H~}=_, H$Q~_~# J ~`

The Meaning of Holy Qur'an-Telugu)

Y~P< "=$`O
"#"^O: J| W~<

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<# g ^Q~ ~ O_ == =^e\ `<#. D ~ O_\x
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^$_O Q @Hx PKiOK"~ Zx\H ^i ` ~. "\ XH\,
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^=QO^O (Y~P<). ~O_ < =K<, O^ (n).
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==H ==^ (O)
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WqH iO ~@O, O^ =
<, K`
|*O,

^O^-2,+914066710795, +919441515414

=#"oH "Q@

Y~< WO=` =}H QO^O . k=Y~< ==^ =H ^~

"=_# Q=O`x "} Jx WO=` qO. Yb J||H~
HO ==^ =H =K<h QO^=~. Y~< =`
QO^" H^, <QO^O _. WO^ r=#^u, PK~==~
# H = |n H i OK~ . E^x, =^x x+k O K~ . t ` #
x~OK~. x @ =iO` ^` =iOK=#x K~.
Y~< |~`x J#=uOK_" HO_ =iOK_O "#H
P<\ PiH =lH i}= q+ }
H#|_`Ok. P<\ J~` Q

~x OK_xH WO uOz# "#O WO^ QiOK=K.
` ^$+` Y~<# q+OK_OQx, XHJOK< ~=_O Qx
H+". Y~<# Q J~O KH"O> ^Q, iQ K^"e.
Meanin of Holy Quran

Y~P<

"=$`O
"#"^O
J| W~<

WqH i~ O@~
K`|*~, ^~^2

Y~< "=$`O
"#"^O: J| W~<
`
WqH i~ O@~
K` |*~, ^~^2
": ~. 250/

Y~< JO^iH JO^@x HO HO`=Ok ~~

Y~< ^## =HHiOz# O@# Ki` Z< H#|_`~.
O KOx =~= O` _ a J#"^ K~|_ #O`
OQ, "QOQ Y~< K~H=_O = K#+" [iyOk. Of
+ Y~< J#"^ "=_H=_O "#H HO`=Ok ~~
POH, J#=~ _ XH H~}=< Ke. D `
QOQ =z# Of J#"^ =YOQ `Q Q`O =z#
J#"^ _ =QOQ H=_O, QOkHO LO__O= Z=~
JO`Q \OKH^.
W<H `Q O^~e, JO^iH J~= q^OQ
J#=kOK_O J`O`u H#|~z# J|W~< Ja#O^h_.
Y~< J#"^O Z^~ W|O^#, H+`# q=iOz# =O^
=@ ^~ J#"^H~ x*~fx, x|^`# QiOKQO. D Hx
J~aH e`, ^x J#"^O` @ Wz# ^i H
q+ x O
Q q=i~. D H$+ q*#^H"#k.

H.. JH =~ ('"~ k#uH22.5.2005)

Y~P< "=$`O
Name of the Title:
Translation of the Text
Translation of the Text
meaning with foot notes :
Checking of Text Translation
with Original Text:

Qur'an Bhavamrutham (Telugu)

(Meaning of the Holy Qur'an)
Abul Irfan
(1) Moulana Mohammed Omeri
Abu Abdullah, Hyderabad
M.A., M.Phil

(2) S.M. Quadri, HeadMaster

(Kalloor (Kammam Dt.)
(3) Hafiz, Moulvi S.M.Rasool
Jamiatul Qur'an, Hyderabad
Checking of Arabic Text
with Original Script:

Qaari Muhammed Aarifuddin

Quraishi, Hyderabad

Editing and Proof reading:

(Telugu)

(1) Abdul Wahed

(Sub-Editor, Geeturai Weekly)

Opinion On Over all Translation: (1) S.M. Mallick, Editor

Geeturai Weekly, Hyderabad
(2) Moulana Qalid Saifullah
Rahmani, Hyderabad

All rights reserved with:

Islamic Resource Centre

First Edition-

January, 2004

(1000 Copies):

Second Edition- (1000 Copies):

August, 2004

Third Edition- (1000 Copies):

April, 2005

Fourth Edition- (2000 Copies):

March, 2006

Published by:

Islamic Resource Centre

Lakkadkot, Chatta Bazar,
Hyderabad-2, Ph: 66710795

Type set by:

Alifain, Geeturai Graphics

Lakkadkot, Chatta Bazar,
Hyderabad-500002

Printed at:
Price:

Cosmic Printers, Lakkad kot,

Chatta Bazar, Hyderabad-2
Rs. 250/-

Y~P< "=$`O

(q+ zH)

Y~P< "=$`O

q+zH
w@~~ "~uH O^x JaO
(Opinion of S.M. Mallick, Editor Geeturai weekly)

=QO^O q` Y~P<x K^=_O, J~O KH=_O, ^x P^

J#Q}OQ PKiOK_O , =#=rq` ~= ~O HQey` D O KO JO`
H< Q QO =~H\ H*^. nxH `_Q `\ =#= ^~
^x J~O KHQeQ "i +H ^x J#"^O K_O Z#x
=QO J#_O Z@=O\ O^O ^. q` J| W~< J@
=O\ =`~=~# }H~xH #_OH\~, Ja#O^h.
W\H Y~P< L^O^xH ~O_ =_ `Q J#"^ =~\
L<~. J~` H=O }H` =`" HH Q=~#,
JO^iH ^H = ~# ~ = ~# `Q+ Y~P<x *=<xH
JO^* Ja+` q` J| W~< iH` J#"^O `#^~#
e K `Q[ JO^*x `@_O hO.
J| W~< Q~ `Q == z~iz` ~K~`. ZO`
HO w@~~ "~uH, =uH` =__ L# J#=O P#k.
=~ J#"^O ^h J#iOKO_ P# OQ K# Y~P< J#
"^x ijeOz JO^x QQe ZuKQ *#O < H~
#\H q` J| W~<` <# x`O ^$ P# H$+ U_
H@ PO^ =## O^Q^# #=HO <Ok.
^=O < q`x =# ^` HiOz `y# ux kOK
x q#= $^O` "_O@<#.

(O) =eH
(Z. Z". =eH)
`k: 241203

Opinions of Famous Scholars:

(1) Moulana Qalid Saifullah Rahmani, Chairman, Al-Mahadul Ali
Al-Islami, Hyderabad (A.P.) ...........See page 767
(2) Moulana Muhammad Al-Omeri Abu Abdullah, President, Darul
Imam Ibne Hajr, Hyderabad (A.P.) ........See page 768

<O.

q+ O

1.
2.
3.

=O^=@
L^`O
J^O (~)

10
13

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.

~OO (u)
Q= (|Y~)
W=< @O|O (Pe W=<)

(x)
=_O z# qi (=~^)
= (J<P")
tY~ (P~)
=~ ` (J<)
`O (`)
# (#)
^ (^)
()
"Q~# (~^)
WO (WO)
* " (*)
`<\
Q (#)
W~ O`u (|h W~)
=aO (H )
=~O (=~O)
` (`)
^= =H
(JOa)
* ` (*)
q ("qh<)

7
286
200
176
120
165
206
75
129
109
123
111
43
52
99
128
111
110
98
135
112
78
118

21
23
87
123
163
190
216
250
264
290
307
324
340
348
357
364
381
397
412
421
433
446
458

Y~P< "=$`O
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

(q+ zH)

*u (#~)
w@~~ ( ~<)
H= (+J~)
p= (#=)
Q^
(Y)
~Q (J#|`)
~" " (~")
M< (M<)
OQ }=O (*)
xH ^ (J )
*u ()
$+H ~ (u~)
< (<)
O
fi#"~ (`)
^ (^)
|$O^ (A=~)
q ("q<)
g" (g")
OkO (+~)
|OQ~ #Q (AY)
Q (^M<)
|_#"_ (* )
WHHO_ < (JM)
==^O (==^)
q[O (` )
x" Q$ (A~`)
M (M)

64
77
227
93
88
69
60
34
30
73
54
45
83
182
88
75
85
54
53
89
59
37
35
38
29
18
45

7
470
486
494
507
519
531
540
548
553
557
573
581
587
594
602
609
620
630
639
647
655
659
663
670
675
682
688

(q+ zH)
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.

Qe^=~O (*i)
`~ ~ `O (`~)
#H `O (#*)
KO^_ (Y=~)
H~ }=_ (~ <)
O @# ("d)
W#= (n^)
"k# (=*^)
^O_ ` (+)
sH` = (== <)
xH OH ()
="O (A=P)
H@
q (=<Y
<)
[[ (`Q|<)
q_ (`M)
x+^O (`O)
q~=`O (=)
HO (YO)
~= ^~O (M)
P~}< (=Pi*)
# =H (#)
`= (l<)
^\ xkOK"_ (=[q)
^\ _ #"_ (=^ ~)

O (d=)
=O (^ ~)
(~`)=< (=~`)

Y~P< "=$`O
60
49
62
55
78
96
29
22
24
13
14
11
11
18
12
12
30
52
52
44
28
28
20
56
40
31
50

693
698
701
706
710
715
720
728
733
741
745
751
754
757
760
764
767
770
773
776
778
781
783
785
789
790
793

Y~P< "=$`O

(q+ zH)

78. OK<`H "~ (#)

79. ^iQ"~ (<lP`)
80. $ \ =_K_ (J|)
81. KK @ (`H ~)
82. c@ (Wx`~)
83. =O (=`<)
84. YO_# (WxMM)
85. PH|~A (|~*)
86. ` #H `O (`iM)
87. =#`_ (P)
88. =OKH# = (Q+ )
89. `HO ( *)
90. @}
O (|^)
91. ~_ (+" )
92. ~u (
)
93. Q\
"~ (A)
94. =#Ou (J"#+ )
95. JOE~O (f<)
96. Q_H \
# ~HO (JM)
97. #` (Y^)
98. q+ =}O (|~#)
99. HOO (l*)
100. `~OQO (Pk`)
101. =^=O (MiP)
102. OzH ""O (`H~)
103. HKHO (J)
104. xOkOK"_ (=*)
105. U#Q (
)

40
46
42
29
19
36
25
22
17
19
26
30
20
15
21
11
8
8
19
5
8
8
11
11
8
3
8
5

9
795
797
800
802
803
804
807
809
811
812
813
814
818
820
821
822
822
823
824
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834

10

(q+ zH)

106. Y~+

(Y~+ )
4
107. ^~} qxQ == (=T<) 7
108. ~=~O (H~)
3
109. Jq (H~ <)
6
110. O (#)
3
111. Jy* ()
5
112. UH~` O (WM)
4
113. J~}^ O (
M)
5
114. =#"o (<)
6
4. (1) OH =K~O1

(2) OH =K~O2

5. (1) q+ ^ix1

(2) q+ ^ix2

6. (1) OH (Abbreviations)

(2) q~= z (~=*)

(3) n ^~ }O Y~P<

Y~P< "=$`O
836
837
838
839
840
840
841
842
844
847
851
882
898
020
846
881

Y~P< "=$`O

11

=~^=@
H< H`~ =OH =k `~ "^x F q+xH <_ PK#
He~z, ~H |qz JHOO~ Wz# OOxH H> H$`[`
=i~K H~@, D iH` JHO O ~ Qi~z OH =~^ O~_ =_
=@ L~K`<#.
=#o =O^ O #~ H~ J=`i~z# J~u= ^= Q~^~ - k=YOP<x
[H iK~ K~^H J<H=~k J<H q^ @_O. ^x qq^
+ qq^ H} ^O ^H ~ K _xH H$+ [iy~k. J` J#^
q+xH XH + #~_ =OH +H J#^~ K_=~> HOO
` ` H_# ==O~. =+x ^* x, *f# O~_= +H
=O_~ J#H#~` `eH# x H^. =+x =*x, ^x i>x
iQ fH O~> XHi Hx ^# `Q~ K= L~@~k.
=iHx ^` q+ x qnHi~K = =~ k. J~^ =`Q~^#,
` H~z k= YOP<x HO } Q, H~H "H ~^~ x =#
`Q +H J#= k~K_=~> Hu g^ = K_".
=`Q~^# J#=k~K_= ~> [~Q Z=iH<
". k=YOP<x
`` LO
J#=k~z#O =+H O }
H `y# K fH=_xH Z~`
_O. W~> q` HO~ ^=xH _=~^. Hx J
J#=k~K | _ # + ^O [ YO P < i> x , ^x H x JO ~
KH=_xH K _= =~k. W~> J#^~ ^O}~Q
[#=<x J~`Q PH@H *^. ``e`~Q ^=} ^iH, L#`
q^=~` =`" iq`= L~@~k. J L~_~k H_.
J` H#Q}~Q J#"^ H H_ Qu k~K. LO

=# [H `~ JO= su J#"^ Ki~K|_. WH
`Q J#"^ q+ xH Wq~H = ^
< L<x K =K. J~u=
^="}x @^@ `Q + J#=k~z# =Q~ XH ~^=
^OxH a~z~k. _HO zHi <O}O= QO ''HO# +s O`
D =HOx 1925 k~KO. P `O` J^~_H ==^
M M< QO zH ii J#"^ ~ ^+ + ~ Q =~^ x ,
~^#~Q =~^x 14-7-1930 <> P~^ (k#)uH XH q=O#
"~ O, ^x =_> #=~`O= Qiz# `~` 1941
''YOP<+s i@ =OH J#"^~ KO. J` P# `qk J^
(`O =OH) =`" J#=k~KO. Q~kH + =# D O~_
J#"^ ` ~ =O> a~K_~ ^ .
P `O` =b J|QO QO 1948 ''YOP< =r^ O ~H
"M#~` H_# XH J#"^~ O~_ ~> "=i~KO. Wk H_

12

(=O^ =@)

Y~P< "=$`O

Q~kH +< =~k. HH` O~_ J#^` e` D J#"^~ H

"OQ# kQ, =Q" # kQ L~^#_~ ~^ ~ ^ . P `O "` `Q WqH
aH+<, ^~^ "i `O# +M g^ +s QO D ^=Q~^x
"=iH + J#=k~K_xH #H<O. D J#^~ 1995 O
=O>H =z~k. Wk =< J|P =^k Qi LO J#^~
P^O~Q J#=k~K|_# "@ "^> "=iH Q~^~.
D q^~ Q =# `Q + H_ k= YOP<x qa# H} #~_
^H~ K_xH H$+ [iy~k. J` LO+ [iy# H$+` e`
`Q + [iy# H$+ <==`". JnQH JOc+ =# D qt+
Q~^O*xH W`O + Z~` = K< `H". Zx H} #~_
J#=k~z< =iHx H} qye`< =~>. <# w@O uH
=K# 20 ~_ H~ D "" < Q=x~K#. nx Qi~z < q``
H_ `OKQ Ki L~_"_. Hx `= =O~ H#OH =#~Q
=~_= =z~k.
J` H<H P q` [#=<x ^$+ @Hx =O
J#"^xH NHO~ K@=x ## O~KO. <h =@ qx #OK#
_ #. U q^~ Q K< JO`x D J_ J~`> ~ K Q_
Jx ## <# Z< O t~KH<#. =O H ^= =H (~ ) =K<
H_ ## < ^`# QOK H=O OKQ. W H~` H~ <
<# `=`=, z=iH ZQ ^=x g^ O~" x "^>#. P
= ^ = =_~_ D q` HO~ =y~k.
<# =# *hHx ^$+
@Hx =*~ ^|u#H~_ g# ~`
=OH `@`Q K#^~ K#. K#"^=x K|`#>H W~^
# OHH JH_H_ Hx Jiz`"# ^, "H Hx. Hx
K#"^~ <# W~`H~ > ZH= ~KH #. D J#"^~
<# "xH J`kH ^#O WK#. J~^= nx "#"^=x K _"
ZH= =~[~Q =~@~k. D HO}~Q< <# g K` =# D k=
Q~^xH ''Y~P< "=$`~ Jx O >#.
D J#"^xH OH < xO`
. =O~ Q#, O~ Q# U<
O@ [iy=~> =e =^} =i~K_xH gQ D J_ ^$+H fH
O=~kQ OH = H q#~Q =#q K H~@<#. D x
<H qq^ O HO J~^*# `H, a+H
x~_ =#` H$`[`
KC H~@<#.

J| WO<
(J#^H _)
^O ^, 22-8-2003

Y~P< "=$`O

13

Q~^ OK#H `__# W`O H

I (1) YOP< =r^ (LO) ................. =< ` ==^ *~^s
(2) YOP< =r^ (LO) ................ =< J+ Je ^#q
(3) `= YOP< (LO) ........ =< J| P =^k
(4) YOP< +s (LO) ................... =< J| M^O
(5) YOP< =r^ (LO) ................. =< On<
(6) ^=` YOP< (LO) ............. =< + O^
(7) P< `O= YOP< ........... =< ==^ OM M<
(8) `^|O YOP< (LO) ......... =< Jg< J< W
(9) YOP<Hs~ (J#^~) ............... =< ==^ E<Q_
(n K~})...(M#~) .............. =< n<
(10) YOP<Hs~...(J#^~) ............. =< =^ <
(n KO})...(M#~) .............. =< +cO J^ Lx
(11) J= YOP< (LO)............ (HO): *^ =eH
(J#^~) ......................................... ` ==^ *~^s
(12) L= YOP< .............. =< [ ==^ `v Lh
(13) Y~P< =r^ H `~ (L~).... (~K#) =< ^n< W
II (14) k gx~Q Pk YOP< (W~w+)....==^ =O_H H
(15) k b YOP< (W~w+) ................... =< J| Je
(16) k gx~Q P k YOP< (W~w+)....~.Z.H. O<
III (17) YOP< +s (`Q) .................... ==^ M~ M<
(18) YOP< =r^ (`Q) .................. =b ==^ J| QO
(19) k= Y~P< (`Q) .......................+M g^ +s

14

Y~P< "=$`O

L^`~
''<# J~> Z=O? < sO=? < sO~x P`? < =H` =?
< H =O? < JaO K? < sO=` P sOx <# W`O H

#~_ Z~^H H_HH `<#? < P` J` P P`# ^ ~

#~_ |>H _H~_ Z~^H xOk~KH `<#? < =H`O
J` P =H` xH q `~ HQH ~_ Z~^H OH~ KHH `<#?
< H =O` Jq xsO~ HH~_ >H OH}
Z~^H He~KH
`<#? < JaOK` >x <<~^H iQ <OOHH
`<#? J#~`H> r=O, Q , #H `` x~_# D q
q~ < #~ Uq>? <<H _~z =K#? uiy ZH_H "e? JH_
< iu Uq>? ## H~> K i"> H~> U^~< =~^ D
~K~?
W t~KH~@ ` Z_`Qx D H J` PHO}~Q
q#H q#H =~@ F J+"# =^#~ a~k =#H. J^
''^=_. D xd [Qux, J~^x = ==e ^=_ $+~K_?
=` $+Oe P< H~> K<_? =# H+MH P<
=HOH _? =# r=#O} P# Jn#~< =<? JC_C _
~q # HO =H@H, #`#, H~ #H P# J^$
" =~^? P# =# "Oe PH~KQ
_? >H u~k~KQ
_?

=O =#H =O^O
D x>H =# |n, J~`O` [~Q< ''B# Jx
=^# q. J~`H^, P qHOH, =#H =^ U^ Jq<#
~|~^~ H_ L~_ =~@~^x =# J~`O~ Q~ + ~ k. J~` P
~ |~^ ~ Uq> ? ^x =#H ` e O = O ? hu=~` ,
x*fO , uH, ^KO ~## =h, =O

=`" D ~|~^~ Qi~z =#oH `e * QOx, `e *Ox
=`Ki` =#H `e*~k. P =he, =Oe Qi~z, i
^=$`x Pk~K QeQ"O ^# !
P =O
`=`= H `=H q = ~# J=$`
Hx J~u` J=> # =#= $^
H zeH~z "iH
^fOO. J~> =Ox J~u= =i =h ==^
(P# ~f =i~KQH). P J=$` Hx J~u= J=$`

Y~P< "=$`O

(L^`O )

15

~_" k=YOP<. ==^ =hx (~) J=`i~z# D

^="} J*<~^HO~ `K_`~_# J~MH"# =#=H *#
H~u k~z i rq` =~Q ~i~z~k <>H ~i~k.
WH=~^
~ =OH ~i~KQ
UHH HOn H H_ W^. J~^=
J`~`HH O " # D Q~^~ Qi~z H^ Q `H=# P=H`
<_ Z~`< =~k.

Q` Q~^
D Q~^~ Qi~z `H< =~^ nxH O~ J=`i~z#
^= Q~^ =>q> J< H~^i L^~ k. nxH k=YOP<
=^# q~k. D Q~^~ J~^*# =KO~ HO~ ^^ u
Q~, u ^~ , u *u =#=H OA=O~ K_xH, rq`
`# k~K_xH xO O , x++# =O
q ~KO.
"ix ^= =H
, ^= ~^ O J~>O. "i kq #~_ ^= Q~^
J=`i~K. [|O, `O`, W~r =QO D H=H K~k#". (Wq ` ~
a Q O~`O~ K~k=<.) YOP< q~K|_x =`Q~^
H_ ~OHO ^=H Q~^ J=~_=K. H^x xO~^~Q
Y~_~K_xH PO" n Hx~K^ .
J` O~ ^= Q~^~ J=`i~z# H~`H~ =OH > ^#
OH` ~ Q =~_q. P `O ` O O , ^Oa= # >x =OH,
KO H QiK J~^ ^= H" ^, =#= "^[x`" ^ PO~ HH~_
KO. uiy ^=_ =#=e J~^H O~ #~_ f Q@ #_~ K
_xH =O k=Q~^x J=`i~ *"_. W Q`Q~^~ =OH,
KO H QO [ OA=O~ ` #C_ ^=_ =O Q~^~
J=`i~* , J<k #~_ <> =OH H WO <Q " =~k =H

^O Z< Q~^# J=`i~* _. z=iiQ ==^ =H (~ )

^O k=YOP<x J=`iO* _.
D Q~^x> O~~ XH>. W=h XH q+x k~K,
$+H O , q, O O_, =, +H _, O "HH _, P^~^= _,
P^"
H_, Pk=^~`O `_ J# ^=_ =`" PO^# H
JO_. P# ` =O PO^_ _ = r=#O~Q P#
P[ tO=~Ke P# ^=`~, Q}Q}, H=O
W`O e Q=Q K H_^ . D ~ K~ F } =le, sH
"kH, ``eH ~. =O}#~`O~ u =x+ `# HO # Qi~z ^=x
<#~ H K = =~@~k. HO qKO} `O ` O~ ^

16

(L^`O )

Y~P< "=$`O

#OH~ O~ J`xH ` u
~ a ~ k.
Wg P Q~^x =eH ^# . D ^# ` H_# ^O < ''W~
J~>O. J~> `@`e ^= =H (Pk=#=_) J# [` P^~ (J )
#~_ z@z=i ^= =H [` ==^ (~ ) =OH ^= =H
~` W~
^O < =#=H k =KO#=@
Hx D ^# D<_ XH YOP< ` =OW`O =`Q~^
+~Q, ~O~Q H#O=. D Q~^ UH ^O^#` @ u`~,
|^ O^# H_ K@ K H<. O= q`_, J^O} H
~#_# ^=xH =#= |#` Pk~K|_, PO^< =~
^H, ^#=~kOH iq`~ K |_~k. =#`~, ~ H
<H `@ _. #s=~ #O# Q =i~k. =O}#~`O
[|^s =# =@ =" ~k. ^=H q+ =#=
He`` H+`" .

HOpH> H~uOY
D HO}~Q< HO}=_# ^=_ D HeQ~ H@H_>
=O^ i xQ k=YOP<x J=`i~* _. nx =#oH J~^* # =i
==^ (~ ) z@z=i ^= =H. # U ~ Px ^=_
`# =HQ xq~K_. ^xH O~ Jqhu, Jj~, =^=#~,
=aKO~, J<~, ^Q, "~, ^_, ^O< ` x~_# P<> JO|
=[~ P =h_ OH O` ~, HOpH>
H~uOY
Z~` q` rq`~ Q_ O. O^g` @ = ==O
P# J=# hfx*f# ^i~z JO|[ ''Jg<
(x*fO _)Q, ''kM (` ~^ _)Q k K~^O.
J~^=< =h ==^ (O) ^=_ `## ^==HQ
xq~z `# ^QiH k=~^O O`<_x H>~z#C_ P#
Q`K
i ` Ziy#i =~zx q~K"~O` [~Q< P# =@e
#=O. P#H KO `= rq`# ~i~KH<O. P
=hx J_Q*_ #_K H~@ "O =` JOa# <u H
#~^#=#~Q fik^O . P# J=`i~z# k=YOP< J*<~^H Ox
>~K K~ k. z=iH XH P^=H ~ q# PO }
^i ~z
O~_ K`` |~QOx ZQO, XH ^=x ~ ` =O=i ~
H~_ X~@iQ < #~_ *=`H }~ KQe~^~> Jk
YOP< =`".

Y~P< "=$`O

(L^`O )

17

^="}, =#=qOz`=?
W~`H k=YOP< H` ^= } H ^q HO} ^O LxH
H =z# =#= qOz`=? ^= } J` Jk <_ =#^H OH` ~ Q
Ki~^ H U"< =OH, KO H #~^? D J#=< x=$u
J, YOP< H` ^= "H Jx, Jk `# J O~ OH` ~ Q
=#H Ki~^x ^$=_#C_ =#H ^x g^ #=H~ H^O`~k.
<|^~Q Pz~z<, Ki`H ^$+` gH~z< YOP< q+~
a~K@~`> Q> =}H` , Ki`H P^O =O =`Q~^~ q+ ~
=#H a~K=. YOP< q+ ~< H^, ==^ =H (~ ) rq`
q# Qi~z H_ >+ # Ki`H P^O =<. P# rq`
q# `H~Q K, P# J=$` =K<# Pk~z#
J#KO rq` q# Qi~z, P J#KO e ` H~ Q HHx i
^O =H rq`q# Hi~z# =H
*H H , Q}Q}# Qi~z
H_ Q> P^O L<.
YOP< ^= } , =#=He`= J< q+ ~ =KH ^= =H
(~) rq`H~x O~_ ~@#e Qi~z =#qH_ =~^Q
`H~^~.
u Q~# ^= =H
` ~ `z#C_ "ix J_H =_xH
` qO^ H_ ` O O. J~u= ^= =H ==^ (~ )#
H_ xOk~K_xH P<_ JOa `qO^ `OO.
=<H K~k# Q "^q, =Y Hq, ^`Q <H_ `
^
*` H~ =H @~ =<_x Fi D `qO^H
`e~k. "~@< O @~ " ` ^x HHx,
==^ =hx (~)H, k=YOP<H =uOH~Q J`xH Q
#i O. ==^ (O) K ==@ q~> =x+ =O
+ _ = `_x ^O Q >O .
"i ^O^ q# ^ x[" H J#Hx ==^ =H (~ )
" H<u H_ K~^H ~K ^. H=~kO~ ==^
=H (~ ) YOP< i ~ >, ^ H^H }
K P "} `# K=H
HH~_ L~_~^ K= ^k @H<_. J` ZQ YOP<
H"H> J`x Kq _< _~ k. Hx J~^ =H<H K
#@ K_g ^ . J~^= J`# O~_ H}
Py P }x H *Q`Q
PH~K_. ^~` J`x $^~ gk J O H=~Q `y
. J`# #OK# _ _.

