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Dr.Niharendu Saha, Dr.G.C.Hazra, Dr. Chaitali Mukherjee, Dr. Ipsa Bandyopadhyay, Dr. J.K Saha,
Dr. T.R. Rupa, Dr. G.V. Lakshmi, Dr. S.K. Singh, Dr. Tapan Adhikari, Mr. Nirmalendu Basak, Dr.M.K. Nanda,
Dr M.C.Kundu, Dr.M. Ghosh, Dr.P.K. Bandyopadhyay, Dr. E. Kunhikrishnan, Mr.K.Batabyal, Prof. D.K. Benbi,
Dr. P.K. Tarafdar, Dr. Supradip Sarkar, Dr. Mrityunjoy Ghosh, Dr. J. Hazra, Mr. T. Vanlalngurzauva,
Dr.Debabrata Basu, Dr.Subhendu Goswami, Dr.Nitai Charan Das, Dr.Kanchan Mukhopadhyay, Mr.Amrit Thapa

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Rashtriya Vigyan Evam Prodyogiki Sanchar Parishad

Rastriya Vigyan Evam Prodyogiki Sanchar Parishad (RVPSP), New Delhi, Department of Science
and Technology, is an apex body set up with the objectives of communication of science and
technology (S&T) and stimulation of scientific and technological temper among the people. Among
other things RVPSP:
Catalyzes and supports research and development in the area of S&T communication and
devising more effective communication methods, tools and technologies;
develops software in different languages in the form of films, websites, radio and
television programmes and magazines in different languages;
helps prepare competent science communicators, through short and long-term courses in
selected S&T based voluntary organizations, Universities, etc.
encourages and recognizes outstanding, communicators and institutions involved in S&T
communication through national awards.
Organizes state / country wide field projects for fulfilling its objectives by involving other
agencies and network of science based voluntary organizations, etc. These can be in the
form of Jathas, melas, science exhibitions, science conferences, seminars, etc.
It also orchestrates and coordinates S&T communication programmes and activities
nationally. RVPSP is initiating process to encourage creativity among youth and invites
suggestions and inputs for this.

For further details, please contact:

Head, Rastriya Vigyan Evam Prodyogiki Sanchar Parishad (RVPSP),
Department of Science and Technology, Technology Bhawan,
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi - 110016
Phone: 011-26567373, Telefax : 011-26960207

19 CT PlP P
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NCSTC-Network
The NCSTC-Network, a voluntary network of over 70 voluntary and government organizations, is a unique
organization for science popularization and for stimulation of scientific temperament among the people. It was
registered in 1991 under Societies Registration Act-1860 of Delhi as an autonomous society.
The NCSTC-Network was formed through the effort of the National Council for Science and Technology
Communication (NCSTC) under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India to give a common platform to like minded organizations in science communication, with an objective to strengthen the science
communication movement in the country.
What followed has watched by all. The Network remains a unique and successful experiment in science
popularization, bringing the government and non-government sectors together in nation building exercise. It publishes books, co-ordinates and organises National Childrens Science Congress (NCSC), arranges science programmes,
organizes trainings / workshops and in short, bridges science and the common person.
Major Activities:
1. The most visible activity of the Network is the National Childrens Science Congress (NCSC) which is being
catalysed and supported by NCSTC. It is a unque programme for children in the age group 10 - 17. NCSC gives
a common platform for the children of the country to present their scientific realization through small research
project on given focal theme. It records participation of around five lakh children every year.
2. National Teachers Science Conference (NTSC): It is a nationwide activity. Network has been entrusted to
organize this activity since the year 2005 by NCSTC. It organized the 3rd NTSC at Mysore during 27-30 January
2006 and would continue to provide this platform for the teaching community for sharing their experience of
innovation in teaching - learning process.
3. Appreciating Physics in Everyday Life: the year 2005 was celebrated as the International Year of Physics.
During the celebration the necessity of a nation wide campaign was felt to take applications and concepts of
physics to a large number of young people through some intensive science communication activities. Network
has taken up the challenge, which is being catalysed and supported by NCSTC, and has already organised a
series of activities through its membeer organizations throughout the country.
4. Apart from all these activities Network was an active component in the Bharat Jan Gyan Vigyan Jatha 1992 and
the Year of Scientific Awareness (YSA) 2004. In both these activities most of the Network members took active
part at state and regional level. In YSA-2004 the network played a crucial role in printing and dissemination of the
software.
The NCSTC-Network is now ready to take some more challenges like popularizing the concept of donation of body
after death, science communication programme for girl child, etc.
To know more about the NCSTC Network you may visit its website www.ncstc-network.org
Address for communication:
NCSTC-Network, E-56, Ist Floor, Samaspur Road
Pandav Nagar, Delhi - 110 091, Telefax: 011-22799236
E-mail: ncstcnet@hotmail.com

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19 CT PlP P
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19 CT PlP P
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19 CT PlP P
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Pv :
F AidAi Ai d zw Ew
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46

zs
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47

19 CT PlP P
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Aid : 4

t sv PtU U GAz
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19 CT PlP P
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5.

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48

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49

19 CT PlP P
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Aid 5

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19 CT PlP P
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50

(DAi irz i / CmAm dAS)

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51

19 CT PlP P
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D)

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52

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53

19 CT PlP P
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SAvg EAU t gvz. EAUz

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U R WlP g. Z w
g

dASAz P, PUjP, PrAi v Evg
PUV j rP ZU wz. P

i t iv

Utl PAiwz. DzjAz
j Utlz j v t
Czg
ju wAiz Cv.
GzU

1. DAi Pvz
j U UgwP
U Utzsz zsg.
2. j Utl CAiz.
3. t
UtPt
U Ezg ju
wAiz.
zs
1. Czs AiP DAi Pvz

j U

Ugwz v VPjz.
2. zvAU
AU
v j U Ut
zsg.
3. Ugwz j UAz izj AU

v j jP.
4. j U Utlz jP.
5. F j PAz t
UtPtU
zuAi jP.
A iU :
1. Q lU
zs j izjU

AU
.
2. PH
i t PH PUz

wj.
3. j Pgv (turbidity) Ai jQ.
4. j Uqv jQ.
5. 15 U CAvgz Q A
iAi g
w P g jPU irj.
6. AU
z zvA zR.
7. qz zvA
j Utl
zs
j zsguA i zs
a.

