List MF10

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

FURTHER MATHEMATICS (9231)

FORMULAE AND STATISTICAL TABLES

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UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE

International Examinations

PURE MATHEMATICS Algebraic series

r=l

:L> = tn(n

+ 1),

2)2 = in(n
r=l

+ 1)(2n + 1),

:L>3 = -}n2(n + 1)2

r=l

Binomial expansion: (a + b)n = an + integer and

(7)

an-1b + (~) an-2b2 + (;) an-3b3 + ... + bn, where n is a positive

(n) _ r!(n-r)! n! rf(x) = f(O) + xf'(O) + T!f"(O) + ... + -;;rf(n)(o) + .,.

Maclaurin's expansion:

x2

x"

n_1 n(n-l) (I +x ) - +nx+ 2' .

x + ... +

n(n-l)

... (n-r+l) , r. ...

r x + ...

(Ixl < 1)
(all x) (aIIx) (all x) (-I<x:$;l)

x2 x3 xr eX = l+x+-21 +-31 + ... +,+ .. r. . x3 x5 sm x = x - 3! + 51cosx=I-T!+ x2 x2

... +

(_I),x2r+1 (2r + I)! + ...

x4 (_IYx2r 4! - ... + (2r)! + ... x3 (-IY+1xr r + ...

In(1 + x) = x Trigonometry

2: + 3" - ... +

sin(A ± B):: sinAcosB cos(A ± B):: cosAcosB tan(A±B)::

± cosAsinB

+ sinAsinB

tanA±tanB 1+ tan A tan B A

si113A ::3sil1A-4sin3

cos3A:: 4cos3 A - 3cosA sinP + sinQ == 2sint(P sinP - sinQ == 2cost(P+ cosP + cosQ == 2cost(P cosP -cosQ If t == -2sint(P + Q)cost(P Q)sint(P + Q)cost(P - Q) -Q) - Q) - Q)

+ Q)sint(P

= tan 3: x then:
. 2t smx=--2 l+t and cosx=-I-t2 1 + t2

Principal values: -ttl'::::; sin"! x::::; ttl' 0::::; cos"!

X

(Ixl::::;1) (Ixl

s tl'

s 1)

Integrals (Arbitrary constants are omitted; a denotes a positive constant.) f(x) 1 2 +a2 x 1 2 - x2 .Ja 1 2 -a2 x ff(x)dx 1 -;tan- {x) -; (Ixl < a)

sin-{~) 1 -In-- (x-a) 2a x+a _!_tn( a + x) 2a a-x In(secx + tan x)

(x > a)
(lxl < a) (lxl<ttl')

1
a2 -x2 secx Numerical methods Trapezium rule:

rh .b f(x) dx
The Newton-Raphson

R',

zh{yo + 2(Yi + Y2 + ,', + Yn-i) + Yn}, where h iteration for approximating a root of f(x)

b-a = -n-

=0:

Vectors int IVI mg '~ ', Tlie point di idi AB' m t h e ratio /l,: /-i h as position vector ,ua + Ab ~

/l,+/-i

MECHANICS Centres of mass of uniform bodies Triangular lamina: ~ along median from vertex Solid hemisphere of radius r: ir from centre Hemispherical shell of radius r: ~ r from centre Circular arc of radius r and angle 2a: C· Iar sector ircu
0f

r sin a from centre

ra di r an d ang Ie 2a : 2rsina lUS 3a

firom centre

Solid cone or pyramid of height h:

th from vertex

Moments of inertia for uniform bodies of mass m Thin rod, length 21, about perpendicular axis through centre:

t mP

Rectangular lamina, sides 2a and 2b, about perpendicular axis through centre: tm(a2 + b2) Disc or solid cylinder of radius r about axis: ~ mr2 Solid sphere of radius r about a diameter: Spherical shell of radius r about a diameter:

!mr2
~mr2

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS Sampling and testing Unbiased variance estimate from a single sample: s2 ==

_1_(:2:x2 _ (LX)2) == _1_L(x

n-l n n-l s2 == L(Xl - XlP + L(X2 - X2)2 nl +n2-2

x?

Two-sample estimate of a common variance:

Regression and correlation Estimated product moment correlation coefficient:

Estimated regression line of y on x:

y- y == b(x-x),

where b == _L(-,-X_-_x~)(.:::..y-,;--"y_;:.,) L(X-x)2

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

If Z has a normal distribution with mean 0 and variance 1 then, for each value of z, the table gives the value of cD(z) , where
cD(z) = P(Z
:$;

z).