18

(L^`O )

Y~P< "=$`O

`# "^q, Hq. `#H =~zK_, ``# qKH}K

*#~, L#`~Q Pz~K "^ =<. J~@C_ P# =@
Z~^H q#H_^ ? =~z =@~` O, =~zq HH` ` K=K.
D PK#` ` ^ ^==H(~) YOP< O}~ =y~z
"oH P# "#H #_z P# W~>H KO H<_. JH_ `##
`# iK ~ K Hx `<z# L^ x `e_. ^= =H (~ ) J`_
P^i~z YOP<x Hx H qx~KO. J~`, J`x =#H~
H=~`=~k. =#O ` ^O ~ Hi~z ~`+~Q "o_.
=OH "^q (L`) |^O^H uxkQ `^Ox
xOk~K_xH ^= =H (~ ) ^Qi H o, J# <@ YOP< "} qx, Wk
H=K Hq`"} H^x, =~uH eH =~`
H H_ H^x
Wk `x~`H O~ Z#_ ZOQx J^` } Jx Q ~K_. D q+ <
J`# =H <H` J<_.
JQ W~ Qi~z x*x* `H=_xH Jax #~_
=z# F H = ~_`= O~ =H <@ D"} q#~`< Ji` #<`
`x Hi~z~k. #*< #~_ =z# =OH H = =O~ ^O~ =~^H
=z#>H H =~ ~zH [< =^HH `x Hi~K^ .
J` `= =`Q~^~ J~u= ^==H Qi~z# q+` H@#
Kkq =#~^# ==^ (~ ) ^= =H # x, Q ~z~k. ''=# L

J` ^=O "# ^=_ <#~ K QH Jx =#~ =# Oe
fHx =}~K^~ ~~_ Jx =h ==^ (~ ) ez#_
D HO}~Q< "O =}~ K _xH "#H~[ "O.

YOP< K~*!
k=YOP<x ex, q+fO# Q=x, Wk `H~_
^= }#x =# J~`O` J `~Q + ~ k. J~^= YOP<x
He, > ex ije~z ~`~Q Pz~K=x ^=_ =#=e
HO`<_.
''"O YOP< Qi~z Pz~KO? Wk J =^# ~_ QH =O=i
=^ #~_ =z =~> W~^ Z~` ="O ^ ~ L~_k H^! (4:82)
^=cu, OH z~`# =$u Qix H^e~K_xH W~>
H< L< D Q~^~. ~K*O# Qi~z, J~`O`
^# # <H># "ix Qi~z =`~ =#~ Ug J#=. J~>"i
=~^ Zx =} =z< Kq>_ =~^ ~Y~ Tk#> J=`~k.

Y~P< "=$`O

(L^`O )

19

HH` D Q~^~ ^= "} H^ Jx J#=#~ _" iH ~Q

YOP< W XH qO `~k:
''XH" = ^x J=`i~* # DQ~^~ @ gH^< J#=#~
=~>, W~^ L#@=~> F J^~ Oz~z fH O~_. Dx H~
XH ^=_ =^e g H~^s KH~_. gO ` =~`` D
x K K~_. gs x K H `----Z~`=`~ K O ---=#+,
} W~^# ~ HQ #OHyH
_~ _. ` uOO H~ Jk
^ O K
| _ =~k. (223)
D # D<>=OH Z=O Z^OH O. ^= =H ()
H~ QQ H=, OK
` D # Z^OH K` ` O.
XHi H=O~ H~ ''HO J^~x "^> Hx F KO O
O HQ_H "_ n_~ [iy~k. ^x i~K_xH K=~k
H= u~KO. Hx XH~ H=O~ K H O. P `O `
P J^~ iQ J=`i~z~k. ^x K P H= Q` `
k~KHx, Wk =#=OK# Z~`=`~ H^x Q ~KO.
H..727 [iy# =O ~@# Q=x~K~_. [e Jq`~Q
q`~ K# YOP<x K H~^O `=uOH W~>^ =O
Q~^~ ~zOKx F ^H ~ "O. DxH O P H~ Q ~_` _Q
k K
~ k# W| =M J< =Hx ~k~KO. J`# F ~=`O~<
`h x i K#x "iH gxz OK< HOxH LHq~K_. PO
= `O ` "O x Z~` =OH =z~^#x K_>xH J`x ^QO H
"O. P =~ J`# Ku H~, Hy` @Hx nOK#
=xy L<_. J`x =~^ O z~K# Hy` Q@ Q@Q
_= <. Hx P =OK
` YOP<x e# XH "H~ H_ OH
_. J`# `# J=O`H Q_` F@q J~wHi~z P
OK< ^ ` #~_ `C H<_. (Mohammad, His life and Doctrine P.143,
by Wollaston)

r=+ <>H OH`~

YOP< H "`~ XHi J=`i~K^. ~^O#O~ 23
~=`O J=`i~K. ^==H ==^ (~) `# YOP<
H
J=`i~z#C_ XH YH_ e~z J`xK ">x J>H C _
O~K"O. O# `O` YH_ ^x P#H qx~K_.
YH_ iQ O_x xOi~KH# `O ` P# P He XHK@
^i KO.

20

(L^`O )

Y~P< "=$`O

JnQH W~ O~H ~ #~K #=* YOP< H

` H~_
i~ K# P^~ =~_@~= ^= =H ` H J#KO YOP< He
g# ~` ZH=Q H~O ~ K H<"O. WH K^= _~, O_~ =z# J<H
=~k c (=H `H J#KO) YOP<x qq^ Q#
~Q OHx ^KH<O. W ^= =H (O ) H~< YOP<
^O K
| _~k.
P =hx xO}~ `~` P# "^> uxk (Yb) [`
J||HO nM (Ol) qq^ ~` =# * (YOP< O)#~^s
O[^xH O ~z, "`~ "`` e Hi~z, =}|^" # XH ~O
YOP< ux Q~^~ O~ O~KO. P `O ` =_= Yb [`
L< (Ol) <H~ ^x ` f~z JkHiH~Q =~
[Q`
x =` HH ~`H ~OK~. "> O~_ ``
D<_ H_ ^`^ u =<. H"~> Z=O< YOP< =k`
u<H ^x fHo P "` ` ` e KH=K. J~^ "iH
XH H, XH H~, XH ^~ H^H^ z=iH XH JHO~ H_ `_
H#_^ .
Q` `a z=i [Ohx =xK x=i>H K~k# XH ~
=~ [Q`
x qq^ ~` #~_ r XH>`a #~_ 14= `a
=OH qq^ H O|_# 42" `, =k` `e Hi~z~k.
"> U@ nO i^# [i, z=iH D ` JK`C
` Z~> `_ ^x `# xkH H>
~ z~k. D ~ O~_= ~ K
^ =~ ~|^_H QO <#" #>H nx i^<
e ` =`~ <>H ~ K~ #~_ Kiy ^ .
` YOP< J=`i~z# JOc+ WOM #~_ "OH =OH ^^
H@=~k [H D<>H =`$+Q L~k. JOc+ "HO}
~,
^x ^H ~, LKO}
, #_HO 1400 ~=`O #~_ <>H JQ
=<. P<> JO| D Q~^x Kkq Z JO~ K H<O D<_
H_ JOc+ Ziy#"O nx Kkq JQ JO~ K HQQ`O.
D q^~ Q k=YOP< ^x =+, ^x J ^` Z~>
=OH, KOH QiHH~_ D<>H #O`~ OH`~Q L~k.
^=_ ~Q nx OH}
^ ` fH=_~ = nxH Wx q^Q ^`
O@ [iQ. (15:9, 75:16-19 H
K_~_.) D HO}~Q< YOP<
Z~> H , xH H < Q O ~^ x q=i~K _ xH Z=O
~KH `<O.

Y~P< "=$`O

(L^`O )

21

e-~H#~
YOP<x H
, J^ Jq J=`i~z# H=~ HH~_
F `H H=~ "> HO [iy~k. ~Q ^==H (~) ^=x
P^~ ` Dq^~ Q ~H#~ K~KO. ^= ~^~ J=`i~z# us
P# YH_ e~z ^x U J^~ (O), U H `O`
~^OK J`xH q=i~KO. JQ UJ^~ UJ^xH =~^
H `O ` L~_ H_ YH_H K O~K"O. W YOP< HO
P# rq`H~< O
~k. P H=~< <>H [ YOP< He
H~O ~ K H=_~, ">x #=A i~ K_~ [OQ` =~k.
YOP< e J^`=~k. nx < e Jx xi+~Q
O#=. YOP<x LO=_, "_, "_ Jkf# q. J~^=
H~^O Hq^ Wk H" # Q^ =x, Q^ O~ =# ^
=x Ja_O . W~^ ^xH L~_=# H}
H xu Un H
< =Qi`" # ^ ~^, Hq` $+
x #_HO =~ ~,
^~HO}
=`~ =<. JQ =OH Q^xH =~_=# =
Q~cO ~, ==Q`, q+ #j#~, "H @`~ =#H H@=z
#@ Hx. J< YOP< e Q~^O K
# =~_^ . Wk iQ ~ Q
^O} Q`~k. F xO~`O ~Q~! J#O~Q Q =K<=$` ^O!

k"q+$u-J=`O} fO
^= ^`~ (Prophethood) O~xH O~ =h ==^ ()
`OKQ =H@~ "# O QH "o JH_ ^=z~`#
x=Q L~_O. FOA L#@~_ Q P# =~^ O`Q
XH =H `H= ''K^= J<_. =h ==^ (~)
H~QO_` ''<H K^= O^, <# K^=Ox"_ J<O. P =H
Px Q>Q Jkq =^e, K^= J<_. P# =m `#H K^=#
O^<O. W =_O [iy~k. `O ` P =H J^$" _.
P=H Q`~ =H
~^iH ^= ~^~ J~^* # ^= ^` lc (J ).
D ~ @#` ==^ ()
_ W~>H =z "O.
~
^# `y# `~` P# `# O Yn* (Ol)H q+ ~ `e*O.
P" P#H ^O ~K `# |~^ = =OM a<<
^QO H KHO.
=OM H = , ^ =`Q~^# H=_# Q ~_` _. P#
[iy# =$`~`~ qx, P =H `H~_ Q`~ = =H (J)H
^= ~^~ J~^*
_xH =~ _# ^= ^` lc #x `e*_.

22

(L^`O )

Y~P< "=$`O

W O~=~k ^=~^=`O} (kq+$u). P `O`

^=^` lc (J) XHi =#"HO~, =OHi `# x[
O~ =z ==^ =hx (O )H `O KQ ^= ~^~ J~^
* ~ _O. D k=~^~ $+H O #~_ ^= ^` lc ^O ==^
=H (~) $^ H~ J=`i~k. JC_ P# XH q^#
qz`# uH #O.
XHi P# X~> g^ }~ K ~ > ^= ~^~ J=`i~z~k.
D k"q+$u (Revelation) HQ* # Ox X~> i ~KH J}y`
JuH+~ Q x^HH Qey~k. XHi k"q+$u Q}Q} =~@ Q~@
"` qx J=`i~ k. Jk ^= =H (~ )H J`~` ^H~O Q
LO@~k. P `O ` ^= H H
P# $u^~ xez`.
^==H f=} [` P (Ol) H^#~ HO~ Fi ^=~^~
J=`i# =~ P" P# iu Q=x~KO. JC_ Jiq`
"# Ke L~_~k. J#>H P# Q~ =K=@ .

Wu=$`~
D Q~^~ =x+x ^#~k# rq` ==O #~_ ^ UH~`
HOH fHo `uH z~`## #i `` G~ H^. Wk ^=xH,
^xH =^ =~_=# "q H ~|~^x ^ # Wu=$`~ Q fHx,
^xH |~ KHO~^H H=# W`O J~# Lq+Q
O~@~k. J~^= W~^ rq` =H ~|~k~z# =
q+ =#H Hx.
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Wk h` =e~K huG~ HH< W~^ =#=e hu=~`Q,
^= cuO Q fik^_ xH H=# L#` <u H x==o L~k.
Wk PiH =e i+i~K JO G~ HH< W~^ ^< O# ,
^# qx Q# Qi~z Ki~z PiH <xH OK@ xi~ k. D
Q~^~ O[H ==O# `e O[HG~ HH< O[hu,
i#, ^~, ~k, *f, J~`Of ~|~^ "^#
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Y~P< "=$`O

(L^`O )

23

L^t ~K F qt+ Q~^O [~.

H#H D P ~ <O" O ~>, q^i `# O Q~^x i # @ D
Q~^x x`~ i L~_e. D HO}~Q< nxH ''YOP< Jx
Oz~k. J~> OQ~^~, O#H~, O} Q~^~ J#=@. D
=~ nx O}"^=x H_ K=K. ~^=` Q~^x Hx
q +` H@
#e ije, "> q~K|_# O}
"^~ YOP< J
L~_=K# J#=#~ H_ HQ`~k.
U"# >H YOP< =` =#o H~ J=`i~z# J~u= ^=
Q~^~ . Wk ~ K =#=~^i L=_`. nx U XH *uH, =OxH
Q`k`~ ^. Qe, hO, OOt "^# H$u =#Oe =#=_
Z qxy~KHx [#~ ~^`<_ YOP< = H_ JQ
[#~ ~^=K. Wk WH~ =#= =O^O#~ H~,
OH~ "i =H "H H~ OO_ ~# UHH `}.
W~^ `<+H H PHH O # J<H q+ L<. J~^=
`x q~z, "Hx HOH< u XHO Hh~ XH~< ~`~Q
Pz~z nx J^ #~ K =# J=O~ Z~`~< =~k.

J| WO<
(J#^H _)

~H (Abbreviations)

~ (
J =~ ) P# ~fQ =i~KQH.
J
(J ~) P#H ~u HQQH.
Ol (Ol
J#) P# @ ^=_ # _=QH.
O (O ` J
) Px ^=_ HO }~KQH.
#.. (#|g H~ ) ^=
=H (~ ) =n<H =H =~^ =H
Q_ # ^= _~_ H~
.. (r H~ )^=
=H (~ ) =H #~_ =n<H = ([`
K) =z#> #~_ O~= ~ H#Q`# H~.

24

Y~P< "=$`O

J=`O}
: =H

1.O~~(u)

H: 7

D J^x ''u (O~~) J~>O. J~> k=YOP<H Wk

O~ J^~ Jx JO~. Wk =h ==^ (~) ^==HQ
xq~K|_# O~ H~ J=`i~z~k. D J^~ H_ `#
=# u~z `#H OA=O~ K=x "_H~>_. ^xH =^#~
Q ^=_, h= HO`# OA=O~ W^#~@ "`~ YOP<x Hx
=~^ L~K`_.

HO }=_, H$QO _# J O` O~~ .

= HH q, = J# J H H
q^ ~
a. P# HO}=_, H$QO_. OH qKO} k<xH
Jku H_ P<. (1-3)
^! "1= x< POk < =. h " Ji < =. =H OA
=O~ K. h PQ xH QO ^i` #i =O~ HH~_, h J#Q

xH `~#i =O" =H K~K. (4-7)

1. =` =#ox $+~ z, +~z, e~K ^=_ =`" =#=H ~ #
OA=O~ (rq` q^#~) KQ
`_. J~^= P# =`" PO^# H JO_.
qye# O~` $+` , ^, e` =`" . JQ =#= O O~
HO J~^* H~@#>H J ~ K_ ^=_ =`" .
H#H =#= `= J=O H~ Px =`" Ji~Ke.
UH O =~ u =#=x <[ ~< " x L~k. J` PKO}
< J<H
=~k D `xH H@|_ L~_H `<O. XH ^=_ POk < =x K|`<
Hx K+
^O |^ #H _`<O. nxH~`>H HO}~ kq+$u
(Revelation)x ~k# ^=
=H
# Qi~KH =_~ Qi~z< i ^# # =i
" _~, _O f_~ P =OH, _OH ''`H # H K
`= ^# x[=x xO~K_xH =$^ _ @
~ [OQ`~k.
^= J<H= ~k L<Ox qOz#C_ ''H ^" q q^= ? (U
^=xH = q x==#?) J< L^~~ k. D O KxH, WH_ Y
^M ==H HO}~ ''UH|" Jx xOi~KH#C_ ''P| H}

Uq? J< =O L^q ~ k. P | H}
h Hey=# =Q ^ ''J .
'J{W J< O~_^ H XH ^=_, The God J< =O i~K
'J J< ^~ UO_~k. D ^" P ^ UH |H <=KH" ~k.
''W J~> P^ =~ P^H<_,
~^# Hey#C_ ~u
q` k~K_, H# H_`i MxK_, O}Qi#iH P
qK_, HiH# fO_ Jx <<O L<. JOc+ D ^
PkH ` =~ (Supremacy) H_ Wq_ L~k.

Y~P< "=$`O

(L^`O )

25

PkH` L# K>H J=OO QqH_@~ [~. H#H PkH` Hey

L#"_ JO
H PO^ _ `_. D q^~ Q 'W J< ^~ Ji~K^y #
_, POk~K^y #_, P qK_, P^
"H_ J< JO L<.
|^ O^ =~ Hey# O~` D JO< J^O} H L~^x qOz# u
$+`x (Creature) l~K_~ O~a~KO. z=iH UHO ^=x
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< ^O! <# Lk k~z#_ ` g u XH_ H `k` _. H#H
Lk k~K=x ## "O@H~_, <# gH Lkx#. < ^O! <#
= k~z#_ ` g uXH_ =Gq#_. H=# = k~K
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iOK_xH #=* O K. (Y~P<2:14)
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26

2. Q= (|Y~)

H: 286

D J^x ''|YO (Q=) J~>O. WO^x J`kH H

^==H (~) =H #O_ =n<H = =z# ~O HO qa#
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= =z~k. "OH #`# =*q+O}H J=O# P^ H_
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HO }=_, H$QO _# ^=x O` O~~

Je- -g.1 Wk Z~> ~^ xH PO~x (^= ^`) Q~^~ .
D Q~^~ H HiH OA=O~ K`~k. O JQKO,
Jf~k # qO 2O# (==)# O "= k~z#
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Hx
O~ Q` =H
J=`i~z# Q~^#3qO . Q O O
1. Wq Hx J^H O~~ L~_ c*HO . O~ JOc `~
H_ W~> ~^~ L~_k. HH } Wk H#=OQ ~k. J~^=
+HO nx x W^q`~ Q xOt ~KH O. J` J~`=`# YOP<x
JO~ K H=_~ Z~> @O^. D c*HO 29 J^ L<. (2,
3, 7, 10-15, 19, 20, 26-32, 36, 38, 40-46, 50, 68 J^ K_~_.)
2. JQKO J~> WH_ =#= *<~ kH Jf` # q+ x JO~ .
L^O}H: ^=_, P# Q}Q}, ^=^`, kq+$u (Revelation)
`H~, O# OH "^# q. g>x Qi~z kq+$u ^O O} ~k#
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YOP< q~K|_x W`O =`Q~^ H_ Jx JO~ . ^=_ u Q~,

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

27

H_ qO . J~> ^= cuO `= = #~_ =z# OA=O~

#_K O.5J~>O
~ K~^O "H~ ~^O. (1-5)
H#H h= ` uOO# Ki~z<, Ki~KH < XH>.
O Z#\H q~KO. ^=_ i $^ H> ="_.
i K=H "_. i H O H=. WH iH f=#
(#OH) `# ` ^. (6,7)
H~^O ^x, OHx q~K=x KCH~>O.6 Hx O
x[# q HO. O ^=_, q# "y~E<O.
x*xH O `=# `" "y~KH~@<O. P ~Qu O Q ~K_~
^. i $^ XH q^"# OQ~ =~k. ^=_ ^x =i~`
=kO K_. i J` #HQ# i H~ (#~HO ) ^OO
`# HKHx =~k.
u *u# ^= =H
# q ~* _x YOP< =OH K@ `e*~k. J~>
P ^, *` H_ k=Q~^ J=`i~z L~_=K. HH` Q`~
J=`i~z# Q~^ =O~ Q `O=O x, H H, xH H #x
YOP< ^O `~k.
J~^= =~ YOP< q~K|_x =` Q~^# J ^=
Q~^ H=x "~_Q xOHi~K_xH g^ . qq^ H, qq^ *` =`
=`Q~^# ^=_ J=`i~* _ Q#H, > U XH =`Q~^x xOHi~z<
^=_ xOHi~z#>. (2:136,285 3:83,84 H
H_ K_~_.)
4. O
Hq~ J<H q qo` L<. L^O}H: (1) ^=_
=#=_ D ~ K~ ^ `O `_Q $+~ K^ . J`# PKi~K HO x>H
^=x =~^ =^#~ KCH= L~@~k. (2) WHO HO PKi~K
H H~. O
H~ HO
~ ~^ #~. WH~ =#=xH sH"kH. XH xs`
H~ =OH L~_ ``eH x~. P `O` J~` ~k~K |_`~k. P xs`
=~ ^=xH =` `. (3) WH~ xs`H ~ =y J~`" # `~`
H`Q =O q== PqOq ~ k. JC_ =` =#= XHi #sq~
|_`O. ^=_ O~^s = O z i HO H fH~>_. HO # |> `y#
u
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5. W~> =~, Q} HiH DQ~^~ <O~ K`~^#=@.
6. WH_~z 20= H =OH H@
qe Qi~z q~K|_~k. gO
=~ Q #> =~ =*x e#~z `z _xH #H# Q=Y
" . W~> H@
, =~KH u Q~# L~@ W~H, =~
=*xH #+~ Hey =KO. H#H gi@ P`~Q L~_x ^=_ D
H
=~ # OH~ Q Ki< _.

28

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

ZC_< i`, ~K~ H OHu~KH~_x J~>, ''"=

~ ~O~, ~uH=H~ J~>O. `` *Q`! O J#
HHO, ~uq`H. O ~Qu Q~K_~ ^. =OC_<
i`, W`O q~z#@ g~ q~K~_x J~> ''Uq>! |k #
"= H_ q~K? J~>O O. QO~KH~_, O J
|k #. O ~Qu `H=_~ ^ . (813)
D H@
qe HH#C_ `= q~K=x J~>O.
Hx q_Q `= K q`=H# HH#C_ =`~ ''""^
ixH J J<~ Qx, "= g`< =<~ J~>O. q#~_,
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`<~. O =O^ O <xH |^ =Oq #` Hx`K H# ^OQ .
H#H O K>
# D O~ iH U=`~ ^ H~Q ^ . O

~ # =O~ #_=_~ ^ . (14-16)
"ix =K: ''XH =H Jy O* iO H=~`~ K_.
JC_ ^=_ i H~>K Q> pH>
`K_ =^e>_ . J
=~k gi iu. gO |kO, J~^, =Q.7 WH gO Z#>H
^iHOO. (17,18)
ix D q^~Q H_ =K: ''PH~ #~_ H~_`Q =O~
HO~k. ^xH`_ HO" H_ ^@~ Q H=H<. LO=,
"O H_ =<. J~>
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u
K_~_. gO Q~_# J^OQ > LO= qx, }cu` K= "
^OH~>O. ^=_ ` uOOH #" #~_ LK ay< _.
PH~ "i#C_ P "O `= K# Q_~^ J#@ O
`_ e `O. J` PH~ "i#C_ H "Q Hx~KQ< O
O~_ =__ Q =~^H #_O . Hx J~`< pH> P=i~K_~ `
OH# Py`O. ^=_ `KH~> i ^$+x, qxH_ Hx iQ
i~z" Q_. x~^ ~Q P# = q+ J^, JkHO~
Hey# =~_, O H=~`_. (19,20)
=#=O! q=e, g sHe $+~ z# g =# POk~K~_.
JC_ gO OH~ K|_`Ox Pt~KQ
O. P< g H~ <# #Q,
7. WH_ OA=O~ K` =#= rq`x ~i~K |#H# ^= =H
(~ )# Jy O* iO# H=~`~ K =HQ , OA=O~ =^e J=O~
< _ L~_^
z# H@
qe H~ K_x J~^ Q _~ [iy~k.

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29

x~yx HC Q K_. #~_ =Ox Hi~K_ H_ P<. P =O~

^O P# OHOH ~_, ~@ ~_~z gH PO~ =Hi
_< _. H#H D ^O `e# `~` gO W`O H e ^=xH >
He~KH~ _. (21,22)
XH" = ^x J=`i~*# D Q~^~ Qi~z gH^<
J#=#=~> W~^x J^~~> F J^~ Oz~z fHO~_.
D x H~ XH ^=_ =^e g =^` ^O~^s KH~_. gO
` =~`` D x KK
~_. gs x K H `.... Z~`=`~
KO.... =#+, O8 W~^#~ HQ #OHyH _~_. `
uOO H~ Jk ^ O K
| _ L~k. (23,24)
(==^!) `x q~z `^#Q}~Q `O KiH
=~K O= < L<x O qx~K. P O= <x
O_ K_\xH WHOx O_ =kiQ LO\~. "iH U<
~_ u#_xH Wz#C_, W~> ~_ `=H ~K~ H_
W=|_=x J~>O O. iH D_-*_, `_-h_Q JH_ q`
KO 9 H_ =~>O. P O= < O `~Q =~>O. (25)
^=_ (`xO}H) Z~> L=#~ W=_xH< Q__.
z=iH ^= ^ J~`H~ > JrqH ~|~k~z# L=#=~< O. 10
8. OH~ `uOO H^, O POk =z# qQ H_
#OHyH q^
`x D H
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uOO =~^ `= W~` H~Q l =z# qQ q^^ # ` ~
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9. WH_ = + ''J*A=` O J< ^~ _|_~k. W~^
J** |=K#~ L~k. ^x UH=K#~ '** H '** J=`~k. J~> [`,
*_, [~@, `_ h_ Jx JO~. O+xH *_, [`k (O) J`, H
O+_ `_, [` (O ) J=`_.
J*A=` O J~> q`=~# [~@ Jx JO~ . WH~ [# _,
q`_# O+xH ^O# O, Jq`O# OL~> O
H~ i q"|~^~
`y`~k. q` O+xH JH_ "O q` O k~K|_`~k. JQ WH~
[# O, q`O J# H ^O# _, Jq`_~# O L~> O
H~
i q"|~^~ qK^ = =`~k. q` H JH_ "O q` O+_ O Q W=_~
[OQ`~k. WH~ OO e ^O [# , q` L~> O
H~ gi
q|~^~ H#Q`~k. (56:36 HH O# ^ zH H_ K_~_.)
10. ^= H~> Jr= ~ K~ L< | p#H `e
L~_^ . Hx <> "* xH Q~ ^=H~> H_ Z~` J=~# H;r=

30

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

`x q~z#O (W~> L^O} ^O) Wk `= = #~_

=z# ` =x #=`O. Hx ` uOO g\x K, W~> L^
O} W=_~ ^=x P~`O ~ Uq\! J~>O. D q^~ Q ^=_ XH
q+ ~ ^O H~^ix ^i` , =i H~^iH ^i K_ . (26)
^=x` K# >+ = ~# =}# L~ ~K, H=x ^=_
P^t~z# ^x `~z, ~ K~ H OHu ~ K ^OO
# =`
^=_ =O + ` ~ _" _ . J~>O #+ O. (27)
J gO ^=x @ JqYi Z J=~aO? gO
xs=Q L#C_ J# gH r=~ _. z=iH P< g }
f_. (#O`# k<#) gH uiy }~ _ H_ P<.
z=iH P# xkH gO =Oe ==~k. P< g H~ ~ K~
x == x>h $+~ K_. `~ "` P# PH~ ^$+ i~z, ^x
HQ O~k~K_. P# = q+ `e#_. (28,29)
h = ^= ^`` '' H~ <<H Yb11 (uxk)x xq~K
`<#x J#C_ ^= ^` U=<O `? ''Uq>...! gO ~ K
L<x =#[#~ `~ #=`<O. Wq J`~` H= ~` # H ^O
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=O 125 H@ H;r= L#@ O< x=i> O Q<O >H H#
Q<O. ZH_ Z~^H, =# sO~ gk XH ^Q~k Hx " H;r= L~>
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D r= u K> L<. }H> =#Q_H P^O`=~# }
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L~>x O > H Ja_O . ^=_ =` $+O e =#=
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|@_ J=H~ L~k. J~^= Z~`> Jrq J< xO Q=~#^x,
`K= ~#^x q~z fO .
11. WH_ Yb (uxk) J< ^~ ~ K~ =#=x x[#~, J`x rq`
H ~ Uq> `e*~k. D ~ K~ =#=_ ^=x uxkQ, ^=_ ~#
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===# z<a#~ K, OH`xH =_Q>_ H~ xq~?