54

AiVP GAiUv
A iUAz j Utl wAizz
A i t

Czg juz CjUvz.
AzjP
1. j Utlz jPAi AzjP.
2. j Utlz Pv
vqA i P
U
3. P U G A i P Cx P j
U wAiz.
Aid 2

Dg zsU U
Pz t
jP
jZAi : t e CvP. Cz g,
D v Dg
MzV A
Vz.
z
Az z
P t
UtPt
U zUv
.
t P uU Czg UtPtU
wAiz C PVz. E CAwV t

Utl PAi gUvz.
GzU
:
1. s
V CAizz t
UtPt

U
Ugwz.
2. t Utzsz zsjP U
Ai U CPP UgU

P.
3. DAi z
z
Dg zsU
U
Cvv

t Ugwz.
zs
1. Ai zAz zs tU
Ugwz v AU
z.
2. CAizz t UtPtU n
ir.
3. PAqU Ai t GAiU.
4. U tUAi PtU UP.
5. Cvv Utlz t DAi.
A iU
1. t
Pgv
, (PH) PgU

tU U
g wj. t v PAiA
Pm
it PAqP.

55
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011
w
t 5P.f.Ai PAqU Q.
A
iU iq PVg A
i d
Hj.
PAiqAiPAi
it, tU
(Jvg, vP)Ai
it Cj.
t UtPtUAU tUAi

it r.
A
i
t
U
A
i Dzsgz t
VPj.

AiVP GAiPv :
1. U

U A
i t CxirP

g.
2. t g PU wP.
Azs
U
CP :
1. s
vVz t
wP U Ai
WlPU q.
2. jAiiz tU
P A
i CPz
Czs Ai.
Aid 3

g g tU P
P zsz UgwP
jZAi
Aiiz s
z
Az Pt
Czg swP
U gAiP WlPU


CAgvz
. F
UtPtU Dzsgz PUV
sAi VPjUvz. qPAi

i t, A i P g, Aiizsjv E gj,
UgU, G AvzU sAi
x CAgv. A
i zs D
z
P i P g CAgvz.
DzjAz Aiiz s z
Az juPj
EjUV P zs
Cj PUvz
.
GzU
:
1.
v Jgq Ai UgwP U
DAi Pvz
t UgwP.
2. s g t

A
izz Jgq

U


U
A
iz.
3. Gv v P t UgwP.

ZlnPU
A Pr

zsU
:
1. s z
z DAi.
2. P AiU sAi VPgt.
3.
v Eg zsU UgwP.
4. Jgq
A iiV A i zs g U


jP.
5. Jgq
U

zs z Ej
i tz jP.
6. t
UtPt
U v Ej xz
P.
7. zs t
P gU
v U

q
AAzsz it.
8. DAiAi zsU C.
A iU ;
1. CzsAiPV DAiPAq zz s
Ew, Ai
i t, PAi zsU
,
t
P g, j s v CAvdz wUw Ev.
2. gAi zsg U
v Ai
Czs Ai.
3. P gz C.
4. z vUz Avg g U
UgwP.
5. t UtPtU U EjAi
q AAzsz zR.
6. DyP zwAi Dzsgz JgqAi
Ai DAi.
AiVP GAiPv :
AidAi AiAz g g tU
P
z
JgqAi Ai DAi iqz.
Azs
A i CPU
:
P P
1. zsAi zsU z
zsz zsg.
2. VPv sU P Ai DAi.

ZlnPU
A Pr

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

Aid 4

g s PUV AgQv P zs
jZAi :
AgQv P zsz DzsP P zwAi
PAq s AU g P U
EjAi ZjUV sAi AgPuAi
iqUvz
. s
A
U P PA
iAU
Uj EjAi A
iv, Avv gAiPU
P , P vdU v t eU g P
uAi Ez MUArz.
GzU

1. CvAv Pr AiiAwPv t
GAi
vz.
2. UAz Az vdUAz t
Z
z.
3. Ai v CPP UgU

P
Az t
PAU

v

i tzj
z.
4. t

Gg jA
PV
P
z.
zs :
1. Pvz
DAi (P s)
2. Ai DAi (Dg zs / Ju P /
z zs / g vgPj)
3. DAi P sAi Jgq sUUV
AUr, C. v D. JAz Ugw.
C. 2 3 Dz UgU Jz
Ug Q d w
rz t gr.
D. s
Ai G ir (Ai
P
zAv) d w.
4. Ug, QlPU


i t Ai gvg

itz Eg.
Czs Ai :
1. DyPV EjAi
i t zR.
2. DyP sz
it P Q.
3. A i P Az
s z Jgq
sUU
Az
t Azv
Ai PAq rj.