For negative values of z use cDC -z)

= 14 0.5160 0.5557 0.5948 0.6331 0.6700 0.7054 0.7389 0.7704 0.7995 0.8264 0.8508 0.8729 0.8925 0.9099 0.9251 0.9382 0.9495 0.9591 0.9671 0.9738 0.9793 0.9838 0.9875 0.9904 0.9927 0.9945 0.9959 0.9969 0.9977 0.9984

cD(z) .

z
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9

0 0.5000 0.5398 0.5793 0.6179 0.6554 0.6915 0.7257 0.7580 0.7881 0.8159 0.8413 0.8643 0.8849 0.9032 0.9192 0.9332 0.9452 0.9554 0.9641 0.9713 0.9772 0.9821 0.9861 0.9893 0.9918 0.9938 0.9953 0.9965 0.9974 0.9981

1 0.5040 0.5438 0.5832 0.6217 0.6591 0.6950 0.7291 0.7611 0.7910 0.8186 0.8438 0.8665 0.8869 0.9049 0.9207 0.9345 0.9463 0.9564 0.9649 0.9719 0.9778 0.9826 0.9864 0.9896 0.9920 0.9940 0.9955 0.9966 0.9975 0.9982

2 0.5080 0.5478 0.5871 0.6255 0.6628 0.6985 0.7324 0.7642 0.7939 0.8212 0.8461 0.8686 0.8888 0.9066 0.9222 0.9357 0.9474 0.9573 0.9656 0.9726 0.9783 0.9830 0.9868 0.9898 0.9922 0.9941 0.9956 0.9967 0.9976 0.9982

3 0.5120 0.5517 0.5910 0.6293 0.6664 0.7019 0.7357 0.7673 0.7967 0.8238 0.8485 0.8708 0.8907 0.9082 0.9236 0.9370 0.9484 0.9582 0.9664 0.9732 0.9788 0.9834 0.9871 0.9901 0.9925 0.9943 0.9957 0.9968 0.9977 0.9983

5 0.5199 0.5596 0.5987 0.6368 0.6736 0.7088 0.7422 0.7734 0.8023 0.8289 0.8531 0.8749 0.8944 0.9115 0.9265 0.9394 0.9505 0.9599 0.9678 0.9744 0.9798 0.9842 0.9878 0.9906 0.9929 0.9946 0.9960 0.9970 0.9978 0.9984

6 0.5239 0.5636 0.6026 0.6406 0.6772 0.7123 0.7454 0.7764 0.8051 0.8315 0.8554 0.8770 0.8962 0.9131 0.9279 0.9406 0.9515 0.9608 0.9686 0.9750 0.9803 0.9846 0.9881 0.9909 0.9931 0.9948 0.9961 0.9971 0.9979 0.9985

7 0.5279 0.5675 0.6064 0.6443 0.6808 0.7157 0.7486 0.7794 0.8078 0.8340 0.8577 0.8790 0.8980 0.9147 0.9292 0.9418 0.9525 0.9616 0.9693 0.9756 0.9808 0.9850 0.9884 0.9911 0.9932 0.9949 0.9962 0.9972 0.9979 0.9985

8 0.5319 0.5714 0.6103 0.6480 0.6844 0.7190 0.7517 0.7823 0.8106 0.8365 0.8599 0.8810 0.8997 0.9162 0.9306 0.9429 0.9535 0.9625 0.9699 0.9761 0.9812 0.9854 0.9887 0.9913 0.9934 0.9951 0.9963 0.9973 0.9980 0.9986

9 0.5359 0.5753 0.6141 0.6517 0.6879 0.7224 0.7549 0.7852 0.8133 0.8389 0.8621 0.8830 0.9015 0.9177 0.9319 0.9441 0.9545 0.9633 0.9706 0.9767 0.9817 0.9857 0.9890 0.9916 0.9936 0.9952 0.9964 0.9974 0.9981 0.9986

ADD
4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 7 7 12 12 12 11 11 16 16 15 15 14 20 20 19 19 18 24 24 23 22 22 28 28 27 26 25 24 23 21 19 18 32 32 31 30 29 27 26 24 22 20 36 36 35 34 32 31 29 27 25 23

7 10 14 17 20 7 10 l3 16 19 6 9 12 15 18 5 8 11 14 16 5 8 10 13 15 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1

