e% for or to 'hich the petitioner is entitle%,

+he court ho'ever "a$ %is"iss the petition if it fin%s the sa"e to #e patentl$ 'ithout "erit prosecute% "anifestl$ for %ela$ or that the @uestions raise% therein are too unsu#stantial to re@uire consi%eration, (Aa)

SEC. 9. Service and enforcement of order or "udgment.* A certifie% cop$ of the 1u%&"ent ren%ere% in accor%ance 'ith the last prece%in& section shall #e serve% upon the court @uasi-1u%icial a&enc$ tri#unal corporation #oar% officer or person concerne% in such "anner as the court "a$ %irect an% %iso#e%ience thereto shall #e punishe% as conte"pt, An e/ecution "a$ issue for an$ %a"a&es or costs a'ar%e% in accor%ance 'ith section 1 of -ule 49, (9a)

RULE $$

8UO &ARRANTO

SECTION 1. (ction by ,overnment against individuals.* An action for the usurpation of a pu#lic office position or franchise "a$ #e co""ence% #$ a verifie% petition #rou&ht in the na"e of the -epu#lic of the Philippines a&ainst)

(a) A person 'ho usurps intru%es into or unla'full$ hol%s or e/ercises a pu#lic office position or franchise7

(#) A pu#lic officer 'ho %oes or suffers an act 'hich -#$ the provision of la' constitutes a &roun% for the forfeiture of his office7 or

(c) An association 'hich acts as a corporation 'ithin the Philippines 'ithout #ein& le&all$ incorporate% or 'ithout la'ful authorit$ so to act, (1a)

SEC. !. #hen Solicitor ,eneral or public prosecutor must commence action.* +he !olicitor Deneral or a pu#lic prosecutor 'hen %irecte% #$ the Presi%ent of the Philippines or 'hen upon co"plaint or other'ise he has &oo% reason to #elieve that an$ case specifie% in the prece%in& section can #e esta#lishe% #$ proof "ust co""ence such action, (4a)

SEC. 3. #hen Solicitor ,eneral or public prosecutor may commence action with permission of court.* +he !olicitor Deneral or a pu#lic prosecutor "a$ 'ith the per"ission of the court in 'hich the action is to #e co""ence% #rin& such an action at the re@uest an% upon the relation of another person7 #ut in such case the officer #rin&in& it "a$ first re@uire an in%e"nit$ for the e/penses an% costs of the action in an a"ount approve% #$ an% to #e %eposite% in the court #$ the person at 'hose re@uest an% upon 'hose relation the sa"e is #rou&ht, (3a)

SEC. ". #hen hearing had on application for permission to commence action.* >pon application for per"ission to co""ence such action in accor%ance 'ith the ne/t prece%in& section the court shall %irect that notice #e &iven to the respon%ent so that he "a$ #e hear% in opposition thereto7 an% if per"ission is &rante% the court shall issue an or%er to that effect copies of 'hich shall #e serve% on all intereste% parties an% the petition shall then #e file% 'ithin the perio% or%ere% #$ the court, (5a)

SEC. #. #hen an individual may commence such an action.* A person clai"in& to #e entitle% to a pu#lic office or position usurpe% or unla'full$ hel% or e/ercise% #$ another "a$ #rin& an action therefor in his o'n na"e, (5)

SEC. $. $arties and contents of petition against usurpation.* 8hen the action is a&ainst a person for usurpin& a pu#lic office position or franchise the petition shall set forth the na"e of the person 'ho clai"s to #e entitle% thereto if an$ 'ith an aver"ent of his ri&ht to the sa"e an% that the respon%ent is unla'full$ in possession thereof, All persons 'ho clai" to #e entitle% to the pu#lic office position or franchise "a$ #e "a%e parties an% their respective ri&hts to such pu#lic office position or franchise %eter"ine% in the sa"e action, (7a)

SEC. 7. -enue.* An action un%er the prece%in& si/ sections can #e #rou&ht onl$ in the !upre"e Court the Court of Appeals or in the -e&ional +rial Court e/ercisin& 1uris%iction over the territorial area 'here the respon%ent or an$ of the respon%ents resi%es #ut 'hen the !olicitor Deneral co""ences the action it "a$ #e #rou&ht in a -e&ional +rial Court in the Cit$ of 9anila in the Court of Appeals or in the !upre"e Court, (Aa)

SEC. 8. $eriod for pleadings and proceedings may be reduced; action given precedence.* +he court "a$ re%uce the perio% provi%e% #$ these -ules for filin& plea%in&s an% for all other procee%in&s in the action in or%er to secure the "ost e/pe%itious %eter"ination of the "atters involve% therein consistent 'ith the ri&hts of the parties, !uch action "a$ #e &iven prece%ence over an$ other civil "atter pen%in& in the court, (9a)

SEC. 9. udgment where usurpation found.* 8hen the respon%ent is foun% &uilt$ of usurpin& intru%in& into or unla'full$ hol%in& or e/ercisin& a pu#lic office position or franchise 1u%&"ent shall #e ren%ere% that such respon%ent #e ouste% an% alto&ether e/clu%e% therefro" an% that the petitioner or relator as the case "a$ #e recover his costs, !uch further 1u%&"ent "a$ #e ren%ere% %eter"inin& the respective ri&hts in an% to the pu#lic office position or franchise of all the parties to the action as 1ustice re@uires, (10a)

SEC. 10. Rights of persons ad"udged entitled to public office; delivery of boo)s and papers; damages. * If 1u%&"ent #e ren%ere% in favor of the person averre% in the co"plaint to #e entitle% to the pu#lic office he "a$ after ta.in& the oath of office an% e/ecutin& an$ official #on% re@uire% #$ la' ta.e upon hi"self the e/ecution of the office an% "a$ i""e%iatel$ thereafter %e"an% of the respon%ent all the #oo.s an% papers in the respon%entFs custo%$ or control appertainin& to the office to 'hich the 1u%&"ent relates, If the respon%ent refuses or ne&lects to %eliver an$ #oo. or paper pursuant to such %e"an% he "a$ #e punishe% for conte"pt as havin& %iso#e$e% a la'ful or%er of the court, +he person a%1u%&e% entitle% to the office "a$ also #rin& action a&ainst the respon%ent to recover the %a"a&es sustaine% #$ such person #$ reason of the usurpation, (15a)

SEC. 11. 7imitations.* Bothin& containe% in this -ule shall #e construe% to authori2e an action a&ainst a pu#lic officer or e"plo$ee for his ouster fro" office unless the sa"e #e co""ence% 'ithin one (1) $ear after the cause of such ouster or the ri&ht of the petitioner to hol% such office or position arose7 nor to authori2e an action for %a"a&es in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of the ne/t prece%in& section unless the sa"e #e co""ence% 'ithin one (1) $ear after the entr$ of the 1u%&"ent esta#lishin& the petitionerFs ri&ht to the office in @uestion, (15a)

SEC. 1!. udgment for costs.* In an action #rou&ht in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of this -ule the court "a$ ren%er 1u%&"ent for costs a&ainst either the petitioner the relator or the respon%ent or the person or persons clai"in& to #e a corporation or "a$ apportion the costs as 1ustice re@uires, (17a)

