V

ng V nh Pht Ch

Ton cao c p ng I: Php tnh vi phn hm m t bi n

1.1. Hm s v gi i h n c a hm s : 1.1.1. Hm s : nh ngh a: Cho X l m t t p con c a t p s th c . M t hm s xc nh trn X l m t quy t c f t t ng ng m i i m x X v i m t gi tr duy nh t f(x) . K hi u: f : X p x a y ! (x) X c g i l t p xc nh c a hm s . . T ph p

_ (x) x Xa

c g i l t p gi tr c a hm s

th c a hm s : Cho hm s f c t p xc l th c a hm s . nh X. T p h p t t c cc i m x,

x v

i x

cg i

Hm s n i u: Cho hm s y = f(x) xc trn kho ng (a, b).

nh trn kho ng (a, b). x2 x2

N u x1 , x 2 a, b , x1 N u x1 , x 2 a, b , x1 trn kho ng (a, b).

x
1 1

x
2 2

th th

c g i l hm s t ng c g i l hm s gi m

x " x

Hm s ch n, hm s l : Cho hm s xc nh trn t p h p X. f f  x X x X c g i l hm s ch n n u f ( x) ! f (x)  x X x X c g i l hm s l n u f ( x) ! f (x)

V t a .

ng V nh Pht i x ng qua tr c Oy, cn

Ton cao c p th hm s l i x ng qua g c

th c a hm s ch n

1.1.2. Gi i h n c a hm s m t bi n: nh ngh a: Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh trn kho ng (a, b) c th tr ra i m

x 0 a, b . Ta ni hm s f(x) c gi i h n l A khi x ti n t i x 0 n u v i m i dy

_x a a, b \ _x a, lim x
n xp x0

Cc php ton v gi i h n: Cho f(x), g(x) l hai hm s c gi i h n khi x p x 0 . Khi : i) lim ?f (x) s g(x)A lim f (x) s lim g(x)
x p x0

x p x0

x p x0

ii) lim ?f (x)g(x) A lim f (x).lim g(x)

xp x0

xp x0

xp x0

xp x0

M t s gi i h n c b n: a) N u f(x) l m t hm s s c p v x0 thu c mi n xc
xp x0

x p g

xp0 

d) lim c c xp x
0

xp 0

e) lim

s inx x

c) lim ln x

 g, xlimg ln x p

lim f (x)

f x 0

b) lim e x x p g

g , lim e x

iv) lim ?f (x) A

f (x) iii) lim xp x g(x)

xp x0

lim f (x)
0

lim g(x) xp x
0

lim g(x) { 0
xp x0
xp x0

g(x)

lim f (x) xp x

lim g ( x )

0 g

x x0

K hi u: lim f x A I 0, H 0, 0

! x 0 ta

u c lim f x n ! A np g f (x) A I

nh c a n th:

ng V nh Pht


Ton cao c p

1 x

f) lim
xp0

ex 1 1 x
x

1 g) lim 1  e xp g x V d : Tnh cc gi i h n sau: a) lim e xp g Ta c: a) lim e  x xp g

2

 x2 2 x 1

 2 x 1

!0
1 sin x

b) lim 1  sinx ! lim 1  sinx xp g xp g c) lim xp 0

sin5x sin5x sin5x ! lim 5. ! 5lim ! 5.1 ! 5 xp0 x p0 x 5x 5x

1.2. V cng b, v cng l n: 1.2.1. V cng b: nh ngh a: Hm E x c g i l v cng b (VCB) khi x p x 0 n u lim E x ! 0 . xp x
0

Cho E x , F x l hai VCB khi x p x 0 . Gi s t n t i lim p

x x0

Tr

ng h p 1: N u A = 1 th E x , F x l hai VCB t ng h p 2: N u A

hi u: E x : F x khi x p x 0 . cng c p. Tr khi x p x 0 . K hi u: E x !



Tr

ng h p 3: N u A = 0 th VCB E x g i l c p cao h n VCB F x

b) lim 1  sinx xp g

1 x

c) lim xp 0

sin5x x

Gi i

sinx x

! lim 1  sinx xp g

1 sin x

xp g

lim

sinx x

!e

E x F x

!A ng ng. K

, A { 1, A { 0 th E x , F x l hai VCB

F x khi x p x

ng V nh Pht s inx ! 1 s inx : x khi x p 0 x

Ton cao c p

V d : Ta c: lim p
x 0

x2 ! 0 nn x 2 c p cao h n x. V d : Ta c: lim xp 0 x 1.2.2. V cng l n: nh ngh a: Hm E x g i l v cng l n ( VCL ) khi x p x 0 n u lim E x ! g

xp x0

D th y r ng n u E x l VCL th 1 l VCL E x { 0 E x

1 l VCB, ng E x

c l i n u E x l VCB th

Nh v y, vi c nghin c u cc VCL c th chuy n sang cc VCB. 1.3. Hm s m t bi n lin t c: nh ngh a: Cho hm s y = f(x) xc
xp x0

nh trn kho ng (a, b), x 0 a, b . Hm s f(x)

c g i l lin t c t i x0 n u lim f (x) ! f (x 0 ) . Tr ng h p lim f (x) ! f (x 0 ) th ta ni hm s

 xp x 0  xp x 0

lin t c bn tri t i

i m

x0, lim f (x) ! f (x 0 ) th ta ni hm s lin t c bn ph i t i i m x0. V y f lin t c t i x0 lim f (x) ! lim f (x) ! f (x 0 ) .
 xp x 0  xp x 0

N u hm s khng lin t c t i x0 th f
xp x 0

c g i l gin o n t i i m x0. V y f gin

xp x0

o n t i i m x0 khi khng t n t i lim f (x) ho c lim f (x) { f (x 0 ) nh l: Cho hm s f lin t c trn o n [a, b]. Khi : i) f b ch n trn f (x) e x ?a, b A


o n [a, b],

ngh a l t n t i s

M > 0 sao cho:

ii) f c gi tr l n nh t v gi tr nh nh t trn o n [a, b]. iii) c ?f (a), f (b)A, x 0 ?a, b A: f x 0 ! c iv) N u f(a).f(b) < 0 th t n t i x 0 ?a, b A: f (x 0 ) ! 0 v) 4

V 1.4.

ng V nh Pht o hm: 1.4.1. o hm c p m t v o hm c p cao:

Ton cao c p

nh ngh a: Cho hm s y = f(x) xc s lim (xp0 gia

(x .

nh trn kho ng (a, b), x 0 a, b . Cho x0 m t N u t n t i gi i h n

(y ! f x 0  (x  f (x 0 ) .