"= q=e J#H}
~ u , g q``# Hx_`< =<~H^?
J<O. ^xH ^=_ ''gH `ex q+ < <H ` J<_. (30)
P `O ` P# P^~H = == O `e*_.12P
>x ^=^` =~^ "> ''g Ja~ O#^` H D
== Oq > K ~_ Jx J_Q_. (31)
''gO i^, gO =H `e*#~` "OH =H `.
^xH q~z XH q+~ H_ =H `e^. xH gO Jh
`e#O, q"H= ~` J<O ^= ^`. (32)
P `~` ^=_ P^~` ''D == Oq > K J<_. P^~
"\ Oh K_. JC_ ^=_ ^= ^`` W J<_: '' =H
Q~Q =# = q+ <H `x <# =~^ g` J#^?
gO H e|K q+ , # ^K q+ `~ <H `. (33)
P `~` "= P^~H QO=KH~ Q Ja^~ K ~_x ^= ^`
# P^t~KO.13 J_ Wc ` J~^O Ja^~ KO. Wc `<^
Q}# J~HO~` qOgQ`, uO i~z Jq^
_ _.14 (34)
WO[~Q q$~Y rq`~ Q_ _ xH g^ . Yb J< ^x =# ^~ a>+
HH H~ _# (Viceroy) J< W~w+ ^~ ` =K.
12. == O~ > H=~ > O H^, H~^O +HO JaO
HO~ > Q}Q}, ^O , > xfO, > = HeQ # "^#
=KO=~` Jx H_ JO~ .
13. nx |> q==O xO~K_xH xH
# =` ^= ^`
=#=xH ^=_ PkH ` k~K_. J~> =#=_ =` $+O L`$+
rqQ, YbQ K ~ K~ J`# K u x ^= ^` J`xH Hi~K
x P^t~K_#=@. =#=xH k~K|_# D PkH `, L`$+`
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J`xH QO=KH~ Q Ja^~ K x ^= ^`e P*~ K_~ [iy~k.
WH_ =+ * J< ^~ _|_~k. * J~> ~Q}=~,
QO=KH~ Q =~Q_~ , Ja^~ K _~ J< JO<. ^=xH ` W`O H
~Q}=~ K _x W~ x+k~z~k. H~^O M#HO
Q` =H
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L~_^x, ==^ =H (~) `z# ^O~ ^"`OH W~> *
K _~ H_ x+k~K|_~^x Ja_O . (12:100= H K_~_.)
14. ^=x @ Wc kHO "Y
iH HO}~, ^x OO# Qi~z 7:11,12
H
, > ^ zH K_~_.

32

(2. |Y~)

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P~` "= P^~H W K=: ''h=, hO O~ x=~K~_.

WH_ gO HOH#^ u~@ Q L~_~_. J` JkQ...! P K@
^i^H =`~ " H~_. " gO H_ ^OO
`O. (35)
J` +`< (Oe x+k` =$H~ Qi~z xx P
He~z) ix Ou #~_ kQ*i O MH ^O~K_.15JC_
"= i` ''gO~` WH_~z ky~_. gO XHiHHO `=. XH
xs`H ~ =OH gO H~ rq`~ Q_ = =~k J<=. (36)
`~` P^~ `#= #~_ Hx =@ Q~z, `~`
H= } "_ H<_. ^x J`x = Hi~K_. P# Q H= je,
Jq` ^ =_. "q J<O: ''gO~` WH_~z ky~_.
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J#i~KiH Z~>
~ Qx, ^Y~Qx L~_^ . nxH a#~Q =
=O^ O H`x xOHi~z, = H
kH i~KO #OHxH `O. JH_
O ZH~ _ =~>O. (3739)
W ~`u [O! <# gH K# "# QOH `K Hx,
gO < q+ ~ K# =}x >~K~_. <# gH K# Q#~
<O O #. gO <H =`
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J=HHO_. < PQ ~ #~_ ` ~KH~_. `x J` ~`

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O< (#=*) == <H~_. ^ PiHH ([H`) Ke
L~_~_.16 <=~^ "Hi i` @ gO H_ <=~^ "Hi~_.
Uq>, gO =~z# K =x W`O H` `^ KO . Hx q=e
gO =Oz`<O! gO Q~^ O # ~ H_ K < O H^! (W Z~^H
=i < O?). gO |k L y~KO? (43,44)
15. q=OH 7:22,23: 20:120,121 H
K_~_.
16. [H` J~> q``, i^` Jx aH JO<. WH_ ` H i
+, ^x H_ q`_ L^ ~` _kHHi `# ~^ #~_ O~_#O `~
KC# xO^H, ^O ~< HOH ^#~ K =# ^# H#H == e [H`
J~>O. D q+ x Qi~z ==H ==^ (
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(O, gH"< W|~^~>) #~, O# ^O (<) x

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[H` W=_xH |^, "i #~_ =_ =K u#_~ O~a~KO.
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P k#~ " ~=`O~` nO~Q L~@~k. [ fOh =y =OH
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=~ H #=* K _~ Z~` qk (Obligatary duty) [H` Ke~ K_~
H_ J~` qk. [H` Ke~ Kx =H e@ J`x _| O
H~ q+O ~Q =O
`~^x Hx n Ki<. [H` Ke~Kx_ K #=*x ^=_
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Wg `xH qkQ Ke~ Ke. Wg `~ x K@ =~ =HQ ` ~
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q+ " =H (~ ) H~ [iy# XH ~ @# Qi~z
49:6 HH O# ^ zH K_~_ (2). [H` Ke~ "`~ 8 OH ^
q
l~K|_~k. 9:60 H K_~_ (3). W`O q=OH 2:267-274 H
K_~_.
([H` QiOz i q=~ HO 'WqH i~ O@~ #Oz "=_#
''^# qHOnH~}
J< H O K^= O_. r: 224, ": ~.75/.)

34

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

=# HH=L~^x, P# xkH =Oe= L~^x q~K

^= cuO H =`~ O# (#=*) K _~ H+" g H^. (45,46)
W17~`u[O! <# gH K# LH~O QOH`K
H~_. ~ K*`x> gH k~z# ` H QO#`e H_ *H ~
`K H~_. XHiHHO Uq^~ Q# `__x (
) k#~ Qi~z

_~ _. POA Z=i O K^ . U XHs i O~ fHx =^e
@_~ [OQ^ . JOA `H Z~> O a~K^ . (47,48)
"= q=e O h x` ~ #~_ q=H Hey~z# OA
H_ H QOH `K H~_. P<_ q=e O f=`#H QiK
L~_O. g =Q

# `=i, P_

# (=` ) |`Hx ~ _O.
Jk gH g = #~_ Z^O# J`~` Hi# sH. (49)
gH~ "= =^O pe, ^i UOOz q=e H=~Q ^iH
KOO. P `~` "= g H =~^ O h# (=^~) =~z
"O. (50)
"= =# # OA Q_= (`O O`~ ^QOH)
e~K=. P `O ` J`# g =^ H =_~ K gO P=^_
(qQ ~)# ^= ~Q K H<O. gO ^OO~ K ^g i O.
J` P `O `< gO H$`A
=~>O ## L^ ~` J~`>
Ox `~ LH~ z q=e Hq ~z"=. (51,52)
gO <O~ ~^_xH =H k=Q~^x, =~p K_ e "O K
K w@Ox k~K=. P ~Qu H_ QO K H~_. (53)
= (D =Q~ fHx) `# *u[ ^Qi H uiQz#C_
i ^u K W J<_: ''[O! gO P=^_# ^= ~Q K Hx
g P` H K J<~ K H<O. H#H (`H}
") `~ K~k
g $+H O # H= } HOH~_. `O` g( +
#i) }#
`=O~_. g $+H O ^$+
J^ gH += #k. P `~` g =
q=e Hq ~K_. P# Z~` Q H= je, JO H$j_. (54)
=O ~@#. gO =` ''"= = H` ^=_ `H~Q
K_ #~`=OH h =@ #=~ J<O. JC_ gO K~ _Q< F

~HO" # _ Q g =z_~ k. ^~` gO~` =$`` _O .

17. W J~> ^= ^_ Jx JO~ . Wk Y =H (J )H ^=_
^#~K# aO^. D# `~_ WM (J), `` W~ (J) H_
^= =H
. Y (J ) ~`<< |hW (W ~`u) J~>O.

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

35

J` "= K# "H =@ H$`A L~>Ox q=e =m

|uH~K=. (55,56)
"= g (Z~_ #~_ H__xH) " K He~KO. PO~Q
gH =#, 18 =Hi, ''"= k~z# D i^ ==
u#~_J<O. (Hx gsH >H q=x=^ . W~> `aO`)
O =Hg #+~ Hey~K^ . O `=H`" #+~ Hey~KH<O. (57)
"OH ~@#. JC_ "= g` W J<=:''D @}~
"t ~z WH_ PO^ ~# gH+" # @ Q u#~_. J` @}

^#^O~ Q~_ "t#C_ ~Q_ 'H=aH, H=aH J~@

#_=~_. "= g `C =xO. =~ziH =i~` (Q~) J#
Q O. Hx ^OO
"= z~z# =@ =i"~. z=iH "=
P ^OO
PH~ #~_ O" # q` `z_" =. Wk O K#
^H `y# tH. (58,59)
(nxH =~^) = `# *u H~ =~zh>H ==e i~K_.
JC_ "=`x` ''h Ku L# HO` K@|~_ g^ F ^|
J<~. J`# K Q< P Ou #~_ < ~_ h>T@ aH.
JC_ (<~_ `Q) [ `=`= h>@# Qi~z _H<O~
a~KO. ''^=_ k~z# == u#~_, `Q~_. J` ~ K~
Hx =`~ $+~ KH~ _ (Jx P^t~K=). (60)
(Hx P `O ` H<H) gO (H+ _ H ~_ a # Z~` += ~#
PO~ @ J~`$K~k) =` W J<O: ''=! "qH XH
q^# D u~_ u~@ =~_=. =H~ < #~_ L`u J
HOQ, ^H, "e, Q^ =, C ^<, Le
"^# PO ^O ~_~*
=x h =# i~K.
^xH = ''Z~` +"# ^O =~_Q >x =^e #"#
^O HO`<O! JQ` U^< [<~H ^~ _. JH_ gO
Hi# == ^OH` J<_.
z=iH O J==#~, Ju+
H QO ^OQ ~, ^OO ^i^
HOHO. O ^=x H uOi~_O. ^==He
J<~Q `=O`~_O. ^=xH Jq^ ^gi
18. =# J~> XH q^" # M^== . Wk PH~ #~_ =~K Hi <
g^ OH~@~k. J~> F ~H" # H . Wq Qe ZQO` ^H
~ Q ^iH. Wq O~_ ^H # ~_ @ k~K|_.

36

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

=i~ _O. J~^=< W ^=x PQ ~ i qOKH_~ k. (61)

=~ Qx, ^Qx, H = Qx, cQx, =O =`xH,
=OxH, *uH K~k#~< O J#, k<x q~z `^#
Q}~Q `O K ~ >, JO>iH i = =^ ` O_ =~z
u
~ a ~ k. iH Z~>
~Qx, ^Y~Qx L~_^ . (62)
g g^ `OO`~ Zu> gK` =}~ K~z# ~^O~
QOH `K H~_. JC_ "q P^t~K=: ''"= gHz# Q~^x
^$_~ Q @H~_. J~^x P[e, `=e QO~ KH~_. JK gO
H rq`~ Q_`O. (nx gO J~wHi~KO H_.) Hx
`~"` gO =}O L~~KO. (P q+x H_ ^=_
LH~ K_.) g ^=x HO } H>H Q#H #@` gO (ZC_)
O<#=~ O. (63,64)
xO~ x=~19L~ ~z#i ~Qu gH `e~^. "= ix
''H`Q =i, `K" # |`H |`H~ _x ~ K=. D q^~ Q
"= i ^+i}=x P<> [H, O= `OH Q}O~Q,
^= cuO H `kxQ K=. (65,66)
= `# *u` ''^=_ q=e XH P=# |e==x P^t< _x
J<_. P ~ @# H_ QOH `K H~_. JC_ O ''Uq>, h=
=` i=_`<? J<O. ^xH = ''=O
eH W~>
q+ i #~_ <# ^=x O}
HO`<# J<_ (67)
''J` P P= Qi~z# q=O Uq> h =x J_y KC
J<O O. ''P P= W@ =ekQx, J@ `kQx HH~_ =^
=^ L~_x ^=_ P^t< _. H#H gH=|_# P^~ HO~
x K ~_ J<_ =. (68)
''O, ^xO~Q Z=~_ H_ h =x J_y `e*
J<O O =m. ''^x O~Q KQ, KOH ~`+~ HeQ
19. xO~<_ Z~> ~zH # K@
H ~_, z=iH =~@x `~
K H~_ i = fHx ^ O^# Q_ x ^=_ ^H XH x=~
qk~K_. nx L~ ~z#O ^ Q xH QO=`Ox Ki~K_~ H_ [iy~k.
J` xO~ O* K
=^ Li`~ fO# i =~^H =~ _q.
J~^= O XHOA =~^ (J~> HO~<_) =^ fO# Q~@ `q
>x h>` x~> O. xO~OA P Q~@H K
=KH >x @H <
O. D q^~ Q O xO~ x=~ L~ ~z ^ Q xH QO O. (D
H` @ 4:154 7:163 H
H_ K_~_.)

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

37

"i` =~_x g = P^t< _x J<_ =. (69)

''K P= K_>xH XHq^~ Q L#@ Hx. J~^= P
P= W~H UU H}
Hey#^ L~_ h =x i~z =H KC .
^= O `e "= ^x H#QO\= J<O O =m. (70)
''g = P^t< _- Jk Z~> #H L y~K |_x^
L~_e. <# ^x#kQx, "@qH _|_#kQx HH_^ . JnQH Jk
Z~> ~ x^ L~_e. ^x =~>g^ Z~> H$u= =K
H_ L~_H _^ J<_ =. ^xH O ''WC_ h= Jx q+
Hz`~Q `e*= J<O. z=iH O (Z~` =_ ~k~z
ZQ) ^x |eKO. x*xH O J Ki Jx~K^ . (71)
gH ~@# H_ QO~_ L~@~k: gOH =Hx K~, P
q+~ OO~ >_H~@ `x~^# XHi g^ =OHO
O^_ xH u~KO. Hx gO ^K`# q+ x ^=_ |@|
K ^eK_. P= =$` H| O~x H~` Q~` `x uH H~
KOK
~ _x "= P*~ KO. "= ~^O ~ ''Dq^~ Q ^=_ =$`#
(#O`# k<#) uiy |uH_. gO q+x JO~ KH=_xH
P# `# ==# W K_ J<= i`. (72, 73)
J` J~`> Q == K< g Z~> =O O^ . Q
g $^ } Hi#=~. H^, J~`H~> H_
Hi# =~ . } Hx> #~z h>T@ LaH =.
=iHx ye > #~z H_ h =. W~H Hx O`
^= cu` H~~z H~^ _ `. ^=_ g K+
# Q=x~K_~ ^x
q~KH~ _. (74)
== O! gO g =@ qx `x qOx W~H gO
P @H<O? i H~^O ^=} (`O`)x Kkq Q JO~
KH#>H, ^x L^OH~Q `O=O K~>O. (75)
O qe H#C_ `= (==^ =H# ) q~K=x
KCH~>O. Hx O UH~`~ OO~ XHOHO HH#C_
=`~, ''Uq>, ^=_ =#H `e*# ^x i=~^ |O`~
KO ? ^x P^O~Q O (O
k<#) =# = =~^ =#
x~^ "_xH? gH =`~ *#~^? Jx J~>O. O `=
^K`#^q>, |O` ~ K # ^q> ^=xH `e^#H~@<O?
P#H JO` `. (76,77)

38

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

i H~^O xOHO H_ L<O. iH Q~^* #~ uQ

^ . J< O xx P He~KHx THO>
`e`~>O.
=iH~^O <O. O ~Q `= K*` Q~^~ Hx, ^xH
u
~Q J` (~zH) [< ~^_xH, Wk ^=x =^ #~_
=z# Q~^= x J~>O. J~>iH q<~ (O>) L~k. O He~z
H#k i q<xH HO} `=`~k. `^O O ~k~KH#
~zH ` H_ iH q<" `z_`~k. (78,79)
Q O ''D #OHy ==e `H<< `H^ . HH` H< H~ `
^ Hey~ ^" ! J~>O. JQ` ''gO ^=x` U^< X_~|_H K
H<O, ^x P# L~ ~KH =_xH? H gO ^=x q+ ~
gH U=`~ `ex =@ J~@<O? Jx J_Q~ _ ix. (80)
^+H O KO z=iH, P ~ H~ iQ HOH`O.
J~>O #OH . JH_ O ZH~ _L
~>O. (nxH a#~Q)
`x q~z, `^#Q}~Q `O KO O=`O.
O~ < O HH~ (Q) L~>O. (81-82)
"OH ~@# H_ QOH `KH~_: J# ` =O=s
POk~K O^x `e^ ~ _H, |~^ =H, J<^
H, xO^H "
Kx [` zO#= "=` =~z =@ Hx O<
== (#=*)# ~ Kx (^ PiH H) [H` Ke L~_x
"= W ~`u K` =}~ K~K=. (Hx P `O "`) g
H~^O ` J~` ^xH q=Y O. =}~K L~ ~K_~
gH J>Q! (83)
O O~ OH `~ [OHO^x, XHOHO W~_# ~_ Q~>" HO^x
"= gK` (=O) =}~ K~K=. P ~^O~ H_ *H~
K H~_. JC_ gO P =}x XCH<O H_. ^xH gO H .
J#>H gO uiy J" (`C_)# KQO. g ~`
=#+< `=OO.
g< XH =Ox J<~Q i W~_ #~z "_
Q>O . ^O# ~,
HO gO iH =uOH~ Q W`O H =^` H_ WKO. J~`
HH~_, ^M n Q g ^Qi H =z#C_ #+ i O~ fHx ix
q_^ KO. J ix i W~_ #~_ "_
Q@_" ^ `C ,
x+^H O~. (K i q_^ H~ #+ i O~ fH=_~ H_<?)
Uq>, gO Q~^~ x H~` Q~ q~z =iH~` Q~ uO

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

39

iO? J` g J~> ^OH _iH tHQ WH

rq`~ O J==#~, Ju+=`O J@ OH~ f=#
(#OH) `#H QO=`O. ^=_ g KO# Q=x~K_~ ^x
q~KH~ _. (84, 85)
O
H rq`~ J=Hx WH rq`~ H#H#O gO. H#H gi
tH U=`~ `y~ K_~ [OQ^ . iH Z~> ~ H_ a~K^ . (86)
=H "= Q~^~ k~K=. J`x `O` XHi `O`
XHO J<H=~k =H# ~` =K=. =O~ H=O_ DH
+ # x^O < Wz ~=. i^` (l| ^`) ^O H_
J`xH ~ K=. Hx U ^= =H
< g =<~K
H =uOH~ Q
=~_ q+ `z#C_ gO `aO` ==i~KO. ^= =H
H~^ix uO i~KO =iH~^ix `=i "O. (87)
(Wx ^O}H =_Q>
H_ `~ K~^_xH |^) O ''=
$^ OH` ~ Q (xO~Q) L< J~>O. H^, J q+ ~
JkH^. i `aO, uOO Y
i HO}~Q i ^=x Ja~
_~ k. J~^H i |Hk=~k =`" `x q < O. (88)
^=x ^QO~z i =^H WC_ i ^QO# Q~^x ^$gHi~K
=OH Q~^~ (YOP<) =z< i ^O} =O^ . Q`O O |^ O
^H `=H q[~ k~K=x ==e "_ H~@ =~_O. z=iH
O Hi# ~ (YOP< O~) =z~k O nx Qi~KO H_.
J< O nx uOi~KO.20 W~> uOO ^=x Ja~
_ QH! (89)
20. ==H () O [`
(Ol) XHO . P F ^<Hx
H=O. W~ HO}
H O~ P `= W~> [iy# F ~ @# W q=i< O:
''=<#, z<# FOA ^= =H# HH=_xH "O. P#` K
=>_ W~>H uiQKO. JC_ i^O D q^~ Q =>_ H~@~> q<#:
"^@ = z<# ''=# Q~^ q +` H@
#Q `e* |_# ^=
=H W`< #~>? Jx J_Q_. ^xH = <# ''P...^= H! P =H W`< Jx
=^#qK_. = z<# ''D q+~ @ hH #=H=~^? Jx
t~K_. = <# L~^<_. = z<# ''J` =i h L^ ~ Uq>? Jx
J_Q_. JC_ =<# ''< ~k }=#~` =OH <x`_ qOk<
L~>#. J`x =@ K=} Hx=# Jx J<_. (W", O~_=Q~)
^ `= =H
J~^* # q +` =KO~ HO~ J~u= ^= =H
(O ) H~ J<H ~=`O #~_ Z^O K< O. J~u= ^= =H# Qi~K

40

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

^xH |^Q "~ `= J~`O`# J=H<O Jk O=

hK # q+ ~. ^=_ (i *uH K~k# =HH QH~_) `# `KH#
^xH `# H>H~ (^= ^`~) k~K_# JH` O ^=_ J=`
i~*# ^x (YOP<x) "~_Q uOi<O. H#H O (^=x)
PQxH QOO. W~> uOOH J`~` J==#HO"# tH
Z^OK~k. (90)
^=_ J=`i~* # ^x q~K~_x Ka`, O (`aO`)
''= =^ J=`i~z# ^x =`" "= q= J~>O. J~>
O `= ^QO # Q~^~ ` |@ =OQ~^~ J=`i~z<, Jk iQ
` "# ^< , i ^QO # Q~^x ^$ gHi< ^x #=O# =@! O,
''gO (`x) q ~z#O` W~`H O~ (g *u< PqOq ~z#)
^= =H
# Z~^H ~i~KO? Jx J_Q~ _ ix. (91)
= g ^QO H Z<< J^`" # ==, +" # =}
fH=K_. Hx J`#, H J@ (`OH~_H ) " Q< gO P=^_#
^=~Q KHx POk~KQO! gO~` ^OO!! (92)
"= g g^ `O O `~ Zu>
=~z gK` =}~ K~z#
~ @# QOH `K H~_. JC_ "= gH~^* # ^# # Q>Q
>~Kx, q<x P^t~K=. ^xH g sH ''"= q<~, Hx
>x >~KO J<O. D uOO Y
iH HO}~, i $^ P=
^_(H ) u+" Hx =~_@". i` J#~_: ''gO
q<! J`
gO J=~a~z# D qY
i Z~> JH$`H O ~k!! (93)
ix J_Q: ''~K [~^s H^x OHQ$~ ^=x =^
gHHiH `H~K|_~^x q<O? g Ja~ x["` gO
K=# HOHe. Hx O K*` K Hx ~H# () HO
HO}~Q K=# Z#>H HOHO. ^OO "Yi Uq> ^=xH Q
`. h= i "Y
i Q=x J~^iH~> J` iH L~^x Q =.
D q+~ O |^O^He H_ q~zO. i u
XH_ " ~_ @ rq~z L~_x HO H~>_. J~`> nO +
_xH gQ P# Q}Q}, OOY# Qi~z H_ O =i~KO. J`
P ==H `= *u q _x ^ q~ _O. Hx `= W~`H~Q
Z^OK# J~u= ^= =H `= *u q ~KH ~_ `= J<QiH *uQ
~Q }
O z# JO| *u q ~z#~^H O Px q~K_xH xOHi~KO.
O =h ==^ (~)x J~u= ^==HQ Qi~z#>H H=~
*`~HO~ HO}~Q Px xOHi~z ^ #Q xH ^O" O.

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

41

~k< Jk ix (#OH) tH #~_ =`~ `~K ^. O K#

#q> ^=_ Q=x< L<_. (94-95)
"iH KC : ''lc @ qO^ =~ L#O XH q+ ~ `He.
lc ^=x P[`< D Q~^O h g^ J=`i~*_. Wk Q`O
J=`i~z# Q~^# ^$gHi~k q~KiH <O~ K,
O #~^*~k. H#H (q#~_) ^=xH, P# ^`H, P#
=H
H, lcH , gHH Z=O `==`O J~> ^OO
H
^=_ `==`_. (96-98)
"= g ^QO H +~ Q `x `e H
~=. ^O#
` Z=O >x xOHi~KO . O U^< =}~ K# C_ i XH
=O~ ^x zH qiO =z~k. J i K=~k
z`k` `x q~KO H^. i =^H ^=x #~z U
=H< i Q~^x ^$gH i =z#C_ P Q~^[ XH =O~
`#H
Ug `e#@ ^= Q~^x J@H g^ Zu>~ k. (99-101)
Q O, =< <H~ O` ^ K q+e
>~K<O~a~KO. Hx =< Z#_ `uOO~ *eH ^.
[<xH `q^ <O `~_# P ^ ` uOOxH _.
J~`H^, a O`, =O` J< W^O (=#HO~ =z#)
^= ^` J=`i~z# q+ e H_ O @H "_O. Hx P ^=
^` [<xH P q+ <O=~^ ''"= [e sH~K_xH
~|_# ~ =`". J~^= gO JqxH (J~> `
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OO e q_n P H ^q^< <O H=_xH L|@_ O.21
21. ^~`rq`~ =#=~$uH =^O~. OO =^ ^~`
rq`~ =~Q y` =[~ H_ =~z ` ~$` UO_`. J~^
J= `, J$ ` K@ K H~> ` ~$` H_ qH> . J~^=
J, JO, ==@, =~``~` ^ =O JH= ^` ^O
#< O OO e q_n_x WH_ Jq~ (H) ` _~ [iy~k.
^ `=H ^= ~ k~z# `O` q^# =k OO
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H ^q^# <O H=_xH X_Q>
O . D =~`q^ ^O O `= HOH# x
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O T~K=K. i <u H `< x |@| K _xH ^=_ `# ^`
^O ^H D sH >_ .

42

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

^ [ x^ P K`| _ = H_ Z=iH Z~> #+~ >k H^.

^x H#_H O
H (O) ~ Z~> K@ ^x iH Q `.
J< O xH |^ `=H #+~ Hey~K ^x< <OH=_xH
L`_O . O `= J~`O`# J=Hx Z~`> hK # O H
H<O! iH q+ ~ `e L~> Z~` Q~_k! O Q#H q~z

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Y
i J=~a~z =~>, iH ^=x =^ Z~` =~z u
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a~z =~_k. iH q+ ~ `e=~> Z~` Q~_k! (102-103)
qO! gO (^==H =~^ ^) ''H = =@
q#~_x J#H~_. ^xH |^ ''H ==e JO~ KHx=~_x
`# HKHx
H~_. q+ O ^Q q#~_. 22 ` uOOH ^OO
L~k. (104)
`x xOHi~KO Q~^[<, |^O^H<, h =
#~z h^Qi HK U =~zq+ = iH #K^. Hx ^=_ `# HO}~
H~ `# HOH# ix Z~KH~>_. P# Q J#Q je. (105)
""^< Hx O^K ^ =O~* ^x #~ J~`H~>
=~z H *sK=. ^ J~>^ =O H *sK=. ^=_ u
q+~ JkHO~ H_x gOOQO? =H O=`~
J ^#x, P# ` gH=O a+Qx, H_Qx Ox
gH `e^? (106-107)
D sH qa# O =#= =^ W>H Q`~k. =#= |^q Ok
+`< `# J#KO= H ^O W~> L^x $+ L~>_. XH n HO~
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`# XHK@ OO# q_n~K#x J~>_. Wc D=@ qx ~`+~`
J`_ Q~_H `H ~@ '' +, #= x[~Q #HO" K= K= J#~>_.
(WH~) nx |> OO# J<~Q q_n_~ Z~`> O"# "
=#H JO==`~k.
22. WH_ YOJ< 'O< J< ^~ _|_~k. nxH JOc + 'H
= =@ q#~_ Jx XH JO~ L~k. =O_x =OH JO~ L~k. n< H~K~
<H u O~< J~> '= = Hi Jx JO~ =~ k. W~Kq~K O<
J< LKO}`< | + XH ^~ L~k. ^xH 'q#, h= Kq>_= Jx
JO~ L~k. ^ ^= =H (~ ) ^QO H z W~> ^~^O, _O =K
^# _O.

