Beyond 3G

: Technology and Market Trends

2008.10.25 Hyung G. Myung

Disclaimer

Any views expressed by the presenter do not necessarily reflect those of presenters employer.

Wireless Evolution

1973

2008

Analog voice

Voice + 3.6 Mbps data + GPS + Full Internet browsing + Multimedia messaging + Multimedia entertainment +
2

Outline
Introduction and Background

Standardization Status

Beyond-3G Systems: 3GPP LTE, 3GPP2 UMB, & WiMAX

Market Trends

Summary and References

3

Introduction and Background

Standardization Status Beyond-3G Systems Market Trends Summary and References

Introduction and Background

Cellular Wireless System Evolution

Generation Comments Systems

1G

Analog speech communications FDMA Digital modulation of speech communications Advanced security and roaming TDMA/narrowband CDMA International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2000 introduced 3G global standard. Global harmonization/roaming and wideband CDMA Systems beyond IMT-2000 (IMT-Advanced) to introduce evolutionary path beyond 3G. Mobile class targets 100 Mbps and nomadic/ local area class targets 1 Gbps.

AMPS GSM IS-95 PDC UMTS/WCDMA cdma2000 TD-SCDMA

2G

3G

4G

3GPP LTE 3GPP2 UMB WiMAX

5

Introduction and Background

Beyond 3G: IMT-Advanced IMT-

*3G Americas, Defining 4G: Understanding the ITU Process for the Next Generation of Wireless Technology, Aug. 2008

Introduction and Background

Beyond 3G: IMT-Advanced IMT Higher data rate

Broader bandwidth Advanced modulation and coding Increased degree of freedom: MIMO

- cont.

Better spectrum efficiency

Multi-carrier modulation

Lower latency
Flat all-IP architecture

Multimedia traffic
Quality of service (QoS) support

Introduction and Background

B3G Enabling Technologies

Multi-carrier modulation
OFDM/OFDMA

Power efficient modulation in the uplink

Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

Frequency domain equalization Multi-antenna technology

Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

Fast channel-dependent multi-carrier resource scheduling Active interference management

Fractional frequency reuse

Introduction and Background

Standardization Status
Beyond-3G Systems Market Trends Summary and References

Standardization Status

3GPP Evolution
Release 99 (Mar. 2000): UMTS/WCDMA Rel-5 (Mar. 2002): HSDPA Rel-6 (Mar. 2005): HSUPA Rel-7 (2007): DL MIMO, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), optimized realtime services (VoIP, gaming, push-to-talk). Long Term Evolution (LTE)
3GPP work on the Evolution of the 3G Mobile System started in November 2004. Standardized in the form of Rel-8.

LTE-Advanced
More bandwidth (up to 100 MHz). Backward compatible with LTE. Standardization in progress (targeted for Rel-10).
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Standardization Status

3GPP2 Evolution

CDMA2000 1X (1999) CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (2000) EV-DO Rev. A (2004): VoIP EV-DO Rev. B (2006): Multi-carrier Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), previously EV-DO Rev. C
Based on EV-DO, IEEE 802.20, and FLASH-OFDM Spec out in Apr. 2007.

11

Standardization Status

WiMAX

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access IEEE 802.16-based system profile maintained by WiMAX Forum
IEEE 802.16 standards only specify PHY and MAC layers. WiMAX specifies overall system profile based on 802.16 air interface. WiMAX Forum certifies system components to ensure inter -operability.

Mobile WiMAX
Based on IEEE 802.16e-2005 and IEEE 802.16-2004 standards.

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Standardization Status

IEEE 802.16 Evolution

802.16 (2002): Line-of-sight fixed operation in 10 to 66 GHz 802.16a (2003): Air interface support for 2 to 11 GHz 802.16d (2004): Minor improvements to fixes to 16a 802.16e (2006): Support for vehicular mobility and asymmetrical link 802.16m (in progress): Higher data rate, reduced latency, and efficient security mechanism

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Introduction and Background Standardization Status

Beyond-3G Systems
Market Trends Summary and References

Beyond-3G Systems

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Multiple access scheme
DL: OFDMA. UL: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA).