RULE $7

E0PROPRIATION

SECTION 1. The complaint.* +he ri&ht of e"inent %o"ain shall #e e/ercise% #$ the filin& of a verifie% co"plaint 'hich shall state 'ith certaint$ the ri&ht an% purpose of e/propriation %escri#e the real or personal propert$ sou&ht to #e e/propriate% an% 1oin as %efen%ants all persons o'nin& or clai"in& to o'n or occup$in& an$ part thereof or interest therein sho'in& so far as practica#le the separate interest of each %efen%ant, If the title to an$ propert$ sou&ht to #e e/propriate% appears to #e in the -epu#lic of the Philippines althou&h occupie% #$ private in%ivi%uals or if the title is other'ise o#scure or %ou#tful so that the plaintiff cannot 'ith accurac$ or certaint$ specif$ 'ho are the real o'ners aver"ent to that effect shall #e "a%e in the co"plaint, (1a)

SEC. !. *ntry of plaintiff upon depositing value with authori5ed government depositary.* >pon the filin& of the co"plaint or at an$ ti"e thereafter an% after %ue notice to the %efen%ant the plaintiff shall have the ri&ht to ta.e or enter upon the possession of the real propert$ involve% if he %eposits 'ith the authori2e% &overn"ent %epositar$ an a"ount e@uivalent to the assesse% value of the propert$ for purposes of ta/ation to #e hel% #$ such #an. su#1ect to the or%ers of the court, !uch %eposit shall #e in "one$ unless in lieu thereof the court authori2es the %eposit of a certificate of %eposit of a &overn"ent #an. of the -epu#lic of the Philippines pa$a#le on %e"an% to the authori2e% &overn"ent %epositar$,

If personal propert$ is involve% its value shall #e provisionall$ ascertaine% an% the a"ount to #e %eposite% shall #e pro"ptl$ fi/e% #$ the court,

After such %eposit is "a%e the court shall or%er the sheriff or other proper officer to forth'ith place the plaintiff in possession of the propert$ involve% an% pro"ptl$ su#"it a report thereof to the court 'ith service of copies to the parties, (0a)

SEC. 3. +efenses and ob"ections.* If a %efen%ant has no o#1ection or %efense to the action or the ta.in& of his propert$ he "a$ file an% serve a notice of appearance an% a "anifestation to that effect specificall$ %esi&natin& or i%entif$in& the propert$ in 'hich he clai"s to #e intereste% 'ithin the ti"e state% in the su""ons, +hereafter he shall #e entitle% to notice of all procee%in&s affectin& the sa"e,

If a %efen%ant has an$ o#1ection to the filin& of or the alle&ations in the co"plaint or an$ o#1ection or %efense to the ta.in& of his propert$ he shall serve his ans'er 'ithin the ti"e state% in the su""ons, +he ans'er shall specificall$ %esi&nate or i%entif$ the propert$ in 'hich he clai"s to have an interest state the nature an% e/tent of the interest clai"e% an% a%%uce all his o#1ections an% %efenses to the ta.in& of his propert$, Bo counterclai" cross-clai" or thir%-part$ co"plaint shall #e alle&e% or allo'e% in the ans'er or an$ su#se@uent plea%in&,

A %efen%ant 'aives all %efenses an% o#1ections not so alle&e% #ut the court in the interest of 1ustice "a$ per"it a"en%"ents to the ans'er to #e "a%e not later than ten (10) %a$s fro" the filin& thereof, ?o'ever at the trial of the issue of 1ust co"pensation 'hether or not a %efen%ant has previousl$ appeare% or ans'ere% he "a$ present evi%ence as to the a"ount of the co"pensation to #e pai% for his propert$ an% he "a$ share in the %istri#ution of the a'ar%, (n)

SEC. ". Order of e4propriation.* If the o#1ections to an% the %efenses a&ainst the ri&ht of the plaintiff to e/propriate the propert$ are overrule% or 'hen no part$ appears to %efen% as re@uire% #$ this -ule the court "a$ issue an or%er of e/propriation %eclarin& that the plaintiff has a la'ful ri&ht to ta.e the propert$ sou&ht to #e e/propriate% for the pu#lic use or purpose %escri#e% in the co"plaint upon the pa$"ent of 1ust co"pensation to #e %eter"ine% as of the %ate of the ta.in& of the propert$ or the filin& of the co"plaint 'hichever ca"e first

A final or%er sustainin& the ri&ht to e/propriate the propert$ "a$ #e appeale% #$ an$ part$ a&&rieve% there#$, !uch appeal ho'ever shall not prevent the court fro" %eter"inin& the 1ust co"pensation to #e pai%,

After the ren%ition of such an or%er the plaintiff shall not #e per"itte% to %is"iss or %iscontinue the procee%in& e/cept on such ter"s as the court %ee"s 1ust an% e@uita#le, (3a)

SEC. #. (scertainment of compensation.* >pon the ren%ition of the or%er of e/propriation the court shall appoint not "ore than three (4) co"petent an% %isintereste% persons as co""issioners to ascertain an% report to the court the 1ust co"pensation for the propert$ sou&ht to #e ta.en, +he or%er of appoint"ent shall %esi&nate the ti"e an% place of the first session of the hearin& to #e hel% #$ the co""issioners an% specif$ the ti"e 'ithin 'hich their report shall #e su#"itte% to the court,

Copies of the or%er shall #e serve% on the parties, :#1ections to the appoint"ent of an$ of the co""issioners shall #e file% 'ith the court 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" service an% shall #e resolve% 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s after all the co""issioners shall have receive% copies of the o#1ections, (5a)

SEC. $. $roceedings by commissioners.* (efore enterin& upon the perfor"ance of their %uties the co""issioners shall ta.e an% su#scri#e an oath that the$ 'ill faithfull$ perfor" their %uties as co""issioners 'hich oath shall #e file% in court 'ith the other procee%in&s in the case, 6vi%ence "a$ #e intro%uce% #$ either part$ #efore the co""issioners 'ho are authori2e% to a%"inister oaths on hearin&s #efore the" an% the co""issioners shall unless the parties consent to the contrar$ after %ue notice to the parties to atten% vie' an% e/a"ine the propert$ sou&ht to #e e/propriate% an% its surroun%in&s an% "a$ "easure the sa"e after 'hich either part$ "a$ #$ hi"self or counsel ar&ue the case, +he co""issioners shall assess the conse@uential %a"a&es to the propert$ not ta.en an% %e%uct fro" such conse@uential %a"a&es the conse@uential #enefits to #e %erive% #$ the o'ner fro" the pu#lic use or purpose of the propert$ ta.en the operation of its franchise #$ the corporation or the carr$in& on of the #usiness of the corporation or person ta.in& the propert$, (ut in no case shall the conse@uential #enefits assesse% e/cee% the conse@uential %a"a&es assesse% or the o'ner #e %eprive% of the actual value of his propert$ so ta.en, (5a)

SEC. 7. Report by commissioners and "udgment thereupon. * +he court "a$ or%er the co""issioners to report 'hen an$ particular portion of the real estate shall have #een passe% upon #$ the" an% "a$ ren%er 1u%&"ent upon such partial report an% %irect the co""issioners to procee% 'ith their 'or. as to su#se@uent portions of the propert$ sou&ht to #e e/propriate% an% "a$ fro" ti"e to ti"e so %eal 'ith such propert$, +he co""issioners shall "a.e a full an% accurate report to the court of all their procee%in&s an% such procee%in&s shall not #e effectual until the court shall have accepte% their report an% ren%ere% 1u%&"ent in accor%ance 'ith their reco""en%ations 6/cept as other'ise e/pressl$ or%ere% #$ the court such report shall #e file% 'ithin si/t$ (50) %a$s fro" the %ate the co""issioners 'ere notifie% of their appoint"ent 'hich ti"e "a$ #e e/ten%e% in the %iscretion of the court, >pon the filin& of such report the cler. of the court shall serve copies thereof on all intereste% parties 'ith notice that the$ are allo'e% ten (10) %a$s 'ithin 'hich to file o#1ections to the fin%in&s of the report if the$ so %esire, (7a)