9 12 14 16 19 21 8 10 12 14 16 18 7 9 11 l3 15 17 6 8 10 11 13 14 6 7 8 10 11 l3 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 6 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 7 6 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 8 10 11 789 678 566 455 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 4 4 3 2 2 1 I

1
1

1
1 1 1 0 0 0

1
0 0 0 0 0

1
1 0 0 0 0

1 1
1 1 0 0

1
1 0

Critical values for the normal distribution If Z has a normal distribution with mean 0 and variance 1 then, for each value of p, the table gives the value of z such that
P(Z::; z) = p.
0.75 0.674 0.90 1.282 0.95 1.645 0.975 1.960 0.99 2.326 0.995 2.576 0.9975 2.807 0.999 3.090 0.9995 3.291

CRITICAL VALUES FOR THE t-DISTRIBUTION If T has a t-distribution with v degrees of

freedom then, for each pair of values ofp and v, the table gives the value of t such that

peT ~ t) = p.

P
v= 1

0.75 1.000 0.816 0.765 0.741 0.727 0.718 0.711 0.706 0.703 0.700 0.697 0.695 0.694 0.692 0.691 0.690 0.689 0.688 0.688 0.687 0.686 0.686 0.685 0.685 0.684 0.684 0.684 0.683 0.683 0.683 0.681 0.679 0.677 0.674

0.90 3.078 1.886 1.638 1.533 1.476 1.440 1.415 1.397 1.383 1.372 1.363 1.356 1.350 1.345 1.341 1.337 1.333 1.330 1.328 1.325 1.323 1.321 1.319 1.318 1.316 1.315 1.314 1.313 1.311 1.310 1.303 1.296 1.289 1.282

0.95 6.314 2.920 2.353 2.132 2.015 1.943 1.895 1.860 1.833 1.812 1.796 1.782 1.771 1.761 1.753 1.746 1.740 1.734 1.729 1.725 1.721 1.717 1.714 1.711 1.708 1.706 1.703 1.701 1.699 1.697 1.684 1.671 1.658 1.645

0.975 12.71 4.303 3.182 2.776 2.571 2.447 2.365 2.306 2.262 2.228 2.201 2.179 2.160 2.145 2.131 2.120 2.110 2.101 2.093 2.086 2.080 2.074 2.069 2.064 2.060 2.056 2.052 2.048 2.045 2.042 2.021 2.000 1.980 1.960

0.99 31.82 6.965 4.541 3.747 3.365 3.143 2.998 2.896 2.821 2.764 2.718 2.681 2.650 2.624 2.602 2.583 2.567 2.552 2.539 2.528 2.518 2.508 2.500 2.492 2.485 2.479 2.473 2.467 2.462 2.457 2.423 2.390 2.358 2.326

0.995 63.66 9.925 5.841 4.604 4.032 3.707 3.499 3.355 3.250 3.169 3.106 3.055 3.012 2.977 2.947 2.921 2.898 2.878 2.861 2.845 2.831 2.819 2.807 2.797 2.787 2.779 2.771 2.763 2.756 2.750 2.704 2.660 2.617 2.576

0.9975 127.3 14.09 7.453 5.598 4.773 4.317 4.029 3.833 3.690 3.581 3.497 3.428 3.372 3.326 3.286 3.252 3.222 3.197 3.174 3.153 3.135 3.119 3.104 3.091 3.078 3.067 3.057 3.047 3.038 3.030 2.971 2.915 2.860 2.807

0.999 318.3 22.33 10.21 7.173 5.894 5.208 4.785 4.501 4.297 4.144 4.025 3.930 3.852 3.787 3.733 3.686 3.646 3.610 3.579 3.552 3.527 3.505 3.485 3.467 3.450 3.435 3.421 3.408 3.396 3.385 3.307 3.232 3.160 3.090

0.9995 636.6 31.60 12.92 8.610 6.869 5.959 5.408 5.041 4.781 4.587 4.437 4.318 4.221 4.140 4.073 4.015 3.965 3.922 3.883 3.850 3.819 3.792 3.768 3.745 3.725 3.707 3.689 3.674 3.660 3.646 3.551 3.460 3.373 3.291

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 40 60 120
00

CRITICAL VALUES FOR THE Z2 -DISTRIBUTION

If X has a X2 -distribution with v degrees of freedom then, for each pair of values of p and v, the table gives the value of x such that
P(X :;;;x)= p