Adaptive modulation and coding

DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM Convolutional code and Rel-6 turbo code

Advanced MIMO spatial multiplexing techniques

(2 or 4)x(2 or 4) downlink and uplink supported. Multi-user MIMO also supported.

Support for both FDD and TDD H-ARQ, mobility support, rate control, security, and etc.
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Beyond-3G Systems

LTE Network Architecture

E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
UMTS 3G: UTRAN EPC (Evolved Packet Core)

GGSN SGSN RNC RNC

MME S-GW/P-GW

MME S-GW/P-GW

S1

eNB X2 NB NB NB NB

eNB

eNB

eNB

E-UTRAN
NB: NodeB (base station) RNC: Radio Network Controller SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node eNB: E-UTRAN NodeB MME: Mobility Management Entity S-GW: Serving Gateway P-GW: PDN (Packet Data Network) Gateway

* 3GPP TS 36.300

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Beyond-3G Systems

3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)

Multiples access schemes
Forward link (FL): OFDMA Reverse link (RL): OFDMA & quasi-orthogonal CDMA

Peak data rate

Up to 280 Mbps in FL and up to 68Mbps in RL.

Advanced MIMO and SDMA Low latency Improved interference management techniques Scalable IP-based flat or hierarchical architecture and flexible spectrum allocations
Bandwidth allocations of 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz Support for both FDD and TDD

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Beyond-3G Systems

UMB Network Architecture

1xEV-DO UMB

Internet PDSN RNC

Internet

Gateway IP Network
AN AN

AN: Access Network RNC: Radio Network Controller PDSN: Packet Data Serving Node

AN

AN

AN

AN

AN

AN

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Beyond-3G Systems

Mobile WiMAX (802.16e)

Multiple access scheme
DL & UL: OFDMA

TDD only Scalable spectrum

5, 7, 8.5, and 10 MHz

Advanced MIMO and SDMA QoS, high mobility, handoff, advanced security, etc.

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Beyond-3G Systems

Mobile WiMAX Network Architecture

Mobile terminals

Mobile WiMAX base station

ASN-GW

CSN

ASN ASN
ASN-GW: Access Service Network Gateway ASN: Access Service Network CSN: Core Service Network 20

Beyond-3G Systems

System Comparison
3GPP LTE Channel bandwidth DL multiple access UL multiple access Duplexing Subcarrier mapping Subcarrier hopping Data modulation Subcarrier spacing FFT size (5 MHz) 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz OFDMA SC-FDMA FDD and TDD Localized Yes QPSK, 16QAM, & 64QAM 15 kHz 512 Convolutional coding and turbo coding. 3GPP2 UMB 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 MHz OFDMA OFDMA and CDMA FDD and TDD Localized and distributed Yes QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, & 64QAM 9.6 kHz 512 Convolutional coding, turbo coding, and LDPC coding Mobile WiMAX (802.16e) 5, 7, 8.75, and 10 MHz OFDMA OFDMA TDD Localized and distributed Yes QPSK, 16QAM, & 64QAM 10.94 kHz 512 Convolutional coding and convolutional turbo coding. Block turbo coding and LDPC coding optional. Beamforming, Space-time coding, and spatial multiplexing

Channel coding

MIMO

Multi-layer precoded spatial multiplexing spacetime/frequency block coding, switched transmit diversity, and cyclic delay diversity

Multi-layer precoded spatial multiplexing, space-time transmit diversity, spatial division multiple access, and beamforming.

