Course Title: Business Ethics Course Code: BUS224 Assignment on Ethical Expectation in different group

Submitted to: MFT Lecturer of BBA Department ASA University Bangladesh

Submitted by: RabyaKhatun Shahajadasyeem SayedKutub Shah 073-12-0051 073-12-0042 073-12-0059

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Et i l Expect ti n in Di erent Group Et ical expectation of Employers and Employees Employers to Employees Employees to Employers Et ical responsi ility of employees and employer Employer's Responsi ility Employee's Responsi ility Et ical Expectations Buyers & Sellers Customer or buyer Consumers ri ts Consumers Social responsibility Sellers Ri ts in business Sellers responsibility Conclusion Recommendation

Introduction Et ics is t e concept of morals, ones ability to choose between ri ht and wrong, good and bad, acceptable and unacceptable.The concept of Business Ethics has come to mean various things to various people. Velasquez (2009) identified business ethics as a specialized study of moral right and wrong; whereas Garrett (1970) defined business ethics as the relationship of business goals and techniques to specifically human ends. It studies the impacts of acts on the good of the individual, the firm, the business community, and society as a whole.Number of people who make their consumption decisions on the basis of ethical values or expectations, such as environmentally friendly products and production methods, labor standards (wage rates and working conditions), and human rights are increasing day by day. There are many motivations for ethical business practice, but the apparent demand from employer and employee or ethical seller and consumers are the main. Many businesses adopt ethical practices because this is what they believe the consumer wants. Indeed there is growing evidence that consumers are becoming more discerning as a result of changing tastes and expectations. The globalization of food sourcing and foreign travel has resulted in more adventurous consumers, and also consumers who ask more questions about the source of their food. Moreover, there is little information about what makes ethical consumers behave as they do or they expect to do. This paper discusses current knowledge on ethical expectation of buyer or consumers, sellers, employees employer and identifies issues that may be useful in understanding ethical behavior and expectations of consumers. The study aims at identifying the ethical expectations of consumers,sellers, and employees employer from business. Hereto identify the expectations of consumers from business in case of taking consumption decisions,

Ethical E

ectation in Di erent Group:

Ethics and ethical behavior are issues which are increasingly being focused on the business community today. People are becoming more concerned about what is actually happening in business organizations in the name of competition, growth, and profitability. Organizations are crossing the red zone of ethics and ethical behaviors. A growing number of organizations are constantly surveying and evaluating the unethical practice in business organizations worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to examine the ethical expectation and how to implement those ethical practices in business organizations. It is empirically proved that ethical practices in business organizations help to create favorable relationships with other organizations and can also establish long-term positive relationships with existing and potential future seller and customers. In ethical environment different types of group are work in an organization. Every people have expectation from each other. Or an organization every persons expectations are highly from each other. Like as an employee expectation from employer or as director from a manager. These are internal relation in organizations. External relations with organization are supplier or buyer or buyer expectation from seller and seller expectation from buyer. When we work in this assignment we find different types of group in ethical expectation. Those are: 1. Directors and managers expectations. 2. Employees and employers expectations. 3. Buyers and sellers expectations. But in these groups most important groups are Employees and employers expectations or Buyers and sellers expectations. Basically we focus those groups expectations.

Ethical expectation of Employers and Employees When employers start a business (or open a branch of an existing business), they require employees to produce, administer, organize, publicize, sell, transport, maintain, repair, etc. They advertise job openings, conduct interviews, and hire individuals based on qualifications, requirements and wages. They usually provide training to newly-hired employees and make them aware of the company's policies, rules and goals. They assign tasks according to the job positions and employee profiles, and may offer vacations, health insurance coverage, workers compensation, and other benefits. But one day, sooner or later, the employer may serve an employee the dreaded pink slip, and terminate his/her employment without any valid reason or cause. The employee becomes an ex-employee and, usually but not always, is eligible for unemployment insurance. And his/her employment process begins again. From the beginning of the employment to the end, the employee may have been treated unlawfully, discriminated against, harassed, denied his/her due wages or benefits, made to work in unsafe conditions, or wrongfully terminated. The relation of workers to others, and to their tools, is an area difficult to quantify. We can speak of cordial and less cordial relations, competitive and cooperative, supportive and destructive ones .We can also speak of arrangements that produce certain types of relations - hierarchical as opposed to collegia1!, arbitrary as opposed to rule-governed. We can further speak of treating people with respect or treating them like things, and this can be pacified in greater detail. These are relations based on attitudes.