f x 0  (x  f (x 0 ) (y th gi i h n ny ! (lim0 xp (x (x y = f(x) t i i m x0. K hi u: f d 0 ! lim x Hm s c f x 0  (x  f (x 0 ) (y ! lim (xp0 (x ( x p 0 (x

c g i l

o hm c a hm s

o hm g i l hm kh vi. o hm c a hm s yd c g i l d d yd f d ! (x) T ng qut:

o hm c p hai c a hm s y = f(x). K hi u:

o hm c p n c a hm s y = f(x) l y n ! y n 1

1.4.2. ngh a hnh h c c a o hm: N u hm s y = f(x) c o hm t i i m x0 th ti p tuy n c a hm s t i i m

0

1.4.3. Cch tnh

o hm: ! c d 0 c ! const ! x d nx
n n 1

! a d a
x

.ln a

Cc

o hm c b n:

! ln x d

1 x 1 cos 2 x 5

! s inx d cosx ! tgx d

, f (x 0 ) c ph

ng trnh: y  y 0 ! f x 0 x  x 0

a { 1

x " 0
! cosx d s inx ! cotgx d  1 sin 2 x

ng V nh Pht Cc quy t c tnh o hm:

Ton cao c p

! cu d c.ud c ! const ! s u s v d ud vd ! v u uv d ud vd v u u d u d vd ! v2 v V d : Tnh

3

o hm c a cc hm s sau:
2

x2  x  1 a) y ! x  3x  1 b) y ! 2x  5

c) y ! x 2e x

d) y ! x.sinx

1.4.4. Vi phn c a hm m t bi n: nh ngh a: Hm f kh vi t i x0 n u v ch n u f c


0

o hm t i x0.

Vi phn c a hm y = f(x) l dy ! f d (x)dx Vi phn c p cao: N u hm s f c l: d n y ! f 

n

dy ! fd x dx o hm n c p n th vi phn c p n c a hm s f

x dx

V d : Cho hm s y ! x 3  2x  1 . Khi : dy ! 3x 2  2 dx , d 2 y ! 6xdx 2 1.5. ng d ng c a o hm v vi phn: nh trong tnh gi i h n:

1.5.1. Kh d ng v nh l: Quy t c LHospital N u lim

x p x0

N(x) (x) 0 g N(x) Nd ! lim c d ng ho c th lim xpx 0 g ] (x) x p x ]d ] (x) (x)

0

V d : g 2x 3  3x  3 a) Tnh lim 3 (d ng ) xp g -x  2x 2  x g g x 3  3x  3 b) Tnh lim 2 (d ng ) xp g 4x  x  2 g 6

ng V nh Pht c) Tnh lim xp g g 3x 2  3 (d ng ) 3  x  5x 3 g

Ton cao c p

1.5.2. C c tr c a hm m t bi n: Cho hm s y = f(x) xc i m c c f(x) i c a hm s f x 0 x I \ _x 0 a c g i l i m c c ti u c a hm s f x 0 x I \ _x 0 a i ho c c c ti u. i d u t m sang d ng th y = f(x) n u t n t i kho ng m nh trn kho ng (a, b) v x 0 a, b . y = f(x) n u t n t i kho ng m i m x0 c g i l I x 0 I sao cho:

i m x0 i m x0

I x 0 I sao cho: f(x)

c g i l i m c c tr n u n l i m c c o hm

nh l: N u x0 l i m th a f d 0 ! 0 v x i m x0 l i m c c ti u c a hm s . N u x0 l i m th a f d 0 ! 0 v x x0 l i m c c i c a hm s
+

o hm

id ut d

ng sang m th i m

CT

d nh l: N u x0 l i m m t i f d 0 ! 0 v f dx 0 0 th hm s x  i m x0. d N u x0 l i m m t i f d 0 ! 0 v f dx 0 " 0 th hm s x 

1.5.3. Tm gi tr l n nh t v gi tr nh nh t c a hm s : Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh l lin t c trn o n [a, b] v f kh vi trong (a, b). tm gi tr l n nh t v gi tr nh nh t c a hm s y = f(x) trn o n [a, b] ta lm nh sau: B B B c 1: Tnh yd c 2: Gi i ph ng trnh yd 0 tm cc nghi m x i ?a, b A ! c 3: Tnh f(a), f(b), f(xi) 7

  

x
+

tc c

it i

t c c ti u t i i m x0.

ng V nh Pht
x ?a, bA

Ton cao c p

Khi : max f (x) ! max _f(a), f(b), f(x i ) a

x ?a, b A

min f (x) ! min _f(a), f(b), f(x i ) a y ! x 3  3x  3 trn o n

V d : Tm gi tr l n nh t v gi tr nh nh t c a hm s

?0, 2A
! Ta c: yd 3x 2  3 x ! 1 y ! 1 yd 0 x 2 ! 1 ! x ! 1 y ! 5 M t khc: f (0) ! 3, f (2) ! 5 V y max f (x) ! 5
x ?0, 2A

x ! 2 x ! 1 v

x ?0, 2A

min f (x) ! 1

x ! 1
bn x s n ph m m i, gi m i nh c t ng gi tr c a x s n

V d : M t nh my s n xu t my tnh xc nh r ng s n ph m ph i l: p = 1000 x. Nh s n xu t c ng xc ph m lm ra cho b i C(x) = 3000 a) Tm t ng thu nh p R(x) b) Tm t ng l i nhu n P(x) 20x

c) Nh my ph i s n xu t v bn bao nhiu s n ph m d) L i nhu n l n nh t l bao nhiu trong tr Gi m i s n ph m l bao nhiu M TS l i nhu n t max.

l i nhu n

t max.

ng h p cu c)

NG D NG C A TON H C TRONG KINH T c l hng t i u:

1.1. Bi ton tm kch th

Gi s n l s n v m t lo i hng m m t c a hng bn c trong m t n m, h l chi ph l u kho cho m t n v hng trong m t n m, p l chi ph cho m i chuy n t hng, cn Q l kch th c c a m i chuy n t hng ( kch th c c a m i l hng ). Ta xem n, h, p l nh ng h ng s , cn Q l bi n s , lc ny t ng chi ph trong m t n m c a c a hng i v i lo i hng ha trn l hm s C Q bao g m 2 lo i chi ph: chi ph l u kho v chi ph cho cc chuy n hng. Q Chi ph l u kho: .h 2 8