56

4. t
gA Pgt
PAq rz
r.
t Mmg Azsv
Ai CAi zs.
GI 4-6 Gzz vAqU

1. 2 z
Pvj
P.
2. t Ez Er.
3. 4 CU 5 Gzz PnUAi vAq Ezg
r.
4. F vAq t

U UAv wU
Az
qj.
5. v Eg t PAi
AiAz Pvj vAq t
AU zsV vUj.
6. Jgq Vg Zz t
ZP AiAz Pvj
vU
j.
vP t
vP w
vz.
7. FU t
AU vVj.
8. Avg t gvUz vz
MtV.
9. FU S vAr vP irj.
10. M v Gz Cj
U Ezg AiAz t
Uv

P Qj.
11. t zgAi Czg Uv
Az (m/
v) sVzU zgAiz t Mmg
Azv
A
iiVgvz
.
AzjP :
1. Ai jwAi EvgjU vj.
2. zgv jitU Za.
nt :
1. zg (m)/Uv = Azv
(gm/cm3)
tU Jgq Azv
U.
D) WlPU Azv

D) Mmg Azv.

57

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

WlPU
Azv
(pd) :
tg g P Avz WlPU
Azv
Ai WlPU Azv
JAz PgAivg.
gj WlPU
Azv
A
i 2.65 gm/cm3 JAz
PgA
ivg.
Mmg Azv
(bd) :
Ez t Uv z Az v A i i Vz Cz
t
g UAi CP. Ai U
MUArgvz. Mmg Azv
Ai Mt tU
P PzjAz tg vA
jUt
.
Mmg Azv
(bd) = t
vP / t
qz Uv
Uv = r2h ( = 22/7=3.14)
r = wd h = Jvg
vUzPAq AqjPgzzjAz
Aqj Uv
v = Axh= r2h = 3.4 r2xh
JAz P Pz.
x 100
t gA Pgt % = 1-Mmg Azv
2.65
r /2

ZlnPU
A Pr
Aid 5

svz UzU CAvdz

GAi
s
n irz svz UzU g z
i. E t PqAil MAz
zg vz. Ez UnAiiV tU
j M fUPAi Pr iqvz
. Ez
vqA i gvg tU

Az JAil G zs
E mPg GzjAz t j
gPAi
it AiAwvg.
GzU
:
1. j M jAiPAi it
CAiz.
2. P G zs Az CAv d
ggu iqz.
zs :
1. svz UzAi sVz.
2. sVz sUU AiV sg
G GPgtU CAvz.
3. GAiiz vPt
t
Az Prg j
AU
.
4. 5 AqjPgz 5 lg xz
vU
AU
.
5. vA
i v vz
sUU

Pvj

Jgq Ai vggAv ir.
6. zs Az 1 zgz
Aqj U
3jAz 4 gAzsU
Pgj.
7. GAiiz Avg F vA
i t


Cz g zs s U t Ai
vAv vj, EzjAz gAzsU

t

Az 1 gv.
8. 12 Gzz P Az vAi
Az t

2 DQAiAv j.
9. U n A i i Vg t U z Ml
Azv
Ai Cj.
Czs Ai :
1. vA i MVg j Jvg


AeAi
(V) w Cj.

ZlnPU
A Pr

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

2. G irz 2jAz 4 v 15, 30, 45

U 60 U Avg Cj.
3. Ai PAi irz Avg Mmg
Azv
Ai Cj.

3. GZg
C. zu iqzAv vqj.
D. P JU Ag

j.
E. nU


U


Ai z wAiAv

j.
4. F sU Pz sUUAz g jz
UgzAv UAz v
Q.
5. zs s Uz
P jAi (P)
jz Uzz g v t
Czg P Ai UAv ir.
6. jz z t v g zq
Pm MAzg AU
.

AzjP ;
1. iwAi Ai P g
u
CPjU
r.
2. AiUz zs v juU
gvgAU Za.
Aid 6

j jz UPAz GAmU
g v t vqUlz.
DgU v PAAiP Dgz U
A
i x t Pz
PAqU Cz
t yPgt JAz PgAiv. Ez swP,
gAiP U ePV GAmU t
PAi ju. zz svz
s
EAv P
Az Uwz. DzzjAz
A
iwg dA
SU Dg
g EAv
vqAiz CPVz. DzjAz
iV Eeg s
Az t v j
jzUPAi vqU
l

n z w, MqU


it, az U AiP, Cq vP
Avz zsU Cjvg.
GzU
:
1. jz UPAz GAmU g v
t P Pz.
2.

vqA
i P
U
Cjz.
3. PU FqUzz w
sAi
g PAi zsU Ugwz.
zs ;
1. P Eeg PsAi DAi.
2. Eej U Al s Ai g
sUU
V AUr. w
sU P 3 lg
CU Ag.

58

Eej PZg
A
BC= sAi Gzv
AB= sAi Gzv

Eeg %=BC / AB x 100

Czs Ai :
1. Eej Gz
2. Eej Pqg
it
3. Gvgz vAz Qz j
it
4. P vAz jz Az j
it
AzjP :
1. CzsAiz gU AigAU
AaP.
2. zyUU A
iU ir vj.
iqzz AidU
a :
1. A i A i t j P A i
zsU
.
2. t z U
s.

59

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

3. v jwU

ZlnPU
A Pr

8. Ai
rP v A
i
A
iP.

4. tAz Zz sAi :v
5. a
rAiA Ag jAz t

U ju.

9. i ZlnPUAz t P.

6.
jAz t
PH ju.

11. t
AgPuUV t
u.

7. g g uAj
s v s
Ai dU
AiPAi
i t.

12. zs v t Pv.

10. UU CP PAU.

13. t PAi P vAiijP.

14. gjUV g AU
.

