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Sensor Suara

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Detektor Logam

Proximity Switch
Detektor Non Logam

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Light Sensors
Photovoltaic
Photoconductive

A typical photodiode
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A light-dependent resistor (LDR)

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Photoelectric Switch
Reflektif

Separate

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Sensor Ultra Sonic

Transmiter 40 kHz

Sensor Ultra Sonic

Transmiter 40 kHz

Reciever

Reciever

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Ultrasonic sensor

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Force (daya)

Strain Gage ( Kawat tegang) tegang)

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Load Cell

Aplikasi loadcell

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Presure (Tekanan)

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Inductive Sensors
Primary Secondary Displacement Sensor

Inductive Sensors - LVDT

Linear Variable Differential Transformer

LVDT

Inductors and tranformers work only for ac signals

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LVDT

RVDT

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Temperature sensors
Resistive thermometers
platinum resistance thermometers or PRT)

Thermistors

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A typical PRT element STTNAS Yogyakarta

A sheathed PRT 39

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pn junctions
a semiconductor device with the properties of a diode (we will consider semiconductors and diodes later) inexpensive, linear and easy to use limited temperature range (perhaps -50C to 150 C) due to nature of semiconductor material
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Thermocouples
Seebeck Effect When a pair of dissimilar metals are joined at one end, and there is a temperature difference between the joined ends and the open ends, thermal emf is generated, which can be measured in the open ends. This forms the basis of thermocouples.

pn-junction sensor
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counting techniques

Inductive sensor

Opto-switch sensor

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Velocity Detector

DETEKTOR PUTARAN RODA

Detektor putaran roda menggunakan roda pencacah dan rangkaian opto-coupler optoPancaran sinar infra merah yang diterima oleh fototransistor, jika fototransistor, terhalang maka output bernilai tegangan 5 Volt ( logika 1 ), dan sebaliknya jika tidak terhalang maka output keluaran tegangan 0 Volt ( logika 0 ).

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Incremental position encoder

uses a single line that alternates black/white
two slightly offset sensors produce outputs as shown below detects motion in either direction, pulses are counted to determine absolute position (which must be initially reset)

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Encoders
Absolute position encoders
sensor is an array of photodiodes

Incremental position encoder

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Flow ( Aliran)

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