Expectations to and from Employers & Employees A number of traditional expectations from both the employers from the employees and the also employees from the employers are listed in the table presented hereunder: Employers to Employees
y y y y

Regular & timely attendance to the workplace. Efficient / skillful work attempts with a sense of belongingness. Quality performance with least rejections. Protection of organization's property from theft, misappropriation, overuse, or reckless use or unauthorized personal or family use.

y y y y

Maximum utilization of working hours-honestly & efficiently. Upheld organization's goodwill. Organization's interests to-be ordered before personal interests. Maintain organization's trade secrets of any costs by piracy, espionage in spite of persuasions by the outside forces including competitors

y y y

Work should be accomplished to best interest of the company. Refrain from heavy drinking, heavy gambling in the work place. Adequate notice be served before leaving the job so that measures can be attempted either to meet the grievances what made him leave the job or at leasi to find rightful replacement in time.

Work accomplishment should not be harmful, or injurious to the fellow workers / employees.

Avoid loose talks, political talks, very personal or .family gossiping in the offices / factory premises.

Takes no bribes, extortion & gifts in violation of fiduciary relationship with the employers.

Refrain from any type of insider trading, information selling and the like.

Employees to Employers
y

Provision of satisfactory working conditions-safety, and security-health and hygiene regular cleaning work place-disposal of waste and effluents-ventilation-proper lighting-proper seating and lay out-control of temperature avoiding overcrowding

arrangement of drinking water facilities-arrangement of latrines, urinals and spittoonsfencing of machinery and inflammable chemicals-protection from moving machinesone site emergency control measures-disaster control measures-protection from hazardous substances inside the factory premises and their disposal outsets-maintain health/medical records of the workers who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances which are manufactured, stored, handled and transported, and make such records accessible to the workers-conform to the maximum permissible threshold limits of exposure of chemicals or toxic substances in manufacturing processes.
y

Fair Wage & reasonable hour provisions. Fair compensation: Salary & wage structure should permit to lead the employees healthful& contented life styles. Fair wages to be decided on consideration of [a] the productivity of employee, [b] the prevailing rates of wages which is considered "just" in the industry in the same or the neighboring areas, [c] The adequacy of the workers income in. Terms of minimum standards of living , [d] the concrete possibility of helping the workers/ employees to a more adequate income, [e] Level of national income and its distributions, and [f] The place of the industry in the national economy. Fair wage should ensure equity. It is expected that the spread between minimum wages and highest salaries should be reasonable and the maximum remuneration should have a ceiling depending on the nature and volume of business, productivity, capacity, etc.

Unions & Unionization: Workers be permitted to band together for the purpose of bargaining with their employers on matters of wages, hours of work, and other conditions of work/ employment. Representatives of the unions should be entitled to a voice in desired business decisions.

Must not be ordered/ persuaded/ forced for any illegal/ anti-state/ immoral/ unethical involvement for actions inside or outside the work place.

Equal opportunities: Minorities & disadvantaged ones should be treated justifiably. Adequate benefits in terms of needs & comparable benefits j provided in others firms of the same industry

Medical facilities for employee and their family members, : maternity benefits, protection against ill health [prevent L measures] health insurance, etc.

Right to free speech and to privacy. It used to that employees, like children, were supposed to be seen but not heard. Currently, most employees expect to be able to say what they think about their jobs and companies without reprisals being taken against them. Then there is the matter of employee records. Employees want to know what is kept in their files and they do not want unauthorized people looking at them. There are number of companies in the western world who allow their employees access in their personal files to see that the information contained is correct.

y y y

Right to information about what is going on in the organization Right to want the managers to be responsive to their j problems and complaints Adequate care be taken of the retired/ superannuated employees

Ethical responsibility of employees and employer Employer's Responsibility Both of the groups have some responsibility. Irt of all we point out some responsibility of employer. Employers are required to ensure that their plant and
substances are in a safe condition and that their systems of work and the working environment are safe. They must:

The employer can offer the employee a job identical to their current job or a job with similar skills. The job must have similar pay, conditions and skill requirements.
y The employer must draw up a plan to decide who will be kept on and who will

be made redundant and why.

y The employee should be given a couple of days to respond after being told. y The employer should consider any views or opinions expressed by the

employee.
y

Both the employer and employee should consider any alternative work that the employee could do or any ways in which the employee could stay in their current job.