ng V nh Pht Chi ph cho cc chuy n hng: n .p Q

Ton cao c p

V d : M t c a hng bn l bn 2500 ci tivi m i n m. Chi ph g i trong kho l $ 10 m t ci trong m t n m. t hng, chi ph c nh l $20, c ng thm $9 m i ci. C a hng nn t hng bao nhiu l n trong m i n m v m i l n t bao nhiu ci chi ph hng t n kho l nh nh t ? Gi i Ta c: n = 2500, h = 10. G i Q l s tivi m c a hng t hng m i l n. Khi : Q ?1;2500A. Q Khi , s l ng tivi trung bnh g i trong kho l . Do , chi ph l u kho m i n m 2 Q l 10. = 5Q (1) 2 2500 . Do , chi ph t hng m i n m l: S l n t hng m i n m l: Q 2500 50000 (20 9Q) = 22500 (2) Q Q T (1) v (2) suy ra chi ph c a c a hng l: 50000 22500 C(Q) = 5Q Q 50000 Ta c : Cd ! 5  Q Q2 Q ! 100 Cd ! 0 5Q2 ! 50000 Q2 ! 10000 Q Q ! 100 V Q ?1;2500Ann ta lo i Q = - 100 100000 d " 0 v i Q>0 nn min C Q ! C 100 ! 23500 CdQ !  Q?1;2500 A Q3 2500 ! 25 . Khi , s l n t hng m i n m l 100 V y, chi ph hng t n kho nh nh t th c a hng nn t hng 25 l n m i n m v m i l n t 100 ci tivi. V d : S hng ha c a m t c a hng bn ra trong m t n m l n = 400000 s n ph m, chi ph l u kho c a m i n v hng ha l $2, chi ph cho m i chuy n t hng l $10. Xc nh kch th c l hng Q t ng chi ph c a c a hng l nh nh t. 9

ng V nh Pht o hm:

Ton cao c p

1.2. ngh a c a

Gi s hai bi n x v y c m i quan h hm y = f(x) ( ch ng h n x l gi c a m t lo i hng ha v y l s l ng hng bn ra ). Trong th c t ng i ta quan tm n xu h ng bi n thin c a bi n y t i x0 khi x thay i m t l ng nh (x . L ng thay i c a y khi x thay i m t l ng (x l: (y ! f x 0  (x  f x 0 (y T c thay i trung bnh c a y theo x trong kho ng t x0 n x0 (x l: (x T c thay i t c th i c a y theo x t i i m x0 l: f (x 0  (x)  f (x 0 ) (y ! lim ! fd 0 lim x (x p 0 (x (x p0 (x (y Khi (x kh nh th } f d 0 hay (y } f d 0 (x x x (x V y x thay i m t l ng (x th y thay i m t l ng x p x b ng f d 0 (x ( ch ng x h n gi thay i m t l ng (x th s hng bn ra thay i m t l ng l f d 0 (x ) x thay i gi khi V d : Hm c u c a m t lo i s n ph m l P ! 50  Q 2 . Tm t c l ng c u Q thay i. Gi thay i nh th no khi Q = 1 ? Gi i ! (1) T c thay i c a gi P theo Q l: P d 2Q . Do : P d ! 2.1 ! 2 . i u ny c ngh a l khi l ng c u t ng thm 1 n v s n ph m th gi gi m trn m t n v s n ph m l 2 n v ti n. ngh a c a v n : Khi gi s n ph m cao th nhu c u mua s n ph m s gi m, ng c l i khi gi s n ph m xu ng th p h n th nhu c u mua s n ph m s t ng ln. Li su t ngn hng cu i n m 2007 l 1,25% / thng th c nhi u ng i mua t c t nh h n. n thng 5 n m 2008 li su t ngn hng l 1,75% / thng th s ng i mua t c t nh s gi m i. 1.3. Gi tr c n bin: Trong kinh t , i l ng o t c thay i c a bi n ph thu c y khi bi n c l p x thay i m t l ng nh g i l gi tr c n bin c a y i v i x, k hi u: My(x). dy T nh ngh a c a o hm ta c: My x ! yd ! x dx Ta th ng ch n x p x My x (y t c l My(x) g n b ng l ng thay i (y c a y khi x t ng ln m t n v . (x ! 1 1.3.1. Gi tr c n bin c a chi ph: 10
!

ng V nh Pht

Ton cao c p

Cho hm chi ph C = C(Q). Khi ta g i MC(Q) l gi tr c n bin c a chi ph. Gi tr ny c th coi l l ng thay i c a chi ph khi Q t ng ln m t n v . V d : Cho chi ph trung bnh n v s n ph m l: 500 C ! 0,0001Q 2  0,02Q  5  Q Tm gi tr c n bin c a chi ph i v i Q s n ph m. p d ng Q = 50. Gi i Hm t ng chi ph s n xu t Q n v s n ph m l: C ! Q.C ! 0,0001Q 3  0,02Q 2  5Q  500 dC Gi tr c n bin c a chi ph l: MC(Q) ! ! 0,0003Q 2  0,04Q  5 dQ dC Khi Q = 50 th: MC(50) ! ! 0,0003(50) 2  0,04(50)  5 ! 0,75  2  5 ! 3,75 . dQ Nh v y n u Q t ng ln m t n v t 50 ln 51 th chi ph t ng ln 3,75 n v . 1.3.2. Gi tr c n bin c a doanh thu: Cho hm doanh thu R = R(Q). Khi ta g i MR(Q) l gi tr c n bin c a doanh thu. V d : S v bn c Q v gi v P c a m t hng xe bus c quan h Q = 10000  125P. Tm doanh thu c n bin khi P = 30, P = 42. Gi i Theo gi thi t: Q = 10000  125P (1) 10000  125P ! 10000  P ! (2) 125 (3) Ta c doanh thu: R ! .P 1 Th (2) vo (3) R ! .P ! 10000  2 125 1 Nn R( ) ! (4) 10000  2 125 Khi P = 30. T (1) ! 10000  125.30 ! 10000  3750 ! 6250 1 2500 T (4) R(6250) ! ! 20 10000  2.6250 !  125 125 Khi P = 42. T (1) ! 10000  125.42 ! 10000  5250 ! 4750 1 500 T (4) R(4750) ! !4 10000  2.4750 ! 125 125 11 s n xu t m t

V 1.4.

ng V nh Pht Hm c u v tnh co gin c a c u:

Ton cao c p

Ta g i P l gi bn m t s n ph m v Q l s l ng s n ph m bn c ( hay nhu c u v lo i s n ph m ). Khi ta c th coi Q l hm s v i bi n s l P, v nhn chung y l hm s ngh ch bi n v gi bn cng cao th nhu c u cng th p v ng c l i. Khi ta c hm c u: Q = f(P) P ! g(Q) Hm t ng doanh thu: R ! PQ ! g(Q).Q Ta l y o hm c a R theo bi n Q v g i n l hm doanh thu bin t , k hi u: MR. H s co gin c a i l ng Q theo i l ng P c A. Marshall t l: P dQ P c g i l co gin c a c u. L! !  .Qd . ( L c l eta) L (P) Q dP Q V d : Cho hm c u Q ! 30  4P  P 2 . Tm h s co gin c a c u t i P = 3. Gi i H s co gin c a c u l: 4P  2P 2 L !  Qd ! (P). !  4  2P . Q 30  4P  P 2 30  4P  P 2 30 } 3,3 T i P = 3, L ! 9 1.5. L a ch n t i u trong kinh t : Nhi u bi ton v kinh t c a v tm c c tr c a m t hm y = f(x). Ta g i P l n gi, hm s n l ng Q = Q(P), hm doanh thu R = PQ, hm chi ph C = C(Q), hm l i nhu n N = R C Trong kinh t ta th ng g p cc bi ton sau: Tm P s n l ng Q t t i a (c c i) Tm P ho c Q doanh thu R t t i a. Tm Q chi ph C t t i thi u (c c ti u) V d : L p k ho ch s n xu t x nghi p c l i nhu n t i a