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

43

O~ =# (^) J_y#@=~> (xH=e#) ,

HiH gO H_ g =H# J_Q^ e KO? Z=O qY
iH |^
JqYi J=~a_ J`# OA=O~ `#>#x `He.
Q~^[ K=~k q=e Uq^~Q<< q~ #~_ `~z
Jq~ " Qx K< O. ` ~ i=~^ +~ Q "_ # >H
O J` =~_` q=e JqQ =O^eKO. H|>
^=_ ~Q i q+ ~ XH xO
~ fH<=OH ix Hq ~z,
K K_#@ =k ~_. x~^ ~Q ^=_ uh K Q =O_ ,
O H= ~`_. (108-109)
(H#H gO ^= ^O ~ iQ ^$+ H~nHi~z) #=* (O< ) ==
<H~_. (^ PiH H#) [H` Ke L~_~_. g OH
H~ gO U `O~ K< Jk ^=x =^ gH a ~ k. gO
K # # x>h ^=_ Q=x< L<_. (110)
^_Q H H = _Q =O#~`=OH U XH_ OxH _x
J~>O O. Wq i = =`" . ''g=@ x["` ^xH =}~
Uq> fHO~_Jx J_Q. H^, Z=O< O `##`# ^=xH =
i~KHx ^KO~#_ =~> J`xH u~ J`x = ^QO
a ~ k. J~>iH
k<# Z~>
~, ^Y~ L~_=. (111,112)
H= <O~ Ox ^ J~>O. JQ ^
<O~ Ox H= J~>O. x*xH O ^=Q~^~
i#O. Q~^*#~ x [ (|^O^H) H_ W~>
Q
H`O. O
=^ UO_# D q^ # Qi~z O

k<# ^=_ fOK_ . (JC_ ` x*x*). (113)

^=x PO^< P# O i~KhH~_ ([#)
xOk > q<xH __ H~> O=^OO_ Z=O~>O?
J~> ^OO ^=x PO^< J_Q@_xH JOHO.
XH" O~^ "t~z< _` "tO. iH WH~
O= ~, O[ Z^O=`. WH O
H~<` O O" # (#OH)
`# KqKO . (114)
`O, _= O Jh J H K~k#". (O# K _xH) gO
U kHH =Oe` P kHH P# L~>_. x~^~Q ^=_
OQ`_, OA_. (115)
^=_ XHi `# H=O_Q KH<_x J~>O O. (^)
P# Z~` i^_ , q`_. =Hx =~ P#". O

44

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

$+O P# @ q^
` Hey=<. =H# (J~^x
= $+`#) P< $+~K_. (U XHs H=O_Q KHe#
JQ`~ P#H Z~` =`~ ^.) P# U^< K^KH~>
''J JO> K, Jk W> J `$> LxHH =~ k. (116-117)
''^=_ =` Z~^H =>__? J~>O J*#. H ''=
^QO H ^=_ U^< ==# Z~^H ~_ ? J~>O. iH O~
H_ H~^O W~> =@ J<O. O~^i =#` ~ XH q^~ Q L~k.
#"iH "= + # == K L<=. (=H!) "= x#
`i` *#~` O J~^*xQ, Ki~KxQ xq~z
~=. (W~`H~> Q == iH W~H~ H@!) #OH
q+ ~ h= [|^O_= H=. i ~H$`O^xH h= U=`~
^ _= H=. (118-119)
^Qx, H = Qx i PKO ==O# h= >~K#~`
=OH h` Z#>H Or_O . H#H ^=_ K# =O" <O= x, Jk
` =O =H= O~ ^x iH +~ Q KC . XH" hH (=Q~^) *#~
J~k# `~` H_ h= i =<H~He J#i =`~ x# ^=x
i#~_ H__ L~__ . U `_, H_ =@ #~z
x# H__ . "= Q~^~ k~z#O ^x i~ K=# q^~ Q
iO. O =#iQ< ^x qO. ^x xOHi~KO =`"
#+ O. (120-121)
W ~`u [O! <# K# =H~ *H ~ K H~_.
<# gH =`~K*` Q~=O, B#` k~K#. H#H
Z=O Z=iH Uq^~ Q# _
x (
)k<xH
_~ _. POA
Z=i #~_ ZO\ i O~ Hi~K|_^ . Z=i O _ K^ .
<~
Z~> = a~K^ . (122,123)
W~ = Hx q+ W~x sH~ KQ J~^ J`#
H$`O_
_. JC_ ^=_ J`x` ''<# x# =` =#=*uH
<H_Q xq~K`<# J<_. ^xH`# ''! =i <
~`#~ H_ (Z=iH< ~ K <H` ~ k)? Jx J_Q_.
^xH ^=_ ''= D "Q#~ ^OO
H =i~K^ J<_. (124)
"= HQ$x [ H~ (PO^< ) H ~^~Q#, ~u x~
Q# K, W~ x|_# K@# O< ~Q KH=~kQ
[# P^t~K=. =O" ''< D Px [ ^H }
K _xH,

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

45

J~^ ^x~K_xH, "Hi_xH, ~Q_ >

xH q`~Q, i^~ Q
L~Kx W~x, W~x H_ P*~ K=. (125)
W~ ^=_ i '' ! D @}
x ~u#QO~ Q K. WH_
x=~K [ ^ x, O
Hx q~KiH u<~^H Jx q^ ~_

k~K Jx J<_. ^xH =^#~Q ''(D =< ~ K

rq`~) <# q~KxiH H_ Z~` H~` Lk x#. J~` P
`O ` ix #OHy " D_#. Jk J`~` O=~# ^ ~
Jx K_ ^=_. (126)
W~, W W^O H ^=Q$xH <^ f Q_
xi W "_ H<O:'' ! =D =# Hi~K. h" (J~^i "Oe)
PH~K _=, =O `e#_=. ! = W^s h qh
^Q K. =~`u #~_ hH q^
= ~_ XH *ux PqOq ~
*. x# POk~K q^#~ Uq> =H `e*. = O@
=x~K. x~^~Q h= =x~K_=, HO}~K_=. ! P
*u[H hH
qx~K, h Q~^* <x, q"Hx <i i rq`#
~i~K XH =H# P *u \O K. h= Z~` H= ~`_=, q"H
=~`_=. (127-129)
(Wn W~ Q^. J~>) W~ >~z# r=#Oo x =O

` Z=O ^+O ? "= ~ K~ (= HO^# H) ` H~Q W~
# Z#H<O. O
H~ H_ J`# }` KO |_`_. (130)
W~x J`x = ''x# h= (=H) =i~KHJx P^t~K
Q< J`# (U=`~ `@>~KH ~_) ''## <# O H =H
=i~KH~@<#x J<_. `O` J`# `# H=OH_ D
(~ =O}) q^<< L^t ~K_. Y H_ `# H_HH
`= K ''^=_ gH~ D r=#q^<< xO
~K_. H#H Kx
23
=OH ^= q^
(== ) Q< rq~Ke J<_. (131-132)
=i Y WH~ g_`#C_ (JH_) g~<~? J`#
`k =^`#C_ `# H_H# ez ''<# "o# `O `
gO Z=ix POkO? Jx J_Q_. ^xH O~` ''gO, g ``
23. WH_ _|_# ^~ x '~ J< ^`=H ~u, =O}, q^
`,
P*# J< JO<. J~^ #~K =~ , W~ J< ^ >. =~
J~> ^=xH `## `# iQ =i~KHx P#H q^
_, rq`~x
= O~Q P# P[# >~K_x JO~ . J~> rq` x==o< W~
J~>O. ^x J=~a~K_~ =< =x+H ~u,
a.

46

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

=`# W~ W, W M (J ) POk~z# UH O_
=`" "= POk=. P#H "= q^
(== )
L~>= Jx =^#qKO. (133)
Wq Qu~z# =*. O K H# HO iH, gO K H#
HO gH. J~`Qx O K# ^x Qi~z q=e t~K_~ [OQ^ .
^` <O~ LO\Ox ^, H=Q =i`<
OA=O~ a~^x H= J~>O. iH KC: ''W~ J#KO
=^" <O~ L~k. W~ K# UH^O^H_,
|^ O^H _ H^. (134,135)
== O! W J#~_: ''"= J # q~K= = ^QO H
J=`i~z#^x W~, W, W M, Y, Y ~`u
J=`i~z#^x =, D `k`O ^==H~^iH i = #~_
a~z# ^x H_ "= q~K=. i =^ "= Z~> qKH}

~ (== ~). (136)

K =.24 "= ^=xH q^
gO Z q~KO J q< O <O~ ~^Q
O. g
q~KH~_ =Y~ uCO> "~ "O_@^ ~ g` q
k< ~# =@. U"# \H "iH =u~HOQ gH ~ K _xH
^=_ K. P# =~ q~@<_. P#H ~ O `. (137)
K ~_: ''^=x O~Q J=~a~K~_. ^=x O~Q H< =O=i O~Q
+= ~#k? "= P< POk=. (138)
==^! i` W J#: ''gO ^=x q+ ~ =` >_ `
O~^H? P# gH ", =H " H^! g HO g"~@, =
24. ''^= =H
H~^O `x, =iH~^O J`x QH~_ J~^O `=
`= H P =*H `< (J~> W~ ^O <) k~KOx, J~^=
O~^i @ q^
` Hey L~_@~, i P[e tO=~K_~ P [ q^ H
^O =x "= q< O Jx JO~ . H#H =~ ^= =H
H~^i q~z,
=iH~^ix xOHi~KO. i U XHix xOHi~z< ^=_ xOHi~z#@
J=`~k. (q=OH 2:4,285 3:83,84 H
K_~_.)
^= =H
q+ ~ H~^O ^g i# Ja=<xH , J~^iH~> `=
=H Q, `= =H Q Jx KC H~>O. J~u= ^= =H (~ ) ==^
(~ ) D q+ x H_ Y~_~KO. #O`# k<# P# < (=k) #~_
|>H =z K = =H (J) ^=~#~ H @Hx L~_@~
Hx~ k. ^x q ''gO ^= =H
XHi XHiH ^#~ W=H~_ J<O
KO `. (|Mi, =~ )

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

47

HO =~@ L~>. "= =`~ iQ P#H J~H`" O.

^ ix W J_Q: ''gO W~, W, WM, Y,
Y ~ `#~- gO ~ ` ^ x J~@<O? H H = x
J~@<O?
iH KC : ''D q+ ~ Qi~z gH Q ` H ^=xH? ^=x
^Q~~_ =z# H~ "_~KH~_ ^z>_ H~> O= ^OO_
=O=O L~>O? g KO # ^=_ Q=x~K_~ ^x q~KH~ _. P
=[~ Qu~z ~k. O K H# HO iH gO K H# HO
gH. O K# ^x Qi~z q=e qKi~K_~ [OQ^ . (139-141)
''U=~k giH, x#>^H XH kHH uiy O# K = ~_# gO
DOA O`Q =O kHH uiQO? J#~>O =_ . =H! KC :
''`O_=Oh ^=x kH. P# `# Hi#iH <O~
K`_. Dq^~ Q "= q=e =^ =[~Q K=.25 gO
~ K[H H Q L~_x, =H gH HQ L~_x W KO.
25. J~> hu, <~, x+H `H H@|_ L~@, Z~> Ju^xH
H~_ u q+ ~# =`#~ >~K =[~ Jx JO~ .
k<#
=` =#= #s= + "^ #~ QqH_`O. ^= <#~
HO qKO} O~= =`~k. ^= =H
~` `=H J~^*
|_# ^O ^# #
[H J~^* =x ^=x =~^ H qO . J~u= ^= =H ==^ (~ )
H_ `#H J~^*
|_# ^# # [H KO" #x H qO . P# J#
KO (=~ ) ^x ^$ gHiO . ^~` ^= =H ^ ` fi#@=`~k.
P `O` D ^`# gO~`=OH xO~KOx ^=_ =~#
J_Q`_. =~ `=H ^==H (~) ^O J~k# W~ ^##
H ^O W`O =#=H J~^* =x =^#~ WKH= L~@~k. D
q+ < D H
H ~ W=_=x O#|_~k. O `> =#=H W~
^## iK~ K_"QH, ~Q >x PKi~z H_ Ke#
J=O= ~k. JO> i =@H K`
H =^ ~`# L~_e. H O }` J~>
W L~@~k hfx*f J~> W L~> <~ ^O~ J~> W
L~> Jx [ q~K O iQ ^iH rq`~ Q_e. =~ F
^~uH =*xH K~k# . ^ ``=# *u [. O J~u=
^=~^Ox (~) ux^Q =H~@ ~Kx hu =O#
#_~ K= L~@Ok. K_ Qe JiH>e. J<~, J^O # J~` ~k~Ke.
hu <#, ~u $^ `=O}x <He. ^=x q ~
^O< , J<~, JH=, Jj~, JOKH` x~_` ^xH ^= ~ Z^@
=~^Q =O ^ =`O. '< g^ Wx O, ^O~` [OQ`~>
gO~ K~_Ox ^=_ ix xn_. O `==~` H$+ U"OH KOx

48

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

^==H# Z=O J#iO, Z=O q=Y=`O Jx sH~K

_xH "= "^@ gO (O#H) =O kH# PO^< H~^~Q xO
~K=. Wk [H KH+~ Jx~z~k. Hx ^=x =O^OH`~
a~z#iH Wk U=`~ H+= x~K^ . ^=_ g qx J#=O~ Q
=$^K _. P# =#= e@ JOH$ j_, Jq` ^ =_.
(142,143)
==^! h= =>=>H =Y~ Hu PH~ " K_>x "=
Q=x< L<=. H#H hH "# kH (O#H) "= x#
=Oe< ~. WH #~z gO u~ (HQ$~)26 " uOQ~ _. gO
t_ . `xH H Q xq~K |_# =~ O
H <#~ D
H =^#~ WKH= L~@~k. (W`O q=O H~ 3:104,110 H
,
> ^ zH K_~_.)
26. WH_ = + H =~kOxH ''=^ O~ Jx =_~
[iy~k. J~> q`" # , u` H" # O< =~kO~ Jx JO~ .
O~~ ==^ =H (~ ), P# J#KO *O ~ x u
=d H Ja=Y~Q uiy O# (#=*) K ~ _O. P<_ =~ H~ ^=_
xO
~z# d (PO^< H~^~) J^. u =dx PO^< H~^~Q xO
~K_xH
HO}~ 2:143 H
O#|_~k. JO| `= *f ^Oa= #~ HO}~Q
JOa |@ =O ^x PO^< H~^~Q J~wHi~KO H^. W~ D
^Oa= #~, *`~HOe J~`"
~k~K_xH, =~ u =dx PO^<
H~^~Q K Hx O# K x P^t~z~k. =~ D P^x \~KO.
D q^~ Q =~ =n< 16 < @ D P^x >~K_~ ^O d
q+= ^=_ ># sH <QO. P `O` ^=_ d k# =i
^H, H = H_ J~> sH >_ . .. 2= @ O[ H < <
H Q$x dQ K H# ^ [ J=`i~z~k. J` ^ D P[#
=uOH~ K_" QH~_ ^x > # =~ # q=i~KO. JO |^ O^H
q#@ ^=_ H kH, ^-H= q#@ u=d kH
iq`= L~_^ x , P# uK> L<_x, P# P[e tO=~K_"
J ^ O^# Jx [H `e* _" D P[ L^ ~.
H Q$x W~ =H (J ) xi~KO. P `O ` 1200 ~=`OH
u =dx = < =H (J ) xi~KO. J> #~_ .. 2= @ =OH
J^ PO^< H~^~Q L~_k. uiy WC_ p# ^"# 'H PO^< H~^~
J~~k. ^ D = ~ `e< H# dQ Qi~K_xH ^~ Q O . *f
^Oa= #~, ~f`` ~ `~wHO =O~ iH J_Q _Q xeK.
^, H = "^> u =d " uiy O# K ~ _O. Hx
`O ` O
= < =H ~^xH u^Hez `= PO^< k#

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

49

ZH_< O ^x "H uiy O# K~_. (O<k =OH

~|~k~z#) D P^~ h = #~_ =z# ` =x Q~^ [H Q
`. (J< O `= ~`~ =#H `<O.) gi KO e ^=_
FH~@ Q=x< L<_. (144)
Q~^ [H27h= Zx x^O < K< O g O< k# J#
i~KO . gO i O< k# J#i~KO . ~Q i H_ XH
=O~ O J#i~K O< k# =OH =O~ O J#i~KO . XH" (=
Q~^) *#~ J~k# `O ` H_ i HiH# J#i =`~ h=
^OO
Ki#@ iQ}~ K|_`=. (145)
"= Q~^~ k~z#O `= H#H_He Qi#@ nx
(Z~> ~HK~ H ~_) Qi < O. Hx i XH=O~ x |k
OH~Q HK`~k. x~^~Q Wk h = #~_ =z# O=
` ~. H#H h= Z~> J#=<xH POq=H. (146,147)
u =OxH XH ~< k L~k. O " uOQ`O. H#H gO
(nxQi~z J> Pz =~ =$^K H~_) `O K @~
XHOHO q~z=_xH u~K~_. gO ZH_< ^=_ q=~^s
XHK>H KO _ . P# uh K Q =O_ , O H= ~`_. (148)
=OH<O. [` =O~ (J ) u =dH `O Q~ `x+ (UuH)
>~z#~^# H = `O kH# `= PO^< k (d)Q xO
~KH<O.
^ | iH =uOH~ Q =~H`<xH _= > kH# `= PO^<
kQ K H<O. =~ =`~ ^ [ J=`i~z# <>#~_ W>H H Q$<
PO^< kQ K Hx #=A K < O.
D P[ J=`i~z# =~ ^= =H (~ ), P# "#H =~ AO
#=* K < O. O~_ OH` J =_= OH` "t ~KQ< ^= =H (~ )
kq+$u (=) ^O D H J=`i~z~k. ^= =H (~ ) `H}
" H kHH
uiQO. P# <`$ `~ #=A K # O H_ H " uiQO. W O
AO #=* "^>O ~ _ OH` u =dH Ja=Y~Q, z=iO~_ OH`
HQ$xH Ja=Y~Q x|_ <O" O O. |O~Q H@
# ^O D P^~ q#
W`~ H_ #=Au L#>H ~@< HQ$~ L# kH uiQO.
WC_ =~ ~ K~ ZH_<, U u L< H L# kHH uiy
#=A K = L~@~k. O , q=< }~ K # C_ H kH uiy
#=A K _xH gHH` g# kH uiy #=A K _~ `C ^ .
27. Q~^ [ J~>, Q`~ ^= =H
^O k=Q~^ ~k#Ox JO~ .
` H~Q ^, H = Jx JO~ .

50

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

gO U~`xH "o< JH_~z gO u~ (H) " H

uiy O# K ~_. x~^ ~Q Wk g = #~_ =z# ` ~. gO
K #x>h ^=_ Q=x< L~>_. gO ZH_<, U ~`xH
"o< JH_ #~z gO u~ "H Ja=YH~_. gH
=uOH~ Q W`O Z~> =@ J#_xH< POq=H~_ gO ^x
H uiy O# K ~_. WH ^OO
q+ xH, O ZC _ gH
=uOH~ Q U^ XH> "Q`< L~>O. H#H gO iH
_H _^ ,
<H
_e.
gH < H
qx , Q~^x, q"Hx k~K_~ ` @ gH
`ex q+ <i, g rq`# fik^ XH =H# <# g *u
#~_ g q ~* #. JQ gH < J#Q k~K_xH, gO
<O~ #_=_xH P[ W< #. H#H gO ## i L~_~_,
<# q=e QO~KH~>#. <H H$`A L~_~_, H$`
HH~_. (149-152)
qO! #~ =~z, O# K (=) ~ Ji
L~_~_. ^=_ #~ =~KiH `_Q L~>_. (153)
^= =O~ K~|_#ix Qi~z, O KxOx J#H~_. O
r=~Q< L<O. gO q+ ~ Q ~KO . (154)
~, PHe, ^#},~@ # Hey~z q=e "=
`xiQ sH=.28 J~> u #~ =~z, P^ =z#C_
28. ^= ^O x q~K=x H>
~ z#iH P ^O ~ U"OH q~ L~^
sH~ K_~ J=O= x D H K|`~k.
^=_, ^= =H (~ )# q~K=x KC H#~` =`# U =x+ O
H

xH JO_ H_ . ^= # `, P# k=^O #~, O M J<q J~`

`eQ a~K == H=. >H~ J`# J<H sH
Z^O= =~ k. H+
# i ~K= =~ k. ^# } `QxH ~`~ ^ _ = =~ k.

^O H_ q sH~ K|_`O. D sH
x>H `@Hx ^= ^O ~
O ~ Q x|_Qe y#_ ^=x ^$+
x[# =~ .
''g (q) su Uq> sje~z g ^ , O z
`
= O `H=
_xH "= q=e ` H~_ sH =. (YOP<- 47:31)
''"= q~K=x J#~`=`# `=# sH~ KH ~_ =^e@_~ [OQ
`~^x O q< O? x*xH iH O~ Qu~z# O~^s "= sH~ K=.
(i) ` ^=O, J` ^=O ` xiQ sH~ z `H=# ^ `
^=x L~k. (YOP<- 29:2,3)

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

51

''O " ~ TiH a ~ ^x gO q< O? x*xH gH O~ q

H ~q ~z# (H+# ) =h W~H gH ~q ~K^ ! i J<H H, H_Q ~ _
qOKH _. (YOP<- 2:214)
''== O! (q +`
) gO ^# } O~_> q+ ~# J<H Hi#
sH
H QiH==~ k. J~`HH~_ gO Q~^ [ #~_, |^ O^H
#~_ H_ =# <~K =@ J<H~ q#==~ k. H#H J~> u
gO #~ =~z, H` H_# rq`~ Q_` ^O=O~ O~Q
L~_e. x[~Q Wk Z~` `" # HO~. (YOP<- 3:186)
XH q H =z_ J~> ^=_ J`xH U^ " K ^eK_x
`He. nx Qi~z ^= =H (~ ) D q^~ Q `e*O:
''^=_ Z=iH< " K ^KH~> J`_ HH QiK_ . (|Mi)
''^=_ `# ^xH " K^z#C_ J`x H Q# `O
~ K~< J`xH (P^
O~) tH qk_ . XH" ^=_ Z=iH< H_ K
^e J`x H (~ K~) tH qk~KH ~_ P L~K`_. W
k#~
=OH P=~z POA J`xH i tH qk_ . (uil, q`)
''q~z# O+ `= ^# }, ~`#~ q+ ~ xO~`O~ sH~ K
|_`~>O. Dq^~ Q sH~ K|_` z=iH O J~u=k<# (O
H~) `=
UXH> qyeL~_x (q`) u ^=_ HH~>O. (uil)
''q J# ^= ^_, [|_` ^ J`xH^< P^ =z_` - Jk
Z~> P^< O. L^O}H J`x *|#~z _ < `- W=h q e@
}
xH HO}==`. |~QO~ OH O_ Heq He K= |>H
=z#@ H q # i~z" J`_ h`_ K. (q`)
''=~ H ZC_< U^< kQx, H+~ Qx = ^=_ ^x ^O K@ #~_
PH Oe#@ J`x # J~`"
~k_ . (=~ )
''HH QO# HO}~Q q ZC_< Q_ K =# U^< `Ox
Q` ~`O~ x iu K H `, P }
x H_ (J`x HO `~) O~
_x ^=_ `# ^`# P^t_ . (q`)
''H, H_Q ~ _ sH Z^O# C_ q #~ =~z ^= `~ K ~ >,
J`# `e QO ~ #~z DO* ># a_
U ~x O= q`_ `_.
JC_ ^=_ `# ^`# L^t ~z '<< < ^_ (sHH QiHH~_) P#.
<< J`_ sHH QiK#. H#H J`x H~ gO J`# POQ~Q L#C_
O~ _# }" (WC_) O~_ Jx P* _ . (q`)
qxH, sHH #_= Jq<= ~|~^~ L~k. q~ L#K@ sH
` xiQ L~@~k. sHH #Hx q~ w@O `Hx Hb |~QO~ ~>k.
sHH QO#C_ q x[O~ |@ _ `~k. D ^Ox q Z~`Q
JO~ K H~> J~`Q J`# `# qOKH_ P^
# ~KQ
_.

52

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

''"= ^=x P
~. ^=x " H =Oe =#~ Jx eHiH i
= HO} H>H ax O qx~K. J~>O <O
Q=. (155-157)
, =O (H~_) (H_) ^=x K#. H#H P O~_H~_
=^ uOQ_ ~ Z~> `C ^ . (Q Jk }HO~ H_.) }HO~
Kix ^=_ (` H) P^i_ . P# =~ `e#_. (158)
"= =Q~^~ =` =#= =O^O#~ HOH +"#
P[#, `=# *sK=. J~> P[, `=# ([ =~^
"_~KH~_) ^Kix ^=_ <_. ~KO H_ ix
< O. J` [iy# ^xH `~ K~k, ==Oe x ik^H x,
^z# ^[# [H _~K ix <# Hq#. <# H=jex,
HO }=_. (159-160)
J` Jq,29Jqu< J~u= q_Kix
^=_, ^= ^`, =` =#= O . O ZC _ Q
Q<
L~>O. J~>iH #OH `# `y~K_~Qx, =OH J=H~
W=_~Qx Z> iu # [OQ^ . (161-162)
=#=O! g PO^ ^= ~ XH_. HO }=_, H$QO _#
P ^=_ ` (gH) =O ^=_ <
_ . =H $[#, O~
|= KH= }~, =^ x =#=H [#~ KH O
F_, ^=_ #~z Hi~K =O h>, `^O P# =$` qH
r=~ (K@ K=e K ^#~K) x, _q q^ r=Oe
qi ~* P# $+ < }~, Q ~KO~, <H x~yH =^
x=|^~ Q ~Ki~K " |k =~`H (^=x P` x, P#
UH`x `e) J<H< H x^O < L<. (163-164)
U"# >H qH H O=_~ POHO" # q+ "g H^. x*xH
H OH=_" POHO # q+ ~. u H+~ , u #+~ qH [#HO #
q+ ". J Jx H Ox HOHH_^ . ZC _ ~u k~K
=< ^ x "_ He. H Z^O` =`~ #~ >~Ke. JC_ J`# ^=x
^$+
x["# qQ iQ}~ K|_`_.
29. WH_ =+ ''H J< ^~ L~k. H J~> aH =~ '^K_~ .
J~^#~K uOO~ J< JO~ H_ _~ k. =#=x J~`O` `x [~
Q< J~wHi~ k. Hx J`# J<H HO}= J~`O` ^# # <H> `x
uO i_ . J~> =Hx W~ ''HO J~@~k. J~> `x uO i~z#_,
^z#"_ Jx JO~ . ^z#"_< J~O q`< # < ^K ~ ` # _ H~
JO\~. nxHO 57= J^O (n^)x 20= H K_O_.

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

53

J` ($+ xO} ^=x UH`x `e Z< x^O < H ^@

+~Q Hx< |k#y~z >x Q=x~Kx) H~^O x[^=_
=^e, q^^# @H "_`<O. Q O >x x[^=_
Ja=x# @ Jq`~Q Ja=x< O. q =`~ J~^iH<
(x[^=_# ) J < J`kH~ Q Ja=x< O. ^OO
(#OH) `#
K#C_ 'OH OkHO JH L<x, P# Ju
Hi# ~Q tH~ K_x `H~>O. P q+ ~ O (D<_) `H~>
Z~` Q~@~k! (165)
(` uOO# ) <H POA `= J#e J ~K
H~@, i``=H Z~> ~|~^~ ^# @ =iO . J` (O~`)
tH =`~ KqKO . i =^ (<H#KO ) ~|~^ iQ `y
`. JC_ i J# `~ ` Hqe`, `=H =OH
i (WHxH) uiy" J=H~ a, WC_ gO `=e J ~K
H#@ `= gix J~KH~>~ J~>O. Dq^~Q ^=_, O
WH~ K# ^OO~ , ^+H O# i `xH HO} `~Q
KK
_ . iH #OHy #~_ Uq^~ Q# |@_
O . (166-167)
=#=O! gO H~ ^iH ^O =`" # i^ ^ O u#~_.
+`< J_Q*_ #_=H~_. _ gH PQO `=. q=e _ ^+
HOH, JjK+
H iQ`_. ^=x q+ ~ gH=`~ `ex
q+ e Qi~z ^=xO H=x q=e iQ`_. (168,169)
^=_ J=`i~*# ^x J#i~K~_x J~> ''H^, = ``
=`` J#i~z#^< J#i~ J~>O O. =i i ``
=``
`eq#<, O <O~ H < (i< gO Q_Q
J#iO)?30 Hi ` =O q#x = =~k (D)
30. J#HO} [ q+". Hx J~^#HO} =#=x L# F ^
|#`. ``=``
PKO, ~^ =~[=#~` =OH >x
>~K=K. Hx =~[~, =z`~ HH`< zH. >x >~K_~ = ~
K~<QH, O
H~# #+^ H" .
D<> =~ H_ J<H =~k J=H, J*# ^O G~ x
PKO Z< He~KH<O. `= He~KH# D PKOH YOP<, n
U"< P^O L< Jx H_ Pz~KO . O# ^= *#~ HO Z=O<
''W~> P^O~x PKO >~K_~ gH `Q^ , ^= H^xH QiH==~ ^x
J~>...''F ! gO^ DOA H`Q K|`<OQx, Wq = sH #~_
=# PKO. g> `C ^ . g>< "= J~>@Hx L~>~ P#~>O.
W~> P~^#HO}
< D H
q=i~K_~ [iy~k. (5:104 H H_ K_~_.)