********

ZlnPU
A Pr

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

60

GAi VI

d P Pjv ddv e
, , t
gtUwz, PUqPg
- AiAg qP
zAi U zAiizsjv ddv ez

jP S :
z
U

U E Ug
z
/ lt
z
AiAzg dg UA Aiizzg
i vQU

Mql irzg zAiAz jUtvUz.
D AAi zAi DU PV. MAz UAi
f
Ai PUv
, Czg V Mg
q
g
Mq rU Vg D d zAi
zAiz. U ZA
iU PAgg E
Pi gg
Pq zAiPg
.
zAiizsjv ddv e E ddv
eAzg MAz zAiz zg gPAr
g CAi AiU U CUvzU z
e. v
i jAz v
i jU Cz iTPV Uu
DUAv z.
zAie U gAge JA z
ddveP AAiiV P ir
i x P A z s U z . DzU F
A z s z d d v e JA z z P
CPtAi P PgtU. zAi JA
z
Aiz. Aiiz zs J
g U Aq Pz g U Z A i z g
zAi z. gA
g Jz PzvA
i a
gAge P Aiiz zwAi J
C A i g U Z A i g P ? Ai i z e
zRwAiiUzg ez avAi Ppt.
i gAgAi Fa ZgU U
vAz PgP DUz JA CAiz.
jzvA
i Aiig zqs
r
P? ddv e

F Pz DAiiU UdAz Pzz .

ddv e

GeU

E V
g P Cz q
g E ejU
djAz gUArgPV. V
Evgj
Az Jg
qz
e

zAi Cr

Pz. PP
z dg e Ur
PAq vzAAv P iqz. D ez
jv
Cx CA
i Pjv CP A
iUU


PUz. Gz: EvgjAz v (d)
Az Jg
qz
Czg P Pjv e



Jg qAiz. D e Ai
Az
s UU CUtV DAvjPU
PArgg .
EAv e djAz djU UuAi
vz

AU PU
g
. Ezg
AU j AgPu

vAv
, x Uu (CzsP/vAz/v
P P PP) Pq DUz.
Azs
Ai
P v :
ddv ez
Czs AiP AAzAv i
PgvU. ddv e ez Cx
e
A
z vUz
P PAv. i v
Pt
zsz
Pv sgwAi PP
U

, i v
z
J
vQPzz , Cx jUtAiU
zz Az Ptgz zz . zAizz
gPjzP wQAiAiiV ddv ez J
CAU

Pgt ju AAzs v eP
CAvUv CvQPvAi gPj A
iv
EzVgz. Aiiz e z wAi CAv
gP g u A i i U , C Cz jP g t U

61

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

CPt
Ai JAz F Az
s z tV
PjP. CP AiizaP DzsgUj
U z f U f W l P U
VPj v AUr P zs
sgwAi zAiU g. P eU
E VPgt v AUqu PUPVz.
zzg VP A sAqg
V P j z AU r z E
PU
PVz. U P Czs Ai PU
PVz.
sgwAi zAiU PAqg PAz
CAi U DZguU E. Gz:zsP
Cx iZg DZguU AiAw
iz P z, g
U
zsj
i
zQ PAiU
s
AiAw
gr ejAi. zAiU, AigzU,
ez
g

CzjPj zs . F CA
iz
E ez w q eP zsU
vP Pt
U
DzsgV PVz. ddv
e dg e v vAveAz
gAigz. Ez AQtz g vPAz
zVgz Pgt v juU AAzs



z
U


j C xzz.
eP iwAi A qA
iz g

V
Aiv v wPPAi AiUVAi
PU
z. F Az
s z dg DZU



,
grU P zRz z. ddv
e PZgzz eAz PgAiUz
C P CA U . d d v e Z V
Uz Dw PUAq A
iUAz F
vvU

Azs U P.
Azs
A i WlPU
:
ddv e

dfz


J P vU



Ptz. F P vU


g
V Jgq UAiiV
VPjz. z
, P v AVvz P vU

RV g z
CQAi U zs.
Gz P zwU, P, PAsP, z,
AU, DgU, Plq it v Evg
gZU U U z
CQAiiz. FV
z z Gz U zz Pjv iv. ddv

ZlnPU
A Pr

e C A v g z U U A A z v
Aaz
jUt .
d P PjvAv ddveP Gzgu
U
:
qAi ddv ez CP CAU
Aa V. Czg Cv sU iv Ewag
U

zRVz. F Pvz DQ Pg
GzAz P Gzgu
U


E qVz.
i) AUzz dg v zz t
izjAi 4 UUV AUrzg. zs
U

U AiPv
, gj s v PU



Dzsj F VPgt PUVz. eU
AiUz WlPUAz F VPgt
Azs Az AdA
z tzg.
ii) Agu
zsz
g
vU

AzV PAgg
zs tU
t
v Evg WlPU


P ir t zUg.
iii) U

z Q P U
PA vAiijPU,
t Z
PU (AU) AiUzzAz
PuAz PAqPArzg.
iv)Ug Cg AzsUUUtz t
AgPu
zsU

zs eP CAU



UAq gZU gzg.
Azs
AidU
:
zz U dUw EvgqU eUwP
ddv AUwU Jgq UAi zjPU
Jzjwz. ddv e sgz, ej
Aigz, PUjPvg E PUjP
zAiz iv. PUjP i dU
ddv
ez

P v wg C. Ez Cz PSU


Gv v
i tz Gv
U , t
i tz
Gvz
WlPU
ddv e

PAq
Cvzg UAg zjPAi Mqw. Ai
Aig , Pi gg
, PAgg wvg
P PU
v GzUAz AavgUPV Agz,
F Pzgg GvUU igPm Egz
F PS GvU PAz. M ddv
e gr vv
A
zg Cz v

V
zAvAi!

