Cambridge IGCSE™ Mathematics Core and Extended

Student Book answers

All answers were written by the authors. In examination, the way marks would be awarded to answers like these may be
different.

31 Vectors

Exercise 31.1 page 441

 2
1  a  
 4
 3
b  
1
 2 
c   
 4 
3
d  
 2 
 6 
e  
1
6
f  
 1
 3 
g  
 1 
 5 
h  
 5 
 1
i  
3
 4
2  a   
 4
0
b  
 4
 3 
c  
0
 2 
d  
6
 4 
e  
 2 
0
f  
 4 

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 1

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 31 Student Book answers 

 3
g  
0
2
h  
 6 
 4 
i  
 4 
3 

Exercise 31.2 page 442

1  a– f, 

 
2 a + b = b + a, a + d = d + a, b + c = c + b   

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 2

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 31 Student Book answers 

3  a– f 

 2
4  a   
 4
0
b  
 6 
1
c  
 1
1
d   
0
9
e  
0
5
f  
 2

Exercise 31.3 page 443

1 d = –c
e = –a
f = 2a
1
g= c
2
1
h= b
2
1
i=– b
2
j = 1.5 b
k = –1.5 a
   

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 3

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 31 Student Book answers 

 4
2  a  
6
 12 
b  
 3 
2
c  
 4 
 2 
d  
2
 2 
e  
 5 
 8 
f  
9
 10 
g  
 5 
 3
h  
 2
 10 
i  
 6 
3  a 2a
b –b
c b+c
d a–b
e 2c
f 2c – a

Exercise 31.4 page 444

1  |a| = 5.0 units
|b| = 4.1 units
|c| = 4.5 units
|d| = 7.0 units
|e| = 7.3 units
|f| = 6.4 units
2  a AB⃗ = 4.0 units
b BC⃗ = 5.4 units
c CD⃗ = 7.2 units
d DE⃗ = 13.0 units

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 4

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 31 Student Book answers 

e 2AB⃗ = 8.0 units

f 2CD⃗ = 14.4 units
3  a 4.1 units
b 18.4 units
c 15.5 units
d 17.7 units
e 31.8 units
f 19.6 units

Exercise 31.5 page 445

 3
1 A 
 3
1
B 
 2
 3 
C 
2
 3 
D 
0
 4
E 
 2 
 2
F 
 4 
 1
G  
 1
0
H 
 3 

Exercise 31.6 page 446

1  a a
b a
c b
d –b
e 2b
f  –2a
g  a + b

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 5

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 31 Student Book answers 

h  b – a
i b – 2a
2  a 2a
b b
c b–a
d b–a
e –a
f a – 2b
3  a –2a
b –a
c b
d b–a
e 2(b – a)
f 2b – a
g –2b
h b – 2a
i –a – b
4  a 5a
8
b b
3
1
c (8b – 15a)
3
1
d (8b – 15a)
15
e b – 2a
f 5a – 2b
8
g b
5
1
h (10a + 8b)
5
1
i (8b – 5a)
5

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 6

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 31 Student Book answers 

Exercise 31.7 page 447

1  a  i 2a
ii  2a – b
1
iii  (2a + 3b)
4
b Proof
2  a, b Proofs
3  a  i 4a
ii 2a
iii  2(a + b)
3
iv a
2
b Proof
1
4  a  i (2q – p)
2
2
ii (p – q)
7
b Proof

Student assessment 1 page 448

 2 
1  a  
3
7
b  
 2
6
c  
 2 
 2
2 a=  
 4
 4
b=  
0
0
c=  
 5 
 4 
d=  
 2 
 2 
e=  
1
 

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 7

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 31 Student Book answers 

3 

 1
4  a  
5
1
b  
5
1
c   
 11
0
d   
 14 

Student assessment 2 page 449

1  a AB⃗ 7.21 units
b |a| = 9.22 units
|b| = 8.06 units
|c| = 13 units
2  a 17.5 units
b 2.69 units
 2
3 A 
 4
 1
B 
2
 3 
C 
 1 
0
D 
 3 
1
E 
 4 
4  a AF⃗ or FC⃗
b DF⃗ BC⃗
c  CF⃗ DE⃗

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 8

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 31 Student Book answers 

Student assessment 3 page 450

1
1  a  i b
4
1
ii (4a – b)
4
2
iii (b – a)
5
b Proof
2  a Proof
b Proof
3  a  i b–a
ii a
iii a + b
b  i 4 : 25
ii 20 : 25

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 9

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