54

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

uOO ^O}. O (` ~ q#x) |kO , (` ~ Hx ) =Q,

(` ~ H#x) J~^ . J~K` iHH U q+ = `HH ^. (170-171)
qO! gO ^=_ =`" POk~KO` "= k~z#
i^ ^O< ux (^=xH) H$`A
L~_~_. P# gH Kz#
=e, OHx, ~k=~x, ^" ` O H <" ^ ~ ># ^O#, (JH_
=O~x) x+k~K_.31 J` ^ [ L~ ~K L^ ~ H ~_,
^gOH~_ Q`~`O~x iu =`~ (D x+k`) u#=K.
J~^ `C ^ . ^=_ Hq ~K_, HO }~K_. (172-173)
J` ~ zH [< Pt~z, ^ = _ J=` i ~ * #
q+ # ^z> O xH `= @# Jy` x~H~@<O.
J~>i` ^=_
k<# =>__ . ix i^ O K
_ . iH~
^OO # (#OH) `# (^~ K |_) L~k. gO OA=OxH |^
=O + ` x, =x~H |^ (#OH) `## Hx `K H#O. Z~`
^O ~ giH, #OHyx `~ i ~K_xH ^= O! (174-175)
^=_ `i` Q~^~ J=`i~*#>H ^x Qi~z O
q^ $+~ KHx, ~`xH x[^O xH ^O" O. (176)
H~^O J#HO}
q+ ~ Ju^xH , J#HO}
J~>< J~^#HO}

Jx "kO . Hx XH q+ ~ gO =Oz`<O. W^ J^~ 133= H

Y =H (J ) WH~ g_` ''< `O ` gO Z=ix POkO x `#
~`<x J_y#C_ ''"= g `` =``
~# W~, W M POk~z#
UHO_ POk~ Jx =^#qKO O. D H ''g `` =``
POk~z# UH O_ Jx L~>, H
''= `` =``
J#i~z# =O~
Jx L~k. D O~_>
# J#HO}
=~ L~k. J` "^>k ~ # J#HO}
,
^O=`"# ==O~ H~kH =~k. O~_=k J~^#HO}, ^O=`~Hx
==O~ H~kH =~ k.
31. D <Q =`" QH~_ =iHx } =~~ H_ x+k~K |_~k.
x+^~ Qi~z n O~_ ` K |_. > HO~ HO, Q` W`O
H e ">_ HO" # [~`=, H x+k~K|_. =iHx n HO~
HH, Q_^ =~~ H_ x+^". =iHx>x l| KH~_< u#=Kx
n `e* < . Jq K
, q_`
.
` OH~ x+^= x D H K|`~k. J~> l| K@C_ q~K OH~
J#=@. =~xH J~@Hx L~_ OH~ =@H x+^~ H^. JQ ^" ` O H
#
POk~K_~ , ix "_ H=_~ Z~`> HO", i =^ , ^O ^QO '[|
K = =~~, W`O < ^ ^O u#_~ H_ J~` HO~. (D H`
@ 5:3, 6:145, 16:115 H
H_ K_~_.)

Y~P< "=$`O

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55

g =M `O H _= OH uCH=_" }HO~ H^. ^=_,

J~u= k<x, ^=^`#, ^=_ ~# (J~u=) Q~^x, P#
=H# $^OH~Q q~z, ^=x gk =a=<`
gH` ~` =~# ^< x |~^ = H~, J<^
H~, xO^
H~, @O H~, O H~, x q=H H~ YO
K e #=* (O< ) == <He [H` Ke~ Ke Wz# =@
x@He H+H~, (`` =^ [iQ) O@~ #~
=~Ke. W~> `O KO <OQ=. O (^=x@)

H
Hey#O. (177)
qO! gH~ `==OH ~|~k~z# P[ *sK < O.
KO xH |^ KO _, xH |^ x#, H |^
x =`" (`=Oe). XH" ~`H x @ J`x (=#=`) ^O _
(`x |~^=) H~` =$^"Yi J=~a~K_xH ^_`, OHiO
= =O ~Q iO=e. ^xHO~ ~`H _ xs` OH i
Ox ~`+~Q Wz"e. Wk g= #~_ a# ~,
^#Q~. P H_ Z=O< ^gi` J`xH (OH~) ^OOtH
_ `~k. H#H |k=~`O! (W~>) uH < =#= rq`xH
^` L~^x `H~_. `^O =`" gO ` OH `H ^O~Q
L~_Q
Q`O. (178-179)
g (=O) ^` "|_`~k (q#~_). g Z=iH< =O}
H~ P#=`, J`# P H_ =^e`# H~ `e^ ~ _H,
|~^=H P ~} q+= `y# g<= Oe.32 Wk
(^=x @)
H
=#O <O O =# q^ H ^O ~. (180)
32. O` P ~H~ q+ ~ W~H Z~> ^= K@~ xO
~KH| _H
=~^ D P[ W=|_~k. P<_ O Z~> Q_= OH~_ L~_~^H
u =H (`# =O}xH =~^Q) g<= ^O qkQ `# O >#
xO
~Kx D H
K |_~k. P `O ` H<H ^=_ ~Q O
># xO
~K_~ ` D H
~#|_# P[ O^
~k. (D q+ ~ x
(
) 4= J^~ =~ k.)
^x HO~ ^=_ xO
~z# > U q^~ Q# ZH= `H = K
H_^x , O HxiH U^~< ~ K ^KH~> `~ P
=_
=~`H Q =`" (J~> i ># xO) g<= Ox
^= =H (~ ) k~KO. =_ =~`H q~z g<= O~K_xH Z=iH
Z~> JkHO~ ^ . JQ q, Jq XHi P
H =OHO O
H*Ox H_ ^= =H (~ ) KO.

56

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

XH" g<=x q+ q# `O ` >x Z=O< =i"

=`~ P~ i< K@H ~@~k. x~^ ~Q ^=_ O ~ q<_,
=~ `e#_.
g<= O# =H H`xH __xQx, ^ Z=i H<
i~z "_xQx (O ) Z=iH< J#=#~ =, J`# (g<=#
=i ") O =^ Or H^O=K. J~^ Z~> ^+~ ^ .
^=_ Hq ~K_, HO }~K_. (181-182)
qO! Q` =H
J#H Uq^~ Q L qk~K
|_ J^q^~ Q (WC_)gO H_ L >~Kx xO
~KO.
nx= g
H
[xOK J=H=~k. D L H<@
=`". XH" g Z=O< kQ_` ^ }= L~>
J~> =H `# P L# W`O k< >~z (<
L) iK
e. L~ >~K H L~_ H_ ^xx >~Kx
O =`~ iO~ Ke~K= L~@~k.33 XH L k<xH
iO~Q XH xO^H [#~ >e. (D q+ ~) Z=O< `=~`@
`= ~`+~Q =i~` }~ K ^KH~> Jk iH " KH O
`~k. U"# >H) gO q+ ~ Q ~KQe y` L~ >~K_" gH
O~. (183-184)
O=*< YOP< J=`i~z# <. DQ~^~ =#oH =O^ix.
W~^ OA=O~ `e, ``#, =~pK_ # O Oz
K
+ # ^# L<, H#H WH#~_ g O=*< <# ~^O
P <~` qkQ L~ >~Ke. J` OQQ, }H
(O=*< < `#) L# W`O k< >~z (P
~Y#) iK
e. ^=_ gH ~ KH O^eK_Qx, q=e
W|~k
x q~K_~ ^ . gO L ~Y# iK H=_
xH, ^=_ gH <O~ K#~^H P# B#`x Hx_>xH,
P#H H$`A
L~_>xHQ# D ~ k~K_. (185)
(=H!) <^ <Qi~z J_y` <# iH KO=< L<#x
KC . "~@H <_ ## "O@H ~@#C_ <#`x "~H~z,
^xH =^# q#x H_ `e*. J` O <~^O Hi~z
<@ iq~ Hey=~_e. JC_ O <O~ ~^Q
O. (186)
33. Wk L q+ ~ J=`i~z# "^> P[. W~^ H L~_ H_
L~ >~Kx =H xO^H J#^#~ K i`~^x K |_~k. J`
P `O ` H
O=*< L H Hey#O qkQ >~Kx P[~k.

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

57

58

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

LH~ Ou"
gO g O ^QO H =_~ ^O =`~
K |_~k. O gH, gO iH ^
~>O.34 gO (g O
K~`H =_xH ~Hz) P`^~ K H~@# ~Qu ^=xH `.
J~^= P# q=e HxHi~z g O@ =x< _. WC_H gO
gO` x~HK~Q O` Q_=K. ^=_ gH ^O=`~
K# ^x (^~` Mx) J#q ~K~_. gO (L H~) H_O

#(pH>) `y `e*= ` (L^H~u) H#_=OH Q
u#~_, `Q~_. P `~` (g@x>h `l~z) O= " pH> _= OH
L~ >~Ke. J` gO =^ Z`H (`x+) > # C_
=`~ g O# HHH_^ . Wq ^=_ xO
~z# ^
. >
35
H
` "eQ~^H
^i^H " H~_. [ (_`= `HH~_)
^=_ Dq^~ Q `# P^# q_=Oz `e* < _. (187)
gO XHi ^<x =OHO JH=~Q H|o~KH~_. JQ W`O
`# J<~Q H* L^~` P ==Ox JkHO ^QOH
fH H~_. (188)
(=H!) [ x# <=~H Qi~z (D `iQ iQ K~^H
~Q`q@x) J_Q`<O. Wq [ J=OH, *` `n
xO
xH ~H`x KC . iH~H W `e*: ''gO g W~_
H
^_^ i# "t ~K_~ U=`~ }HO~ H^. (J~^q H, JH=
^` H ^O~Q =H~@) ^=x @
H
Hey L~_@"
J# }HO~. H#H gO gW~_H > =Y^O~ Q~_<
"t ~K~_. gO (WH~#, O
H~#)
~ H=_xH ZC _
^=xH
_ ` L~_~_. (189)
g` O_ i` gO (P` OH}
O~ ) ^= =O~ O_~_. J`
^g OH _^ . ^g i =i~Kix ^=_ Z#>H q~K_ .36(^

q) O gH ZH_ Z^O< O i` O_~_. O q=e

ZH_ (=H) #~_ " Q>O JH_ #~_ gO ix " Q@~_. `
f=# q+ " Hx, ~ _# J~`H< f=# q+ .37O
u~ (HQ$~) ^QO (g`) O_#~`=OH gO H_ i`
O_H~ _. J` O JH_ H xH H^q` gO H_ ix
x~HK~Q Z^Ox `=O~_. ` uOOH W^ `y#tH. (190-191)
XH" O ^~ =#Hx uOQ@ "YiH Ka`, ^=_
Z~` H=je, HO}=_. (i uOQ@ "Yix P# Hq~K
=K.) J` (O ^q O=} K x H~ ) g~ J^O ~, JOKH~
iQ =, ^=_ xOt~z# ^O^~ =`" xez =OH
i` O_e. `O ` O `= PQ_ =#H~>, g~ ^O# O e
` =O=ih J}z " H~_. (192-193)
x+^= xH |^ x+^= " i`~k. x+k`x>h J~^O
=#~Q QOq~K=~^. J~` Z=O< (x+^= ~ ^ q`
~
38

^QO) g ^_K gOH_ i ^_K~_. J` ^=xH
_ ` =He. ^=xH
_ iH P# J~_Q x_ . (194)
^= =O~ YO@~_. K*` <#~ Hx`K HH~_. `O
K = ~_~_. `O Kix ^=_ ` H~_ q_ . (195)
^= # ` H~ * ` K ~_. L= PK~O H_ >~K~_.
=O= ^ gH^< J=O^~ Z^O` , gH J~^@ L# |e^<<
^=xH =i~KH~_. J` |e( =) ^#~, ^x <xH KO H#~`
=OH gO tO=~_#~ K~KHH~_. XH g Z=O< kQ
` ^ tO^H # (|e= xs` xH KOHH=~^)
tO=~_#~ K~KH= = J~>O ^xH iO~Q L~
>~Ke ^ ^#^O K e ^ |e^#~ (YOx) We.

34. ^ xH ^
H =^ Z~> Jq<== ~|~^= ~@~^ OO

=^ H_ J~> ~|~^" L~^x, J~^= O=*< < Ou"

O+
`= O# Z~> ~HK~ H ~_ HH=Kx ^=_ `e* < _.
35. WH_ ^
JuHq~K H_^x K ^ ^
^i^H " H~_
Jx K _~ [iy~k. J~> ^
L~_# =@. ^
^i^H " P
`~` U^ FOA >x H_ ^> ~ H~ _ =^~ L~@~k.
36. =H Jq =~ rq`# ^OO ~ K ix =H =^e
=n< = KO. Hx JH_ ix ~`~Q L~_x=H~_ OHO H
H@ #` z=iH =n< ^_ K_xH ^=O. JC_ =#=

~O}^=xH J_Q_ < P@~H $+ , ^ O>xH ky# ` qO^

` gO ^
O_~_x =~ H P[ W=|_~k.
J` ^ gOH _^ . nx q=O HO~ =~ J~> i`
` `= =OxH J=O^~ He~Kxi` O_H _^ .
,
, =$^
, H`
Q` H_ K K HO^. ~@, =# <#~ K H_^ . "#E
iix "~>_ K~H _^ . J=O" # "OH xHH x qxy~Ke.
37. WH_ =+ =z# ''` J< ^xH W~w+ (Persecution)
J< ^~ H~`=OH =<Ox W~ k. (2: 217 H K_~_.)
38. q=OH 9:36 HH O# ^ zH K_~_.

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

59

`~` (J=O^~ `y ^) ~` iu UO_#C_ g

Z=O< *k< OH=~^ `
xH KO Hx L= PKO~ >,
J~>O `= =`# |> |e^#~ We. |e^#~ W=xO
* H~ =_OA, W~>H uiQz# `O ` U_OA KC#
"`~ kOA L~ >~Ke. uO g~ W He
xiH =`" D ~ =i ~ k. ^=x @
H
HeyL~_~_.
P# (P*~ #H _ix) Hi# ~Q tH _x QO~ KH~_. (196)
* < gH `e#". J < * K _xH ~He~KH#
O *x= >~K OA ~ yHK+
H, K_ #H, O}

H ^O~Q L~_e. gO K u `O~ ^=xH `. * `H

|^i#C_ }=y "~@ fH~_. Jx>H~> +"#
}=y ^= c`. H#H qAO! <@
H
Hey=~_~_.
* k< gO ^=x J#Q ~ (Lk) J<+~K^
KH~>
xO ~`O~ Q J<+~K=K. J~^ Z~> `C ^ . JO ` #~_
uiy= =+Ji O~ (=[) Py J # P# <i# q^~ Q
i~K~_. nxH O~ gO ^i` #_~ _O. (197,198)
P `O ` [ U
~ #~_ "#H =Oe =O gO H_ J^

~ #~_ "#H =O~_. ^=_ H= } HOH~_. ^=_ g O@#

Hq ~K_. P# Z~` ^ =_. * x= <O" i # `~`
gO O~ g ``=``
# Uq^~ Q *H ~ K H<O J^q^~ Q
^ J~`H~ > =i~` JkH~ Q< WC_ ^=_ i~K~_.
H~^O [ ^=_ i '' ! =H (h= k~K=h)
~ K~ < k~K J~>O. J~>iH (~ K~< ` ) O
H
(O) ~ Z~> > a~K^ . (199-200)
=iH~^O <O. O '' ! =H WH~#, O
H~#
=~zx k~K. ==e #OH
`# #~_ OH~ K Jx "_ H~>O.
W~>iH i ~^## |> L
H# `y# > (u
~)
a ~ k. ^=_ `O< (HO ) H fH~>_. (201-202)
gO H< (JH_) ^= <= O} Q_ = L~@~k. Z=O<
O~_ OA< `OQ JH_ #~_ "o~< ^ POQ "o<
Z~> ^+~ ^ . U"< g~H _ L#O`HO
H
` LO_e.
^=x @ H Hey=~_~_. z=iH gO~` P# xkH
KO H= =~@~k. (203)

60

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Y~P< "=$`O

H~^O WH rq`x Qi~z K=@ x<~` PH@H ~>.

O `= J~`O~ Q =# O= q`" # =x `e~^H =>
=>H ^=_ HQ fH=O . Hx O `xH |^q O^ . (204)
J~>iH JkHO~ a~KQ< ~ K~ H H , ~@
q^ ~xH, =#= q<xH O ^ uO . ^=_ H,
H, q^ ~~, q<# Z~`=`~ ~K_ . ^=xH
_~ _x
J~> (=s >y`O.) i J~HO~ ix =i~` H ~H <>
" ~ k. J~>iH #OH" `y# tH
~. Jk O= K_
~. (205,206)
=iH~^O <O. O ^=x # ` H~ `= }# `~ ^O
O . J@=~> ^# ^=_ Z~` q_ , J#Q _ . (207)
q~z# [O! W~ iQ "t~K~_. +`< J_Q
*_ #_=H~_. J`# gH PQO `=. + # ^# J~k#>H
gO uiy `@_Q " =@H, Q `H~_! ^=_ OH
=~`_, O ~ `e# =q"H. (208-209)
(Zx q^ L^t Oz< [ `= #_=_H# =OHH` WH ^x
HOH Z^OK# @?) ^= ^` "~@OQ " K H~^ ^=_
~Q kq#~_ ky=z `=#Qi~z J>W> `eK =~ H~
O Z^OK<O? z=iH = ==O ^=x=^H KO`.
==^! "= WbH Zx +"# x^O< K"
J_Q. ^ #Q ~ a~z# `~` ^x (PKi~K_xH |^) ^OQ ~
Q =OH# *ux Z~` Hi# ~Q tH~ K_ H_ i< J_Q. (210,211)
JqY
i J=~a~z#iH WH rq`~ Z~` PHO}

~Q
Hx~K K |_~k. O qe #K < O. J` J #
K# i H~> ^= cuO
k<# L#` #~ L~>O. ~ K~
^=_ `# `z# iH q$ `~Q i~^
k_ . (212)
O~~ =#=~` XH ^O x J#i XH ^i# #_~ _
O. (P `~ "` i q^ =K.) `~ "` ^=_ i ^QO H
(<O~ J=~a~KiH) O
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61

62

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Y~P< "=$`O

`x ~^ =O~ ^=_ ^ ` (WC_) qH K_. ^=_

`# `KH# iH <O~ K`_. (213)
qO! gH O~ qH =z# (H)h g OH=~^
gH W> O " ~ a ~ ^x q< O? P<> q Z< H,
H_Q~_ qOKH _. O f= P~^# K~^O. z=iH J>
^= =H, P# KO # q (P HH `@HH) ''^= ~
ZC_ =~ k? Jx JiKO. JC_ iH ''WkQ ^= ~ g~
< L~k (Jx ^O ~ K _~ [iy~k).39 (214)
O (^==O~) ~^ U q^~Q YOKx J_Q`<O.
iH W KC : ''gO YOK ^KH#k g `e^ ~ _, |~^ =,
J<^
, JQ` O , @O H~ YOK ~_. Z=O U
`O~ K< ^x Qi~z ^=xH Q `. (215)
gO (^= =O~ ) qkQ ^~ K x P[ J~k. Hx Jk
gH Oz~K_~ ^ . XH q+ ~ gH #KH =K. Hx J~^< g
L~_=K. JQ XH q+ ~ gH #K=K. Hx J~^< gH
x L~_=K. (=~pK_ ) ^=xH Q `, gH `e^. (216)
[ x# q` = ^~ K _~ Qi~z J_Q`<O.
iH W `e*: ''P = ^~ K _~ O # q+ ~.
J` ^= =O~ J=O^ $+~ K_~ , ^=_ ~# ~^x xOH
i~K_~, ^=He u~ (HQ$~) "t~KhH~_
xOk~K_~ , JH_ L~_ix |>H Q~>"
_~- W=h ^=x ^$+

J~`H< O" # KO . ~ _# ` OH ` H< K O
"# q. iH ^ _` q=e g ^O ~ #~_ =Oe~K=OH g` O_
`< L~>O. JC_ g Q#H Z=O< D ^O x =^e ` uOiQ
=i, z=iH J^ u Kx` =`~ J`x WO HOh =O"
`. W~> L+ #OH. #OH~< O (<<
`# J#q ) ZH~ _= ~>O. (217)
nxH a#~Q Z=O (`x) q~z, (^=x # ` H~) TO,
_ =^e = ^= =O~ xO~`O~ O@~40 `O O

=`" ^#Qx Pt~KQQ`O. ^=_ Q H=je, JO

^ =_. (218)
O x# =^~, E^# Qi~z J_Q`<O. D O~_>
#
Z~` #+= ~^x KC . g> [H Hx [<<, P [<
H< # ZH=Q L<.41 W~H ^= =O~ U~ YO >x H_
O x#_Q`<O. `= J=OH Q qye~k YOK x KC
iH. gO W@ ~ K~ Qi~z, J@ O
H~ Qi~z zOx ^=_
D q^~ Q `# P[# gH +~ Q q=i< _. (219)
O x# J<^ # Qi~z H_ J_Q`<O. iH
`e *: ''ix fik^Q
U << =~z^. i` gO H"
L~_^e `C ^ . O g ^O . H_ K O=O, "K O=O
^=xH `. ^=_ `KH~> D q+~ g@ Hi#~Q
==i~K_. Hx P# O H=~`_ H=_~`@ Z~`
qK< O _ H_. (220)
|^O^HO# (`x) q~K#~` =OH ix gO
Z~> iu# q=_H~_. |^O^HO# gH Z~`
#z<, PH~> (`x) q~z# x= Z~` ". JQ
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(`x) q~z# x O+_ Z~` + _ . |^ O^H q=e
#OHy " O. ^=_ q=e ^` O~ ", H=aH "
< _. [ ^iH =K~^H ^=_ `# P[# W q_=Oz
`e* < _. (221)
"O x# O`=~ Qi~z P[ Uq@x J_Q`<O. iH
KC : ''Jk Ji^=. P u gO
(_H
)H ^O~Q L~_~_.
O i^ H#~`=OH i ^QOH "H~_. O i^#
`O ` ^=_ q=e P^t~z# su i ^QO H ^HO~ " =K.
^=_ `# =Oix, q`~Q i~Q L~_ix =`"
q_ . (222)

39. q=OH 2:155-157, 29:1-3 H

, > ^ zH K_~_.
40. =+ ''l^ J< ^~ =z~k. l^ J~> H ^# H~ O
H
, X#O qxy~z f=~Q H$+K
_~, O_@~ (Struggle) Jx JO~ .
D q$ ` =~ ^ O@~ H_ L~k. J` H=~ ^ O@~ H~

YOP< ''d` J< ^~ _|_~k. H#H H ^# H H~ ^O, H ^O

KO~ K =H H_ ''=*^ (^ _)Q< iQ}~ K|_`_. P =O~
#_=_~, q~K_~ , ^# H#H == qxy~K_~ , H# ~K_~ , #
Z^O=_~, =# JkHq ~K_~ "^# =h l^ ikH =.
41. q=O H~ 4:43, 5:90 H
, > ^ zH K_~_.

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63

gO gH == H `~>O. gO g == H `H
gH+ # su " =K.42HH` gO gq +` (O
H~) Qi~z *Q`
=~K~_. ^=x@ ^
H
HeyL~_e. XHOA gO~` P#
xkH =L~k. =H! ` HOH (O) O qx~K. (223)
=~zH, ^= cuH, [ =^ Or H^O _xH ~|~k~z# #
=#H< q+~ gO =}~ K==, J~> ##
Qi~z ^=x O` =}~ K H~_. ^=_ Jh q~@<_. P#H
= q+ `. gO J~HeH~Q, P=+Q K JO~ O~ x
=}# Qi~z ^=_ q=e t~K_ . gO =#iQ Hx
K =}# Qi~K P# q=e xn_ . ([iy~^^ [iy~k)
^=_ Z~` H= je, JO H$j_. (224-225)
`= O# HH=x =}~ KiH <Q < Q_ =
L~@~k.43XH" O (D Q_ =Q) ^x L~ i~KH~> ^=_
Hq ~K _, HO }~K_ (Jx `H~_). ^xH |^ O q_H
W=_xH xO
~KH~> QO~ KH~_ ^=_ Jh q~@<_, P#H
= q+ `. (226-227)
q_H ~k# `=~`@`= =_ O`= ^H "z
=~_e. ^=_ i QO $l~z# ^x ^K_~ iH =~H^.
42. WH_ OO
~|~^x == H `xH, O` H LO_ ~|~^~ `
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*Q`
fH~>_. x ^x J^# K q`# ~ <@`_. ZO= "_ .
H "H H_. p_ OQ @H~_ =~^ K`_. ~_# ~@
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He_ .
J^q^~ Q O H_ ~ yH#~^~ H" QH ~`<`u H ~` H_ O
@ `y# q^~Q =H~>_x DH ``~k. J~`Qx, O# q
== Q iQ}~ z P" @ q$~Y~Q ==i~K_xH Z~`=`~ g^ .
W~`H D H U ~^O ~ J=`i~z~^ P q+ x H_ `H=_~
K J=O~ . [` *aO (Ol) H^# ~ HO~ ''O` "#H " #~_ ~y
"H~ _Q

_Ox ^ J~@~_O. ^xH =^#~Q D H
J=`i~z~k. (|Mi, =~ )
43. OO
=^ OK O=_~, ^x= ``eH~Q ^~` H
H ^O~Q L~_@~ [~. J` D JQ_, H`` ^~` H H
^O~Q L~_=# Q_ = <Q < =`" . DQ O
OK
^O~ K Hx UH=e. D Q_ = ^>` W^i =^ q|~^~ `y`~k.
J` OO
Or_` uiy q~ K H=K. nx ''D J~>O.