ZlnPU
A Pr

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

ddv eP OZjP Pt AUAz

EAz UAi zjPz. F zAU
Cj o P
z ddv eP
Ez
Pgt P ddv e PjvAv OZjP
PdU
PAiz E. Ai jAi
jAz E zAiz CsUAz ddv
ez gz iwAi PAi CP
F zz P PVz. UV F e

g
t
Uz Uvz. ddv e

P
iq grAi dg v z DyP ZlnPU


PV AiAwg. ddv eAz
OZjP ez
v
l
U PUjP AwU ,
C xz


djU U DyP ZlnPU


-EZAz djU Eg P
CP vvz. ddv ez gAvg
CU Pz AiiAi CAU
Egz M
PUvz
. Dzg ddv ez

zRwAi PUAq Czg zU


A
iUz P AzsU Qg A
ivU
i e Aw
R CAU jAiiz
zAz Cjv Czg ZzAiv PU
s
P
g .
Aid PAi PU v C r

i iUaU :
AidAi ejU P U F
PV
P
U
V CjzVz. Dzg
CAw Czg CAiUU P
AztP iqz U Ai wUw,
g UA
xU
wP U

v mU

j zRv zAi DZgu
A
i CAi
U qAizVz.
* zAiz dg evU Za Ai
DAi ir vvA
A iwAi AU

zVz. vvPV PAi F
Avz
zr
Pz.
* DAi irz AiP AAzAv zAi
z Aieg Ugw CjAz
gV AiU AUP.
PAi

F Avz
CAwU P.
P v PAiig AiUU PUAq

62

jAijAz Pv qz e vr
Azsv zsjg. iUz PPg
U zAiz jAig Gj U
iUz
z
Cg A iU q
z Dz

zs.
* zAi P irz V U CAi
U jwAi jwAi P
iqz zs Az szzg D Pjv
AiUU zAi jAig U
iUz CzsP g
G
jAi PU
g
.
* F J AvU

AU
z iwAi
wi qAig.
A
:
Honey Bee http://www.stisti.org
Inventory Indegenous Knowledge in agricul
ture (vol IX vol II)
Published by I CAR (2002 & 2003)
Aid 1 :

d VPgt PjvAv
ddv e
pP :
Cg jsz zsz
gvg v d
VPgt PU UU wAi DAi F
AidAiz. F PAiAzV zyU , gvg ,
A
i DAi, s
vgP U

P, gj Aid
zz tAiU
PU
UU wAiz.
F AidAi Jgq WlPU
. z Avz

P vz
P v P vAiijAi v zAi
P v z e U z g v g A i U z AU
PU
Uz. Jgq
A
i Avz
ddv ez

Azs v A i UAi Cx
z
g
P A
iUAiz zs
jz.
zs AizU
:
1. g v g P U P z P d
VPgt v iqz.
2. gvg VPgt
P
z Ag vP
U
d uA i CzjAzU ju
CjAiz.

63

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

3. gvg VPgt Q AiAi Azsv g

A
iUAz AzsU

z.
zs :
CUvU : Pvz
PAzAi PAi gZ w

(smP) tvA R, PUz, t

jP QmU.

ZlnPU
A Pr

Pv :
gvg s VPgt Ai zyU
wAiz. d uA
i Czg v


gv zAi vQA
i PAiP

Ezg
v wAiz.
Aid 2

*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*

AvU
:
z Pv
DAi ir.
D Pvz
PAzAi PAi qz gZ
w
qj.
P vz
P gvg
gr U e
gg

sn ir Gz gV wz.
P vz

g
zs UAi d gvjAz P
wj.
zs dU s n r
s zP Pgt wj.
w
UAi d g, t g,
EP, U, P u, gj
u gr, dl, Ej s
Ai ,
PAzAi zz iw AU
.
PAzAi PAi KPg
z d UrgS
Ugw gvg Pjj.
PAi Us U U w
d
t wj.
CU Pt Dzsj
g g d vP
n vAiij.

A iU :
* w
AiAz UAi d Ad t
izj q
j
* PH, zzPv, NPK, d wUwAi
t jP Qm Pir zsj.
* gvg VPgtz Azsv Pjv vAv

r.
wi :
* gvg VPgt vAvez UP U
PgvU PAqrj.

d uAi zU
zsguAi Pz uAi
PU z.
pP :
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Q A iAi
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wz U zsV d
zAi z. grU Czg
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PP
z DAi, zs DAi, svgz
P, gj u, zsjv AgPu
P
U , Ej Azz CAU

zyU
jz F Aid Jgq Avz .
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Hj z zAiz gvg QAi
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ddv ez
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19 CT PlP P
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AvU
:
z
z d Pv
DAi ir.
PvP AAz jeg gr
gvg sn ir
Gz gV j
20 z P CAi zuAi
CA
iiV jUt

Zg

Ej
CP ZgU

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* z, s
vgP , gj, Ej, Dqv
Aq Jzjz Ev PjvAv ZZ
P
U.
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CA gj

t uA i zU
w
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1990-2010
zu

Azs v :
* wAiP iw AU
Cz CU
AAzAv
* Pv iwU
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gvg CAzfP vAve
U

U P v Eww
wj

P v

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i zu
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64

gu

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1. dg FUU AiV Piqwg

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ZlnPU
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19 CT PlP P
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n : zAiz dg P iqwz g Rgu w/vAv

U

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wAi / vAvz
g

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AU
u
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U
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iz.
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u x z.
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t v j AgPu PjvAv
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z

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t i
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CP swP, gAiP U eP Q A iU
P U yU v . g v
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rUAq Czg tPtU v Pa
Uz. PU t PAiiV AiP
gAiPUz. z w, gw,
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zz . zj
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Uz vAq P
,
Dgt
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Uz Gz, Ut U t
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t AgPu iqg.
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:
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U ejAi
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zRz.
2. F DZguU Ag vP U
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3. gvg U zAi F grU
Az U
s CAzd iqz.
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PjvAv dg/gvg
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U
P P iqg .
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U AzsUP
Pv :
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U PjvAv F CzsAi
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ZlnPU
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19 CT PlP P
e i 2011
ddv e PjvAv ag Aid n