SEC. 8. (ction upon commissioners< report. * >pon the e/piration of the perio% of ten (10) %a$s referre% to in the prece%in& section or even #efore the e/piration of such perio% #ut after all the

intereste% parties have file% their o#1ections to the report or their state"ent of a&ree"ent there'ith the court "a$ after hearin& accept the report an% ren%er 1u%&"ent in accor%ance there'ith7 or for cause sho'n it "a$ reco""it the sa"e to the co""issioners for further report of facts7 or it "a$ set asi%e the report an% appoint ne' co""issioners7 or it "a$ accept the report in part an% re1ect it in part7 an% it "a$ "a.e such or%er or ren%er such 1u%&"ent as shall secure to the plaintiff the propert$ essential to the e/ercise of his ri&ht of e/propriation an% to the %efen%ant 1ust co"pensation for the propert$ so ta.en, (Aa)

SEC. 9. 'ncertain ownership; conflicting claims. * If the o'nership of the propert$ ta.en is uncertain or there are conflictin& clai"s to an$ part thereof the court "a$ or%er an$ su" or su"s a'ar%e% as co"pensation for the propert$ to #e pai% to the court for the #enefit of the person a%1u%&e% in the sa"e procee%in& to #e entitle% thereto, (ut the 1u%&"ent shall re@uire the pa$"ent of the su" or su"s a'ar%e% to either the %efen%ant or the court #efore the plaintiff can enter upon the propert$ or retain it for the pu#lic use or purpose if entr$ has alrea%$ #een "a%e, (9a)

SEC. 10. Rights of plaintiff after "udgment and payment.* >pon pa$"ent #$ the plaintiff to the %efen%ant of the co"pensation fi/e% #$ the 1u%&"ent 'ith le&al interest thereon fro" the ta.in& of the possession of the propert$ or after ten%er to hi" of the a"ount so fi/e% an% pa$"ent of the costs the plaintiff shall have the ri&ht to enter upon the propert$ e/propriate% an% to appropriate it for the pu#lic use or purpose %efine% in the 1u%&"ent or to retain it shoul% he have ta.en i""e%iate possession thereof un%er the provisions of section 0 hereof, If the %efen%ant an% his counsel a#sent the"selves fro" the court or %ecline to receive the a"ount ten%ere% the sa"e shall #e or%ere% to #e %eposite% in court an% such %eposit shall have the sa"e effect as actual pa$"ent thereof to the %efen%ant or the person ulti"atel$ a%1u%&e% entitle% thereto, (10a)

SEC. 11. *ntry not delayed by appeal; effect of reversal.* +he ri&ht of the plaintiff to enter upon the propert$ of the %efen%ant an% appropriate the sa"e for pu#lic use or purpose shall not #e %ela$e% #$ an appeal fro" the 1u%&"ent, (ut if the appellate court %eter"ines that plaintiff has no ri&ht of e/propriation 1u%&"ent shall #e ren%ere% or%erin& the -e&ional +rial Court to forth'ith enforce the restoration to the %efen%ant of the possession of the propert$ an% to %eter"ine the %a"a&es 'hich the %efen%ant sustaine% an% "a$ recover #$ reason of the possession ta.en #$ the plaintiff, (11a)

SEC. 1!. Costs, by whom paid.* +he fees of the co""issioners shall #e ta/e% as a part of the costs of the procee%in&s, All costs e/cept those of rival clai"ants liti&atin& their clai"s shall #e pai% #$ the plaintiff unless an appeal is ta.en #$ the o'ner of the propert$ an% the 1u%&"ent is affir"e% in 'hich event the costs of the appeal shall #e pai% #$ the o'ner, (10a)

SEC. 13. Recording "udgment, and its effect. * +he 1u%&"ent entere% in e/propriation procee%in&s shall state %efinitel$ #$ an a%e@uate %escription the particular propert$ or interest therein e/propriate%

an% the nature of the pu#lic use or purpose for 'hich it is e/propriate%, 8hen real estate is e/propriate% a certifie% cop$ of such 1u%&"ent shall #e recor%e% in the re&istr$ of %ee%s of the place in 'hich the propert$ is situate% an% its effect shall #e to vest in the plaintiff the title to the real estate so %escri#e% for such pu#lic use or purpose, (14a)

SEC. 1". $ower of guardian in such proceedings. * +he &uar%ian or &uar%ian a% lite" of a "inor or of a person 1u%iciall$ %eclare% to #e inco"petent "a$ 'ith the approval of the court first ha% %o an% perfor" on #ehalf of his 'ar% an$ act "atter or thin& respectin& the e/propriation for pu#lic use or purpose of propert$ #elon&in& to such "inor or person 1u%iciall$ %eclare% to #e inco"petent 'hich such "inor or person 1u%iciall$ %eclare% to #e inco"petent coul% %o in such procee%in&s if he 'ere of a&e or co"petent, (13a)

RULE $8

FORECLOSURE OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE

SECTION 1. Complaint in action for foreclosure. * In an action for the foreclosure of a "ort&a&e or other encu"#rance upon real estate the co"plaint shall set forth the %ate an% %ue e/ecution of the "ort&a&e7 its assi&n"ents if an$7 the na"es an% resi%ences of the "ort&a&or an% the "ort&a&ee7 a %escription of the "ort&a&e% propert$7 a state"ent of the %ate of the note or other %ocu"entar$ evi%ence of the o#li&ation secure% #$ the "ort&a&e the a"ount clai"e% to #e unpai% thereon7 an% the na"es an% resi%ences of all persons havin& or clai"in& an interest in the propert$ su#or%inate in ri&ht to that of the hol%er of the "ort&a&e all of 'ho" shall #e "a%e %efen%ants in the action, (1a)

SEC. !. udgment on foreclosure for payment or sale.* If upon the trial in such action the court shall fin% the facts set forth in the co"plaint to #e true it shall ascertain the a"ount %ue to the plaintiff upon the "ort&a&e %e#t or o#li&ation inclu%in& interest an% other char&es as approve% #$ the court an% costs an% shall ren%er 1u%&"ent for the su" so foun% %ue an% or%er that the sa"e #e pai% to the court or to the 1u%&"ent o#li&ee 'ithin a perio% of not less than ninet$ (90) %a$s nor "ore than one hun%re% t'ent$ (100) %a$s fro" the entr$ of 1u%&"ent an% that in %efault of such pa$"ent the propert$ shall #e sol% at pu#lic auction to satisf$ the 1u%&"ent, (0a)

SEC. 3. Sale of mortgaged property; effect. * 8hen the %efen%ant after #ein& %irecte% to %o so as provi%e% in the ne/t prece%in& section fails to pa$ the a"ount of the 1u%&"ent 'ithin the perio% specifie% therein the court upon "otion shall or%er the propert$ to #e sol% in the "anner an% un%er the provisions of -ule 49 an% other re&ulations &overnin& sales of real estate un%er e/ecution, !uch

sale shall not affect the ri&hts of persons hol%in& prior encu"#rances upon the propert$ or a part thereof an% 'hen confir"e% #$ an or%er of the court also upon "otion it shall operate to %ivest the ri&hts in the propert$ of all the parties to the action an% to vest their ri&hts in the purchaser su#1ect to such ri&hts of re%e"ption as "a$ #e allo'e% #$ la',

