VIRUS VS BACTERIA VIRUS viruses are far smaller than the bacteria could not be see until the

electron microscope was invented in the 1940s viruses are not complete cells that can function on their own. They cannot convert carbohydrates to energy, the way that bacteria and other living cells do. Viruses depend on other organisms for energy. viruses cannot reproduce unless they get inside a living cell Most viruses consist only of tiny particles of nucleic acid (the material that makes up genes) surrounded by a coat of protein. Some have an outer envelope as well. There are thousands of viruses, and in humans they cause a wide range of diseases.
viruses need to enter the cell of another organism before they can be active and can reproduce.

Secondly, you will be told that viruses consist of two or three parts: All viruses have genes made from either DNA or RNA All viruses have a protein coat that protects these genes Some viruses have an envelope of fat that surrounds them when they are outside a cell.

Viral Characteristics

Not living organisms (not complete cells that can function on their own) Non-cellular (no internal cellular structure,no cell wall,no cell membrane) Consist only of tiny particles of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) , the material that makes up genes, surrounded by a coat of protein (capsid) Isnt a cell and cannot grow or replicate on their own (inactive particles)

virus reproduction

virus structure

Need to enter the cell of another organism (host cells) before they can be active and can reproduce Lack ribosomes & enzymes, needed for protein synthesis or metabolism Cannot convert carbohydrates to energy, the way that bacteria and other living cells do (depend on other organisms for energy) Are extremely small particles ranging from 20 - 400 nanometers on average (far smaller than the bacteria) Extremely harmful to human , cannot be destroyed so easily

HIV virus

SWINE FLU H1N1 virus

AVIAN FLU virus

Viruses are classified into 2 main groups by their nucleic acid --- DNA or RNA Viruses Shaped determined by the arrangement of proteins making up the capsid Some viruses have an envelope of fat that surrounds when they are outside a cell Viruses rely on other cells to multiply ,a certain cell will take the virus in and start making copies of the virus. When the viruses are ready to "live" outside the cell, they will break through the cell and finds other cells to repeat the multiplication process.

Bacterial Characteristics

Found in most habitats, most numerous organisms on earth A single cell (living organisms), unicellular, they eat and discharge 100 times bigger than the average size of virus Grouped into 2 kingdoms --- Eubacteria (true bacteria) & Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) Most bacteria grow best at a pH of 6.5 to 7.0, easily able to survive all kinds of environments and flourish easily Some bacteria breakdown chemical & oil spills, organic matters to destroy harmful parasites (beneficial to human) Some cause diseases, 99 percent are harmless Some are neutral (they dont help human but they dont harm human either) Microscopic prokaryotes (no nucleus), do not have vacuoles, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic or other organelles inside the cells Main decomposers of dead organisms so recycle nutrients

bacterial structure

Surrounded by protective cell wall containing peptidoglycan (proteincarbohydrate) Contain ribosomes, nucleoid (DNA), a cell wall, cytoplasm and a flagellum Have only one circular chromosome, have small rings of DNA called plasmids May have short, hair like projections called pili on cell wall to attach to host or another bacteria when transferring genetic material Reproduce asexually (binary fusion) by splitting into two cells and making exact copy of themselves Some can form protective endospores (protective coating of sugars called the capsule or glycocalyx, can attach to other bacteria or host) around the DNA, when conditions become unfavorable; may stay inactive several years & then re-activate when conditions favorable