Obtain up-to-date Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) from their suppliers of hazardous substances and ensure that this information is available to workers.
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y y

Keep a register of all hazardous substances. Ensure that all chemical storage containers are suitable for the substance they contain and are correctly stored and labeled.

Provide information, instruction and training to employees or contractors who could be exposed to hazardous substances.

y y

Monitor exposure levels and provide health surveillance where necessary. Assess and control all risks to employees or other persons who could be exposed to hazardous substances.

Maintain records of all risk assessment reports, instruction and training associated with hazardous substances.

Advice the local emergency service organization about storage, location and quantities of any hazardous or dangerous substances kept on-site.

You'll find more information on staff training and risk control in The answer section.

Employees responsibility: Employees must cooperate with their employers in the action taken to comply with the Act or Regulations. In particular, they should use or apply control measures as required and should cooperate with assessments, training programs and other action taken to protect health and safety. Employees who become aware of any situation or incident that could be a source of danger to themselves or any other person must act immediately to protect their health and safety, and report the matter to the employer or relevant health and safety representative.  Work safely to protect themselves and others from injury. For example, they must not:
y y y

Move or deface signs Tamper with machine guards Behave in a way that puts others at risk.

 Report any workplace hazards. Everyonein the workplace shares this responsibility equally.  Obey all health and safety procedures,including correctly wearing all

personalprotective equipment provided.

 Report any workplace injury,

illness ornear misses. It is important to

notifysupervisors or employers of all injuries, nomatter how insignificant they seem.  Get to know emergency procedures/ andthe location of the first aid kit.  Ask questions to check or clarify anyissues relating to previous training, tasksor any issue that may affect safety in theworkplace. Ethical Expectations: Buyers & Sellers Sellers whether producers or distributors cannot arrange to sell their products/ services in order earn profit without reaching the buyers. On the other hand, buyers in order to satisfy various kinds of their needs either to keep their existence or to raise their living standards always look for some products/ services which they cannot manage to procure without the services of the sellers whether they are , producers or distributors. Buyers and sellers are like two teams of a game, fighting one with the other to win but the absence of one of the teams make the play/ game impossible & unthinkable. It is, therefore, not only a healthy sign but an essential task to care for the interest of opponent group in order to protect their own interest and existence. Until the first quarter of the 20* Century sellers maintained their supremacy by whatever means they could but since then buyers have been keeping them organized to protect their interests, hence appears consumerism. Consumers are beginning to emerge as a powerful pluralistic social institution. As the nation has become industrialized, as products have become more complex, and distances between consumer and producer have increased, consumers are forced to depend on producers more than ever before for product reliability and for truthful product information upon which to base purchasing decisions. Business has not always responded well to consumer's needs and wants. As a result there has been an increasing amount of restrictive legislation. Courts, too, have become progressively stricter in requiring producers to assume responsibility for product failure. All in all the consumer movement poses a challenge for business: a challenge to become more consumer-oriented, and a challenge to "do better" The producer so to say the sellers must maximize the customers' satisfaction in order to make repeat customers. The old doctrine of buyers care while buying has been changed over time as sellers care. That means sellers must not sell unreliable, unsafe and injurious products and price to be charged should not also be too high.