64

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J #, J~u=k<x q~KO` s q+ x |O` ~ K e. i

O Q#H O~|~^# #O^i~KH^e D Q_= Q `=
O# uiy ^~` ~H fH<~^H iH i H~k. 44
^O}~Q O+H Z~> H< <O~Q
O+
H H_ J~> H L<. HH` O+H

XH "@ PkH ` L~k.45 ^=_ H= ~`_, q"K< O _. (228)
44. O O #~_ `~Q "O
=_xH q_He< #x "`~ rq`
H~ =_O =`" H>
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#
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J*#~` `# OH XHi =_ `Y W=_~ [iy` P" J`x #~_
`~Q "O
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K _xH P# H`Q =Oi q~ (xH) K H= L~@~k. J` P
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H>
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65

q_H W< #x O~_O =`" Ke. P `O ` (xO

~
=OH~>) =z` su (O#) q|~^~ H#y~Ke ^
(J~> xO~ =OHH` q_He<#x =_=i H_ K
P"#) L`= su =k e.
J_ g~"H (=O ^ H#H ~O) Wz# ==
H~`~< ~ , " fH=_~ gH ^O =`~ H^. XH" ^O`
^= xs` iq` H@|_ LO_= x J#O>, Jk "~ q+ O.
^~` e^O ^= xs` iq`H H@|_ L~_= x
_# C_
`# OH U< WK J`x #~_ "O_ ^KH~> i^i =^
U^< XO^~ H^O_ ~ `C ^ . Wq ^=_ xO
~z# iq`.
>x JuHq~KH~ _. ^= iq`e JuHq~KO ^OO
. (229)
(=_=i H_) q_He, WH Px ^~` |~^~ H fH=_~
J`xH ^O ~ H^, P" =O=Hx q=_ J`<H q_He ` .
O~Q# O+` [~ [~ He xK _~< =#Q_, QO= u+

L<x K|`, P# H@~| ^ ` #~_ ` ~KO. `` e `~Q P" [
^ # ~, H=O~, j~, =# =O^ =^~ _ .
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`# J~Q+= ~`, J~^e qOl" P^ xH J~HO}
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O+~_ u "kH, u O~Q~ Hx~K_xH u~k.
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j=`) > K^ J# H_ J#k#~ KqK< O.
W~ H@~|~ J< ~H O+_ KO <Q, x H@sQ xq~z Z=i
^ `e, He iH <=~`~Q H>~z~k. J~`QH P KO <, H@s
Z=i q^ O H=~Q xO# C_ H@~|~ J< ~ =~Q, Q ,
*=Q Q`~^x K|`~k.
U ^~ # W^O J^ H ^ W^O ^ # L~_O . U xH ^~ #
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xK O . U ~ h W^O <H #_
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OQ H=# x^ . H, ^ ` ~ x|~^< =o (YOP<) +~ Q
O#|_. D ^ `e qi P H@~|~ qyk J~u, J[_.
(
, ^ `, =# QiOz# q=~ HO 'W" i~
O@~ #O_ "=_# ''=O = J< H O K^= O_. r: 240)

66

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XH" ^> O , D, W^O `= ^= xs` iq`H H@|_ L~_

Q=#H~> (W) O O O~ uiy UH==_~ `C ^ . Wq ^=_
xO
~z# iq`. g>x P# qA H~ q=i< _. (230)
gO H (O~_O) q_Hez# ~^O~ i Q_= i
H=# C_ ix H=~Q (g W~@) L~_x=~_. ^ (=_=i
H_ q_He# @ H>
~ z) $^ ~` Q#~~_. J~`Qx, p>H
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^=x P[e #=@Q KHH~_. P# gH k~z# =
Q# Fi QOH `K H~_. g H~ J=`i~* # k=
Q~^x, (J~^x) qH= ~`" # q+ # QOq~K_~ <O H=~kQ
P# gH L^t < _. (u q+ ~#) ^=x @
H
Hey
L~_~_. P# O ~ Ziy#_x `H~_. (231)
gO g
H q_H Wz" _~, i Q_ = (W^` ) fi=_~
[iy# `O `, O `= ~ ~
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^z# H~ , J~^H O
=^ ^O H~ Q O O~ J~wHO~
Hki`, gO i qx J_H H~_, ^ x, J~u=k<x q~KiH
DP^~ ^O `^ ~ K |_`~k. Wk gH~ Z~` ~O=~`
"# q`q+ ~. Jx q+ ^=xH `, gH `e=. (232)
` `= a_
H Q_ =H~ O
=OH @^
KH~>
iQ O~_ ~=`O >e. JC_ a_` ~ _ PH `y# su
u~_, |@ =HO= L~@~k. J` O
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q~z# O~ "H_^. a_# H#~^H W@ `eh H+@ H_^
a_[ #H HOH _#~^H J@ `~_h "k~ KH _^ .
a_H > `e @ a_` ~ _H Z~` ^ ` L~^ J`x O
H_ J~` ^` L~k. XH" `e^~_ XHOHO ~k~KHx
O O "^~` a_H =x~K^
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K` >~ K#H< `C ^ . HH` >
iH `y# u
~ =@* e. gO ^=x@
H
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QO~ KH~_! gO K # #x>h P# Q=x< L<_. (233)
g Z=O< Kx, i O |uH=~> J~>
<Q
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46. D <Q < Q_ = H~ P #ixHQH, J~HO}
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67

(W^` ) =yH O `=H #z#x (#i~) `y#su K H=K.

^xH g Z~> ^ `^ . gO K #h ^=xH `. (234)
Q_=H~ gO P q`~` x q=_ ^z#@ K#
~Q `e*< ^ g L^ x g =#< ^z=~z< O
`C ^ . gs q+ x P" ^QO qOx ^=xH `. J` XH
q+ ~ QO @H~_- gO K@=@Q Z~> X~^~ K HH~_.
Uk K< ^OH~Q< Ke. Q_=H~ fO#~`=OH gO o
q+ ~ Q>x O
~ fHH_^ . g $^ "k u q+ ~
^=xH `. H#H P#H
_ ` L~_~_. JnQH ^=_ (g z#
z# O@#) =x~K_x, ~K_x H_ `H~_. (235)
gO g O# HH=_xH =~^ i =O xO
~Hx
HO iH q_He `C ^ . J~> u iH Z~` H~` (=)
`xiQ =@*e. ^xH_<, ^_< `=`= H "OH `y#
su nx J~^*
e. Wk ` O+ <O" O =# qk. (236)
gO gO# HH_xH =~^ iH q_H W===,
xs` =O Q~ = Ke~ K= L~@~k. J` =$^Y
i
J=~a~z (=O J fHH)`, ^ q|~^~ `# Jn#~
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q+ ~. gO (J~> O+) $^ ~` g H# =^H~> =s
=~zk. Wk ^= cuH K ^Qi =O~ . O O~ L^O =~` =
H=_~ =OzH~_. gO K #h ^=xH Q `. (237)
gO g O# (#=A)x>h, =Y~Q =^ O## H=~
` H~_ xO *Q`Q H_H~_. ^=x xk q# q^
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ZH=< Z ^ ` J O# K ~_. `O ` g
~^#
`y =# H^@_` ^=_ <i# ^u HO~ Px ^x~K~_.
x*xH D ^u gO Wk=OH Z#_ ZOQO . (238-239)
g Z=iH< =O}H~ P#"# C_ i O rq~z=~>,
XH ~=`~~@ i (+}) YO i ~Kx, W~>#~_ "_
Q@
H~ #Q, O~Q = ^i ~KH _^x , ^ = ^i ~Kx Qi~>H, O,
H@H @HH_^x , H~HO}
H_ K HH_^x `~k. XH O Kx
=~ P QO ~ ^i ~z L~>, P" Q_ =H~ q ~K =OH L~@~k
q ~KQ< P Q_ = fi`~k. (65:4 H K_~_.)

68

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O^x O (`= O H) q Oe. P

`=~`@ `= W~>
#~_ "o `=H #z# x (#i~) ^O =`~Q K H^e
^xH g Z~> ^ ` L~_^ . ^=_ O H= ~`_, Z~` qK<
O _. q_H ~k# =H H_ =z` su r=#$ u Wz
~e. Wk ^= cuO <O O =# q^ H^ O ~. gO q+ x JO~
K H~>Ox ^=_ W `# P[e gH q_=Oz k < _. (240-242)
==^! H=~ K=H
_ `= W~_# ~_ i# "k
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ix =m |uH~K_ H_. x~^~Q ^=_ =#= @ Z~`
^ =_. Hx K=~k P#H H$`[` KO . (243)
qO! ^= =O~ O_~_. ^=_ u q+ ~ q~@<_x,
=~ Ziy#_x Q `H~_. (244)
g Z=~~< ^=xH +" # O}^#~ J~^* O L<O?47
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Lkx `y~ K_. ^x =$k K_ H_ P<. z=iH P# xkH
gO~` =Oe = L~k. (245)
= (xO}~) `O ` W ~`u <HH Z^~~#
i`e Qi~z hH `? O (J>) `= =H ^QOHo ''"=
^= =O~ ^~ K _xH gQ =H O^ ~ =~K~^H XH
OA# xq~K Jx q#q~KH<O.
^xH ^==H ''(O, JQ xq.) Hx fO q=e ^~
K =x P^t gO xOHiO" ! J<_.
''J^! ==e = W~_# ~_ " Q>O . = *

# =H
^H H~_ KO. J~@C_ "= ^= =O~ ^~ Z~^H K O?
J<O O. Hx fO ^~ K =x P[ HQ< i H~^O `
J~^O "#E iO. ^OO
~Qu ^=xH Q `. (246)
(O, ) ^= =H (i HiH# =x~z) ''^=_ gH ``x OAQ
xq~K_ Jx `e*_. Jk qx O (^#QO~` qOgQ`)
''OKiH~ K_xH "= ZH= JO~, H^O~ Qx, J`<
J=`_? J`# U=~` u O _ H_ H^? J<O.
47. +" # O}^#~ J~> H=O ^= # ` H~ }
H` WK O}~
J#=@. W ^_ ^O ~< H$+H, WK ^< x ^=_ JCQ iQ}~ z,
^xH J<H O@ u
~ WK ^ `# ~Q fH<_.

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(2. |Y~)

69

JC_ ^= =H W J<_: ''^=_ gH |^ J`_ (D xH~)

Z~KH<_. P# J`xH (HO^# H H=#) |k|x, H~_|x
H_ +~Q k~K_. ^=_ `# `KH# iH O*kHO~
k_ . P# q^$+ H_, O ~ `e#_. (247)
^= =H (q=O~Q `e* ) WJ<_: ''^=_ g J`_ OAQ
xq~K_xH x^O #~Q (Q_ gO H# q`) >H gH uiy
a ~ k. J~^ g = " # gH ~f ~`$
Hey~K =y
L~k. JnQH J~^ =, O< H@~cH =^e"o# q`
J= H_L<. P>H# ` ~ ^= ^` H_`<O. gO
x[~Q q~z#O` (nx #=~_) gHk Q x^O #~. (248)
P `O ` `` #~ fHx ^xH |^O ` i`
W J<_: ''^=_ (^i) XH #k ^O q=e sH~ K`<_.
P #k hO `Q_ <_ H^ `Qx_ <_. J` (}~
H_H=_xH) ^e` H~K~ h `y` O^. Hx (fO #k
^QOH KOHQ<) H~^O ` J~^O (H_O) `QO.
P `O ` ``, q~# J`x KO #k ^> P=H
KO H#C_ i K=~k ''DOA *`x, J`x <x Z^O<
H = ^ J<O. J` XHOA ^=xH =Y~ K~K= L~^x
#=`#O =`~ (`<xH U=`O
_H ~_) ''Q`~ Hk
~Y =# #~ H_ ^#Q~` J`kH ~Y =# (`)
<x => Hi~z~k. ^=_ O ~ Q x|_ ^O ~Q O_iH J~_Q
L~>_ Jx J<O. (249)
O ^" ^ #~ *`H , J`x xHH Z^OQ =z#C_
''! =H #~, O~ k~K. (^~) = HH xH_
KH i Jq =H q[~ k~K Jx "_ H<O. (250)
JC_ O ^=x J#Q ~` *` <x z`Q F_~KO.
*`x ^=^ =k~K_. (P `O `) ^=_ ^=^H O*kHO~, |k
H~ k~K_. W~H H=#=h J`xH <O_. Dq^~ Q ^=_
H~^i ^O H~^ix xOe~KH ` ~ K~ JOKH~ , JH
` x~_
`~k. ^=_ ~ K =#= @ Z~` ^ =_. (J~^H P#
D q^~ Q J~u, JOKH xOe~K UO@ K L
~>_.) (251)
W=h ^=x H
. g>x "= hH ^`^ ~Q qx < =.
x~^ ~Q h= = =H
XH =H= . (252)

70

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

D ^==H "= H~^iH L#`< k~KO. i

H~^i` ^=_ ` H~ Q =>__. =i H~^iH W`O q+ B#`O
Wz P^i~K_. JQ =O~H=O_~# DH H_ "= + #
== k~K=. i^` 48# ~ J`xH ~ K=.
^=_ `KH~> +"# K#, x^O<# K# [
=H
(xO}~) `~` O O~ H~KH<O H^. (J` =#=
`=H a~z# K`~`` q^H #HH~_ ix |
=~`~Q P_~ ^=x Ja=`~ H^. J~^=) O O O~ q^ H
QO O. H~^O `x q~KO =iH~^O uO i~KO. ^=_
`e O O O~ H~KH<O H^.49 Hx ^=_ `# `KH#k
Kf O`_. (253)
qO! Z~> H qH [OQx , HO L Q
_x , Z=i O H_ Kx (O
H fO) k#~ OH=~^ "= gH
k~z# ~^ #~_ (H~` ^= =O~ H_) YO@~_. (==@
#=x) ` uOO O= ^OO
. (254)
(J# PO^h_) J. P# ` =O PO^^=~
_ . P# x`r=_ Z#>H xk~Kx_ Hh~ H#H@ H_
_x _. =H =# =~ P#^. Z=i q+ ~<< O,
P# J#=u H ~_ P# xk Z=O O K Q`O?
i =~^# ^q>, iH QKi~KH ~_ O ~Q L#^q> J~`
P#H `. P# `KH~> ` P#H# *#~^x U
q+ ~ H_ Z=iH `e^. P# O*kHO~ =H# i
"+~z L~k. > OH} P#H U=`~ H+"# xH^. P#
OkHi, O#`_. (255)
48. WH_ i^` J~> ^= ^` [` lc (J ) Jx JO~ . D#
^=x ^QO ~_ ^= =H
H ^= ~^~ KO" ^= ^`. `e ^= =H [` P^~
(J ) #~_ J~u= ^= =H ==^ (~ ) =OH =#~k =H
H D<
^= ~^~ J~^* "O.
49. WH~ =#=H XH sH
~. H#H ^=_ ix sH~ K_xH OA
=O" ^, J=O
" "iH +~ Q `e* , >x J=~a~K K `~`
# H_ k~K_. g>x qxy~z H~^O OA=O~ #_ O
H

~ Pt~ >, =iH~^O J=O > ~zH ""~ _ O.

^=_ k~z# D K `~`# "#H fHx O~^s XH ^i# #_
WH D sHH JO" ^ .

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(2. |Y~)

71

^OHO} Z~> |=~`~, |`O =. `~ J`~

#~_ +~Q "OK|_~k. H#H WH#~_ q^^# xOHi~z
J# q~z#_ Z#>H U=`~ KHK^Ox ^$_"# P~
~k#>. (P) ^=_ O ~ q~>_, =~ `e#_. (256)
q~z#iH ^=_ H_, a+. P# ix pH>
#~_ f "QH "__. `x uOi~KiH K H
"Q #~_ f pH>
H fH . O
<.50 ix D KH
#OH. #OH~< O ZH~ (<< `# J#q) _
=~>O. (257)
W~` J`x = q+ ~ ^#H ky# =H Qi~z h=
Pz~K? ^=_ J`xH O*kHO~ k~K_.51 J~^= J`#
(JkHOQO ~` qOgQ` ^=x q+ ~ ^#H kQ_.) ''Z=i Jn#~
r=#O}< P< <= Jx W~ J#C_, ''K=
|`H <Jn#~ H_ L<x J<_`# . ''J` ^=_ O_
`O#~_ L^~* < _ H^, h= H J`_ _= O #~_ L^
~*
K^~ Jx J_Q_ W~. ^xH P ^= uOi =^#~
W=H `"
~"_. ^=_ ^OO
H Z#>H <O~ K_ . (258)
O, XH =H L^~`~ Qi~z Pz~K? J`# XH Q=~ g^Q
}~ K Q_. P Q=~ W~_ HC He O <#=~
50. WH_ K H
~> ^= ^ ^
gi, `" ^=Q, =Q
=i~KOx JO~ . D JO~ =#=e <O~ #~_ ` ~K_xH J#H}
~ ~z
L~_ Wc =Y_. `O ` =x+ =<~Ke O<e. P `~` O
,
|~^ q`, =[~, <H, H, =`Q O=, , ^~`HO

"^~# "O~` =O . ~`H `, ~` "^` `x H#x =x+ gO~^iH
x, "i O
HH =Q =i rq`~`~ U=O@ _L
~>_.
51. u Q~# |^O^H ^=x ^=`x ~O_ QQ
ql ~KO. XH>, Jf~k H
H ~|~k~z# ^= `~. D Qx O H$ u
H
H, ``H, ^= ^`H Jk~z >x POk L~>O. >H `=
"H|_ Ke L~>O.
O~_, ~$uH, O[H ==OH ~|~k~z# ^=`~. nx O
OAH, =` QO=H, ~ ~x =YH ~Hq~* O. D HO}~Q<
K=~k OA `=# `= ^~ ~`=x H>~KHx WO[~
K ~ _ "O. D O~Q~ ^=xH Z~> JkHO~ ^x i =#. O O # =`
QO=, O`, ^O HO
H_ iH H= H~ _O. WH_ W~ =H
(J )` #=^ KH=i H_ J^ =#` "^#H kQ_.

72

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

L~k. J`# (~= O` K) ''Kz# D Ti[<x ^=_

=m Z |uH_! J#H<_ (`#`#). JC_ ^=_ ("~@<)
J`x }~ f_. Pq^~ Q J`# (xs= u ) =~^ @ _= <_.
P `O ` ^=_ J`xH =m }~ _. JC_`x ` ''hg
u Z~`H~ L< K Q?Jx J_Q_. ^xH =H ''XH O*
H J~`H~ > `H = H" L<##H~># Jx J<_.
JC_ ^=_ W K_:''H^, h= =~^ (W) L<=. O,
h= "~@ `K H# J#h " K_, (W< Q_z <) Jq U=`~
K_^. h Q_^ " H_ K_ (^x Z=H `~ Z rO=~
). "= hL^~`~ ^O [H Q}O~ QO _ xH W KO.
D Z=HQ_ iK ^x uiy =~~ $+~ z Z `" K_.
Dq^~Q J`# ^~O HO K ''^=_ uh KQ
=O_, OH=~`_x <H ` J<_. (259)
=O ~ @#. JC_ W~'' ! h= =$`e Z |uH
Fi <H K J<_. ^xH ^=_'' hH (=g^) #=H~ ^? Jx
J_Q_. ''Z~^H ^, L~k. Hx < =<`$ H~ J_Q`<#
J<_ W~.
''J` <Q H e fH. >x (+~z) =zH K H. `O `
(>x H) > Q XH^x XH H~_ L~z >x =. ~@<
Jq Zyi h^QO H =K. (D ~^O ~ Q) ^=_ O H= ~`_, J`~`
q"K< O _# q+ ~ Q QO~ KH J<_ ^=_. (260)
^= =O~ ~^ YOKi (YO) eH, XH q`# ~ <@Q Jk
U_ "# Dx u "# =~^ y~[#@ L~@~k. J^ q^~ Q
^=_ `# `KH# i HO
x J<H O@ ~K`_. ^=_ Z~`
L^O =_, O ~ `e#_. (261)
^==O~ ^<x YOK_~` @, K# " QOK
(^#Q`) =# <~Kxi H~ i u~ i = ^QO
^~ Q L~k. iH (O
H~) Z~>
~Qx, ^Y~Qx L~_^ .
^#~K (^#Q`) =# <~K x H< =$^=Q =>_@~,
Hq ~K_~ J<q Z~` +" # #. ^=_ xOHO _, q$^ ~
H_. (262-263)
(H#H) qO! H "C H~ ^O < |k` ^#^O K
_, gO g ^#^O# Zu_ =@^O, (Q`) =#

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

73

<~z =$^ KHH~_. J`xH ^=xg^, OHg^ #=HO ^.

J~> =H (K ^#^O) s=O~ HO=Q< ## > =>O
H `_z@H ##Q qye Ou (^~)` =#~.
J~>O `O K Z~> }
~ ~^O . ` uOOH
^=_ Z#>H <O~ K_ . (264)
(nxH a#~Q) H=~ ^=#` H~ z`k` `= ~^#
YOK O "OH ~`~ L~_ `@ ~>O. P`@ =O Q
L~> O~_~`
x~ k. J~`Q =O H ~_ #> [
_< ^xH i`~k. gO K #h ^=_ Q=x< L<_. (265)
g Z=iH< XH ~_` @ L~^#H~_. J~^ H= H_
= ~ >. `@ J`x H~ OHO H ~_
+~Q
~_ ^~ Q L~>. J`xH =$^ ~ H_ =~ k. J` J`x

W~H #= < L~>O. J~> u FOA O`Q f="#
=_QH `@ `~ =_ =`~k. W ~q ~K_x J`#
W+ _ ` _? gO (`x) JO~ K H=_xH ^=_ W `# He
g=~^ q=i< _. (266)
(H|>) qO! gO ~k~z# ^x#, "= <#~_ g
H~ L`uK# ^x# +"#^x ^=O~ YOK~_.52
^= =O~ YO K _xH <OH ~ == e Uif `~ K H~_.
J~> == e gH Q#H Z=~~< W gO fH=_xH W+ _ ` O?
H =Hx HiOH x, =#iQ gO Z#>H >x Hi~KO .
^=_ xOHO _, ` Q ~ h_x `H~_. (267)
+`< q=e ^iH~Qi~z
> Q = e# #H _
O _ . Hx ^=_ q=e Hq #x, J#Q #x Q#~ K < _.
52. ^=_ =#=xH J`x =#Q_ H~ D ~ K~ J<H OH ~^e
k~K_. J~^HQ# J`_ ^=xH H$`A_ L~_@~` @, P ~^
H~`
Q~ xO^# `> =#=H_ J~^*
e. =` Hey#O `= ^# , H#H,
=, ~^
#~_ u U_ O~_#O `~ K# f ^H ^#~ K e.
nx [H` J~>O. (2:43, 9:60 H
, > ^ zH, K_~_.)
J~`HH~_ O ^#~, JO, ~_, HOQ `k`O L``

#~_ H_ [H` f= L~@~k. nx ''L+ J~>O. J` L+ _kH

XHi =`" QH, ~=`OxH ZxO ~_ JxO f ^H ^#~ K e.
=O~ = ~_ ~@ #~_ k `~, YO` H_# h>O^ HO ~ = ~_
~@ #~_ J^ `~ KC# L+ f ^H qkQ J~^*
e.

74

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

P# Z~` L^O=_, O~ `e#_. `# `KH# iH

q"H~ , qKH}
*#~ k_ . q"H~ , qKH}
*#~ a~z#_ Z~`
J^$+ =~`_. x[~Q J`xH JO ~^
a~z#>. |k=~`
=`" (=) `^ ~ Q O . (268-269)
gO (^= =O~ ) YO K~ ^<, H gO "H|_ K H#
^< O, J~` ^=xH `. ^OO
H Z=O ~ K O. gO
^#^O |O~Q~Q K< =~z^ XH" gO W`O H~@ _H ~_
O ~Q JQ` O H ^#~ K Jk =s =~zk. J~> ^#~ g
# H_y " ~ k. gO K^~` ^=xH `. (270-271)
(==^!) [# <OxH fHK ^ ` hg^ ^ . ^=_
=`" `# `z# ix ^iH `_ .
g~^ #~_ gO Uk YOK< Jk gH ^H~. gO
K^~` ^= # ` H" H^! ^= # ` H~ gO Uk YOK< ^x
}
~ gH iQ a ~ k. gH=`~ J<~ [OQ^ . (272)
=Y~Q ^= HO x=Q~~, r=<k H~ ^O }
uiQ
J=H~ x xO^H (PiH ~ K ~_). i u Q` ZOQx O
i P`a=#~ K O u O #x qO . Hx i =M K
gO i "= iu Q O . O (Q =^e) [ "~@|_ Ji~K
(KH ~>) OH^. i O HO gO K UYO< ^=xH
`eH~_ L~_^ . (273)
Ou~|= |O~Q~Q#, Q~Q# (^= =O~ ) `= ~^#
YO Ki H~ `y# u~ i = ^QO ^~Q L~k. iH
(JH_) Z~>
~Qx, ^Y~Qx L~_^ . (274)
` =_ u<_ K~ ># z_ (a`O K` =k
#~_) _ . D ^u H HO}~, O O~ H_ =_ ~>^ H^
Jx J~>O. Hx ^=_ Ox ^O =`~ K_. =_x J^O HO~Q
xO~K_.53 H#H D `^ J~k#O WH=~^ =_ u#>x
53. D<_ H_ H~`=~k 'O~ H_ =_ ~>^ H^! Jx J#_~
=#~ q~@<~. Hx =_ ==# ^=_ iQ x+k~K_. =_ u< (fH<) _,
ux~K (WK) "_, ^xH H Q L~_ix, =_ `~ O_- J~^s ^=_
~ K_x ^= =H (~ ) `eO. (J|^=^, W =[, #.)
=OH n ^= =H () W =z~KO: ''J^O HOH` `x
J}z" L^ ~` J<O _H J~_Q xez# =H ^=x OH}
#~_, ^= =H

Y~P< "=$`O

(2. |Y~)

75

=#He. [iy~^^ [iy~k. WH#~_ =`~ =#He. P~>i

==O~ (O ) ^=_ i+i_ . XH" D P^~ J~k# `~ "` H_
=m Z=O< D HOxH _` O #OH~ =`O. #OH~ <
ZH~ (<< `# J#q ) _L
~>O. (275)
^=_ =_x `^=>_. ^#^OH =$kqH Hey_.
H$` _, `_#_ ^=_ Z#>H q~K_ . J` (`x)
q~z ^KO ~# #=A (qk) xO, (^ PiH )
[H` <O O L~_iH iu
~ i = =^ ^~ Q L~k. iH
(O
H~) Z~>
~Qx, ^Y~Qx L~_^ . (276-277)
qO! ^=xH _~_. gO x[~Q q~z# ~~`
gH O=# =_x =k~_. gi KHO, *Q`! ^=x
`O #, P# =H `O # gH =uOH~ Q ^ H@
# "=_#># x
`H~_.54 H#H WH#~< `~ K~k (=_ fH=_x =<)
#@` gH g = ^# ~ fH< H L~@~k. ^x= gH #+~
L~_^ W`O H #+~ L~_^ . (278-279)
OH}
#~_ |>H #>. XH kO~ (~) H_ =_ u#_ ~ 33 O
=aKO~ K# ~` =#~. J^O ~^#` +~K|_# sOxH (#OH)JQ
`y# tH . (`x)
"OH n P# W k~KO: ''g Z=~~< "OHiH JC Wz
#@` (JC fH#) J`# P =HH H#H ~#C_ ^ `# "#~ g^
HO@H=_xH =~^Hz#C_ (O}^`) P H#H# Hi~K_~ Qx, J`x
"#~ g^ ZH_~Qx K H_^ . J` D# =~^#~p Q` =~ >
J K _~ ` ^ . (W=*, q`)
54. Wg # L~_O == < , =" `O < O =_ O~
K _~ <O~ . [` WJ, < |, Ws< ~> =Y +sJ`"`

DHx |> =_ fH< =H =u_` z Px =x~*
x, =#HH` J`_
=k~Kx Ja_O . J` =iH~^O +sJ` "`
, J~> =Hx =_ f
H=_~ =<=OH *
_ Kx Ja_O . 3, 4 J^ =_ fH=_x
i~K_~ [iy~k. (3:130, 30:39 H
K_~_.)
PiH K_ Qx>H =_
=HO}=x O~ PiH G"`
~^O J~wH
i~KO. #H> =` H_ =_x ^^= x+k~K. M` wH `` `

>, Ji>
=_x xO~ KO. > Laws J< `# Q~^~ XH P^O #QOx
=i J~^ =_x x+k~K_. Ji> ''e>H J< `# Q~^~ ''_|
~k~K ^` =_ J`~` hK"# ^u J<_. =OH K@ ''^<O#
q^<H =_ Z~` H$ u qO^" # x Jx O<_.