>pon the finalit$ of the or%er of confir"ation or upon the e/piration of the perio% of re%e"ption 'hen allo'e% #$ la' the purchaser at the auction sale or last re%e"ptioner if an$ shall #e entitle% to the possession of the propert$ unless a thir% part$ is actuall$ hol%in& the sa"e a%versel$ to the 1u%&"ent o#li&or, +he sai% purchaser or last re%e"ptioner "a$ secure a 'rit of possession upon "otion fro" the court 'hich or%ere% the foreclosure, (4a)

SEC. ". +isposition of proceeds of sale.* +he a"ount reali2e% fro" the foreclosure sale of the "ort&a&e% propert$ shall after %e%uctin& the costs of the sale #e pai% to the person foreclosin& the "ort&a&e an% 'hen there shall #e an$ #alance or resi%ue after pa$in& off the "ort&a&e %e#t %ue the sa"e shall #e pai% to 1unior encu"#rancers in the or%er of their priorit$ to #e ascertaine% #$ the court or if there #e no such encu"#rancers or there #e a #alance or resi%ue after pa$"ent to the" then to the "ort&a&or or his %ul$ authori2e% a&ent or to the person entitle% to it, (3a)

SEC. #. 2ow sale to proceed in case the debt is not all due.* If the %e#t for 'hich the "ort&a&e or encu"#rance 'as hel% is not all %ue as provi%e% in the 1u%&"ent as soon as a sufficient portion of the propert$ has #een sol% to pa$ the total a"ount an% the costs %ue the sale shall ter"inate7 an% after'ar%s as often as "ore #eco"es %ue for principal or interest an% other vali% char&es the court "a$ on "otion or%er "ore to #e sol%, (ut if the propert$ cannot #e sol% in portions 'ithout pre1u%ice to the parties the 'hole shall #e or%ere% to #e sol% in the first instance an% the entire %e#t an% costs shall #e pai% if the procee%s of the sale #e sufficient therefor there #ein& a re#ate of interest 'here such re#ate is proper, (5a)

SEC. $. +eficiency "udgment.* If upon the sale of an$ real propert$ as provi%e% in the ne/t prece%in& section there #e a #alance %ue to the plaintiff after appl$in& the procee%s of the sale the court upon "otion shall ren%er 1u%&"ent a&ainst the %efen%ant for an$ such #alance for 'hich #$ the recor% of the case he "a$ #e personall$ lia#le to the plaintiff upon 'hich e/ecution "a$ issue i""e%iatel$ if the #alance is all %ue at the ti"e of the ren%ition of the 1u%&"ent7 other'ise the plaintiff shall #e entitle% to e/ecution at such ti"e as the #alance re"ainin& #eco"es %ue un%er the ter"s of the ori&inal contract 'hich ti"e shall #e state% in the 1u%&"ent, (5a)

SEC. 7. Registration.* A certifie% cop$ of the final or%er of the court confir"in& the sale shall #e re&istere% in the re&istr$ of %ee%s, If no ri&ht of re%e"ption e/ists the certificate of title in the na"e of the "ort&a&or shall #e cancelle% an% a ne' one issue% in the na"e of the purchaser,

8here a ri&ht of re%e"ption e/ists the certificate of title in the na"e of the "ort&a&or shall not #e cancelle% #ut the certificate of sale an% the or%er confir"in& the sale shall rere&istere% an% a #rief "e"oran%u" thereof "a%e #$ the re&istrar of %ee%s upon the certificate of title, In the event the propert$ is re%ee"e% the %ee% of re%e"ption shall #e re&istere% 'ith the re&istr$ of %ee%s an% a #rief "e"oran%u" thereof shall #e "a%e #$ the re&istrar of %ee%s on sai% certificate of title,

If the propert$ is not re%ee"e% the final %ee% of sale e/ecute% #$ the sheriff in favor of the purchaser at the foreclosure sale shall #e re&istere% 'ith the re&istr$ of %ee%s7 'hereupon the certificate of title in the na"e of the "ort&a&or shall #e cancelle% an% a ne' one issue% in the na"e of the purchaser, (n)

SEC. 8. (pplicability of other provisions. * +he provisions of sections 41 40 an% 43 of -ule 49 shall #e applica#le to the 1u%icial foreclosure of real estate "ort&a&es un%er this -ule insofar as the for"er are not inconsistent 'ith or "a$ serve to supple"ent the provisions of the latter, (Aa)

RULE $9

PARTITION

SECTION 1. Complaint in action for partition of real estate. * A person havin& the ri&ht to co"pel the partition of real estate "a$ %o so as provi%e% in this -ule settin& forth in his co"plaint the nature an% e/tent of his title an% an a%e@uate %escription of the real estate of 'hich partition is %e"an%e% an% 1oinin& as %efen%ants all other persons intereste% in the propert$, (1a)

SEC. !. Order for partition, and partition by agreement thereunder.* If after the trial the court fin%s that the plaintiff has the ri&ht thereto it shall or%er the partition of the real estate a"on& all the parties in interest, +hereupon the parties "a$ if the$ are a#le to a&ree "a.e the partition a"on& the"selves #$ proper instru"ents of conve$ance an% the court shall confir" the partition so a&ree% upon #$ all the parties an% such partition to&ether 'ith the or%er of the court confir"in& the sa"e shall #e recor%e% in the re&istr$ of %ee%s of the place in 'hich the propert$ is situate%, (0a)

A final or%er %ecreein& partition an% accountin& "a$ #e appeale% #$ an$ part$ a&&rieve% there#$, (n)

SEC. 3. Commissioners to ma)e partition when parties fail to agree.* If the parties are una#le to a&ree upon the partition the court shall appoint not "ore than three (4) co"petent an% %isintereste% persons as co""issioners to "a.e the partition co""an%in& the" to set off to the plaintiff an% to each part$ in interest such part an% proportion of the propert$ as the court shall %irect, (4a)

SEC. ". Oath and duties of commissioners. * (efore "a.in& such partition the co""issioners shall ta.e an% su#scri#e an oath that the$ 'ill faithfull$ perfor" their %uties as co""issioners 'hich oath shall #e file% in court 'ith the other procee%in&s in the case, In "a.in& the partition the co""issioners shall vie' an% e/a"ine the real estate after %ue notice to the parties to atten% at such vie' an% e/a"ination an% shall hear the parties as to their preference in the portion of the propert$ to #e set apart to the" an% the co"parative value thereof an% shall set apart the sa"e to the parties in lots or parcels as 'ill #e "ost a%vanta&eous an% e@uita#le havin& %ue re&ar% to the i"prove"ents situation an% @ualit$ of the %ifferent parts thereof, (3a)

SEC. #. (ssignment or sale of real estate by commissioners.* 8hen it is "a%e to appear to the co""issioners that the real estate or a portion thereof cannot #e %ivi%e% 'ithout pre1u%ice to the interests of the parties the court "a$ or%er it assi&ne% to one of the parties 'illin& to ta.e the sa"e provi%e% he pa$s to the other parties such a"ounts as the co""issioners %ee" e@uita#le unless one of the intereste% parties as.s that the propert$ #e sol% instea% of #ein& so assi&ne% in 'hich case the court shall or%er the co""issioners to sell the real estate at pu#lic sale un%er such con%itions an% 'ithin such ti"e as the court "a$ %eter"ine, (5a)