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Customer or buyer: A customer (also known as a client, buyer, or purchaser) is usually used to refer to a current or potential buyer or user of the products of an individual or organization, called the supplier, seller, or vendor. This is typically through purchasing or renting goods or services. However, in certain contexts, the term customer also includes by extension any entity that uses or experiences the services of another. A customer may also be a viewer of the product or service that is being sold despite deciding not to buy them. The general distinction between a customer and a client is that a customer purchases products, whereas a client purchas es services. Customer is two types: 1. External Customer 2. Internal Customer Ethics and external customers External customers are not a part of an organization, but they greatly influence the organizations activities. External customers can be defined as the ones who purchase, use and influence the sale of products or services of a company. Perception of external customers is very important to the organization. The interest in business ethics, corporate governance, sustainable business practice, and integrity has grown markedly in the past decades. As a number of unethical business practices have been reported in newspapers and these scandals are reducing the confidence level of not only the shareholder but also other stakeholders; ethical practices have become the most significant solution to the problem. Ethical practices help organizations create values in business practices. Ethics and internal customers Internal customers means the employees of the organization: for example, employees from other departments are considered as internal customers, they break down departmental barriers. Fundamentally, an internal customer is anyone we count on or rely upon to complete a task or a function or to provide us with information so that we can get our job done, and anyone who counts on us to complete a task or function or to provide them with information so that they can get their job done. Employee satisfaction is one of the key elements to be a successful organization in the modern market. Employee dissatisfaction leads to employee
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turnover, absenteeism, and affects employee motivation which in turn affects the quality of the work. Organizational ethics can help to enhance job satisfaction and organizational commitment, which can in turn reduce absenteeism and turnover. It is not only the stakeholders who expect companies to pay greater attention to norms, values, and principles but companies themselves are also acknowledging the importance of responsible business practices. Ethical values would suggest something much more than a legal minimum, the management behaviors would be more subtle than those required by the law. Employees who feel a strong alignment with the organizations values and know that they are supported can react with strong motivation and performance which is crucial to customer approval. Consumers rights: After buying Customers is consumer. Because after certain time when buyers are buy something from seller then anyone uses that thing.Customer or consumers has some right when they buy a product.A good example of a consumer right, is the right to a refund or exchange should an item fault be faulty or of un-satisfactory quality, on food and drink items for example if any person read the back of the packet or bottle give anyone will normally see a little bit labeled something like not satisfied? write to us at it normally lists an address and some instructions as to what you should do if the quality of the item is not as it should be, usually when returning an item of this sort you will receive a refund of your money or vouchers for the same product in the post. A. Major Rights of Consumers Consumer advocates claim that the balance of power lies with sellers and that business has failed to exercise responsively the massive power it has. A key reason for the imbalance of power is that consumers today arc more dependent on business for product quality than ever before. The rights of the consumers if could be adequately honored by the sellers, the position would have been better However, the major rights of consumers include: The Right to Safety: The right implies protection against the marketing of good which are hazardous and harmful to health or life. Such a right has motivated numerous laws to protect consumers when they cannot be expected to have sufficient knowledge to protect them. Thus, laws pertaining to foods, textiles, drugs, cosmetics and tires demand that the products not endanger health or health or safety and that if the potential exists. For dangerous misuse a clear warning is provided. These developments in product liability law set the general
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framework within which manufacturers must operate today. In addition, a number of government agencies have become involved in regulating product safety. Despite the obvious public benefits of safety regulations, critics worry about the economic costs In regard to safety regulations, three comments are in order: [A] The safety of some products or some features of products (such as a car's breaks)

affects not just the consumer who purchases the product but third parties as well. [B] Anti-paternalism gains plausibility forms the view that individuals know their own

interests better than anyone else and that they are fully informed and able to advance those interests. [C] The controversy over legal paternalism pits the values of individual freedom and