Gi s hm c u theo gi bn trong m t n v th i gian Q ! Qd ! Q(P) v hm t ng chi ph l: C = C(Q). Tm s n l ng Q trong m t n v th i gian l i nhu n t i a. Ph ng php gi i: hng bn h t x nghi p ch c th bn v i gi P sao cho Q ! Q(P) P ! P(Q) . T doanh thu c a x nghi p l R(Q) ! P(Q).Q v l i nhu n c a x nghi p l: N = R C. S n l ng Q mu n tm chnh l Q > 0 N t gi tr l n nh t. 12

ng V nh Pht

Ton cao c p

V d : Cho hm c u Q ! 300  P v hm chi ph C ! Q3  19Q 2  333Q  10 . Tm Q l i nhu n l n nh t. Gi i Ta c: P ! 300  Q Doanh thu: R ! PQ ! (300  Q)Q ! 300Q  Q 2 L i nhu n: !R ! 300Q  Q 2  Q 3  19Q 2  333Q  10 ! Q3  18Q 2  33Q  10 Q ! 1 d 3Q 2  36Q  33 ! 0 ! Q ! 11 Q g N N 0

-10 -26

1 0

11 0
474

g

g

V y l i nhu n l n nh t khi Q = 11. 1.6. nh m c nh thu doanh thu:

Gi s m t x nghi p s n xu t c quy n m t lo i s n ph m c hm c u trong m t n v th i gian Q ! Q(P) v hm chi ph s n xu t trong m t n v th i gian l C = C(Q). Xc nh m c thu trn m t n v s n ph m c a x nghi p thu c nhi u thu nh t. Ph ng php gi i: Gi s m c thu trn m t n v s n ph m l t > 0. Ta c: Q = Q(P) P ! P(Q) . L i nhu n c a x nghi p l: ! P(Q).Q  C(Q)  Qt X nghi p s s n xu t m c Q = Q(t) t max. Do thu thu c s l T = Tm a x Q(t).t. Ta c n xc nh t V d : Cho hm c u Q = 300 P, hm chi ph: C ! Q 2  100Q  10 . a) Hy xc nh m c thu t trn m t n v s n ph m t ng l i nhu n v t ng thu chnh ph thu c t gi tr c c i. b) Mu n x nghi p s n xu t t nh t l 40 s n ph m th m c thu thu trn m i n v s n ph m l bao nhiu? Gi i a) Ta c: Q = 300 P P = 300 Q. 13

ng V nh Pht

Ton cao c p

Doanh thu c a x nghi p l: R = P. Q = (300 Q)Q = 300 Q Q2 Thu c a x nghi p l: Q.t L i nhu n c a x nghi p l: N = 300 Q Q2 Q 2  100Q  10 Q.t = 2Q 2  (200  t)Q  10 200  t 4 V y c l i nhu n l n nh t x nghi p ph i s n xu t m c: 200  t Q! 4 200  t t2 .t !   50t Do thu thu c l: T ! Q.t ! 4 4 t ! Td   50 ! 0 t ! 100 2 V y Tmax ta ch n m c thu l t = 100. V i m c thu t = 100 th x nghi p s s n xu t m c: 200  100 ! 25 s n ph m trong m t n v th i gian. Q= 4 200  t u 40 t e 40 . b) Mu n x nghi p s n xu t t nh t 40 s n ph m th: Q ! 4 gh a l c n ch n m c thu t i a l 40 cho m t n v s n ph m. d 4Q  200  t ! 0 Q ! ! c quy n m t lo i s n ph m bi t hm t ng chi ph P C ! Q 2  1000Q  100 v hm c u Q = 4100  . 2 a) Hy xc nh m c thu t trn m t n v s n ph m t ng l i nhu n v t ng thu chnh ph thu c t gi tr c c i. b) Mu n cng ty s n xu t t nh t l 200 s n ph m th m c thu thu trn m i n v s n ph m l bao nhiu? Bi t p: 1. Tm cc gi tr c n bin: a) C ! 0,1Q 2  3Q  2 t i Q = 3. b) C ! 0,04Q 3  0,5Q 2  4,4Q  7500 t i Q = 5. c) R ! 250Q  45Q 2  Q 3 t i Q = 5. 60 2. Cho hm c u Q !  ln 65  P 3 P a) Xc nh h s co dn khi P = 4. 14 V d : M t cng ty s n xu t

ng V nh Pht

Ton cao c p

b) N u gi gi m 2% ( t 4 gi m cn 3,92) th l ng bn ra thay i bao nhiu ph n tr m? doanh 4. Doanh thu c a m t lo i s n ph m cho b i R ! 240Q  57Q 2  Q 3 . Tm Q thu t t i a. 5. Cho hm c u c a m t lo i s n ph m l: P = -5Q 30. Tm m c gi doanh thu t t i a. 6. M t lo i s n ph m c hm c u l: P = 42 - 4Q v hm chi ph trung bnh 200 C ! 2Q 2  36Q  210  Q a) Tm m c s n xu t Q, 2 e Q e 10 c chi ph t i thi u. b) Tm m c s n xu t Q, 5 e Q e 10 c chi ph t i thi u. 7. Hm c u c a m t lo i s n ph m c quy n l P = 600 - 2Q v t ng chi ph l: C ! 0,2Q 2  28Q  200 a) Tm m c s n xu t Q l i nhu n t t i a. Tm m c gi P v l i nhu n lc . b) Chnh quy n thnh ph t thu l 22 n v ti n cho m t n v s n ph m. Tm m c s n xu t l i nhu n t t i a, tm m c gi v l i nhu n trong tr ng h p ny. 8. Xc nh l i nhu n t i a, khi bi t cc hm t ng doanh thu R v t ng chi ph C. a) R ! 1400  6Q 2 , C ! 1500  60Q b) R ! 4000  33Q 2 , C ! 2Q 3  3Q 2  400Q  500 c) R ! 4350  13Q 2 , C ! Q 3  5,5Q 2  150Q  675 9. Xc nh chi ph trung bnh nh nh t, n u bi t cc hm t ng chi ph l: a) C = Q3  5Q 2  60Q b) C = Q3  21Q 2  500Q