SEC. $. Report of commissioners; proceedings not binding until confirmed.* +he co""issioners shall "a.e a full an% accurate report to the court of all their procee%in&s as to the partition or the assi&n"ent of real estate to one of the parties or the sale of the sa"e, >pon the filin& of such report the cler. of court shall serve copies thereof on all the intereste% parties 'ith notice that the$ are allo'e% ten (10) %a$s 'ithin 'hich to file o#1ections to the fin%in&s of the report if the$ so %esire, Bo procee%in& ha% #efore or con%ucte% #$ the co""issioners shall pass the title to the propert$ or #in% the parties until the court shall have accepte% the report of the co""issioners an% ren%ere% 1u%&"ent thereon, (5a)

SEC. 7. (ction of the court upon commissioners; report.* >pon the e/piration of the perio% of ten (10) %a$s referre% to in the prece%in& section or even #efore the e/piration of such perio% #ut after the intereste% parties have file% their o#1ections to the report or their state"ent of a&ree"ent there'ith the court "a$ upon hearin& accept the report an% ren%er 1u%&"ent in accor%ance there'ith7 or for cause sho'n reco""it the sa"e to the co""issioners for farther report of facts7 or set asi%e the report an% appoint ne' co""issioners7 or accept the report in part an% re1ect it in part7 an% "a$ "a.e such or%er an% ren%er such 1u%&"ent as shall effectuate a fair an% 1ust partition of the real estate or of its value if assi&ne% or sol% as a#ove provi%e% #et'een the several o'ners thereof, (7)

SEC. 8. (ccounting for rent and profits in action for partition.* In an action for partition in accor%ance 'ith this -ule a part$ shall recover fro" another his 1ust share of rents an% profits receive% #$ such other part$ fro" the real estate in @uestion an% the 1u%&"ent shall inclu%e an allo'ance for such rents an% profits, (Aa)

SEC. 9. $ower of guardian in such proceedings. * +he &uar%ian or &uar%ian a% lite" of a "inor or person 1u%iciall$ %eclare% to #e inco"petent "a$ 'ith the approval of the court first ha% %o an% perfor" on #ehalf of his 'ar% an$ act "atter or thin& respectin& the partition of real estate 'hich the "inor or person 1u%iciall$ %eclare% to #e inco"petent coul% %o in partition procee%in&s if he 'ere of a&e or co"petent, (9a)

SEC. 10. Costs and e4penses to be ta4ed and collected. * +he court shall e@uita#l$ ta/ an% apportion #et'een or a"on& the parties the costs an% e/penses 'hich accrue in the action inclu%in& the co"pensation of the co""issioners havin& re&ar% to the interests of the parties an% e/ecution "a$ issue therefor as in other cases, (10a)

SEC. 11. The "udgment and its effect; copy to be recorded in registry of deeds.* If actual partition of propert$ is "a%e the 1u%&"ent shall state %efinitel$ #$ "etes an% #oun%s an% a%e@uate %escription the particular portion of the real estate assi&ne% to each part$ an% the effect of the 1u%&"ent shall #e to vest in each part$ to the action in severall$ the portion of the real estate assi&ne% to hi", If the 'hole propert$ is assi&ne% to one of the parties upon his pa$in& to the others the su" or su"s or%ere% #$ the court the 1u%&"ent shall state the fact of such pa$"ent an% of the assi&n"ent of the real estate to the part$ "a.in& the pa$"ent an% the effect of the 1u%&"ent shall #e to vest in the part$ "a.in& the pa$"ent the 'hole of the real estate free fro" an$ interest on the part of the other parties to the action, If the propert$ is sol% an% the sale confir"e% #$ the court the 1u%&"ent shall state the na"e of the purchaser or purchasers an% a %efinite %escription of the parcels of real estate sol% to each purchaser an% the effect of the 1u%&"ent shall #e to vest the real estate in the purchaser or purchasers "a.in& the pa$"ent or pa$"ents free fro" the clai"s of an$ of the parties to the action, A certifie% cop$ of the 1u%&"ent shall in either case #e recor%e% in the re&istr$ of %ee%s of the place in 'hich the real estate is situate% an% the e/penses of such recor%in& shall #e ta/e% as part of the costs of the action, (11a)

SEC. 1!. %either paramount rights nor amicable partition affected by this Rule.* Bothin& in this -ule containe% shall #e construe% so as to pre1u%ice %efeat or %estro$ the ri&ht or title of an$ person clai"in& the real estate involve% #$ title un%er an$ other person or #$ title para"ount to the title of the parties a"on& 'ho" the partition "a$ have #een "a%e7 nor so as to restrict or prevent persons hol%in& real estate 1ointl$ or in co""on fro" "a.in& an a"ica#le partition thereof #$ a&ree"ent an% suita#le instru"ents of conve$ance 'ithout recourse to an action, (10a)

SEC. 13. $artition of personal property.* +he provisions of this -ule shall appl$ to partitions of estates co"pose% of personal propert$ or of #oth real an% personal propert$ in so far as the sa"e "a$ #e applica#le, (14)

RULE 70

FORCIBLE ENTR AND UNLA&FUL DETAINER

SECTION 1. #ho may institute proceedings, and when. * !u#1ect to the provisions of the ne/t succee%in& section a person %eprive% of the possession of an$ lan% or #uil%in& #$ force inti"i%ation threat strate&$ or stealth or a lessor ven%or ven%ee or other person a&ainst 'ho", the possession of an$ lan% or #uil%in& is unla'full$ 'ithhel% after the e/piration or ter"ination of the ri&ht to hol% possession #$ virtue of an$ contract e/press or i"plie% or the le&al representatives or assi&ns of an$ such lessor ven%or ven%ee or other person "a$ at an$ ti"e 'ithin one (1) $ear after such unla'ful %eprivation or 'ithhol%in& of possession #rin& an action in the proper 9unicipal +rial Court a&ainst the person or persons unla'full$ 'ithhol%in& or %eprivin& of possession or an$ person or persons clai"in& un%er the" for title restitution of such possession to&ether 'ith %a"a&es an% costs, (1a)

SEC. !. 7essor to proceed against lessee only after demand.* >nless other'ise stipulate% such action #$ the lessor shall #e co""ence% onl$ after %e"an% to pa$ or co"pl$ 'ith the con%itions of the lease an% to vacate is "a%e upon the lessee or #$ servin& 'ritten notice of such %e"an% upon the person foun% on the pre"ises or #$ postin& such notice on the pre"ises if no person #e foun% thereon an% the lessee fails to co"pl$ there'ith after fifteen (15) %a$s in the case of lan% or five (5) %a$s in the case of #uil%in&s, (0a)

SEC. 3. Summary procedure.* 6/cept in cases covere% #$ the a&ricultural tenanc$ la's or 'hen the la' other'ise e/pressl$ provi%es all actions for forci#le entr$ an% unla'ful %etainer irrespective of the a"ount of %a"a&es or unpai% rentals sou&ht to #e recovere% shall #e &overne% #$ the su""ar$ proce%ure hereun%er provi%e%, (n)