autonomy against social welfare. Right to Product Quality Most people would agree- that business bears a general responsibility to ensure that the quality of a product measures up to the claims made about it and to reasonable consumer expectations. Right to be informed: The right to be informed is a fundamental economic interest of the consumer. There is wide agreement that this right implies at a minimum that the consumer should not be deceived. Just what constitutes deception is more controversial and fluid. Right to choose: The major effort is directed at increasing the number of competitors and insuring that competitors do not have understandings that are detrimental to the long-run interests. Increasing attention is being paid to the economic role of advertising, especially its potential for raising prices, profits, and barriers to entry, which can reduce the range of choice. Right to be heard: The rights to heard involves an assurance that consumer interest will be considered in the formulation of government policy and in regulatory proceedings. The difficulty is that the consumer movement is relatively amorphous and lacks the authoritative spokesmen that labor, business, medicine, education, and other interest groups have. The right to redress: Is now generally accepted that there is a fifth right to recourse and redress, that is, to fair just claims. A variety of innovations, including free legal services for
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the poor, consumer class action suits and arbitration procedures have substantially enhanced this right. The right to consumer education: This right incorporates the right to acquire knowledge and skills needed for taking actions to influence factors which affect consumer decision, The right to a healthy environment: The list of consumer rights has been further expanded to include the right to a physical environment that will enhance the quality of life. Indeed, consumerism has been defined broadly as an organized expression for an improved quality of life. There other areas of business responsibility - product quality, pricing, and packaging and labeling -are equally important and taken equally seriously by the agents of consumer movement. Product Desirability: The demand for high-quality products is closely related to a number of themes mentioned in the discussion of safety. The moral concern, of course, is whether a product lives up to its billing. Express warranties include assertions about the product's character, assurances of product durability, and other statements on warranty cards, labels, wrappers, and packages or in the advertising of the product. Implied warranties include the claitn, implicit in any sale, that a product is fit for its ordinary, intended use. The law calls this the implied Warranty of merchantability. Other facilities: [a] More effective quality control procedures be established by manufactures, [b] Improved communication methods be developed at all marketing levels, [c] Pricing strategy be set on a unit basis to allow the consumer to make more realistic comparisons, [d] Manufactures take the initiative in setting standards for safety, service, and certification, [e] Better procedures be instituted whereby customer-seller-manufacturer complains can be handled [f] Warranties for products be simplified and the distribution link closest to the consumer be given greater autonomy in rendering the service these warranties. Another type of consumer expectation in business, which are not maintain effectively in ethical environment.

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Consumers Social responsibility Corporate social responsibility is a concept whereby organizations consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. This obligation is seen to extend beyond the statutory obligation to comply with legislation and sees organizations voluntarily taking further steps to improve the quality of life for employees and their families as well as for the local community and society at large. There are four kinds of social responsibility: legal, ethical, economic and philanthropic. Consumerism Consumerism is a tool for social change. This concept is being used by some stakeholders as a force for social change, based on the theory Ethical consumerism

Positive ethical purchase behavior Buying goods with ethical

Negative ethical purchase behaviors Boycotts, avoiding goods with unethical characteristics Figure: Types of ethical consumerism

Consumer action Lobbying, Direct action etc

That company makes decisions on the basis of consumer demand. This logic is evidently constrained by the huge power of large companies which influence, if not create, consumer demand through advertising and branding. However, consumer power may be used to ensure that companies are accountable to society, ordinary citizens in their role as consumers can make companies accountable. Co-operative consumption Sharing of costs in case of consumption of any product is becoming an increasingly popular concept. Fractional ownership allows people to enjoy many benefits at a reduced price. This concept allows the consumers to divide their choice among homogeneous people and share the benefit proportionately. Online social networking, right to access in product related information are making consumers more aware of sharing just about everything.
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Exaggeration in advertisement The act of exaggerating or overstating in making marketing effort by the producers and marketers are allowed in advertising to use wildly exaggerated, fanciful or vague claims for a product or service because they believe that nobody could possibly treat the claims seriously or be misled by them. This practice is being widely adopted all over the world and possibly making serious harm or at least cheating to the consumers. The consequence of the government decision demonstrate that although consumers are able to identify exaggerated claims as less credible than factual claims, their brand evaluations are inflated after exposure to exaggerated claims. The explanation is that during the process of comprehension, claims are accepted before being discredited. The temporary acceptance of the claim affects memory, even after the claim is understood as an exaggeration. Product safety Product safety is the right to be protected against the marketing of goods which are hazardous and harmful to health or life. Such a right has motivated numerous laws to protect consumers when they cannot be expected to have sufficient knowledge to protect them. Thus, laws pertaining to foods, textiles, drugs, cosmetics and tires demand that the products will not endanger health or safety of consumers. Deceptive packaging Deceptive packaging is the creation of an impression that the enclosed material is more than what it really is, in terms of either quantity or quality. This is intended to deceive the purchaser and ultimately nothing but the malpractice in business. Major functions of a packaging are providing accurate information and enticing someone to buy the product. On the one hand consumers are motivated to buy the product on the basis of packaging and on the other hand they are in doubt whether this product is good for them or not.