15

ng V nh Pht Ch

Ton cao c p ng 2: Php tnh vi phn hm nhi u bi n

2.1. Khi ni m hm hai bi n: Cho E l m t t p h p con c a 2 . M t hm hai bi n xc tt K hi u: f: E p nh trn E l m t quy lu t f

ng ng m i i m x, y v i m t s th c duy nh t z = f(x, y)

x, y a
E

z ! f (x, y) nh c a f. nh l hnh trn ng x 2  y 2 e 1

c g i l t p xc

V d : Hm s f (x, y) ! 1  x 2  y 2 c t p xc

2.2. Gi i h n c a hm hai bi n: 2.2.1. nh ngh a: Cho hm s z = f(x, y) xc i m x 0 , y 0 ( n

0 0

nh trn mi n D, c th tr ra dy u c f x n , y n p A
0 0

l t p m ). Ta ni hm s f(x, y) c gi i h n l A khi x, y ti n v i
0

_x
x p x0 yp y0

, y n a

x , y n u , x , y { x
n n

m i

i m

, y0 , x n p x 0 , y n p y 0 ta

N u f(x, y) c gi i h n l A khi lim f (x, y) ! A I " 0, H " 0, 0

x, y p x , y th V x, y , x , y H f (x, y)  A
0 0

ta k hi u I

2.2.2. Tnh ch t: i) xp x ?f (x, y) s g(x, y)A ! lim f (x, y)  xp x g(x, y) lim lim xp x
y p y0
0

yp y0

yp y0

ii) lim ?f (x, y)g(x, y) A ! lim f (x, y).lim g(x, y)

xp x0 y p y0 xp x0 yp y0 xp x0 yp y0

lim f (x, y) p f (x, y) xp x y y ! iii) lim xp x lim g(x, y) yp y g(x, y)

0 0 0 0

xp x0 y p y0

x2y !0 V d : Ch ng minh r ng: lim 2 2 xp 0 yp 0 x  y 16

ng V nh Pht Gi i

Ton cao c p

Ta c: x  y u 2 x y x  y u 2 x y
2 2 2 2 2 2

x2y x 2  y2

x2y 2x y

x 2

x2 y Do lim ! 0 nn lim 2 ! 0 lim 2 !0 2 2 xp0 xp 0 xp 0 yp0 2 yp 0 x  y yp 0 x  y V d : Ch ng minh r ng khng t n t i lim

xp 0 yp 0

x2y

xy x  y2
2

1 xn ! n th x p 0, y p 0 khi n p g . L y hai dy _x n a,_y n a sao cho n n !1 y n n x n yn 1 n2 1 x y 1 ! 2 . ! nn lim 2 n n 2 ! Khi : 2 2 npg x n  yn n 2 2 x n  yn 2 1 xd ! n n L y hai dy _x d,_yd sao cho p p th x d 0, yd 0 khi n p g . a na n n n 2 d y ! n n 2 2 x dd y 2 x dd 2 y n n ! n ! nn lim 2 n n 2 ! Khi : 2 2 npg x d yd 1  4 5  n  n x d yd 5 n n 2 2 n n xy !0 V y khng t n t i lim 2 2 xp 0 yp 0 x  y 2.3. S lin t c c a hm hai bi n: 2.3.1. nh ngh a: Hm z ! f (x, y) lim f (x, y) ! f (x 0 , y 0 ) . Hm f(x, y)
x px 0 yp y0

c g i l lin t c t i i m (x0, y0) n u

c g i l lin t c trn t p E n u n lin t c t i

m i i m x, y E . 2.3.2. : 17 nh l: Cho hm s f(x, y) lin t c trn trn mi n ng, b ch n E. Khi

ng V nh Pht

Ton cao c p

i) f b ch n trn E, ngh a l t n t i M sao cho f(x,y) e M  x, y ii) f 2.4. t gi tr l n nh t v gi tr nh nh t trn E. o hm ring c p cao:

o hm ring c p m t v 2.4.1. nh ngh a

o hm ring: nh trn mi n D,

Cho hm z ! f (x, y) xc lim

x 0 , y0 D .
c g i l

N u t n t i gi i h n

th gi i h n (x c a hm f (x, y) t i i m (x0, y0).

( x p0

f x 0  (x, y 0  f x 0 , y 0

o hm ring theo bi n x

d K hi u: f x x 0 , y0 ho c T ng t :

xf x 0 , y 0 xx f x 0 , y0  f x 0 , y0  (y (y xf x 0 , y0 xy o

o hm ring theo bi n y c a hm f (x, y) t i i m (x0, y0) l: d f y x 0 , y0 = lim

(yp 0

V y

tnh

o hm ring c a hm z ! f (x, y) theo bi n x ta coi y l h ng s ,

hm ring c a hm z ! f (x, y) theo bi n y ta coi x l h ng s . V d : Cho hm s f(x, y) d d x 2  xy  2y2 . Tnh f x x, y , f y x, y

d d Ta c: f x x, y ! 2x  y , f y x, y ! x  4y V d : Cho f(x, y) d d ex cos y . Tnh f x x, y , f y x, y d d Ta c: f x x, y ! ex cosy, f y x, y ! ex siny 2.4.2. o hm ring c p cao: o hm ring theo bi n x th o hm c g i l o

d y N u hm f x x, y c

x 2 f (x, y) d d hm ring c p hai theo bi n x. K hi u: f xx x, y ho c xx 2 d y N u hm f y x, y c o hm ring theo bi n y th o hm x 2 f (x, y) d d hm ring c p hai theo bi n y. K hi u: f yy x, y ho c xy 2 18

c g i l

ng V nh Pht o hm ring theo bi n y th

Ton cao c p o hm c g i l o

d y N u hm f x x, y c

hm h n h p theo x v y. d d K hi u: f xy x, y ho c x 2 f (x, y) xxxy

d d d d N u f xx x, y v f yx x, y t n t i v lin t c trong mi n m G th chng b ng nhau. d d d d d d V d : Cho f (x, y) ! x 2  3xy 3  sin y .Tnh f xx x, y , f yy x, y , fxy x, y Gi i d (x, Ta c: f xd y) ! 2x  3y3 , f y (x, y) ! 9xy2  cosy d d d d d d f xx (x, y) ! 2,f yy (x, y) ! 18xy  sin y,f xy (x, y) ! 9y 2 2.5. Vi phn ton ph n c a hm hai bi n: 2.5.1. nh l: i) N u hm s f(x, y) kh vi t i i m (x0, y0) th f(x, y) c cc (x0, y0) ii) N u hm s f(x, y) c cc v cc d d df ! f x x 0 , y0 dx  f y x 0 , y0 dy df c g i l vi phn ton ph n c a hm s f(x, y) t i (x0, y0). V d : Cho hm s f x, y ! sin x 2  y . Tnh df Gi i d d Ta c: df ! f x x, y dx  f y x, y dy ! 2xcos x 2  y dx  cos x 2  y dy 2.5.2. Vi phn c p cao: Vi phn c p hai c a hm f l vi phn c a df n u coi dx, dy l h ng s . d 2 f ! d df !
2