SEC. ". $leadings allowed.* +he onl$ plea%in&s allo'e% to #e file% are the co"plaint co"pulsor$ counterclai" an% cross-clai" plea%e% in the ans'er an% the ans'ers thereto, All plea%in&s shall #e verifie%, (4a -!P)

SEC. #. (ction on complaint.* +he court "a$ fro" an e/a"ination of the alle&ations in the co"plaint an% such evi%ence as "a$ #e attache% thereto %is"iss the case outri&ht on an$ of the &roun%s for the %is"issal of a civil action 'hich are apparent therein, If no &roun% for %is"issal is foun% it shall forth'ith issue su""ons, (n)

SEC. $. (nswer.* 8ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" service of su""ons the %efen%ant shall file his ans'er to the co"plaint an% serve a cop$ thereof on the plaintiff, Affir"ative an% ne&ative %efenses not plea%e% therein shall #e %ee"e% 'aive% e/cept lac. of 1uris%iction over the su#1ect "atter Crossclai"s an% co"pulsor$ counterclai"s not asserte% in the ans'er shall #e consi%ere% #arre%, +he ans'er to counterclai"s or cross-clai"s shall #e serve% an% file% 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" service of the ans'er in 'hich the$ are plea%e%, (5 -!P)

SEC. 7. *ffect of failure to answer.* !houl% the %efen%ant fail to ans'er the co"plaint 'ithin the perio% a#ove provi%e% the court "otu proprio or on "otion of the plaintiff shall ren%er 1u%&"ent as "a$ #e 'arrante% #$ the facts alle&e% in the co"plaint an% li"ite% to 'hat is pra$e% for therein, +he court "a$ in its %iscretion re%uce the a"ount of %a"a&es an% attorne$Fs fees clai"e% for #ein& e/cessive or other'ise unconsciona#le 'ithout pre1u%ice to the applica#ilit$ of section 4 (c) -ule 9 if there are t'o or "ore %efen%ants, (5 -!P)

SEC. 8. $reliminary conference; appearance of parties.* Bot later than thirt$ (40) %a$s after the last ans'er is file% a preli"inar$ conference shall #e hel%, +he provisions of -ule 1A on pre-trial shall #e applica#le to the preli"inar$ conference unless inconsistent 'ith the provisions of this

+he failure of the plaintiff to appear hi the preli"inar$ conference shall #e cause for the %is"issal of his co"plaint, +he %efen%ant 'ho appears in the a#sence of the plaintiff shall #e entitle% to 1u%&"ent on his counterclai" in accor%ance 'ith the ne/t prece%in& section, All cross-clai"s shall #e %is"isse%, (7 -!P)

If a sole %efen%ant shall fail to appear the plaintiff shall li.e'ise #e entitle% to 1u%&"ent in accor%ance 'ith the ne/t prece%in& section, +his proce%ure shall not appl$ 'here one of t'o or "ore %efen%ants sue% un%er a co""on cause of action 'ho ha% plea%e% a co""on %efense shall appear at the preli"inar$ conference,

Bo postpone"ent of the preli"inar$ conference shall #e &rante% e/cept for hi&hl$ "eritorious &roun%s an% 'ithout pre1u%ice to such sanctions as the court in the e/ercise of soun% %iscretion "a$ i"pose on the "ovant, (n)

SEC. 9. Record of preliminary conference. * 8ithin five (5) %a$s after the ter"ination of the preli"inar$ conference the court shall issue an or%er statin& the "atters ta.en up therein inclu%in& #ut not li"ite% to7 1, 8hether the parties have arrive% at an a"ica#le settle"ent an% if so the ter"s thereof7

0, +he stipulations or a%"issions entere% into #$ the parties7

4, 8hether on the #asis of the plea%in&s an% the stipulations an% a%"issions "a%e #$ the parties 1u%&"ent "a$ #e ren%ere% 'ithout the nee% of further procee%in&s in 'hich event the 1u%&"ent shall #e ren%ere% 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s fro" issuance of the or%er7

3, A clear specification of "aterial facts 'hich re"ain controverte%7 an%

5, !uch other "atters inten%e% to e/pe%ite the %isposition of the case, (A -!P)

SEC. 10. Submission of affidavits and position papers.* 8ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" receipt of the or%er "entione% in the ne/t prece%in& section the parties shall su#"it the affi%avits of their 'itnesses an% other evi%ence on the factual issues %efine% in the or%er to&ether 'ith their position papers settin& forth the la' an% the facts relie% upon #$ the", (9 -!P)

SEC. 11. $eriod for rendition of "udgment. * 8ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s after receipt of the affi%avits an% position papers or the e/piration of the perio% for filin& the sa"e the court shall ren%er 1u%&"ent,

?o'ever shoul% the court fin% it necessar$ to clarif$ certain "aterial facts it "a$ %urin& the sai% perio% issue an or%er specif$in& the "atters to #e clarifie% an% re@uire the parties to su#"it affi%avits or other evi%ence on the sai% "atters 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" receipt of sai% or%er, Gu%&"ent shall #e ren%ere% 'ithin fifteen (15) %a$s after the receipt of the last affi%avit or the e/piration of the perio% for filin& the sa"e,

+he court shall not resort to the fore&oin& proce%ure 1ust to &ain ti"e for the ren%ition of the 1u%&"ent, (n)

SEC. 1!. Referral for conciliation.* Cases re@uirin& referral for conciliation 'here there is no sho'in& of co"pliance 'ith such re@uire"ent shall #e %is"isse% 'ithout pre1u%ice an% "a$ #e revive% onl$ after that re@uire"ent shall have #een co"plie% 'ith, (1Aa -!P)

SEC. 13. $rohibited pleadings and motions. * +he follo'in& petitions "otions or plea%in&s shall not #e allo'e%) 1, 9otion to %is"iss the co"plaint e/cept on the &roun% of lac. of 1uris%iction over the su#1ect "atter or failure to co"pl$ 'ith section 107

0, 9otion for a #ill of particulars7

4, 9otion for ne' trial or for reconsi%eration of a 1u%&"ent or for reopenin& of trial7

3, Petition for relief fro" 1u%&"ent7

5, 9otion for e/tension of ti"e to file plea%in&s affi%avits or an$ other paper7

5, 9e"oran%a7

7, Petition for certiorari "an%a"us or prohi#ition a&ainst an$ interlocutor$ or%er issue% #$ the court7

A, 9otion to %eclare the %efen%ant in %efault7

9, Eilator$ "otions for postpone"ent7

10,-epl$7

11,+hir%-part$ co"plaints7

10,Interventions, (19a -!P)

SEC. 1". (ffidavits.* +he affi%avits re@uire% to #e su#"itte% un%er this -ule shall state onl$ facts of %irect personal .no'le%&e of the affiants 'hich are a%"issi#le7 in evi%ence an% shall sho' their co"petence to testif$ to the "atters state% therein,

A violation of this re@uire"ent "a$ su#1ect the part$ or the counsel 'ho su#"its the sa"e to %isciplinar$ action an% shall #e cause to e/pun&e the ina%"issi#le affi%avit or portion thereof fro" the recor%, (00 -!P)

SEC. 1#. $reliminary in"unction.* +he court "a$ &rant preli"inar$ in1unction in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of -ule 5A hereof to prevent the %efen%ant fro" co""ittin& further acts of %ispossession a&ainst the plaintiff,