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Beyond-3G Systems

Peak Data Rate Comparison

System WCDMA (Rel. 99) HSDPA (Rel. 5) HSUPA (Rel. 6) HSPA+ (Rel. 7) LTE (Rel. 8) CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. 0 CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. A CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. B UMB 802.16e WiMAX Wave 1 802.16e WiMAX Wave 2 802.16m DL [Mbps] 2.048 14.4 14.4 42 326 2.4 3.1 9.3 280 23 46 225 UL [Mbps] 0.768 0.768 5.76 11.5 2x2 MIMO 86 4x4 MIMO, 20 MHz 0.153 1.8 5.4 3 radio channels 68 4x4 MIMO, 20 MHz 4 1x2 SIMO, 10 MHz (DL:UL=3:1) 4 2x2 MIMO, 10 MHz (DL:UL=3:1) 33.75 Target values, 20 MHz (DL:UL = 3:1)
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Comment

*Rysavy Research & 3G Americas, EDGE, HSPA and LTE Broadband Innovation, Sep. 2008

Introduction and Background Standardization Status Beyond-3G Systems

Market Trends
Summary and References

Market Trends

Operator Trends
All GSM/UMTS operators are migrating to LTE.
Most will delay commercializing LTE because of HSPA deployment. As was the case with WCDMA, NTT DoCoMo will be the most aggressive in deploying commercial LTE network.

Major CDMA2000 operators likely to defect to LTE.

Verizon Wireless, TELUS, KDDI, etc.

Chinas TD-SCDMA will migrate to LTE-TDD.

China Mobile is planning a trial starting in 2010.

WiMAX is drawing serious attentions mostly from Asia-Pacific region and developing nations.
No major operator commitment except for Sprint Nextel (Xohm).

UMB is practically out of the picture at the moment.

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Market Trends

Device Trends
Ultra Mobile Device (UMD)
Mobile Internet Device (MID), Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), Micro PC, Netbook, etc. Full-fledged OS: Windows XP/Vista, Linux, OS X, etc. Broad range of multimedia software Full internet browsing

UMDs and mobile PCs will be key drivers for mobile data usage.

Asus Eee PC 900 Intel 900MHz CPU with Windows XP 8.9 1024x600 display 1 GB memory with 20 GB SSD 1.3 Mpixel webcam ~$500
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Market Trends

Application Trends
Identifying killer applications will be crucial.

Killer Application

1G: Voice

2G: Voice, SMS

3G: Voice, SMS, full browsing?, UGC?

4G: Voice, SMS, ???

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Market Trends

Application Trends

- cont.

Open platform Example: Apple iPhone App Store

60 million downloads in 30 days. VC Kleiner Perkins starts $100M fund for startups developing iPhone applications.

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Market Trends

Collaborative Trends

Example 1: Amazon Kindle

Wireless eBook Collaboration with Qualcomm and Sprint

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Market Trends

Collaborative Trends
Example 2: Google Android phone
Open Handset Alliance
Operator Handset

- cont.

Chip

Software

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Market Trends

Collaborative Trends
Example 3: Fashion phones
Prada + LG Armani + Samsung

- cont.

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Introduction and Background Beyond-3G Systems Standardization Status Market Trends

Summary and References

Summary and References

Summary
Key technologies of Beyond-3G systems
Multicarrier-based radio air interface
OFDMA and SC-FDMA

Frequency domain equalization IP-based flat network architecture Multi-antenna technology

MIMO

Active interference avoidance and coordination

Fractional frequency re-use (FFR)

Fast frequency-selective multi-carrier resource scheduling

Key Beyond-3G Systems

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) IEEE 802.16-based WiMAX 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)
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Summary and References

Summary
LTE will be the dominant cellular wireless standard for 4G. Ultra mobile devices (UMD) will be the center of mobile devices. Application will be key to the market development.
What is the Killer Application for 3G/4G?

- cont.

Open platform will be essential for attracting users. Multi-industry collaboration will become a major source of innovation.

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Summary and References

References and Resources

IMT-Advanced
ITU web page: http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/rsg5-imt-advanced/ 3G Americas, Defining 4G: Understanding the ITU Process for the Next Generation of Wireless Technology, available at http://3gamericas.org/PDFs/Defining4G2008.pdf

B3G enabling technologies

OFDM/OFDMA
R. van Nee and R. Prasad, OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications, Artech House, 2000.

