English 05

July 15, 2011

CARGO PROTECTION STEPS ON CARGO HANDLING OPERATION Group 2 : BSMT-NS 3 Bravo

1.) Preparations And Precautionary Measures During Hold/Tank Cleaning or Loading. - Before the ship can load her next cargo, the cargo hold/tanks must be adequately cleaned. The degree of cleanliness will depend on the nature of both, the previous cargo and the next cargo. In consultation with the master, the chief officer will decide what sort of cleaning needs to be done, and by whom. It is a good practice to always keep all cargo/tank compartments clean as possible, even if this is not required for the next cargo, though often time available limits the thoroughness of the cleaning. 2.) Hold/Tank Cleaning Serves A Numbers Of Purposes, suc as: - Facilitating inspection of the ship s structure, - Preventing contamination of subsequent cargoes. in order to see clearly the damage part. - Removing source of combustion - Preventing the development of unsanitary conditions. - Promoting the free flow of moisture towards bilges or wells 3.) Tank Inspection Before Loading. - Before cargo loading, the tank will be inspected by the surveyor with the attendance of a deck officer. Visual inspection will be carried out on hatch openings, inside tanks, cargo manifold, wall washing, drain cocks and sample cocks by opening and closing them. 4.) Crude Oil Washing Offers The Following Advantages Over Water Washing Cargo Tanks: - Reduction in pollution potential - Less time required in subsequent tank cleaning - Increased cargo outturn - Less time needed to prepare a tank for repairs in dry dock - Less dead freight - Less corrosion because of less water washing 5.) Dedicated Clean Ballast Tanks. - With crude oil washing the use of clean ballast cleaning is a measure aimed at reducing the generation of oil water mixtures. It must be practiced on oil tankers without SBT, which carry oils other than crude oil and hence are unable to carry out COW. In principle, an oil tanker with CBT is the same as a SBT tanker. Because it carries its ballast water in tanks designated for that purpose, there is no need to change the ballast while underway to the loading port. The capacity and distribution of the tanks should ensure that no additional ballast is needed on most occasions, and their location in the ship s side (where possible) should offer some degree of protection against pollution arising from collision damage. In accordance with the requirements of MARPOL 73/78. CBT may be used as an alternative SBT on product tankers of 40,000 tons deadweight and above built before 1980. 6.) Tank Cleaning. - The oxygen content in the tank atmosphere should always be checked before any tank cleaning is started. No thank cleaning, either with the cargo oil, COW or with water, should be started unless the oxygen content is 8% by volume or less measured in the tanks. For tankers with crude oil washing system the following procedure is to be complied with: before each tank is crude oil washed, the oxygen shall be determined at a point 1 meter from the deck and at the middle region of the ullage space and neither of these determinations shall exceed 8% by volume. Where tanks have complete or partial wash bulkheads, the determination should be taken from similar levels in each section of the tank. The oxygen level of the inert gas being delivered during the washing process shall be continuously monitored. If during crude oil washing the oxygen level of the inert gas being delivered exceeds 8% by volume of the pressure of the atmosphere at the tanks is no longer positive, and then the washing must be stopped until satisfactory conditions are restored. 7.) Stowage And Securing Of Dangerous/Hazardous Harmful Cargoes. - All cargoes should be stowed and secured in a manner that will avoid exposing the ship and persons on board to unnecessary risk. The safe stowage and securing of cargo depends upon proper planning, execution and supervision, by properly qualified and experienced personnel.

8.) Safety Procedures And Guidelines should also be practice and followed: - One officer assigned to oversee the initial - Periodic inspection of lashes for ware or deterioration. loading and lashing. - All lashing should be completed before leaving - Periodic overhaul of lashes including reproof loading. This can leaving port. be accomplished with a swing set of lashes for a group vessels. - Periodic inspection and re-tensioning of lashes as required during voyage.