1. v Pg zAqAi tP vqU zAi P

U.
2. Ui v Adg sAi d AgPu - /Cg z
z.
3. Uq gU t U j AgPu.
4. Uz, P ivU ddv ez jP
Pv CjAiz.
5. zs CAiUU EnU vAiij, qP, gAU, PlqU EUU P DU t
izjU.
6. zs tU QPm, m/U CAU/Pr CAUz P iqP.
7. t OAi P.
8.
z VAiiV t
P.
9. P uAi z zsU(/zs Ug P).
10. gvg P iq (t a P) zsz.
11. gvg P iq d v j CAiU.
12. t PA ZPV tU gw djz.
13. gU/Qlzs/PA qUV PAz d Agt.
14.
j AU
v P PjvAv gvg Cj.
15. td GzUUV vj s (Uz) P Pjv gvg eu.
16. t GAiPv PjvAv gvjVg ZPU Cj.
17. U Pjv U gvg Cj (CAvg, , Aii Ev)
18. t Utl CjAi gvjU wg eP ZPU.
19. AgPu P PjvAv gvg gr PU.
20. gvg P iq d QlPU, Az PU, zAP PU, PPU
U D PAz d U ju.
21. d v t P PjvAv sUPAi P Cj rP.
22. P v PAivg PUV Pg P.
23. U
vAiijPU t P.
24. PwPgAUV t
P.
25.
zs VAiiV t
P.
26. mgP l Pzg P iq t.
27. PqzAv gQ PzsV t P.
28. AgPu P/Ai P/zs U grAi P AgPuAi Cx
UA z
g :
q|| z v , q|| s Az U, q|| v Zgu
z,
q|| PAZ SzsAii, Cv x

66

67

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

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g U P g P U Al i r Ai
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19 CT PlP P
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P e g U U AP Al i q
DPg
V DP z UiPU gUAq .
Gz:PgU, mAi
F Gz g u U t Dg U Z P
j gv P PAi U P U Aq f
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tV U P.
Ai vlUjP KP?
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g PgtUUV PUvg. F Q s
Aiq
AUv z Rzg v fvz
s v A i wAi A i v lz v
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vlUjPAi F PgtUUVAi
PUz. KPAzg Ez szz. Ai
U grUv zs PAiv z.
CAvg t Ai PAi CrP
Pgt- t zU CzP uAi
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qzgAU Ql v gUU zs VqP
DU z v V z . P U g rP
Ai vVz. wUAm AU v
PA vAiijPU PAiizU QzP v
Evg PUU Aiiqwz Jgq UAmAi

GvAiUz.
jAiiV PA MzVz tU
U U
j q s

C. j zsgt Ut
t U g z . j UAi
PAiP U gU zsAi vVz.
a
j zsguUt gqPAi vV zg
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zzg j CtU er U gU
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g zgAz egz; t
swP
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68

v A MtU z v z . F MAz
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dzsgu x
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iqz. DU gUU PU

s Uz.
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Pz.
gAiP U erAiP t Jgq U.
tU g/erAi CwgPV
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UAi t CAz vg zu
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PP. Cz vd E t vdAzVz,
Pv Pgt PAv CvAv az E
gAzsAi gZAizVgvz. CzgU CP
gAzsU

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CPl g gz. Czg vgz v
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f erAi PtU Zm equ
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P jZU g jAizAv PU



PaPzAv rPz.
gAiP tU PA GAiP.
aAzg gU U vAz azAv

69

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

PP. aP g jzg Cz gUV jz

Uz. DU PA jz Af ZgAz
s D UU q Qzg DU Cz g
grAiz CxUvz. PA Eg
vA
rjP

z. P
gVAv Z g vUzPz UV U
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zsgt irPzgAU PA j
U PU zsjz.
t qzU t g DUzAv
PA A f g Z Az AU jw
wz. PA t
P
Ai vV vz
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PZu

Az P
DUz vV vz
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Aq UAi P
vV vz.
F CPUAz MAz UAmAi PA
P CP UAmU
Evg PU

vV vz.
s
iAzg : Wvd v t i
Wv
d : i E t ZlnPU
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Gv DU Cg W Cx W z U
gAiPAz Cx PgAz j
iqPz Cz Wvd JUz.
PUz, PzsgPU

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, P
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PP Q A i Az U z A v . C
AU

Uv
qVzg dg DgUP DvAPPj U
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t iz CgUPg zsU

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19 CT PlP P
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t i vV U :

P P juV DU Ai
UU deUw

UP U gP E ZQ Ai
P

QUv
P P j

Ai vd
w
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AU
gP iqz.

70

U g P U ZAmU
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s Knv.
AP fAi Z vP APz
fAi z. A jg
U FV jgz Dg g KggV
fz vU ju GAmUz.
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U VPgt
:

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d
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GvzP g
U Q Gvz
PAzU

g
vAPgPV P iqz. iPgt
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V P irz g VP jgP
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GAmU Z fUU
C) DQd gP vVz. D) f jg
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dAiU vA g j ZV jU
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f jg juU
g
Sio2%

20-60

40-60

75-45

Al203%

5-35

20-30

20-25

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10-40

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4-15

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1-12

5-30

15-20

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0.15

0.3

0.5

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vV z. F vVP
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71

19 CT PlP P
e i 2011

jit vV P CwgPz Az
s z
Avw z GAl. dZg tU
ZAiiZA
i QAiAi U a Dg F
AaVAv CPUz. vz Ujv ve
g ( g) U 700 F., tAiv jU 800
F v G
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f jw juU .
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V vAVg g dAiUAz
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U ju GAmV Ai GvzPv
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( 43.4ppm) g (311 ppm) Pq A i i
(806ppm). jAii ( 5ppm) g
(311ppm) PrAii (3.4ppm) PAii
( 136 ppm) P Ai i ( 90 ppm) P
(35.9ppm) v (112ppm) s
j (29ppm)
( 56ppm) i AU ( 250 ppm) P
(77.6 ppm) Ai i ( 7.7ppm) A i i
(775ppm) rAii (252ppm)
s v
(178ppm)
g gP.
gAi gPA
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ZlnPU
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19 CT PlP P
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jgz