76

(2. |Y~)

Y~P< "=$`O

XH" O}Q _ W|~^` `= `=`~> iu KH |_ =OH

J`xH J=Hq=~_. O}~ =K
=s=~zk. gO (q+ ~) Q ~K
Qe` Wk gH Z~` O" # k. gO~` z=iH ^=x xkH KO H
=# k#~ Qi~z
_~ _. (POA) u=HH J`# K H# HO H
i u
~ a ~ k. Z=iH Z~> J<~ [OQ^ . (280-281)
qO! gO U^< XH xs` HxHQ# JC WzKH=_~
Qi~z OO~ =>_H~> P q+x "`OH~Q #"^
K H~_.55 J` O}`~ O=H Z=iH Z~> #+~ HQhH~_
a ` x|~^# =_ x+^~ Qi~z# Hx H K_~_:
''< [ h^ #~_ XH c^xH = Jz# _ =_H K
x
= x_ =i~KH _^ xH_ =_ fH#H_^ . (xO= H~_=-22:25)
''Jz =_ KH#@, = K@
@ =#Q # K _
|`H<? |`H_ . D HO= K# Q#Q P==Q xH =O} tH
qk~K=#. (*- 18:13)
H = =`~ O
JQQ}
_# =i< ^O =_x Qi~z O# q+ x
HO =O W O<_: ''=_ XH ^ OH . Wk O <#~ K ~ k. =#~ ^_
Q~_#, ~`H #, ^~Q# K~`= H^! =i D =_ fH< ix U~
K e? ix ">_ `H #iH"
e. (H@ 2= Q~-.652)
=_ x+^~ Qi~z a W~` +" # P^ L#>H <> H = , Jk
=`" #x, P[ H^x K|`<O.
=#$u H_ =_ x+k~K|_~k. =#= =_ rq`~ P^
~^ rqHQ
K|` }, H u =`~ P^
~^ `~ =_H z
r=#~ K O^x
J<_. (IV- 220)
=OH K@ ''x O+ H #~ (=_ i J#~ =~` =#~) Jx
O<_. J` P `O ` ^O H O " H~ =_ =$ux ^O =`~
KO. Q PO ^O HO Z=O=i =^ Z~`~` =_ fH H_ xO
~KO.
D<_ p# =`q=h O`H =`" iq`=~ . W~
g@x>H a#~Q O`H, K`
H ~`#x "Y ix Qi~ k. ''P^~ J~k# `O`
=m Z=O< HOxH _` O #OH~ =`Ox f=~Q Ki~k.
55. O}^`H O}Q
Z~` #=H~ L#>H =~^*Q` H~ ^gA
O~KH=_~ K =~zk. ^gA H e H_ @He. nx= L

=^ ~|~^ =~Q L~>. ^gA O~KHH~_ Jz #C_
qk=` O}Q _ JC Ke~ KH ~_ ZQ" O}^`H [iy# D #xH ^=_
H_ ^ ` fH_. D ~^O ~ Q ^= =H (~ ) W J<O:

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(2. |Y~)

77

<~Q, x+H `~Q "e. ^=_ `#H <i#q^~ Q "e. J`#

^gA "_xH xOHi~KH _^ . ^ ` #|_# =H (O}Q _ )
=`" P q+~ K "~Ke. J`# `# x[=# ^=xH

_ ` xs` ==O~ Z~> `yO K H~_ "~Ke.

XH" JC fH< =H |k=~^~ H_, |#_ J
#@` ^ K "~K H x_` J`x ~OHH _ K <~Q
"~Ke. (D ==O~ Qi~z) g W^O O+e H Q @
H~_. O+ W^O a~KH ` XH O+_, W^O
< K.
i XH =Oz ` O~_ J< QOK
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_ ` =H~_. K_~_,
P# gH Z~> =~z q+ <O `<_! ^=_ = q+
Ziy#_. (282)
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^=_ "O@H ~>O. Hx ^=_ i "Oe P
H~K_ . XH_ , O j~x Jx `e#>H P"H q_He=x =H. O~__,
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^=xH _e. Hx ^KH_^. HO ^K_ P~`O~
~H~` x~_`~k. gO K^~` ^=_ Q=x< L~>_. (283)
=H L# =~ ^=x^. gO g$^ L# ^x
|O` ~ K< , ^z< Z> iu # ^x Qi~z ^=_ g#~_ H
fH~>_. P`O` P# `# `z# q^~ Q H~^ix Hq _ . =i
H~^ix tH _ . ^=_ uh K Q =O_ , O H= ~`_. (284)
^= =H `# = #~_ `# J=`i~z# k=Q~^x q~K_.
JQ q H_. O~` ^=_, P# ^`#, P# Q~^#,
P# =H
# q < O. i J~>O:
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=. (285)
^=_ U =x+ H_ J`x HH q~z# O~ "_. u=H
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= O @ >~ KHH. ==e Hq ~K, HxHi~K. h" =qq,
~OHH _q. JqH =uOH~ Q =H ~ K. (286)
56. =_ Z~> iu << x+^" (O~). z=iH `H@Q ># ==
^O [#~ ~^_~ H_ x+^" . L^O}H- Z=O< W `H@ > JC
fH~> O}^` P W~>H =K J^ Hx u~> =_ u#> J=`~k. J` `H@
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D J^x ''Pe W=< (W=< H@~|~) J~>O. W~^

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P `Q ^_K ^x J}z"O. z=iH O ~k KHx ^x HO~
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Je- -g. J (=`" J# PO^ ^= ~). P# `
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$+H P^O `_. (1,2)
P< h `i`# D Q~^x J=`i~*_. Wk Q`
Q~^# ^$ gHi~k. nxH O~ =#oH <O~ K~^H =z#
`O`, Wh Q~^# H_ P< J=`i~* _. P `O ` P#
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Hx U== ^=xH H#OH~_ =OQQ^. P< ()QO
g OOYe `# `z# q^~ Q O~k~K_. JO H ~ #_,
J^` q"K< O _# P q ` (gH) =O PO^ _ _ . (36)
(=H!) P< h ($^
H~) D Q~^x J=`i~ *# _.
W~^ O~_OH H
<. XH>, (U=`~ ~kQxH PO~ x)
+" # H
. Wq Q~^xH =`$H =~>q. (J~> Q~^ O~).
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J+"# H "~> _`O. >H xx JO Pk~K_xH
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a#~Q q+ i*#~ ` A
# O ''"= g>x #=`<=.
W=h = = #~_ =z#" Jx J~>O. x*xH U q+ ~ ^O<<
|k=~` Q}O~ <O H~>O. (7)
(i "_H~>O:) ''! h= =H (XHi) <O~ K#
`O ` uiy = $^ e =H=O~ " x=H. h xk #~_ =H
HO}~ k~K. h" Q (HO}) ^`=. ! XH OA h=
=#=~^s =" OK
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`x uO i~KiH (POA) ^=x =H~ i ~`#~, i
~^ Z~`=`~ LQ_=. O #OHyH q^ `O.
O hH, iH O~ Q` ` uOOH Z~> Qu >~ ^ giH
H_ J^ Qu _~k. O = H#, K## uOi~KO.
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J`~` Hi# ~Q tH~ K_. (10-11)
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~. (12)
O O~ `_# O~_ =O Q}O~ Qi z gH Wk=OH
(|^ ^~ ) QKi~K. J~^ XH=O~ ^= =O~ O_ik.
O~_=O~ `uOOk. KO `= H~ P ^$x KO.1
1. |^ ^~ ` xH "=~k L~>, =~ ^ 313 =~k
=`" L<O. ` xH~^iH i_ < L<. =~ ^ H
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JC_ Jq =O~ q =OxH O>~ ~Y L~^x O

Q~KO. ^=_ `# `KH#ix `# HO ^O
|`~ K_ . H #iH D ~ @# Q Q}O~ L~k. (13)

, ~`#~, "~_ |~Q~O O, "*u QO, ~^,

^= (=Q~) ""== =#=H =<O"#qQ
K |_ Hx W^~` WH~ =< =K@Q W=|_# r=#
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iH KC: ''g>H~> Z~` +"# ==q> gH K<?

H
Hi H~ (K>
) O =~K O= < ^~ Q
L<. JH_ O ` rq`~ Q_ `O. Q iHH _ D_-*_,
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Q~ = =`~k. ^=_ `# ^ "Y ix F H~@ Q=x< _. (15)
O Dq^~Q "_H~>O: ''! "= (x#, h =H#)
q~K~. = `C =x~K. ==e #OHy #~_ OH~K. gO
#jO, O z
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Ou z=i _ ^=_ H= aH "_ H<O. (16-17)
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O H= ~`_, =q"H J# P# ` =O^=_ _x ^= ^`,
hu=~`# *#~# H_ H q< O. (18)
^=x ^QO (P"k`) ^O ~ W~ =`" .3 Hx Q~^ [ `=H
*#~^ a~z#>H, OO~ q^ _ =~H`#~` W~>
KbKx P^` O} O~Q~H kQ= =z~k. ` xH H~_ uiy#
|_ HQ, =~ ^ ^i^~ = #H#H_ H_`, |HzH#
sO` L<O. ` xH `= xH~ Y#, P^ Hx KHx qOgQ`,
~Hi, D ", O q, _` K` @ _~KH~@,
fHO~` L_H ` O~Q~H kQO. =~ ^ ^O ~< H ~`, ^=x
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# uO i~z#ix
^=_ `O< xn H fH~>_. (19)
(==^!) gOQ#H h` ^#H ky` ''<#, < J#KO ^=xH
q^
=. Jx +~ Q KC . Q~^ [#, xOHO # ''=i
gO H_ W~ Hi~z (^=xH) q^
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W~ Hi `H~_ <O~ ~^`O. (D=@) J~wHi~KH`
(h), ^= ~^~ J~^*
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Q=x< L
<_. P< `#^ `^ i ==O~ KH~>_. (20)
H~^O ^=x P[e kH i~K_" QH, P# =H
#, hu <e
Qi~z =>_ ix H_ J<~Q K~`<O. J~> ^OO
H
^HO" # #OHt H L~^x O qx~K! O ~ K~, O
H~
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i Qu U==`~^! P OA u =x+H J`x ~^#H `y# u
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O H`=. JQ h= Hi# q^~ Q H~^iH QO=u+
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r==~#^x, r==~# ^#~_ xs==~#^x "eHf=. h"
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k~z# ^O ~ H_ W~ ^O ". n< <O~ , ~u=O~ , ^= q^
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qO! gO `>qe H^x (W~H |^q O^ # ) Jq

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J~^ `C ^ . ^=_ q=e `## Qi~z
_< _. z=iH
gO~` P# xkH =Oe ==~k. (28)
(=H! i`) W J#: ''gO U q+ "< O g J~`O~ Q
^KH<, H |>H e|z< ^=_ ^x ` H~_ `H~>_.
=Hx =~ Uk ZH_~^ J~` P#H `. P# H

q+ JkHO~ Hey# JO H ~ #_. (29)

u =x+ `# KH# } (e`)# `H~Q `#
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Q~_! Jx q_. ^=_ `## Qi~z q=e _<_.
P# `# ^ q+ ~ Jq` ^ =_. (30)
iH KC : ''gO x[~Q ^=_ Ja=x~ > ## J#i~K~_
^=_ q=e Ja=x_ g Hq _ . ^=_ Z~` Hq ~K
_, HO }~K_. KC : ''^=x P[e, =H `=e >~K~_. g>x
uO i QO~ KH~_, ` uOOe ^=_ Z#>H q~K_ . (31,32)
4
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W=< H@~x (^= ^`~ H~) ` H~Q Z#H<_. i H~^O
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t=# ^O~Q L~K`#. <#~_ nx Hi~K. h" (J~^i "O)
PH~K_= Jh Ziy#_= Jx J#k. (35)
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JOa J~`> ~K K# Hx~K_~ ` #*< #~_ 60 =~k H = =`
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K_. (H<H) [Hi# P"H ~OHH xQ xq~K_. [Hi
P" O# QkH "t ~z#C_ JH_ PO^ O ` H" L~_q.
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(PO~Q K) . ^xH" ''^=x ^QO ~z =~k. P# `# `K
H#iH W`kH~ Q PO~ k_ Jx =^# qz~k. (37)
JC_ [Hi `# =# "_ H~@ '' ! h xk #~_ <H
L`= ~`#~ k~K. h" (<) "OH~K_q J<_. J`#
O#Qk x|_ O# K~_Q< ^=^` =z J`_ eKO:
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<H` H}
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J=`_ [# iQ}~ K|_`_ Jx KO O. (38-39)
JC_ [Hi '' ! <H _ Z __ ? <# =e}
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^=_ `# `z# x K fO`_ Jx =^#~ =z~k. (40)
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P `O ` ^= ^` =O~` ''=O~! ^=_ x# (F =Y"#
x H~) Z#H<_. x# i^ i K_. =`~K = hH
J`kH ^#qz `# = H~ xq~K_. H#H =O~! hqH h
=H q^
Oe=~ L~_. P# xk ~Q_ ` L~_.
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=H! W^~` "= hH kq+$u (=) ^O J~^* # O
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~OHH _Q Z=O L~_< q+ x xO
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H qi#C_, i =^ q^~ KOy#C_ h=H_ =. (44)
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## U O+_ `H<< `H^ ! ! J#k. ''JQ Wk [iy fO`~k.
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'J J~> K, Px [iy`~k. ^=_ J`xH Q~^* <x, q"Hx,
`O`, Wh Q~^ *<x H_ <O `_ J<O ^= ^`. (47-48)
^=_ J`_ `# =HQ xq~z W ~`u [ ^QO H
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L~K`O J~` gH `e*#. gO q~KO` g> g H~
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q < O. h ~^ O_ J#i~K_xH_ "= ^~ Q L<O.
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`x uO i~z#O (D# K~_xH) XH H <O. ^=_
=OH <_. ^=_ J~^iH< Q H O _. (54)
JC_ ^=_ (D`) W J<_: ''D! <xC_ x# < ^Qi H
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OH~# Hi#~Q tH#. WH O Z~> O ~^O.
`Q <@ H_ H#=_~ J< ^x L=#~Q fHx Kx=_~ J<
JO~ _`=. J~`Qx aH JO~ H# =_~ J~> Kx=_~ H^.
JQ =`= q+ ~ H_ WH_ ^x aH =" fH=_~ [iy~k. JO>
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(=< J+ Je ^#q)
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==^ +)
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(=< J| P =^k)
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J| Je)
D J#"^H =< J+ Je ^#q ` U XHO '`= J< ^x
=O}~ Jx J#=k~K^ . J~` Jk W~ =eH qxH =u~HO Q#H P#
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87

q~z `O K# iH iu
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^=_ Z#>H q~K_ . (55-57)
"= g=~^ i # D H
J<H K#, (H `i~K)
=# L<. ^=x ^$+ D [# P^~ [# ~>^. ^=_
P^ # =>` $l~z 'J Jx P^t~KQ< J`# O~k LxHH
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` ~. H#H h= ~H~Ki KOH . (58-60)
"=~ Qi~z# *#~ h ^QiH =z# `O` H_ h` Z=O<
^#H ky` iH KC : ''O~_ (=}~ K^~), "= = Oe
~. gO H_ g Oe KH~_. P `O ` =#=~^O~
H, J` ~ eH i ^=x Ja~ (PQ ~ qOKH) _ QH Jx
i^~.6 (61)
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J~wHi~KH ` (h), huxi ~Qu ^=xH Q `. (62-63)
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H_^ . P#H > He~KH _^ . =# Z=O J # ` W`O e
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=~ ~ (J H q^
~). nxH gO H Jx iH KC . (64)
Q~^[O! gO W~ q+~ Z~^H kO? `O`,
Wh Q~^ P# "o `O ` J=`i~K H^! gH =`~ *#~
^? gH `e# q+ # Qi~z Z@ gO k< L<O. WH
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(= ~ Uq>) ^=xH =`" `, gH `e^. (65-66)
W~ ^_ H^, H=_ H^. J`# J~^s =^e XH
^=xH =`" J~H`" # OA=O# _. |^ O^H _ H^.
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88

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Y~P< "=$`O

L~k. J~> D=HH , (W`_ ) q~z#iH =`" W~` ~|~^~

L~_ H~k. q~z#iH ^=x OH}
, ~ a. (67-68)
(=~ O!) Q~^ [ (J~> ^) H~^O q=e OA
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^i ` ~KO . Hx P ~Qu O Q ~KH `<O. (69)
Q~^[O! gO ^=x H, K## ~Q Qi~z
#>H >x Z~^H xOHi< O? Q~^ [O! gO ``#
HQQ~ K `x Z~^H J#=<^~ K < O? = ~ `e
H_ `x Z~^H ^K`<O? (70-71)
Q~^[ HO^~ OO~ H_|H~@ ''q J=`
i~z# ^x gO L^ ~ q~z(#@ #>~z) ~`xH uO
i~K~_. Dq^~Q ix =#~ =O+ KQ~ Jx KC
H~>O. (72)
J~`H^, ''=# =` e ` =O=ih =#~ #=H_^ Jx H_
O OO~ KCH~>O. (==^!) iH KC: ''=O^OH`=~>
J ^=x =O^ O H` ". J# K^ OA=O~ . Q`~ gH W=
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D q+~ H_ KC: ''#`, QO ^=x Ku< L<.
P# >x `# `z# iH J#Q _ . ^=_ OQ` _, O ~
Ziy#_. P# `# Hi#ix `# HO}~ HOH ` H~KH~>_.
^=_ Q J#Q je. (73-74)
Q~^ [ H~^O x*fO H_ L<O. i ^QO gO
^ OK
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JQ i H~^O "~_ > H_ L<O. i^QO gO #q
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k<# i " H< u H_ K__ . ix i^ i K H
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Q~^~x q+ H=. Oq ^=_ J=`i~ *#=x K|`O.
x*xH Jq ^=_ J=`i~ *# q H=. O = ~ `e H_ ^=x
g^ J|^ "`<O. (78)
^=_ XH =x+H Q~^~ , O*kHO~, ^= ^`~ k~z#C_,
P =H [` gO ^=_ =^e `#H H
Q =O=x J#_~ `Q^ .
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i < O H_. J~^= gO (g) =H qh~# ^Q
O~^~_ Jx J~>_ J`#. (79)
J~`HH~_ gO ^= ^`#, ^= =H
# ^=Q K Hx JOk~
K~_x H_ J`# [` J#_. gOHi =~ # `O ` uiy
JqY
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gH=|_# Q~^x ^$gHi O =O =H = J`_ gO q~z
J`xH ~ K = L~@~k. W J# `~` ''=i nx gO
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Jx J_Q_ ^=_. 8
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(81-82)
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P# ^O xH H@|_ L<. z=iH JO^~ P# ^Qi H K~ H=
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i J=OaOK
u~~ ^=_ <~O Z K`_? g~ Dx ` =H Jx
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=#= p`~O "i _ `Ok. W^ "iH `y# u
O. (86,87)
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. (88-90)
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#~_ H_H=_xH (iO~Q) =~_=~` |~QOqz< Hi~K
|_^ . iH =^i `" # tH _ `~k. WH ix Z=O P^HO . (91)
(qO!) gO Jq`~Q q~K>x `~ (^==O~)
qx y~K#~` =OH gO ^O O} HO .10 gO (^= =O~ )
Uk qx y~z< Jk ^=xH `. (92)
9. q=OH 2:4,136,285 H
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91

`O` Q~^~ J=`O}

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Hx == e x+k~KH<_. Jq ` (==^ +sJ` ^O =`
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L~_q. ix W J_Q: ''gO x*fO ` `O` fHz J~^
U^< q+ x (P^O~Q) K~_. (93)
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`e~k.) P `O` H_ Z=~~< J|^O He~z ^x ^=xH
Pk~z#@` O J ^OO
. (94)
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z`
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H=H K~k#_ H^. (95)
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a~. JH_H KO HQeQ O ^x qkQ ~^i~Ke.
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^= =O~ #_=hH~_ Z~^H P@~H $+ < O? O <O~
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g KO e Q=x< L<_. (98-99)
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=>=>H Kkq
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O? J (Q~^~ )# Q>Q @H <
(J~> #=H<) O ` H~_ <O~ L~>O (100-101)
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KxH~_. (102)

92

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`= H_ =xy`O. (|Mi)
g Z=~~< =[~ U^~< K_ x K#C_ ^x J`# K`
(| Q~`) xOk, ^=x ^QO [|^s ^ ` #~_ ` ~KH~>_. J~`>
H x_ P K_ H =uOH~ Q Q~ q JiH>~ ^H u J`# H_ P
^ ` #~_ ` ~KH~>_. K_ H =uOH~ Q Q~ q xOk~K H H_ x_
Hh~ =#<< P K_ q+ x ^+ J`# H_ [|^s ^ ` #~_
` ~KH~>_. D (z=i) "Y
i Jx>H~ > J` q~ (D=<) H~kH
=~ k. (x) (W`O q=OH 3:110 HH O# ^ zH K_~_.)

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95

qO! WH#~_ ~K =#=H =O^O#~ K ix

~ i~K_xH O~Q~H fHO|_# + = [~13 gO. gO =~z
13. YOP< [ ^= cu, O
Hz~`# [x~* `^O ix hu=~`
Q, `OQ fik^Q O`~k. J~^q , ^OKO` H~x qq^
K_ e xOe~z POQ=~`" # =*x <H^z~k. D H ~ H~ YOP<
=~ =~zx~K, K_ # `~K x xO~ ^~ K~ k. nx H~ =~
XH =O~ ==H $ ` ~ ~Q UO_e# P=H` L~^x <H K|`~k.
D P ~, J=O ^$< ^= =H (~ ) H~, P `O ` ^ O#
# Yb H~ =~ ^O ~# H~ `= O x ^O H$+ KO.
=[~ U Hk K_ Hx~z< O ~`~Q x^O H^. [ ^= cu
Hey ix ^OH ^O~Q L~K_xH u~KO. `` e `~Q P<_
=[~ O ` hu, <~, j~, ``
"eq i. H O }`,
^ `=~, O O QOa=< Z_
_
qi ~K.
J^H O
Q~. =" `O "^= `~ Hi~ z# H~uQ~. Hx P
Q~ J~`i~z~k. P H~u H#=OQ ~k. D<_ ~ K~ Z@ K<
JOKH" QKi~k. Jqhu, J<~. Jj~, J`KO O =#" .
[ =HQ ` rq`<Q H i =H rq` H_ D K_ KO. z=iH
O[H ==O, K@
`~ qq^ K_ ` ^O~ ^ += .
J~`H~ > qKOHO " # q+ ~- ^O ~< ^ ` xO~K=# =~
=[~ H_ D K_ HOH~k. W~> iu ^iH, =lH $
Hey# =~ K_ # `~K, =~zx ~K ^ ` =i~` JkH= ~k. D xx
Q#Q xO~KH ` =[ `<xH ^=x =H~ ^ # ^ "O J=`O.
(2:142 H, ^x ^ zH H_ K_~_.)
=h ==^ (~ ) D q+ x F `O}~ ^O W q=i~KO:
''^=_, XH Tix P Ti[` ` H~^ K =x lc (J )x
P*~ K_. [` lc (J ) P Tix K=z ' ! JH_ XH H}
~ H_
hH Jq^
` Kx h ^_ H_ XH_ <_ H^ (<<
P Tix tH~ K#)?
Jx J<~. 'Hx < ^O ~ JQO=~, JKOH QO=`~> J`x =Y~ U<_
(PQ ~` H
<) *=i~K^ . H#H W`O ` @ J`_ H_ He "`~
Tix ` H~^ K Jx ^=_ =m P^t~K_. (q`)
=*=~` + >
#C_, ^x ~i~K `~ K H~_ =H
Q` `O = Z~> [#~ ^x D n q=i~k. J~`H^, J~>
+ = [~ qOKH_ ^= tH #~_ =HQ ` `O` `$ _ =~ H_
` ~KHOx Wk @~ K~k. (7:164-165, 8:25 H
H_ K_~_.)
<u H~Q `# ~ K~k# =[~ =x+ =HQ ` `O H_ Z~`H~
O~Q L~__. K@ OqO~ K K_Q H"} J`_ H_ `=

96

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W=_H~>. U"# >H ^=_ =#= #~_ i =HQ ` ^KO}

# =`"
HO_~ ^ . P# HO`# J q+ ~- ~ ~O}H xO~`O H$+, ^O ~
#H Z_`Q x O@~. W K # C_ =~ =[~ + = [~ J#|_`~k.
^= =H (~ ) ~ ~O} =Y~ `` eH# H K_~_:
''< }~ U H Ox Jn#~ L~^ P ^=x H! gO ([#)
`O K =x J^t~K, ^O #~z i~K #~< K e. ^ ^=_
g tH# < k~K`_. JC_ gO Z~` "O@H < P# g "O
PH~K_ . (q`)
''U *u K_ |` P *u L~_ ~O}=O ~ HO
^x ~i~KH ` ^=_ P *u [~^i U^< tH k~K =~ P#
=~^x "O `He. (q`)
D O~_ n =[ ~O} P=H`# =i~` <H K|`<.
=[ ~O} ^O ~< ^ `x Q" . J~^= =~ =[~
|e `# K_ e K K` =_KHx HO=_xH g^ .
^==H UH^O^# x<^q "@"^@ O~a~z# HO~ W^.
=*x > _~ K =Y# K_ H =uOH~ Q O L^=~ =n P K_ e
J=~a~K, ~* ix f=~Q q=i~KO. O~ ` *u *u
~O ~, ^i^_
=~> OQ` L~_q. ^= =H [` ` (J ) >H
=uOH~ Q D q^~ Q Q~ qC`O:
''gO~> Jj K+
H _`<O! gH O~ H~ Z=O K #
@=~> Q = e# x K < O!! gO HO# fOH=_xH
# =^e O+
"~@_O? (Z~` Q K
@
!) gO
iQ ^g i O. (YOP<-7:80,81)
''gO~` Q = e# xH _`<O! gH O~ H~ Z=O W~>
x K ^! ! gO (
# =^e) O+ "~@_O? ^i^_
H_ K < O.
x~_
`~ (Q q _z D) _x K < Oq>? (YOP<- 29:28,29)
=^< *u[H i ^= =H [` +S (J ) W L^t ~KO:
''gO `xH, H` iQ >~K~_. [H O=# O H `y~ z
W=H~_. ^O} ~f =O UO_# `~"` J#=O~Q JOKH~, J
H $+~ KH~ _. (YOP<- 7:85)
''`xH, H` <~ >~K~_. Z=iH #+~ HQ*
H~_. O# `
` `z=~_. [H O=# O H `y~ z W=H~_. ^O }

JO , J[_
O ` uOQH ~ _. (YOP<- 26:181-183)
=^ *u[H i ^= =H e (J ) W L^t ~KO:
''gO H~_# `z |_ H~ ^ ^ H@_ xi< O! H ^=xH

_~ _, <H q^
` K~_. ^g i ^O }

Z~> ~O} K H~_,

Y~P< "=$`O

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97

# K =x [# P^tO . K_ #O_ iO . ^=_ Q_~ Q

qO . Q~^ [ (H_) q~zL~> iH~` " [iQk. i
q~z#O H_ H~^O <O. Hx K=~k Jq^
<O. (110)
"O q=e H~K~ k~K_~ ` ^Q x Hey~KO . OH
" g` O_< (g^>H x=H) #E i`O. iH ~
H_ a~K^ , ^=x O}
< =#= OH}
< P ~ a ` .
OH _< J==#~, Ju+
ix "#~> L~>. O ^ Q ~
zHH<O. ix ^OQ ~ "~>_`~k. nxHO}~ O ^=x He ,
P# ==e xOHi =KO. P# ~# =H
# J<~Q
`=i "O. JnQH "O = `aO` ^=xH Jq^
^
giO. (111-112)
J` Q~^ [~` J~>O H^. i <OQ = H_
L<O. O Ou ^=x H i P# =~^ ~Q
_`O. ^=_, OHx qO. [H =~zx kO. K_
#~_ iO . `O K _~ O O~ >_ ` O. W~>~
[# . (113,114)
"O U `O~ K< ^x qi~K_~ [OQ^. ^=xH HO
} Z=O Q `. ^=x =u~HOQ JqH (O
H~)
i ~`#~, i~^
U=`~ xHO=. "O #OH . J~^<
O (<<`# J#q ) ZH~ _L
~>O. (115-116)
O SHrq`~ K ^#=~ =OK` _# f=# Qe
=~>k. Jk P`^~ K H#i ~@ gz O <#~ K ~ k.
^=_ iH J<~ K_~ ^. O `=H`" J<~
KH~@<O. (117)
qO! g ix ` W`O e P~`O~ wHQ K HH~_. O
gH x `@_~ Z~> J=Hh *Oq_KHO. U q^O Q#~<
J[_ OHu uiQiH q^
` KH~ _. (YOP<- 26:149-152)
''^=x H H# qi~KH~_. ~K~ JOKH~, JH
$+~ KH~ _. (YOP<- 7:74)
P^ *u[H i ^= =H [` ^ (J ) W L^t ~KO:
''gO Z`
# u K> xH=e# OH = <x xi< Oq>? WH_
`~Q L~_#@ gO ^ ^ "_ H_ < O. gO Z=i<< @H ~> i
@ K HO~Q =iO . (YOP<- 26:128-130)

98

(3. PeW=<)

Y~P< "=$`O

q=e k~K< O HKHx LO\O. i =@ O~ ZC_

|@_~ k. WH i $^ #` J~`H< Z<O@ ^+~ x~_
L~k. gO q"K<O~` q+x Q~K~_ "= = He
+~ Q q_=Oz K|`<=. (118)
gO ix qO Qx, iH gO~> U=`~ Ja=#~ ^ . gO
(^= )Q~^h qO . (Hx O gQ~^x q~KO .) O q=e
H #C_ ''"= H_ (gQ~^x, g=H# ) q < ~ J~>O.
J` g ^QO ~_ oQ< g g^ ~KH# H` O @@
#O`O. (^OQ O!) gO ~KH# H
< =_ K=~_. ^=xH
g J~`O~ Q ^y=# u q+ = `. (119)
gH^< " [iy` O qq_ `O. H_ [iy` =`~ `Q
~|O_ `O. U"# >H gO #~ =~z ^=x @
H
`
=H~>, g g^ i @, HH
g xK =. i K+
h
^=xH Q `.(120)
(==^! FOA) h= L^ ~ W~> #~_ |^i qe
H. ^=_
^xH =` OK
_ ~ O~a~K=.14 P ~^O ~ QOK
=~ q~>_, P# O~ Ziy#_. JC_ g O~_ =O
^O ~ H (^~ O QO #Oz) ^^ iE. Hx ^=_ ix
P^ H<_. J ^=_ i OHH_, H_. H#H q
ZC _ P< #=Hx L~_e. (121-122)
^=_ q=e |^ ^~ H_ P^H<_. JC_ H_ gH
~# P^, i_ =#O =. (J< gH "= q[~
kOK=.) J~^= g~ ^=xH _~_ P#H H$`A~
L~_~_. (123)
14. Wk L^ ^xH ~|~k~z# ~@#. =H YO+ |^
^~ F_#~^# uHOK ` WC_ =n< ^_K
_xH 3000 #~`
=KO. =~ "=~k #~` |^OQ i 300 =~k H@
q
"Q *OH<O. qye# 700 =~k =~ H, =H YO+
H =n< #~z
^^ <Q " ^O~ L# L^ HO_ ^QO ^~ [iy~k.
D ^~ "^@ =~ H q[~ a~z<, ^= =H (~ ) XH HH
#~ x># qH~_ `= F_ i`~_@~ K, P#~ =^e
=~` H~}
=xyO. `= nx Q=x~z HO_ "#H " #~z
uiQz "O^_ KO. =~ H K #+~ [iy~k. J` P `O ` "~@<
~o~KHx Z^O^_ K _~ = J~u=q[~ =~ < =i~z~k.