A possessor %eprive% of his possession throu&h forci#le entr$ or unla'ful %etainer "a$ 'ithin five (5) %a$s fro" the filin& of the co"plaint present a "otion in the action for forci#le entr$ or unla'ful %etainer for the issuance of a 'rit of preli"inar$ "an%ator$ in1unction to restore hi" in his possession, +he court shall %eci%e the "otion 'ithin thirt$ (40) %a$s fro" the filin& thereof, (4a)

SEC. 1$. Resolving defense of ownership.* 8hen the %efen%ant raises the %efense of o'nership in his plea%in&s an% the @uestion of possession cannot #e resolve% 'ithout %eci%in& the issue of o'nership the issue of o'nership shall #e resolve% onl$ to %eter"ine the issue of possession, (3a)

SEC. 17. udgment.* If after trial the court fin%s that the alle&ations of the co"plaint are true it shall ren%er 1u%&"ent in favor of the plaintiff for the restitution of the pre"ises the su" 1ustl$ %ue as arrears of rent or as reasona#le co"pensation for the use an% occupation of the pre"ises attorne$Fs fees an% costs, If it fin%s that sai% alle&ations are not true it shall ren%er 1u%&"ent for the %efen%ant to recover his costs, If a counterclai" is esta#lishe% the court shall ren%er 1u%&"ent for the su" foun% in arrears fro" either part$ an% a'ar% costs as 1ustice re@uires, (5a)

SEC. 18. udgment conclusive only on possession; not conclusive in actions involving title or ownership.* +he 1u%&"ent ren%ere% in an action for forci#le entr$ or %etainer shall #e conclusive 'ith respect to the possession onl$ an% shall in no 'ise #in% the title or affect the o'nership of the lan% or #uil%in&, !uch 1u%&"ent shall not #ar an action #et'een the sa"e parties respectin& title to the lan% or #uil%in&,

+he 1u%&"ent or final or%er shall #e appeala#le to the appropriate -e&ional +rial Court 'hich shall %eci%e the sa"e on the #asis of the entire recor% of the procee%in&s ha% in the court of ori&in an% such "e"oran%a an%Kor #riefs as "a$ #e su#"itte% #$ the parties or re@uire% #$ the -e&ional +rial Court, (7a)

SEC. 19. Immediate e4ecution of "udgment; how to stay same.* If 1u%&"ent is ren%ere% a&ainst the %efen%ant e/ecution shall issue i""e%iatel$ upon "otion unless an appeal has #een perfecte% an% the %efen%ant to sta$ e/ecution files a sufficient superse%eas #on% approve% #$ the 9unicipal +rial Court an% e/ecute% in favor of the plaintiff to pa$ the rents %a"a&es an% costs accruin& %o'n to the ti"e of the 1u%&"ent appeale% fro" an% unless %urin& the pen%enc$ of the appeal he %eposits 'ith the appellate court the a"ount of rent %ue fro" ti"e to ti"e un%er the contract if an$ as %eter"ine% #$ the 1u%&"ent of the 9unicipal +rial Court, In the a#sence of a contract he shall %eposit 'ith the -e&ional +rial Court the reasona#le value of the use an% occupation of the pre"ises for the prece%in& "onth or perio% at the rate %eter"ine% #$ the 1u%&"ent of the lo'er court on or #efore the tenth %a$ of each succee%in& "onth or perio%, +he superse%eas #on% shall #e trans"itte% #$ the 9unicipal +rial Court 'ith the other papers to the cler. of the -e&ional +rial Court to 'hich the action is appeale%,

All a"ounts so pai% to the appellate court shall #e %eposite% 'ith sai% court or authori2e% &overn"ent %epositar$ #an. an% shall #e hel% there until the final %isposition of the appeal unless the court #$ a&ree"ent of the intereste% parties or in the a#sence of reasona#le &roun%s of opposition to a "otion to 'ith%ra' or for 1ustifia#le reasons shall %ecree other'ise, !houl% the %efen%ant fail to "a.e the pa$"ents a#ove prescri#e% fro" ti"e to ti"e %urin& the pen%enc$ of the appeal the appellate court upon "otion of the plaintiff an% upon proof of such failure shall or%er the e/ecution of the 1u%&"ent appeale% fro" 'ith respect to the restoration of possession #ut such e/ecution shall not #e a #ar to the appeal ta.in& its course until the final %isposition thereof on the "erits,

After the case is %eci%e% #$ the -e&ional +rial Court an$ "one$ pai% to the court #$ the %efen%ant for purposes of the sta$ of e/ecution shall #e %ispose% of in accor%ance 'ith the provisions of the 1u%&"ent of the -e&ional +rial Court, In an$ case 'herein it appears that the %efen%ant has #een %eprive% of the la'ful possession of lan% or #uil%in& pen%in& the appeal #$ virtue of the e/ecution of the 1u%&"ent of the 9unicipal +rial Court %a"a&es for such %eprivation of possession an% restoration of possession "a$ #e allo'e% the %efen%ant in the 1u%&"ent of the -e&ional +rial Court %isposin& of

the appeal, (Aa)

SEC. !0. $reliminary mandatory in"unction in case of appeal.* >pon "otion of the plaintiff 'ithin ten (10) %a$s fro" the perfection of the appeal to the -e&ional +rial Court the latter "a$ issue a 'rit of preli"inar$ "an%ator$ in1unction to restore the plaintiff in possession if the court is satisfie% that the %efen%antFs appeal is frivolous or %ilator$ or that the appeal of the plaintiff is pri"a facie "eritorious, (9a)

SEC. !1. Immediate e4ecution on appeal to Court of (ppeals or Supreme Court.* +he 1u%&"ent of the -e&ional +rial Court a&ainst the %efen%ant shall #e i""e%iatel$ e/ecutor$ 'ithout pre1u%ice to a further appeal that "a$ #e ta.en therefro", (10a)

RULE 71

CONTEMPT

SECTION 1. +irect contempt punished summarily. * A person &uilt$ of "is#ehavior in the presence of or so near a court as to o#struct or interrupt the procee%in&s #efore the sa"e inclu%in& %isrespect to'ar% the court offensive personalities to'ar% others or refusal to #e s'orn or to ans'er as a 'itness or to su#scri#e an affi%avit or %eposition 'hen la'full$ re@uire% to %o so "a$ #e su""aril$ a%1u%&e% in conte"pt #$ such court an% punishe% #$ a fine not e/cee%in& t'o thousan% pesos or i"prison"ent not e/cee%in& ten (10) %a$s or #oth if it #e a -e&ional +rial Court or a court of e@uivalent or hi&her ran. or #$ a fine not e/cee%in& t'o hun%re% pesos or i"prison"ent not e/cee%in& one (1) %a$ or #oth if it #e a lo'er court, (1a)

SEC. !. Remedy therefrom.* +he person a%1u%&e% in %irect conte"pt #$ an$ court "a$ not appeal therefro" #ut "a$ avail hi"self of the re"e%ies of certiorari or prohi#ition, +he e/ecution of the 1u%&"ent shall #e suspen%e% pen%in& resolution of such petition provi%e% such person files a #on% fi/e% #$ the court 'hich ren%ere% the 1u%&"ent an% con%itione% that he 'ill a#i%e #$ an% perfor" the 1u%&"ent shoul% the petition #e %eci%e% a&ainst hi", (0a)

SEC. 3. Indirect contempt to be punished after charge and hearing.* After a char&e in 'ritin& has #een file% an% an opportunit$ &iven to the respon%ent to co""ent thereon 'ithin such perio% as "a$ #e fi/e% #$ the court an% to #e hear% #$ hi"self or counsel a person &uilt$ of an$ of the follo'in& acts