o hm ring t i (x0, y0) (x0, y0) v

o hm ring trong m t mi n ch a

o hm ring ny lin t c t i (x0, y0) th f(x, y) kh vi t i

x xf xf x xf xf xx dx  xy dy dx  xy xx dx  xy dy dy xx

x 2f 2 x 2f x 2f 2 d f ! d df ! 2 dx  2 dxdy  2 dy xx xxxy xy 19

ng V nh Pht c

Ton cao c p nh ngh a l: d n f ! d d n 1f

T ng qut: Vi phn ton ph n c p n 2.6. ng d ng c a

o hm v vi phn c a hm hai bi n: nh trong mi n D, i m x 0 , y0 D . i m

2.6.1. C c tr c a hm hai bi n: Cho z ! f (x, y) l m t hm hai bi n xc

x 0 , y0 c g i l i m c c i ( c c ti u ) c a hm f n u t n t i mi n con D, x 0 , y0 sao cho: f (x, y) f (x 0 , y0 ) f (x, y) " f (x 0 , y0 ) (x, y) \ _(x 0 , y0 )a N u f c c c i hay c c ti u th ta ni hm s c c c tr t i i m x 0 , y 0

nh l: N u f(x, y) c c c tr t i x 0 , y 0 m t i t n t i cc d d f x x 0 , y 0 ! f y x 0 , y 0 ! 0 . Cc o hm ring th

x 0 , y0 m t i f xdx 0 , y0 ! f ydx 0 , y0 ! 0 g   d d d d d d A ! f xx x 0 , y 0 , B ! f xy x 0 , y 0 , C ! f yy x 0 , y 0
i m nh l: N u t i i m d ng x 0 , y 0 c: ( ! C  B2 0 th hm s khng c c c tr ( ! C  B 2 " 0 th hm s c c c tr . Khi hm s c c c tr v > 0 th hm s

i l cc

i m d ng.

t c c ti u, cn

< 0 th

hm s

tc c

i t i x 0 , y 0 . c c c tr , ta g i y l i m nghi ng c n xt

L u : Khi ( ! 0 th ch a k t lu n thm.

V d : Tm c c tr c a hm s : f (x, y) ! x 3  y3  3xy Gi i dx, y ! 3x 2  3y ! 0 ! x 2 f y x ! 0 y ! 0 x  Ta c: 4 2 f x  x ! 0 x ! 1 y ! 1 y x, y ! 3y  3x ! 0 d 20

ng V nh Pht d d d d d d f xx x, y ! 6x,f yy x, y ! 6y,f xy x, y ! 3

Ton cao c p

T i i m O(0, 0) ( ! AC  B2 ! 9 0 nn hm s khng c c c tr t i O(0, 0). T i i m M(1, 1) ( ! AC  B2 ! 36  9 " 0 v A > 0 nn hm s M(1, 1) v fCT ! f 1, 1 ! 1 V d : Tm c c tr c a hm z ! x 2 y 2 Gi i dx, y ! 2xy 2 ! 0 fx  x ! 0 Ta c: d f y x, y ! 2yx 2 ! 0 y ! 0 V y cc i m d ng n m trn hai tr c t a . d d d d d d f xx x, y ! 2y 2 , f yy x, y ! 2x 2 , fxy x, y ! 4xy AC  B2 ! 4x 2 y 2  16x 2 y 2 ! 12x 2 y 2 T i cc i m d ng trn hai tr c t a th AC  B2 = 0 R rng: z ! x 2 y 2 u 0  x, y , cn i m t i h n th z = 0. Nn cc i m gi i h n l i m c c ti u v z CT ! 0 .
# " "

t c c ti u t i

2.6.2. C c tr c i u ki n c a hm hai bi n: Cho hm z ! f (x, y) xc nh trn mi n D, N l m t hm xc nh trn D. Tm c c tr c a hm z ! f (x, y) v i i u ki n N x, y ! 0 Ph ng php gi i: t L(x, y) ! f (x, y)  PN x, y x L !0 xx x L Gi i h ph ng trnh: (1) tm x 0 , y 0 ,P . S P c g i l nhn t !0 xy x, y ! 0 N Lagrange. Gi s t i i m x 0 , y 0 t n t i vi phn c p hai: d d d d 2 L x 0 , y0 ! Ldx 0 , y0 dx 2  2Ldx 0 , y0 dxdy  Ldx 0 , y 0 dy2 xx xy yy
$

21

ng V nh Pht

Ton cao c p ng trnh (1). Khi n u:

nh l: Cho i m x 0 , y 0 tho h ph

d 2 L x 0 , y0 " 0 th f(x, y) c c c ti u. d 2 L x 0 , y0 0 th f(x, y) c c c i.

V d : Tm c c tr c a hm f(x, y) = 6  4x  3y v i i u ki n x2 y2 = 1 Gi i t L(x, y) ! 6  4x  3y  P x 2  y 2  1 Gi i h ph ng trnh: x L 2 x !0 x !P x 4  2P x ! 0  x L 3 !0  3  2P y ! 0 y ! x y 2 2P x  y2 ! 1 9 x, y ! 0 4 N  2 !1 2 4P P 5 4 3 P ! , x1 ! , y1 ! 2 5 5 P !  5 , x !  4 , y !  3 2 2 2 5 5 d d d M t khc: Ld! 2P, Ld! 0, Ld! 2P xx xy yy V i P! V y hm s 5 d 2 L x1 , y1 ! 5dx 2  5dy 2 " 0 2

4 3 t c c ti u t i , v fCT = 1. 5 5 0

5 V i P !  d 2 L x 2 , y 2 ! 5dx 2  5dy 2 2 V y hm s tc c 4 3 i t i  ,  v fC = 11. 5 5

22

ng V nh Pht

Ton cao c p

2.6.3. Gi tr l n nh t, gi tr nh nh t c a hm hai bi n: Cho hm z ! f (x, y) lin t c trong mi n ng b ch n D ! D xD v c cc ring c p 1 trn D. o hm tm gi tr l n nh t, gi tr nh nh t c a hm z ! f (x, y) ta tm tm gi tr l n nh t, gi tr nh nh t x 2  2y2  x trong

cc i m d ng c a hm z ! f (x, y) trong D. Tm cc gi tr c a hm t i cc i m nghi ng c c c tr trn xD . So snh cc gi tr trn c a hm s . hnh trn D : x 2  y 2 e 1 Cc ng d ng c a hm s nhi u bi n s : 2.1. C c tr c a hm nhi u bi n: V d : Gi s chi ph C c a m t cng ty ph thu c vo hai bi n s x v y l s l s n ph m t ng lo i m cng ty s n xu t ra. Gi s b ng cch tnh g n ng ta xc c cng th c c a hm chi ph: C ! f (x, y) ! 2x 2  y 2  4x  8y ng nh