Y~P< "=$`O

(3. PeW=<)

99

h= q ^O ~ Hey~K_xH i` J# =@ *H ~ `K H.
JC_ h= ''(=#) = =_"=~k ^= ^`e k~z =#e P^H
=_~ K^ gH?J<=. gO Q#H #~ =~z ^=x @
H
` =H~>, `= g "O^_ K# C_ P# gH ` H
zQ S^"=~k ^`e ~ ` H~_ P^H~>_.15 gH ^O ~
=z g =# H^@_~^H ^=_ K_. x*xH U <
^=x#~_ a ~ k. P# O H= ~`_, Z~` q"K< O _. Jq
XH =Ox `_z> L^ ~` ^ i K= }z O[~, O
` i K _xH P# gH ~ K_. (124-127)
(=H!) ^=_ ix Hq ~K<< Hq _ . ^ ^OO
# ~^# ix
tH~ K<< tH _ . D ==~~ xO
~ fH=_xH hH~> JkHO~
^. =H L# =~ ^=x^. P# `#`z# q^~Q
H~^i Hq_, H~^i tH_ H_. P# Q H=je, JO
H$j_. (128-129)
qO! O~_~`, <e~` iQ D =_x u#_~ WH<< =#
_~ _, g rq` OH = =`. ` uOO
H~_.16 ^=xH
H~ ^~ K |_# #OHy #~_ ` ~KH~_. ^=xH, P# =HH
q^ L~_~_, gO HO}~K|_`O. g = H=aH "
O Q `~ _. JQ =H~` q"# O = " H_ O Q`~ _.
Jk
H
Hi H~ ^~ K |_ L~k. (130-133)
O Heq#, q# `= ~^# (^==O~) YO
_`O. H^H kQq~Q`O.17 W`O `C HqO. W~>
15. ^=_ |^ ^~ ^=^`# ~ =~H ~ K_. P
=~ =n< |^ O^H H~^O |^ H~_ g^ x|_ ^~ fO#
K_QO. i H^# ~ HO~ ^~ [OQ`#C_ i #~_ XH =|`#H
Q~ He ~, y@ KC ` i=# ^" ^ #~ " ^H~k. J~^
#~_ ''`~^OQ =~^H Q~_ J< F H~O O~ H_ iH qx~z~k. D qz`
^ # qx O c`=O. (8:9,10 H
K_~_.)
16. q=OH 2:275-281, 30:38-39 H
K_~_.
17. H^H# Qi~z ^= =H (~ ) W =z~KO:
''= ^~ `# ` ix z` K_ x["# OH=e H^. PQ ~
Hey#C_ xQ ~KH<_ J# OH=e. (|Mi, J^)
''H~ +`< O} = [x~ k. +`< xC` $l~K|__ . xC h>`
KO `~k. H#H gO H~ =z#C_ "~@< LE K ~_. (J|^=^)

100

(3. PeW=<)

Y~P< "=$`O

^O#< ^=_ q_. JnQH ^=_ ` =~=~

HqOK"~ ~ Q#H `= = U^~< hu=e# x Qx, ^
=O^~ < HO~ Qx [iy` "~@< O ^=_ i~z H= }
KC H~>O. J~`Qx, `= K# ^x =~H@ @O . J~>iH
u
~Q i = #~_ =x~` @ O =~K O
=< a. JH_ "O HH~ (Q) L~>O. =~z #H
Z~` =~z u
~ a ~ k! (134-136)
gH O~H_ J<H i}= ~q ~K <<Q KOQ
uiyK_~_, uO i~z#iH U~ Qu >~ ^! Wk (YOP<) [H F
|O~Q H@
#
H
HiH `kx, =~^ i x. (137,138)
(qO!) ^ _ H ~ _. J^O ~` H~yH~_. gO x["# q
~` z=iH gO q[~ kO. (`` =O~) gOH^,
O H_ gQ ^|u<O. (J~`=`xH ^O ~ H=_=!)
W=h "= [ =^ u H q@ =`". P#
g x[=~# q=O sH~K_xH, H~^ix `xH H
(J=OQ`)Q K_xH D q^OQ K_. ^=_ ^OOe Z#>H
q~K_ . P# W~> sH ^O x[=~# q Z=O Ui",
Jqe J}z " ^eK_. (139-141)
gO W> O~ "t=#H~@<O? g ^==O~
O_ix ^=_ W~H iQ sH~ K< ^ . O U"OH #~ =~z
^ ^~ O ~ Q L~>O P# K_^e K_.18Wk=OH (^= =O~
O_) =O}~ K J=H~ OH=~^ g~ ^x HO`~_O. WC_k
g=~^H =z~k. gO ^x HO KH<O H_. (H#H gO
}H `y~z O_eQx, ^O ~ H _
_ H_^ .)- (142-143)
==^ XH ^= =H =`" . W`xH O~ H_ J<H= ~k ^=
=H
=zO. =i W`xC_ Kx` H K~|_` gO (^O ^~
#~_) "#kiy`O?19QO~KH~_, J "#kiy_ ^=xH
''x|_ L#C_ H~ = `H}
" HOe. ^x= H~ Ki` i
H ` _ He. (q`)
''gO W`O ^ E~_ ^=_ g ^ E`_. gO W`O `C
Hq ~K~_ ^=_ g `C Hq _ . (=^ J^)
18. q=OH 2: 155, 29: 1-3 H
, > ^ zH K_~_.
19. L^ ^~ ^==H (~) H`Q`#C_ P# K~|_Ox

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101

Z~> #+~ He~ K_ . ^=_ `#H H$`[` KiH `y# |=#~

W_ . (144)
^=x J#[ x^ xs` =xH =~^ U }H K=O^. u
}H =O}H~ |_ L~k. H=~ ~zH u
H` xK
iH "= ~ K~< i u
~ Wz"=. O
H u
H`
xKiH O
H~ iH O=# u
~ J#Q =. H$`A

L~_iH "= ` H~_ `y# |=#~ k=. (145)
W~`H O~ Z~`=~k ^= =H
Qu~KO. i` H ^= H

}_ O_O. JC_ ^= =O~ Z^O# H= O ^O ~ H
^ . iHKO H _ J^O xH `=~K# ^ . J~> ~ z
`
<
^=_ q_ . Q O (^ x g_H ~_) '' ! = `C =x~K.
h =O~ ""^< ^g i L~> ^x H_ Hq ~K. = HH O ` ~
KH i Jq =H q[~ k~KJx "_ H<O. H#H ^=_
iH ~ K~ `y#u
O WK_ O
H~ J~`H~ > Z~` +" #
u
~ k_ . J~> ^ O#< ^=_ Ja=x_ . (146-148)
qO! gO Q#H Jq K =@ q~> O q=e
uiy Jq~ " fH O . JC_ gO O~Q #+ `O. (O g
a+ H^.) ^=_ g a+, H_. P< J~^iH<
Q H_. `O< "= `uOO $^ g@

``~ Hey=. ^=_ Z~> =}~ ~H <, O#H

(^= `~) > He~KO. H#H i J~u= x~ #OH= =`~k. Jk
^OO
H~ ` O L# O= K_ x~. (149151)
^=_ gH K# ( ) Q<x <O" O _. O~~ gO ^=x
P[` Jqe =k ~ _O. Hx P `~ "` gO HOH#^x (=~
`# ) ^=_ KQ< gO ^O ~ HO. (=H Wz#) P[ q+ ~
gO OO~ q^H # Jq^` KO. g H~^O
~zH ~^# Pt~KO. =iH~^O OH u~ HOH<O.
JC_ ^=_ q=e sH~ K_xH `= #~_ g ^$+x ("O " #H)
=Oe i K_. J` gO i#>H ^=_ q=e
Hq ~K_. P# q e@ J`~` ^ =_. (152)
=^~u >~ k. Wk qx K=~k =~ ^O ~ H _
_ O. H~^O
J~` ^~ K _" =<O. =O" H@
=i~` H~Qn =@`
=~# W~ #~_ =Oe~K_xH u~KO. P ~^O~Q D H
J=`i~K.

102

(3. PeW=<)

Y~P< "=$`O

(L^ ~|~k~z#) =O ~ @# QOH `K H~_. JC_ gO

"#kiy K_#~< K_H ~_ iQO. "#H ^= =H q=e
< gO qx~KH< u H O. D"Y iH Q ^=_ gH
>_ ^Y~ Hey~K_. q +`
g#~_ U^< == K*i<
H =O^< P^ =z_< gO z~u~KH ~_ L~_~^H W ^=_
gHH Q}O~ <O_. gO K #h ^=xH Q `. (153)
D ^, ^Y~ `~` ^=_ g H~^i ~ux J=`i~* _.
`` e `~Q O XH q^" # H#H@H #O.
J` [< Pt~_#O ^=x q+~ J*#~`
H_# J#=#~` ''D q+ ~ =Hg JkHO~ ^? Jx J_QO.
''Jx q+# ^=_ OkHi Jx KC. O Hx q+ h
=~^ "e|KH~_ =#< ^KH<O. Q ''=H Q#H JkHO~
L~> "qH_H =z =k~K|_O~ H^ J~>O. K= g <@ O
L~>, gO gW~_
L< O gg =^
H ` H~_ `Oe =O .
g J~`O~ Q ^y=#^x sH~ z ^x H>x H_y " < ^=_
K_. J~`O~ Q u J~^iH< P#H Q `. (154)
g H~^O (L^ ^~ ) `=e Z^O<@C_ "#E
iO. ix Hx |#` HO}~Q< +`< i =<

Ox ^|f i K_. J#>H ^=_ ix Hq ~K_.

^=_ Q H= je, J`~` L^O_. (155)
qO! gO Jq =kiQ =>_H~_. i (=~)
|~^q` ZC_< }=<, ^O~Q~< L~_ U^<
=^xH QO`, ''O `=`@ L~_#@` Kx=_~Qx, K~
|_@~Qx [iy L~_k H^ Jx J~>O O. O eH# D HH
^=_ ix f= `~ , x$H QiK_ . x*xH r=#O}
^=x Ku< L<. P# g KO e Q=x< L<_. (156)
gOH" ^= =O~ Kx< H K~|_< ^=x #~_ gH
a~K H=aH, HO} O H__# SH ~^H< Z~`
+"#q. gO Kx<, K~|_< (O k<#) ^=x xk
gO~` ` H~_ gHi~K|_`O. (157-158)
(==^!) ^ #Q ~=< h= i q+ ~ Z~` =$^$^
_==. nxH a#~Q h= H+, Hi# $^ _= L~> O~`
hH ^O=O. XH_ h K~`H K~_ H^. H#H h= ix

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(3. PeW=<)

103

Hq ~K. i O@ H~ (^=x) =x~ Ji~K. h= `> #

q+ ~ ix ~k L~_. U^< x Qi~z xO
~ fH#C_
^=x g^ O~ . ^=_ `## #=H#i< q_ . (159)
^=_ ~ K ^e WH UH g PkH ` =~K^ . XH"
P# q=e g =<# =k, P `O` gH Z=O ~ K
QO? H#H x["# q ^=_ #=Hx L~_e. (160)
U ^==H H_ Z~> iu# #=H^xH __.20
#=H ^~ K# _ P #=H^~ ( O~)`
k<# (^=
<#~) [O=`_. JC_ u =HH J`# KH# HO
HO" u
~ W=|_`~k. Z=iH Z~> J<~ [OQ^ . (161)
ZC _ ^=x Jc+~ HO~ #_K H< =H ^ Q xH QO# _
Z =i~KQ
_? ^ Q xH QO# _H #OH" `y# x~. Jk ~=
K_ x~. ^=x ^$+
i^i =^ J<H O@ =`=~k. ^=_
i #e Q=x< L<_. (162-163)
^=_ q~z#i i *uH K~k# XH =H# q~*
iH Q " K_. P =H iH ^=x H
qx i rq`e
fik^`<_. iH Q~^*#~, q"H k<_. Wk=OH O
iQ J=O~ _L
~_O. (164)
WC_ g iu W J~^q>? (^= =O~ ) g H~ ` P^
=z_Q< W^H_~z ^i~z~k J~>~q>? (|^ ^~) g
K` g^Q nxH O~_~` P^ (g ` i =O~ ) qOKH_~ k H^!
(P ~Qu =OzO?) =H! ''DP^ gO K*` Hx`KH#
^#x iH KC . ^=_ uh K Q =O_ , O H= ~`_. (165)
20. L^ ^ =~ ^= =H (~ ) H~^O qH~_# F HH
^ ~ x> `# ^QO ~z uiy L`O O#~`=OH P ^ x =^e> H_
^x P*~ KO. J` ^~ `= i=_~ K =~ ^ O
=^e# ^ `# Hi~KH=_~ O~a~KO. xs` HH^ ~ x
q~K|_# qH~_ H_ XHi^O q# J~^O `=`= < =^e
^ ` Hi~KH=_xH "oO.
^~ =y# `O ` ^= =H (~ ) `# P^t~KH =~^ P ^ x
Z~^H =^e>Ox ix J_QO. O ` ~KH< ^O}
U^ ~*+ WK
H<O. JC_ ^==H (~) ''gH <g^ #=H~ HQ^. <# gH
O=# ^ ` > W=H~_ ^~ K#x gO q~KO Jx J<O.
D ==O~ Qi~K D H J=`i~z~k.

104

(3. PeW=<)

Y~P< "=$`O

(L^) ^~ gH [iy# #+~ ^=x J#[`< [iy~k. g

x["# == =O, H@
== =O sH~ K_xH ^=_ K_.
P H@
` ''O~_, ^= =O~ O_~_. (`)^_x uH> (g#QOx)
H_H~_Jx K #C_ ''^~ ~Qu =H `e~> "= ` H~_
g` K~ ~ J<O. D=@ J~@#C_ O q~H< Jq
xH ZH= KO =Q L<O. O `= $^ x =@ H K|
`<O. O `= $^ ^z#^q> ^=xH Q `. (166-167)
"O (^xH |^OH ~_ W~>) HOx (^= =O~ }
`Q~ K _xH "o#) `= |~^ q`e Qi~z ''O ==@ qx
L~> W =k~K|_ L~_OH^ Jx KO. =H! ix J_Q:
''g Ja~ x[` gH ^i~K =$`=x J_H ~_ K^~. (168)
(^= =O~ =k~K|_# ix) =$`x q~KH~ _. x*xH O
(Kx ^.) ^=x ^$+ |uH L<O. JnQH O `= = ^QO
PO~ H_ ~^`<O. O `=H ^=_ ^ ` k~z# ^x@
Z~` ~`+~Q L<O. J~`H^, `=` KOH ~_ W~H WH~<
L~_# iH_ Z~>
~Qx, qKO~Qx L~_^x `Hx
O xt~`Q L<O. O ^=x HO }H>H @ Z~` P#~k< O.
^=_ q }
x Z#>H =$^K _x iH `. (169-171)
(^~ ) Q_# `O ` H_ K=~k ^=_, P# =H
Wz# #H "~@< ~k~KO. i [# , ^= cuO # i
H~ (^=x ^QO ) Q u
~ L~k. ''g ^_K
_xH Jq
^Z `# < gHi< O, iH
_~ _ Jx [#~ J#C_
O kQ}H$ ` q~` ''=H ^=_ K, P# Q HO^H _
Jx =^#qKO. z=iH O ^=x J#Q ~`, |=<` uiy
=KO. iH Z~> #+~ [OQ
^ . O ^=x Jc+~ HO~ #_K
H<O. ^=_ (W~>iH) JO~Q J#Q ~K_. (172-174)
J +`< `# q`=H# Qi~z [#
> _. *Q`!
gO x["# q` D K q`=HH Z#>H
_H _^ . <H

_e. Jq~ " O Q` i K+

@ h= ^ _ H . O ^=xH
Z~> #+~ HQ*
O . ^=_ iH O
H~ Z~> u
~ W=
^KH^ . iH O # (#OH) `# O> L~k. (175-176)
qxH |^ Jq~ Hx `K H#O ^=xH Z~> #+~
He y~KO . iH~ Ju ^HO" # tH HKHx L~k. H#H "=
Jqe KK_#@ =k<=x, Wk `=H~` =~z^x O

Y~P< "=$`O

(3. PeW=<)

105

q~KH _^ . O =ix K H=_xH "q LH~ z J=H

q< =. z=iH (FOA) O J`~` "# `#H QiH=
L~@~k. (177,178)
^=_ qe ` ~ O# u Z~`H~ L~_x=_. P#
Jq` #~_ q`e ` H~_ "O K_ . J` (=~^ [OQ )
JQKOq + e Qi~z gH `e* _~ ^=x Ja=`~ H^. nxH~
P# `# =H
#~_ `# Hi#ix Z#H~>_. H#H gO ^=_,
P# =He q~K~_. gO `x q~z
H
` #_K H~>
gH Q u
~ a ~ k. (179)
^=_ `# J#Q~` k~z# ~^ q+~ <i`#~
=~KO P < i`#~ `=H KH O~ ^x q~KH _^ . Jk
iH x Hey~ k. O U ^# ~ q+ ~ < i`#~ =< O Jk
O
k<# i "_H Qk|~_Q =O`~k. =` =HH
^=_ O _. gO K # ^~` ^=xH Q `. (180)
''^=_ ^i^_, "" ^x H~ J#i P=@ ^=_ q<_.21
i HOH`e "= (i HOz>) <O. O ^==He
J<~Q `=i# q+ x H_ "= =. "=
k<#
i` ''gO K*` K H# HO H e `~Q WC_H #OH
`#
KqK_~_x J~>O. ^=_ `#^ Z#>H ^O# ~ K _.(181,182)
i J~>O: ''"= U ^= =H# q~K< J`# ==~^
U^< ( =x) |ee. ^x PH~ #~_ Jy* =z He" e.
J~> |e W=#~`=OH U ^= =H# q~K~^x ^=_ =H P*
~K_. ix J_Q: ''<H O~ Z~^O =H
g ^QO H +" #
K#, x^O< `KO. WC_ gO q# x^O< H_
`KO. =i gO hu=~`` ix Z~^H `=OO? (183)
(==^!) O x# uO i (uO i~Kh, ^x= hH, ^ xH
HeQ #+" g ^ .) hH O~ H_ += ~# =}, x^O <,
^^ H, `*= Q~^ f=z< J<H=~k =H
uO i~K|_O . z=iH u =x+ F OA K"e~^. g HO H

k<# i u~ a~k. #OHxH ^O~Q ~xH O|__
x["# H$`O_. SHrq`~, (^x M) => "i`#
"OQ =`" . (184,185)
21. q=OH 5:64 H, ^x ^ zH K_~_.

106

(3. PeW=<)

Y~P< "=$`O

==O! (q+`) gO ^#} q+~ J<H Hi#

sH
H QiH"e =~ k. JnQH gO Q~^ [ #~_, |^ O^H
#~_ H_ =# <~K =@ J<H~ q#= =~ k. H#H J~>
u gO #~ =~z, H` H_# rq`~ Q_` ^O
=O~ O ~ Q L~_e.22 x[~Q Wk Z~` `" # HO~. (186)
Q~^ [H QO K: ''gH k~K|_# Q~^~ x q+
^KH ~_ (^`^~ Q) [H k~Ke Jx ^=_ iK` =}~
K~K_. Hx P`~` O ^x J@HHH ~KO.23 Ju =xH
Jq"O. W O JuhK"# ~^#H _O. O `=
xOH KHx =i`<O. `= Kx # Qi~z
`# ` ~KH~>Ox
~ ~^QO`<O.24 J~>O #OH
q~KH . O ` H~_ ^OO " # #OH
`# KqKO . (187,188)
^=_ =H =*xH Jku. P# uh KQ
=O_ , O H= ~`_. =H xO}~, Ou~|= KH= }~
z~KiH Z< x^O <<. P K<O xx, HOx,
_ Hx- U u L<O ZC _ ^=_ i L~>O. J~`HH~_
"O =H xO}~ Qi~z ije W iO :
22. q=OH 2:155-157, 29:3 H
, > ^ zH K_~_.
23. `~` ^# [ JO^*
x ^=_ ^ K` K~Oz#
=}O QiOz a ` x|O^# x kf^ H O_O +O Q LOk. L^:
''"+ D ^~ = # " " x|O^# =O^= # " [#
g# Wb ^
O^iHx ^x#yOz "i` W@<# u _=
O=`~O`=#, J#Q xqO|_# Q_ = O=`~=# h ^=_# "
U~~K H#
=O^ WbO^~ P# xkx H#|_ ~ O_Q#
P^iOK#_ WbO^i ^@ D ^~ = # H\
O z "iH qxO
=#. g^=_# "
_ D ^~ "H= x\x J#iOz #_K
H##@ ~+q
q
q h ~=## ~^ q "\x qx <~
H#@H JO^ix QK =#. (31:913). D<_ =O _ K=Ok
Y~P< ^# e W`~ JO^* x =< ^x J@HHHOK~.
24. ^= =H (~ ) ^xH |^i#C_ H@
q (W`O =~
` @) " O H^. O =H P[ L~ ~z W~_
< L~_O.
(Q `"^ #HO~ "Q ># @) ^x `Q ~|O_ O. J` ^=
=H (~ ) ^~ #~_ uiy OQ< =}~ K =s OHO H H KO.
O `=, <O" O x ## Qi~z ~ ~^x HOH<O. i "Y i<
Z~_Q_ D H J=`i~z~k. (|Mi, =~ )

Y~P< "=$`O

(3. PeW=<)

107

'' ! h= D qx x+[#~Q, H O `~Q $l~K^ . h=

~= q`_=. ==e #OH
`# #~_ H_. h= Z=i<` #~HO
_" " J`_ ~" # J==xH QiK# >. JO\ ^~~
Z=~
_~. ! "= q~ " eKx q<O. g
=x q~K~_x P# ==e J_Q< "= x# q~K=.
H#H ! = `C Hq ~K. = L# K_ e = #~_ `y~K.
=H }` =O}~~> =~z =O}~ Hey~K.25 ! h= h
=H
^O Q#~ K# >x =H k~K. h= Z\ iu #
Q#~ Q~ K =x =H `. H#H
k<# ==e #Qi
O= ~
H. (189-194)
JC_ "i = "i "OH~z W J<_: ''<# g Z=i
HOb =$^K#. O+<, < gO~` OO~ XH $+OH
K~k#O. < H~ Z=O=O `=
=^e =KO, Z=O=O `=
W~_ #~_ "_
Q@|_O, Z=O=O "k~ K|_O, Z=O=O O_O, (P
O@~ Z=O=O) `=O|_O O~^i O@ =x~z ix
O =~K O =< "t ~* #. Wn ^=x ^QO (iH)
a~K u
~. ^=x ^Q~ +" # u
~ L~k. (195)
=H! ~ K ^ ` uOO uOQ, fO`#e K h=
"H. Wk =< =K@ =`" . `~ "` i ` x~ #OHO
J=`~k. Jk O= K_x~. J` `= = @ H`
=H~@ hu=~`" # rq`~ Q_ i H~ O =~K
O= < L<. JH_ O HHO (~Q)L~>O. Wn ^= xk
iH a~K Pu^ ~. }`H ^=x ^QO (O~ ) L#^ Jx>H~ >
Z~` +" # k. (196-198)
25. J~>, rq`~`~ hH q^
L~_ uH rq`~ Q_ ` =O}~ z#
i, =H J~> uH rq`~ Q_ ` J^ u = =O}~ K Q~
k~K Jx JO~ .
H~^O J<H ~=`O ^=x @
H
` uH rq`~ Q_ `O. Hx
rq` KO=^ OA=O~ ``O. ^ `= =@ ^O, K` ^O
Jq Y
i =H O O . ^ ~zH ~ _ H H =
xOx$H QO ^=_ xOt ~z# PO^# , `O K _~ =<O .
z=iH J^ u Kx`O. WH_ H
J~> ^OO}xH QiHH~_, `k
=OH xOt ` ^O ~ O ~ Q L~_, ` O PKi~K =~z =O}x k~K=x
^=_ "_ H~@<O. JO`QO_ +`< >
QiHO_ "_ H_
#O_ `~K
Q ^" x ~}
_ H~O@ LO_e.

108

(3. PeW=<)

Y~P< "=$`O

Q~^ [ H_ H~^O ^KO~ # L<O. O J #

qO . h J=`i~* # (YOP<) Q~^x, nxH O~ `= =^H
~|_# Q~^x H_ qO . JnQH O ^=x =~^ q#=~
"Hi`O. ^=x H# (~zH [<H P_) J`
=xH J=H<O H^. iH a~K=# u
~ i =
^QO OH` ~ Q L~k.
^=_ (HO ) qKO} [O_ ~ U=`~ P~ K _. (199)
qO! #~ >~K~_. q^^ =~^ ^O
^i~K~_. ^O= H~ #_~ ay~K~_. ^=x @ H Hey
L~_~_. JC_ gO (WO) H$`O
=`Ox Pt~KQ
O. (200)

Our Publications So far

1. Meening of the Holy Qur'an : (Part-30)
2. Life of the Prophet (Cradle to Cave)
3. Promissed Messaiah (Qadiyan) : P-50
4. Meening of the Holy Qur'an (full-V) : P-904
(Released by Moulana Abdul Azeez, JIH on14.3.04)
5. Ideal life of the Prophet (p) : P-504
(Released by Justice Sardar Ali Khan on 14-3-04)
6. Journey of the Hear after life : P-224
7. Muslim Woman : P-240
8. Decentralisation of Wealth : P-224
9. The Message of "Kaaba" : P-224
10. Holy Qur'an-1 & 36 And Duvaas : P-40

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