P
v= 1

0.01 0.031571 0.02010 0.1148 0.2971 0.5543 0.8721 1.239 1.647 2.088 2.558 3.053 3.571 4.107 4.660 5.229 5.812 6.408 7.015 7.633 8.260 8.897 9.542 10.20 10.86 11.52 14.95 22.16 29.71 37.48 45.44 53.54 61.75 70.06

0.025 0.039821 0.05064 0.2158 0.4844 0.8312 1.237 1.690 2.180 2.700 3.247 3.816 4.404 5.009 5.629 6.262 6.908 7.564 8.231 8.907 9.591 10.28 10.98 11.69 12.40 13.12 16.79 24.43 32.36 40.48 48.76 57.15 65.65 74.22

0.05 0.023932 0.1026 0.3518 0.7107 1.145 1.635 2.167 2.733 3.325 3.940 4.575 5.226 5.892 6.571 7.261 7.962 8.672 9.390 10.12 10.85 11.59 12.34 13.09 13.85 14.61 18.49 26.51 34.76 43.19 51.74 60.39 69.13 77.93

0.9 2.706 4.605 6.251 7.779 9.236 10.64 12.02 13.36 14.68 15.99 17.28 18.55 19.81 21.06 22.31 23.54 24.77 25.99 27.20 28.41 29.62 30.81 32.01 33.20 34.38 40.26 51.81 63.17 74.40 85.53 96.58 107.6 118.5

0.95 3.841 5.991 7.815 9.488 11.07 12.59 14.07 15.51 16.92 18.31 19.68 21.03 22.36 23.68 25.00 26.30 27.59 28.87 30.14 31.41 32.67 33.92 35.17 36.42 37.65 43.77 55.76 67.50 79.08 90.53 101.9 113.1 124.3

0.975 5.024 7.378 9.348 11.14 12.83 14.45 16.01 17.53 19.02 20.48 21.92 23.34 24.74 26.12 27.49 28.85 30.19 31.53 32.85 34.17 35.48 36.78 38.08 39.36 40.65 46.98 59.34 71.42 83.30 95.02 106.6 118.1 129.6

0.99 6.635 9.210 11.34 13.28 15.09 16.81 18.48 20.09 21.67 23.21 24.73 26.22 27.69 29.14 30.58 32.00 33.41 34.81 36.19 37.57 38.93 40.29 41.64 42.98 44.31 50.89 63.69 76.15 88.38 100.4 112.3 124.1 135.8

0.995 7.879 10.60 12.84 14.86 16.75 18.55 20.28 21.95 23.59 25.19 26.76 28.30 29.82 31.32 32.80 34.27 35.72 37.16 38.58 40.00 41.40 42.80 44.18 45.56 46.93 53.67 66.77 79.49 91.95 104.2 116.3 128.3 140.2

0.999 10.83 13.82 16.27 18.47 20.51 22.46 24.32 26.12 27.88 29.59 31.26 32.91 34.53 36.12 37.70 39.25 40.79 42.31 43.82 45.31 46.80 48.27 49.73 51.18 52.62 59.70 73.40 86.66 99.61 112.3 124.8 137.2 149.4

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

CRITICAL VALUES FOR THE PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

Significance level One-tail Two-tail 5% 10% 0.988 0.900 0.805 0.729 0.669 0.621 0.582 0.549 0.521 0.497 0.476 0.458 0.441 0.426 0.412 0.400 0.389 0.378 0.337 0.306 0.283 0.264 0.248 0.235 0.214 0.198 0.185 0.174 0.165 2.5% 5% 0.997 0.950 0.878 0.811 0.754 0.707 0.666 0.632 0.602 0.576 0.553 0.532 0.514 0.497 0.482 0.468 0.456 0.444 0.396 0.361 0.334 0.312 0.294 0.279 0.254 0.235 0.220 0.207 0.197 1% 2% 0.5% 1%

n=3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.980 0.934 0.882 0.833 0.789 0.750 0.715 0.685 0.658 0.634 0.612 0.592 0.574 0.558 0.543 0.529 0.516 0.462 0.423 0.392 0.367 0.346 0.328 0.300 0.278 0.260 0.245 0.232

0.990 0.959 0.917 0.875 0.834 0.798 0.765 0.735 0.708 0.684 0.661 0.641 0.623 0.606 0.590 0.575 0.561 0.505 0.463 0.430 0.403 0.380 0.361 0.330 0.306 0.286 0.270 0.256