IGCSE - Maths - Chap 18

Cambridge IGCSE™ Mathematics Core and Extended
Student Book answers
All answers were written by the authors. In examination, the way marks would be awarded to answers like these may be
different.
18 Graphs of functions
Exercise 18.1 page 195

1 x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 10 4 0 –2 –2 0 4 10
2 x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y –12 –5 0 3 4 3 0 –5 –12
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 1

© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2018
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 18 Student Book answers
3 x –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
4 x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
y –9 –4 –1 0 –1 –4 –9
5 x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 9 0 –7 –12 –15 –16 –15 –12 –7 0 9


6 x –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 9 1 –3 –3 1 9
7 x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y –15 –4 3 6 5 0 –9
8 x –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 12 0 –6 –6 0 12


9 x –1 0 1 2 3
y 7 –4 –7 –2 11
10 x –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y –25 –9 –1 –1 –9 –25

1 –2 and 3
2 –1 and 1
3 3
4 –4 and 3
5 2
6 0.5 and 3
7 1
1
8  and 2
3


1 –1.6 and 2.6
2 No solution
3 2 and 4
4 –3.5 and 2.5
5 0.3 and 3.7
6 0 and 3.5
7 –0.2 and 2.2
1
8  and 2
3

1 a
b Minimum
c (1, 4)
2 a
b Minimum
c (–3, –6)


3 a
b Minimum
c (4, –1)
4 a
b Maximum
c (2, 3)
5 a
b Maximum
c (–1, –5)


6 a
b Minimum
c (1, –3)
7 a
b Minimum
c (3, –20)


8 a
b Maximum
c (5, 30)
9 a Students’ description of pattern.
b (b, c)
10 a (6, 5)
b (–8, –6)
c (–4, 12)
d (12, 1)

1


2
3

1 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) –7 –4 –1 2 5 8 11
ii
2 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5


ii
3 i x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
f(x) 5 3 1 –1 –3 –5 –7
ii
4 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 17 7 1 –1 1 7 17
ii


5 i x –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 5.5 2 –0.5 –2 –2.5 –2 –0.5 2 5.5
ii
6 i x –2 –1 0 1 2
f(x) 17 6 1 2 9
ii
7 i x –2 –1 0 1 2
f(x) –16 –2 0 2 16
ii


8 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) –4.5 3 4.5 3 1.5 3 10.5
ii
9 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) –1 –1.5 –3 – 3 1.5 1
ii
10 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 0.22 0.5 2 – 2 0.5 0.22
ii


11 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) –8.89 –5.75 –2 – 4 6.25 9.11

ii

1 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 0.04 0.11 0.33 1 3 9 27
ii


2 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ii
3 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 3.125 3.25 3.5 4 5 7 11
ii


4 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 2.375 2.75 3.5 5 8 14 26
ii

5 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 3.125 2.25 1.5 1 1 2 5

ii


6 i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 3.04 2.11 1.33 1 2 7 24
ii


1 i
ii 2


2 i
ii –2
3 i
ii 3

4 i
ii 24


5 i
ii –4
6 i
ii 0.7

1 a
b x = ± 2.8


2 a
b x = 1.7
3 a
b x = 1.5

4 a
b x = –0.4, 0.5, 2.4

5 a (x – 10) cm
b 5(x – 10)2 = V
c x = 6 cm or 14 cm
6 10 cm
7 a V = (x – 2)(x – 4)(x – 7)
b
c The y-value on the graph is positive and the volume must be a positive value.
d x = 2.9
8 a
b x = –0.7, 3
9 a 7 cm
b 0 cm
c 5 hours
d
1
e Approx. 5 hours
2


10 a Approx. 2.5

1
b 
2
11 a Approx. 4.3
b Approx. 3.3
c Approx. 2.3
12 a 101
b 1120
c
d Approx. 4.5 hours

13 a t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
P 1000 500 250 125 63 31 16 8 4 2 1

b
c Approx. 90 insects


1 a


2 a
Turning point (5, –1)

b
1 1
Turning point  , 6 
2 4

c


3 9
Turning point  , 
2 4
e
Turning point (2, 0)

f
Roots given to 2 d.p. Exact values are x  3  14

Turning point (–3, –14)


3 a

c



1 A y = 2x
B y=
3
x
C y=
1
x
D y= 
2
x
E y = 2–x
2 A y =
1
x
B y = –3x
C y = –5x
D y=
2
x
E y=
1
x

Student assessment 1 page 215

1
2 a x –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
y –12 –6 –2 0 0 –2 –6 –12 –20 –30
b

3 a


b
4 a
b i x = –3.7 or 2.7
ii x = –1.8 or 2.8

5 a
b x = –2 or 1
6 a i maximum as the 𝑥 term is negative
ii (–3, –5)
b i minimum as the 𝑥 term is positive
ii (6, 2)

8

1 a i Linear
ii Quadratic
b i Any answer in the form y = k – cx where k and c are positive constants,
e.g. y = 5 – 2x
ii Any answer in the form y = k – cx2 where k and c are positive constants,
e.g. y = 4 –x2
2 a i x –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
f(x) 10 4 0 –2 –2 0 4 10
ii

b i x –3 –2 –1 –0.1 0 0.1 1 2 3
f(x) –9.3 –6.5 –4 –10.3 – 10.3 4 6.5 9.3
ii
3 a
b i 5.5
ii 2.5
4 a
b x = –0.8 and 3.3

c x = –1.6 and 3.1

5
7 a 58 – 3x
b A = x(60 – 3x)
c
d x = 10
e 300 m2

1 a i Reciprocal
ii Exponential
1
b i For example, y =
x
ii For example, y = 2x
2 a i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) –2.9 –1.8 –0.5 1 3 6 11


ii
b i x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f(x) –9.0 –3.9 –0.7 1 2 5 18
ii
3 a
b i 0
ii 4
4 x –3 –2 –1 –0.5 –0.25 0 0.25 0.5 1 2 3
y –4.9 –4.8 –4 –1 11 – 11 –1 –4 –4.8 –4.9

b
c x = ± 0.4
d x = ± 0.4 and ± 2.6
5 a
b y=0
6 a
b y = –4
7 a Students’ working
1 3
b V = 98x – x
2
c
d x=8
e 528 cm3


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Cambridge IGCSE™ Mathematics Core and Extended

Student Book answers

Exercise 18.1 page 195

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 1

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 2

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 3

Exercise 18.2 page 196

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 4

Exercise 18.3 page 196

Exercise 18.4 page 198

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 5

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 6

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 7

Exercise 18.5 page 199

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 8

Exercise 18.6 page 200

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 9

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 10

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 11

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 12

Exercise 18.7 page 201

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 13

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 14

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 15

Exercise 18.8 page 203

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 16

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 17

Exercise 18.9 page 204

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 18

b x = –0.4, 0.5, 2.4

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 19

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 20

10 a Approx. 2.5

d Approx. 4.5 hours

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 21

Exercise 18.10 page 211

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 22

Turning point (5, –1)

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 23

Turning point (2, 0)

Roots given to 2 d.p. Exact values are x  3  14

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 24

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 25

Exercise 18.11 page 214

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 26

Student assessment 1 page 215

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 27

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 28

Student assessment 2 page 216

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 29

b x = –0.8 and 3.3

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 30

c x = –1.6 and 3.1

Student assessment 3 page 217

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 31

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 32

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Teacher’s Guide 33

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