"a$ #e punishe% for in%irect conte"pt)

(a) 9is#ehavior of an officer of a court in the perfor"ance of his official %uties or in his official transactions7

(#) Eiso#e%ience of or resistance to a la'ful 'rit process or%er or 1u%&"ent of a court inclu%in& the act of a person 'ho after #ein& %ispossesse% or e1ecte% fro" an$ real propert$ #$ the 1u%&"ent or process of an$ court of co"petent 1uris%iction enters or atte"pts or in%uces another to enter into or upon such real propert$ for the purpose of e/ecutin& acts of o'nership or possession or in an$ "anner %istur#s the possession &iven to the person a%1u%&e% to #e entitle% thereto7

(c) An$ a#use of or an$ unla'ful interference 'ith the processes or procee%in&s of a court not constitutin& %irect conte"pt un%er section 1 of this -ule7

(%) An$ i"proper con%uct ten%in& %irectl$ or in%irectl$ to i"pe%e o#struct or %e&ra%e the a%"inistration of 1ustice7

(e) Assu"in& to #e an attorne$ or an officer of a court an% actin& as such 'ithout authorit$7

(f) Cailure to o#e$ a su#poena %ul$ serve%7

(&) +he rescue or atte"pte% rescue of a person or propert$ in the custo%$ of an officer #$ virtue of an or%er or process of a court hel% #$ hi",

(ut nothin& in this section shall #e so construe% as to prevent the court fro" issuin& process to #rin& the respon%ent into court or fro" hol%in& hi" in custo%$ pen%in& such procee%in&s, (4a)

SEC. ". 2ow proceedings commenced.* Procee%in&s for in%irect conte"pt "a$ #e initiate% "otu proprio #$ the court a&ainst 'hich the conte"pt 'as co""itte% #$ an or%er or an$ other for"al char&e re@uirin& the respon%ent to sho' cause 'h$ he shoul% not #e punishe% for conte"pt,

In all other cases char&es for in%irect conte"pt shall #e co""ence% #$ a verifie% petition 'ith supportin& particulars an% certifie% true copies of %ocu"ents or papers involve% therein an% upon full co"pliance 'ith the re@uire"ents for filin& initiator$ plea%in&s for civil actions in the court concerne%, If the conte"pt char&es arose out of or are relate% to a principal action pen%in& in the court the petition for conte"pt shall alle&e that fact #ut sai% petition shall #e %oc.ete% hear% an% %eci%e% separatel$ unless the court in its %iscretion or%ers the consoli%ation of the conte"pt char&e an% the principal action for 1oint hearin& an% %ecision, (n)

SEC. #. #here charge to be filed.* 8here the char&e for in%irect conte"pt has #een co""itte% a&ainst a -e&ional +rial Court or a court of e@uivalent or hi&her ran. or a&ainst an officer appointe% #$ it the char&e "a$ #e file% 'ith such court, 8here such conte"pt has #een co""itte% a&ainst a lo'er court the char&e "a$ #e file% 'ith the -e&ional +rial Court of the place in 'hich the lo'er court is sittin&7 #ut the procee%in&s "a$ also #e institute% in such lo'er court su#1ect to appeal to the -e&ional +rial Court of such place in the sa"e "anner as provi%e% in section 0 of this -ule, (3a)

SEC. $. 2earing; release on bail.* If the hearin& is not or%ere% to #e ha% forth'ith the respon%ent "a$ #e release% fro" custo%$ upon filin& a #on% in an a"ount fi/e% #$ the court for his appearance at the hearin& of the char&e, :n the %a$ set therefor the court shall procee% to investi&ate the char&e an% consi%er such co""ent testi"on$ or %efense as the respon%ent "a$ "a.e or offer, (5a)

SEC. 7. $unishment for indirect contempt. * If the respon%ent is a%1u%&e% &uilt$ of in%irect conte"pt co""itte% a&ainst a -e&ional +rial Court or a court of e@uivalent or hi&her ran. he "a$ #e punishe% #$ a fine not e/cee%in& thirt$ thousan% pesos or i"prison"ent not e/cee%in& si/ (5) "onths or #oth, If he is a%1u%&e% &uilt$ of conte"pt co""itte% a&ainst a lo'er court he "a$ #e punishe% #$ a fine not e/cee%in& five thousan% pesos or i"prison"ent not e/cee%in& one (1) "onth or #oth, If the conte"pt consists in the violation of a 'rit of in1unction te"porar$ restrainin& or%er or status @uo or%er he "a$ also #e or%ere% to "a.e co"plete restitution to the part$ in1ure% #$ such violation of the propert$ involve% or such a"ount as "a$ #e alle&e% an% prove%,

+he 'rit of e/ecution as in or%inar$ civil actions shall issue for the enforce"ent of a 1u%&"ent i"posin& a fine unless the court other'ise provi%es, (5a)

SEC. 8. Imprisonment until order obeyed.* 8hen the conte"pt consists in the refusal or o"ission to %o an act 'hich is $et in the po'er of the respon%ent to perfor" he "a$ #e i"prisone% #$ or%er of the court concerne% until he perfor"s it, (7 a)

SEC. 9. $roceeding when party released on bail fails to answer.* 8hen a respon%ent release% on #ail fails to appear on the %a$ fi/e% for the hearin& the court "a$ issue another or%er of arrest or "a$ or%er the #on% for his appearance to #e forfeite% an% confiscate% or #oth7 an% if the #on% #e procee%e% a&ainst the1 "easure of %a"a&es shall #e the e/tent of the loss or in1ur$ sustaine% #$ the a&&rieve% part$ #$ reason of the "iscon%uct for 'hich the conte"pt char&e 'as prosecute% 'ith the costs of the procee%in&s an% such recover$ shall #e for the #enefit of the part$ in1ure%, If there is no a&&rieve% part$ the #on% shall #e lia#le an% %ispose% of as in cri"inal cases, (Aa)

SEC. 10. Court may release respondent.* +he court 'hich issue% the or%er i"prisonin& a person for conte"pt "a$ %ischar&e hi" fro" i"prison"ent 'hen it appears that pu#lic interest 'ill not #e pre1u%ice% #$ his release, (9a)

SEC. 11. Review of "udgment or final order; bond for stay.* +he 1u%&"ent or final or%er of a court in a case of in%irect conte"pt "a$ #e appeale% to the proper court as in cri"inal cases, (ut e/ecution of the 1u%&"ent or final or%er shall not #e suspen%e% until a #on% is file% #$ the person a%1u%&e% in conte"pt in an a"ount fi/e% #$ the court fro" 'hich the appeal is ta.en con%itione% that if the appeal #e %eci%e% a&ainst hi" he 'ill a#i%e #$ an% perfor" the 1u%&"ent or final or%er, (10a)

SEC. 1!. Contempt against 6uasi&"udicial entities.* >nless other'ise provi%e% #$ la' this -ule shall appl$ to conte"pt co""itte% a&ainst persons entities #o%ies or a&encies e/ercisin& @uasi1u%icial functions or shall have suppletor$ effect to such rules as the$ "a$ have a%opte% pursuant to authorit$ &rante% to the" #$ la' to punish for conte"pt, +he -e&ional +rial Court of the place 'herein the conte"pt has #een co""itte% shall have 1uris%iction over such char&es as "a$ #e file% therefore, (n)