SC-FDMA
H. G. Myung and D. J. Goodman, Single Carrier FDMA: A New Air Interface for Long Term Evolution, John Wiley & Sons, 2008. H. G. Myung et al., Single Carrier FDMA for Uplink Wireless Transmission, IEEE Vehicular Technology Mag., vol. 1, no. 3, Sep. 2006. http://hgmyung.googlepages.com/scfdma
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Summary and References

References and Resources

Frequency domain equalization

- cont.

D. Falconer et al., Frequency Domain Equalization for Single-Carrier Broadband Wireless Systems, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 4, Apr. 2002, pp. 58-66.

MIMO
A. Paulraj et al., Introduction to Space-Time Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, May 2003. G. L. Stber et al., Broadband MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications , Proceedings of the IEEE, Feb. 2004, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 271-294.

Multicarrier scheduling
G. Song and Y. Li, Utility-based Resource Allocation and Scheduling in OFDM-based Wireless Broadband Networks, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 43, no. 12, Dec. 2005, pp. 127-134.

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Summary and References

References and Resources

- cont.

3GPP LTE
http://www.LTEwatch.com Spec
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36-series.htm http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25814.htm (old)

E. Dahlman et al., 3G Evolution: HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband, Academic Press, 2008 3G Americas, UMTS Evolution: From 3GPP Release 7 to Release 8, HSPA and SAE/LTE" available at http://3gamericas.org/PDFs/3GPPRel-7andRel-8_White_Paper0708-08.pdf

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Summary and References

References and Resources

3GPP2 UMB
Spec (C.S0084 series)
http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm

- cont.

CTIA Wireless 2007 Special Interest Seminar on UMB available at http://www.cdg.org/news/events/CDMASeminar/070327_UMB/in dex.asp CDG Evolution Path available at http://www.cdg.org/news/events/webcast/061213_webcast/CD G%20Charts%20for%20Roadmap%20Webcast_13DEC2006F.pdf

FLASH-OFDM
R. Laroia et al., Designing a Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Network, IEEE Signal Proc. Mag., vol. 21, no. 5, Sep. 2004, pp. 2028

37

Summary and References

References and Resources

WiMAX
IEEE 802.16e Spec

- cont.

http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf

WiMAX Forum Mobile System Profile: http://www.wimaxforum.org/ technology/documents/wimax_forum_mobile_system_profile_v1_ 40.pdf WiMAX Forum, Mobile WiMAX - Part I: A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluation, available at http://www.wimaxforum.or g/technology/downloads/Mobile_WiMAX_Part1_Overview_and_P erformance.pdf K. Balachandran et al., Design and Analysis of an IEEE 802.16ebased OFDMA Communication System, Bell Labs Tech. Jour., vol. 11, no. 4, Mar. 2007, pp. 53-73 IEEE 802.16m activities
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/16/tgm/

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Summary and References

References and Resources

4G market reports

- cont.

The Road to 4G: LTE and WiMAX Lead the Way Worldwide, In-Stat (Oct. '08) The Future of Mobile WiMAX: Where, When & How Much?, Unstrung Insider (Sep. 08) 4G Inside: Embedded Modules for Mobile WiMAX & LTE, Unstrung Insider (Jul. 08) Long Term Evolution, ABI research (Jun. 08) Mobile WiMAX in Asia-Pacific, ABI research (May, 08) The LTE Business Case: Operator and Vendor Strategies, ARCchart (Apr. 08) 4G Intellectual Property and Royalties, ABI research (Mar., 08) Evolved HSPA & the Roadmap to LTE, Unstrung Insider (Oct. 07) The Road to 4G: Will LTE, UMB and WiMAX Just Be Stops Along the Way?, In-Stat (Aug. 07)
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Thank you!
2008.10.25 Hyung G. Myung