V d : Tm gi tr l n nh t v gi tr nh nh t c a hm: f(x,y)

V d : L p k ho ch s n xu t trong i u ki n c nh tranh hon h o Gi s x nghi p s n xu t n lo i s n ph m trong i u ki n c nh tranh hon h o ( t c l nh s n xu t ph i bn h t s n ph m v i gi do th tr ng quy t nh). Cho bi t gi bn c a cc s n ph m trn l p1 ,p 2 ,..,p n v hm t ng chi ph trong m t n v th i gian l C ! C q1 ,q 2 ,..,q n . Hy l p k ho ch s n xu t x nghi p c l i nh t. Ph ng php gi i: G i q1 ,q 2 ,..,q n l s l ng cc lo i s n ph m c s n xu t trong m t n v th i gian. Khi doanh thu c a x nghi p l: R ! p1q1  p 2 q 2  ...  pn qn v l i nhu n thu c l: N ! R  C ! p1q1  p 2 q 2  ...  pn qn  C(q1 ,q2 ,...,qn ) M c s n l ng q ! q(q1 ,q 2 ,...,q n ) mu n tm l q N t max. V d : X nghi p s n xu t hai lo i s n ph m v i gi bn p1 = 8, p2 = 6. Hm t ng chi ph l: C q1 ,q 2 ! 2q12  2q1q 2  q 2 . Tm s n l ng q1, q2 l i nhu n t t i a. 2 Gi i 2 2 Hm l i nhu n l: N ! p1q1  p 2 q 2  2q1  2q1q 2  q 2 ! 8q1  6q 2  2q12  2q1q 2  q 2 2 d! 8  4q1  2q 2 ! 0 q 1 ! 1 q Khi : q d! 6  2q1  2q 2 ! 0 2 ! 2 q
1 2

23

ng V nh Pht !

Ton cao c p
1 2 2 2

d ! 4,B ! N d ! 2,C ! N d ! 2 d d d qq qq q q
1 1

AC B = 8 4 = 4 v A < 0 nn hm s q1 ,q 2 ! 1, 2 2.2. C c tr c i u ki n c a hm nhi u bi n:

t c c

t i

Cho hm s n xu t P ! f (x, y) ! xy v i i u ki n rng bu c v ngn sch l: 2x Tm i u ki n c a x, y s n xu t ra c nhi u s n ph m nh t.

y = 6.

24

ng V nh Pht

Ton cao c p

Ch ng 3: Php tnh tch phn hm m t bi n 3.1. Nguyn hm v tch phn b t nh: nh ngh a: Cho hm y = f(x) xc nh trn kho ng (a, b). Ta g i F(x) l m t nguyn hm c a f(x) trn kho ng (a, b) n u Fd ! f (x) x a,b . K hi u: (x)

f (x)dx ! F(x)  C v
Tnh ch t: i) ii)

i C l h ng s .

Ef (x)dx ! E f (x)dx (E l h ng s ) ?f (x) s g(x)Adx ! f (x)dx s g(x)dx Edx ! Ex  C

n

Tch phn m t s hm s c p: 1) 2) 4) 6) 8) 10) dx ! ln x  C x ax x a dx ! ln a  C

x n 1  C n { 1 3) x dx ! n 1 5) 7) 9)

sinxdx ! cosx  C sin

1 x dx
2

cosxdx ! sin x  C cos x dx ! tgx  C

2

dx !  cot gx  C ! arcsinx  C

1  x2 ud 11) dx ! ln u u Tch phn xc nh: Gi

b

dx 1  x 2 ! arctgx  C

3.1.1. nh ngh a: s hm y =
b

f(x)

m t

nguyn

hm

F(x).

Khi

f (x)dx ! ? (x)Aa ! (b)  (a) (1). Cng th c (1)

a

c g i l cng th c Newton

Leibniz. 3.1.2. Tnh ch t:

a

i) ii)

f (x)dx ! 0
a

f (x)dx  f (x)dx ! f (x)dx c a,b

a c a

25

ng V nh Pht iii) iv)

Ton cao c p
b

kf (x)dx ! k f (x)dx k ! const

a a

?f (x) s g(x)Adx ! f (x)dx s g(x)dx

a a a

3.2. Hai ph

ng php tnh tch phn xc ng php

b

nh:

3.2.1. Ph

i bi n s : ng php i bi n s . C hai cch i bi n:

tnh I ! f (x)dx ta dng ph

a

Cch 1:

t x = u(t) dx ! u d (t)dt

V i x = a u(t) = a t ! E
%

V i x = b u(t) = b t ! Khi : I ! f (u(t)).u d (t)dt

E

L u : N u tch phn c d ng N u tch phn c d ng Cch 2:

t t = u(x) dt ! u d (x)dx
'

V i x = a th t ! u(a) ! E V i x = b th t ! u(b) ! Khi : I ! g(t)dt

E

V d : Tnh cc tch phn sau: ln x a) I ! dx x 1 3.2.2. Ph

b e

ng php tch phn t ng ph n:

b b

udv ! ?uvA  vdu

a a a

&

1 x 2  a 2 dx ta th

ng ng

t x = atgt. t x = asint.

a 2  x 2 dx ta th

dx b) I ! 1  x2 0

c) I ! 2x  1 dx
0

26

ng V nh Pht
e

Ton cao c p

V d : Tnh I ! x ln x dx
1

ng d ng c a tch phn: 3.1. Tm hm t ng chi ph khi bi t chi ph bin: TC ! MC(Q)dQ Trong : TC l hm t ng chi ph MC(Q) l chi ph bin c a s n ph m V d : Cho chi ph bin c a m t lo i s n ph m l: MC ! 25  30Q  9Q 2 v TC(0) = 55. Tm hm t ng chi ph TC. Gi i 2 TC ! MC(Q)dQ ! 25  30Q  9Q dQ TC ! 25Q  15Q 2  3Q 3  C Theo gi thi t: TC(0) = 55 nn 55 = C V y TC ! 25Q  15Q 2  3Q 3  55 V d : Cho chi ph bin c a m t lo i s n ph m l: MC ! 32  18Q  12Q 2 v TC(0) = 43. Tm hm t ng chi ph TC. V d : Cho chi ph bin c a m t lo i s n ph m l: MC ! 2.e 0,2 Q v 90. Tm hm t ng chi ph TC. 3.2. Xc Cng th c: nh ngu n v n (t) ! I(t)dt
1

TC(0) =

u t K(t) t t c

thay

u t I(t):

V d : T c thay ngu n v n K(t) = ?

u t l: I(t) ! 60t 3 v t i th i i m K(1) = 85. Hy tm

3 ! 140t 4 V d : Cho I(t) . Hy xc (0) ! 150

nh hm K(t).