Sellers Rights in business:

Sellers acting as distributors of products/services are rendering beneficial acts to the general members of the public who are popularly known as consumers. But these groups of people while rendering such services enjoy some rights of market power as under: 1. Sellers have the right to introduce any buying incentive schemes they wish so long as they are not discriminatory.
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2. Sellers have the right to introduce any product in any size, style, color, etc. so long as it meets minimum requirements of health and safety. 3. Sellers have the right to promote the product as they please as long as they avoid discriminations which are harmful to competition. 4. Sellers have the right to promote the product using any amount of resources, media, or message so long as no deception or fraud is involved. 5. Sellers have the right to alter the product offering at any time. 6. Sellers have the right to distribute the product in any reasonable manner. 7. Sellers have the right to limit the product guarantee or post-sale services.

The above list in not exhaustive but it serves to illustrate the relatively greater power of sellers and theneed to balance the rights and power of buyers and sellers. Sellers responsibility: Sellers have some responsibility in ethical environment. Those responsibilities are based on their organization or their workplace.In some states, disclosure of defects is required as a statement provided by the seller. Any defects that the property has, or any personal situation, property encumbrance or neighborhood problem that affects the value of the home must be disclosed. Disclosure can cover maintenance items such as the roof needs repairing over the third bedroom, southern corner to garage door opener is missing. Other items for disclosure could include anything from a death that took place in the home, to airplane noise overhead, to zoning law changes in the neighborhood that could affect traffic, noise or values in another way. Some areas that are important to cover in disclosure are who owns title to the home, environmental influences, structural aspects, mechanical features, and plumbing. Other disclosures could include broken locks, stains on carpets, and past pest

infestations.Wheresellers' eyeballs really begin to spin is answering questions regarding settling, flooding, soil conditions and hazardous substances. Many of these questions can be answered by having the home inspected prior to putting the home on the market. it will give the seller a better idea of the repairs needed to put the home in better marketing condition..

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Conclusion: Ethic is a conception of right and wrong conduct. Ethics tell us when our behavior is moral and when it is immoral. Ethics deals with fundament human relationship how we think and behave toward others and how we want them to think and behave toward others and how we want them to think and behave toward us. Ethical principles are guides to moral behavior. Many companies are concerned about issues and many are trying to develop approaches for improving their ethics. Businesses have adopted a written code of ethics, which defines the values and principles that should be used to guide decisions. For example, in most society lying, stealing, deceiving and harming others are considered to be unethical and immoral. Honesty keeping promises, helping others, and respecting the right of others are considered to be ethically and morally desirable behavior. Such basic rules of behavior are essential for the preservation and continuation of organized life everywhere. This paper has identified that ethical practices and the proper implementation of ethical practices and expectations are very important for organizational goodwill. It is also noticeable that an ethical organizations employees are more satisfied and loyal to the company than those of an unethical one. With strong ethical enforcement, companies can build long term profitable relationships with their stakeholders. On the other hand, a good number of cases of unethical practices are being reported each year all over the world. The reason might be the wrong implementation and communication of ethical standards. By nature, human beings are greedy. So it is not possible to completely remove unethical practices. But it can be minimized through continuous reminders.

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Recommendation:

In the present business atmosphere, there are some organizations that are ethical and in some organizations ethics are not practiced as rationally expected. Despite this type of mixed attitude towards business ethics, it can be said that ethical trend will change an organizations internal and external reputation. In future, ethical considerations will move from individual awareness to organizational practice for the purpose of better business strategy. It is significant to have a code of business ethics for each and every company and the corporate managers must adopt appropriate means to implement the contents of that code of business ethics. There should have adequate emphasis on the implementation of the code of business ethics in business organizations. To have a proper code of business ethics and to undertake effective method of implementing business ethics can ensure success in the business organization as well as to the society where it operates. Proper implementation of business ethics can ensure satisfaction of all stakeholders of the business organization. It is the ultimate desire of all stakeholders of a business organization that it will implement its code of business ethics in the true sense. Future research may be conducted in this area as this is a significant area of business environment.

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Reference:
y

y y y y y

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://teenadviceblog.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/04/consumer_rights.gif&imgrefurl=http://teenadviceblog.com/t een-consumer http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3021.pdf http://www.mypersonnelfile.com/termination/employer-and-employee-relationship http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/EducationAndTraining/HazardManage ment/Chemicals/TheLaw/chemLawResp.htm http://www.landmarksettlements.com.au/

http://realtytimes.com/rtpages/19990204_selleresponsiblity.htm

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