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P KeAi CAiqzAzg, Pz
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19 CT PlP P
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GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATORS

We welcome you to the national movement to link
environment to education which provides opportunities to young budding scientists to showcase
their talent. To begin with we would like to tell
you about this programme, initiated in 1993, for
children in the age group of 10 - 17 years. It is
open to all - school going or out-of-school children
in this age group, belonging to rural as well as
urban areas.
National Childrens Science Congress (NCSC) provides budding scientists from all over the country
a unique opportunity to use their scientific temperament and knowledge to make their own ideas
come true. NCSC is held annually from December 27 to 31. After a thorough scrutiny at district
and state levels, about 500 children take part in
this five day deliberations and funfilled science
activities.
Thc basic objectivcs of this program are:
To provide a forum to the young scientists to
pursue their natural curiosity and to whet
their thirst for creativity by experimenting on
open-ended problems;
To effect a change in the way science is taught
and learnt by relating the learning process to
the physical and social environment around
of the neighbourhood;
To encourage children throughout the country to visualise future of the nation and help
building a generation of sensitive and responsible citizens;
To stimulate scientific temperament and
learning the Scientific methodology of observation, collection of data, experimentation
analysis, arriving at conclusions and presenting findings.
Creativity and the internalization of the methodof-science is given, a major stress. Children learn
by problem-solving/method and thus develop confidence to handle situations in real life. We have
to encourage these young minds to dream and develop an urge to find solutions themselves. It is
equally important to identify the talented ones and
provide them opportunities to pursue their ideas
further. Many of these creative participants will
become active researchers. Some of them may not
opt for science as a career but they will use their

skills of logic and experimentation in overcoming

problems that they encounter. The effort through
NCSC has to continue till major parts of formal
science teaching in high school convert to a discovery oriented approach.
The instructions given to children on How to do a
project and How to document it are enclosed at
Annexure 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
We bank on YOU to help us realise this hope and
thank you for joining hands with us.
1. Our expectations from judges:
The role of judges at District and State level congresses is very important as inputs given by you
always helps children to learn more and improve
their work. You are not only a subject expert but
have the ability and inclination to understand the
children and their capabilities and capacities.
The primary objective of this program Childrens
Science Congress is to provide the children an
opportunity to learn in a co-operative manner. This
is not a competition in the usual sense though
due to the screening involved at district and state
level, there is bound be a comparison.
Innovativeness of the idea and methodology have
to be appreciated and valued. All the projects
reaching national level are treated at par and the
nurturing academic environment helps free exchange of ideas and results. All participants receive citations containing an honest assessment
of their efforts under different headings. These are
explained later in a particular section of the evaluation criteria.
The bottom line is that each participant should go
back not as a dejected but as a motivated, intellectually richer and more confident child. The
child may not have succeeded in his effort to find
proper solution to the chosen problem but his effort to analyze the problem, formulate the hypothesis, collect data and its analysis for drawing the
inference should be logical.

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The expression of innovativeness and talent used,

his mental and physical skills to scientifically solve
an issue bothering him/her, needs proper recognition and guidance from experts working in those
areas

The oral presentation is to basically judge the

real value of the project and the child
scientists comprehension of the work done.
The attributes to be marked for are given in
the annexure. Some times the contribution
is more from the guide and other people. The
oral presentation gives an opportunity to check
that. The weight given to oratory is not much,
though, obviously, the one with better communication skill conveys his ideas better.

In the national event the child scientist is allowed to use OHP, Slide projector and Tape recorder which will be provided at the hall. No
computer or Video presentation are allowed.

Normally not more than 5 colour photographs

are encouraged. You may not deduct marks if
some one uses too many, while one could do
with less but may convey the undesirability of
the same if you feel it was not necessary.

They shouldnt use expensive things in making the models, etc., unless absolutely essential. Please remember that we are not checking their material resourcefulness. We dont
prefer one over the other if shown a laser
printed file and legible hand-written file.

It will be appreciated if the child scientist is

not disturbed during presentation unless absolutely essential. The question-answer session should be kept at the end. The children/
young scientists present should ask questions
first. The same person should not be allowed
to dominate the questioning. Other adults
present should not be allowed to ask questions.

Judges should ask questions to help them

evaluate the attributes specified and should
in no way be intimidating. They should be
friendly in manners to bring out the best in
the child. Many of the child scientists may be
coming from remote place with little exposure
and may feel nervous.

Immaterial of how badly (if so) the child has

done, there must be something good in the
project to be spoken of by the judges at the end.
Then you may point out the lacunae or make
suggestions. The idea is that the child should
go back satisfied that he received attention
which his hard work deserved and also some
feedback.

2. For deciding the eligibility of participation in

Childrens Science. Congress the following has to
be kept in mind:

Both school-going as well as non-school-going

children are eligible to participate.
The participation ratio of 1:1 of lower age group
/ (10 years to 14 years to upper age group
(above 14 years and up to 17 years as on 31
December, 2011) is encouraged.
Students should not have passed class 12th.
A group can have up to 5 team members.
Whether a group is in junior (between 10 & 14
years) or senior (between 14 & 17 years) category is decided by the age of the oldest student of the group. Only one member (group
leader) is eligible to represent the group and
make presentation. Others can provide assistance in the presentation.
No child scientist, as team leader, can represent more than once in the Dist., State, National level CSC.
In case of any dispute it may be referred to the
National Coordinator (Acad.) and to the Registration committee.

