Joseph

John Thomson 18 December 1856 - 30 August 1940 an English physicist, the discoverer of the electron Born in Manchester, England One of his students was Ernest Rutherford, who would later succeed him in the post.

by the work of James Clerk Maxwell, and the discovery of the X-ray, he deduced that cathode rays existed of negatively charged particles, which he called "corpuscles", and which are now known as electrons. His discovery was made known in 1897, and caused a sensation in scientific circles, eventually resulting in his being awarded a Nobel prize (1906). Prior to the outbreak of World War I in 1918, he made another ground-breaking discovery: the isotope.
Influenced

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Investigate if the negative charge could be separated from the cathode rays by means of magnetism A cathode ray tube ending in a pair of cylinders with slits which are connected to an electrometer If the rays were magnetically bent such that they could not enter the slit, the electrometer registered little charge. As a result, the negative charge was inseparable from the rays. Failed because of trace amount of gases

Investigated if the rays could be deflected by an electric field A cathode ray tube with a practically perfect vacuum, and coated one end with phosphorescent paint Thomson found that the rays bend under the influence of an electric field, in a direction indicating a negative charge.

Wanted to see if the mass could be measured to charge ratio (mass divided by amount of charge). Measured how far the ray was deflected by a magnetic field He found that mass to charge ratio was over a thousand times lower than that of a hydrogen ion (H+), suggesting either that the particles were very light or very highly charged.

In the year 1896 he defined the connection of particles charge and its mass (q/m). Based on collector's mass, its specific heat and the heat gain, he could evaluated thermal energy. The total charge Q assembled on the collector one can evaluate knowing the charge of one particle q and a number of particles falling on the instrument n

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laureates/1906/thomson-bio.html http://www.websters-onlinedictionary.org/Th/Thomson.html

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