3.3. Tnh gi tr th ng d c a ng

i tiu dng: i tiu dng:

Cng th c tnh gi tr th ng d c a ng

27

ng V nh Pht
Q0

Ton cao c p CS !

P dQ  P Q
d 0 0

V d : Cho hm c u Pd ! 42  5Q  Q 2 bi t gi tr cn b ng l P0 = 6. Hy tnh gi tr th ng d c a ng i tiu dng. Gi i Khi P0 ! 6 6 ! 42  5Q 0  Q Q  5Q 0  36 ! 0 Q0 =4, Q0 = - 9 (lo i)

2 0 2 0

5 2 Q3  24 CS ! 42  5Q  Q  6.4 ! 42Q  Q  dQ 2 3 0 0 64 338 CS ! 168  10   24 ! 3 3 3.4. Tnh gi tr th ng d c a nh s n xu t:

4 2 Q0

Cng th c tnh gi tr th ng d c a nh s n xu t: CS ! P0 Q0 

P dQ
s 0 2

V d : Tnh gi tr th ng d c a nh s n xu t khi Ps ! Q  3 v P0 = 81, Q0 = 6. V d : Cho hm cung Ps ! 2Q  1 v hm c u Pd ! 25  Q 2 . Tnh gi tr th ng d c a nh s n xu t v c a ng i tiu dng. 3.5. Ph ng trnh vi phn: ng trnh vi phn c p m t l ph c l p, y l hm c a x, y d l ng trnh c d ng: F x, y, y d! 0 (1) o hm c a y theo x. c

nh ngh a: Ph trong x l bi n Nghi m c a ph ng th c ng. Thng th ng ph

ng trnh vi phn l hm y = y(x) ho c N(x, y) ! 0 m th vo ta

ng trnh vi phn c p m t c v s nghi m ph thu c vo m t tham dy ! f (x, y) . dx

s . Nhi u bi ton yu c u tm nghi m c a (1) th a y(x 0 ) ! y 0 . Ph ng trnh (1) i khi c vi t d i d ng: yd f (x, y) hay !

nh l t n t i v duy nh t nghi m: Cho ph ng trnh vi phn c p m t yd f (x, y) . N u f(x, y) lin t c trong m t mi n ! u y x = x ! y0 .

0

ch a (x0, y0) th t n t i m t nghi m y = y(x) th a mn i u ki n 28

ng V nh Pht xf c ng lin t c th nghi m l duy nh t. xy

Ton cao c p

Ngoi ra n u

Ph

ng trnh c bi n phn li: Ph ng trnh c bi n phn li l ph f1 (x)dx  f2 (y)dy ! 0 Ph

ng trnh c d ng:

ng php gi i: L y tch phn hai v :

f (x)dx  f
1

(y)dy ! C (y 1)dy = 0 v tm nghi m ring th a

V d : Gi i ph y x !0 ! 0 V d : Gi i ph

ng trnh: xdx ng trnh: x2(y

1)dx (x3 - 1)(y - 1)dy = 0

29

ng V nh Pht Bi t p

Ton cao c p

Ch ng 1: Php tnh vi phn hm m t bi n: 1. Tnh cc gi i h n sau: a. lim b. lim

xp1

x3  1 x p 1 x 2  x
3

x 1

2x  7  3

c. lim

tg x x p 0 sin 5x  2x x d. lim x p 0 1  cos x

x 1

x  3 e. lim xp g x  1 2. Tnh cc gi i h n sau:

x 5  2x  1 a. lim 2 xp g x  2  x 4  x  2 b. lim c. lim

xp  g

x x

 2x  x 2  2x

2x  1 3x 2  x  1
2

xp  g

d. lim Ch

xp  g

 4x  2 x 2  x  x

ng 2: Php tnh vi phn hm nhi u bi n. d d d d d d 1. Tm f xdx, y , f ydx, y , f xx x, y , f xy x, y , f yy x, y c a cc hm s sau:   a. f (x, y) ! x 3  y 2  6xy  2x  1 b. f (x, y) ! e x  y
2

3x  2y  sinx

c. f (x, y) ! 2x 3 y 2  y5 2. Tm c c tr c a cc hm sau: a. f (x, y) ! x  y  94 4x  3y  6xy b. f(x,y)

 y 2 e x

 y2

30

ng V nh Pht c. f (x, y) ! x  y  ye x x2 1 y   4 d. f (x, y) ! 2y x 2 3. Tm c c tr c a hm z ! 1  x 2  y 2 v i i u ki n x

Ton cao c p

y1=0

4. Tm c c tr c a hm f (x, y) ! x  2y v i i u ki n x 2  2y ! 2 4. 5. Tm gi tr l n nh t v gi tr b nh t c a cc hm s sau: a. z ! x 2  y 2 trong mi n D xc b. z ! x 2  y 2 trong mi n D xc nh b i: x 2  y 2 e 4 . nh b i:

x  2  y  2 e 9 .
2 2

c. z ! x 2 y 4  x  y trong mi n ng D gi i h n b i cc = 0, y = 0, x y = 6. d. z ! x 2  2xy  4x  8y trong mi n D gi i h n b i cc 0, x = 1,y = 0,y = 2. Ch ng 3: Php tnh tch phn 1. Tnh cc tch phn sau: a. I ! x 3  x 7 x 4  1 dx
7 0 e2 1

ng th ng x ng th ng x =

b. I !
0 1

dx x ln x  2

c. I ! x 9 1  x 5 dx
0 3 1

d. I !
1

1

dx x  2x  1
2

e. I ! e x  5 e x dx
0 e2

f. I !
1

ln xdx x 31

ng V nh Pht g. I ! x.sin xdx

0 1 T 2

Ton cao c p

h. I ! x 2 e  x dx
0

2. Gi i cc ph

ng trnh vi phn sau: 1 1 x

! a. yd b.

dy ! x 2 ex dx 2x y!0 1  x2 ng trnh vi phn, sau tm nghi m ring tho mn i u ki n

c. yd  3. Gi i cc ph

u:

a. (1 x)dy ydx = 0 , y x ! 0 ! 1 b. dx dy  ! 0 , y x !1 ! 1 x(y  1) y(x  2) , y x !1 ! 1 2

 c. xyd y ! y 2

32

V 1.

ng V nh Pht

Ton cao c p HQG TP

Ti li u tham kh o u Th C p. Ton cao c p ( Dng cho ngnh i h c kinh t ). NXB

HCM, 2003. 2. V Tu n - Phan NXBGD, 1977. 3. Tr c nghi m v m u Ton cao c p B2 v C2 (ngnh QTKD). cng TP HCM, 2001. i h c m bn c Thnh - Ng Xun S n. Gi i tch ton h c t p 1, 2, 3.

33