3. Theme and Sub themes: The activities taken

up by the children should fall within the theme or
subtheme defined for the year. A copy of the Activity Guide should be provided to you. In case
you do not get one please ask district / state
coordinator for the same.
4. Presentation:
Each group will make an oral presentation and also
submit a project report. The students are encouraged to submit neatly hand written project reports
and present their findings in their mother tongue.
The abstract can only be in English or Hindi.
4.1 Oral Presentation:
The oral presentation should finish within 6 to 8
minutes to be followed by question-answer session
for 2 minutes. Each panel may have 3 judges.

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4.2 About the File (Project Report):

REPORT LENGTH - The report of junior children
( 10 to 14 years) is allowed to be within 2000 words
and that of the senior ones (Above 14 to 17 years)
within 3500 words. They are allowed to write and
speak in any language listed in the Constitution.
The group is required to prepare an account of
their work and submit it. Different judges
(at least 2) will evaluate each report independently.
They may call the child scientist for discussion if
they wish. The child may present the project orally
and then proceed for discussion with the other set
of judges. For this, it is essential that list of child
scientists and copies of projects should have been
made available in those rooms. If you do not find
them please ask the evaluation committee convener or me rapporteur attached to the room for
a.-ranging these. Its the quality of work and not
the paraphernalia which matters. When you assign marks for presentation it is not the quality of
typing which is a function of material resources
but neatness (which is also possible with neat
handwriting) and style of presentation rather than
the quality of paper. file cover or number of colour
photographs.
5. The evaluation criteria - The projects presented by the child scientists are to be judged in
2 forms - oral presentation and file. The evaluation will be based on several considerations. At
the national level there is no competition. Instead
the child scientists will be provided a citation which
summarises the standard of their projects under
different heading (in some cases judges may like
to point out if the work may be extended further if
it has sufficient potential). At the district and state
level selection of the best projects for the higher
level congress becomes necessary. The basic elements which should be taken care of are as follows:

Quantum of Work done

a) Amount of documentation / Data Collection
b) Efforts put in testing /experimenting
c) Meaningful conclusions drawn

Quality of Data / information - originality/ innovation in

a)

Approach to problem

b)

Innovative element in experimenting/

testing / model or chart

c)

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Originality shown in implementation of conclusions or popularizing the results

Oral Presentation: language, clarity of expression and ideas

File: Neatness, Clarity, quality of file, log book

o Also, there may be comments on -Scope for
further work and Overall grading. The points
scored against in each attribute will be cumulated.

6. Special Task - We wish to have a record of any

major highlights presented by the child scientists.
This will be useful not only for record but for several other purposes. So please ask the organizers
to provide you with one sharp person who will keep
a record of such points during the session. A special orientation with judges is held usually before
the CSC.
GUIDELINES FOR MARKING
Given below are the attributes which are important for evaluating a research presentation. The
weightage given to them is to give an idea of their
inter se importance. For example while marking
for project selection, you do not have to mark for
relevance to focal theme, local relevance, problem
analysis etc. separately but please keep in mind
that originality of idea and local relevance of the
selected problem weigh more than problem selection or its relation to the focal theme. These guidelines are being used at national level. It will be
appreciated that marking on similar lines is done
at district and state level so that quality projects
reach at national level and National Childrens
Science Congress becomes a forum of creative,
talented budding scientists.

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Common Evaluation Criteria

1.

2.

3.

4.

Maximum Marks

Originality / relevance of the project idea

Relevance to focal theme
Local relevance
Problem selection
Originality of the idea

10

Presentation
Project Title Formation
Abstract well written
Problem definition & hypothesis
Relevant (limited) photographs
Logically structured project report
Data presented graphically
(charts, bars, graphs)
Visual aids used properly
Clarity of presentation
Questions answered adequately

15

Scientific understanding of the issue

Identification and understanding of
core problem / research questions
Logic adopted in the study confrom to
scientific principles

15

Data Collection & Analysis

15

(A)

2
3
2
3

1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
3

5
10

Data Collection
10
(i) Survey based data
a. Adequate sample size (>50)
b. Adequate no. of questions. (>20)
c. Questions well designed
d. Questionnaire contains full names
& address of interviewers
e. Questionnaire records the local,
time, situations
OR
(ii) Observation based data
a. Maintained proper records, logbooks
b. Data collected on regular task
c. Date, time, place etc. recorded
d. Method & accuracy of data recording

2
2
2
2
2

3
2
2
3

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(B)

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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Data Analysis
a. Categorisation/Classification/
Tabulation structure
b. Sufficient data & correct analysis

Experimentation/ Scientific study /Validation

a. Data tested/compared with other knowledge
b. Any experiment designed & performed
c. Innovation in experiment/measurement
d. Efforts to quantify

15

Problem solving attempt

(for district level CSC projects only)
a. Only suggestion or corrective effort done
b. Understood the social connection of the
Scientific problem chosen
c. Rational selection of scale of effort
d. Implementation effort documented

3
2

3
3
4
5

10
3
3
2
2

Problem solving attempt and followup

(for State and National level CSC projects only)
10
a. Findings of scientific solution
b. Has the message convinced to the community?
c. Involved others in solving the problem
d. Suggested action plan

3
2
2
3

Team Work
e. Proper credit given to team members
f. Help taken & credit given to teacher(s)
g. Cooperation with others & acknowledgement
h. Presenting persistently as I did/We did

3
3
2
2

Back ground correction

(for District level CSC projects only)
a. From big city/small town/village
b. Type of Schools
c. Language/communication factors
d. Economic/social status

10

10

Improvement from previous level

(for State and National Level only)
10
a. Improvements on work done from
district to state level as well as for National level

2
3
2
3

10

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