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msitf
4.1
mKf
4.2
4.3
TL cUtf
4.1 mKf
msLj vgJ xU wdhF. J xbthU kj
mwhl thF mtakhwJ. xbthUtU j mwhl
th VnjD xiw msl ntosJ. jF y
cjhuzfshf,
gl 4.1
(i) zUJ iwf gagL f s,
(ii) e o fj kW rdfSF gagL iu
iy ms,
(iii) e L miwia jsl ntoa jiu ms
kW
(iv) gUilF
njitahd
Matiw Twyh.
nkfl
gagLwJ.
xbthU
NHY
J
msa
s
fUJ
150
msitf
id Tf
eh VHh tF goj
tiuaiwfis id Tnth.
tU
Perimeter vw
My brhYF
Rws vW bghU.
nuf bkh
Peri vwh R
vW meter vwh
msl vW
bghUgL.
(i) gugs
xU js cs cUtdh milgL
cgF gugs vdgL.
(ii) Rws
xU
_oa
tot
Rws
mUt viy s MF.
vgJ
gl 4.2
it midJ tl tot bghUf MF.
(iii) tl
gl tl ikaij O vd, tl
Muij r vd vLJ bfhlh,
A = rr2 rJu myFf.
g
360
F: tl ikanfhz = 360.
O
t
P = 2rr myFf,
r - 22 myJ 3.14
7
gl 4.3
tl Rws myJ g,
tl gugs,
gl. 4.4
gl 4.5
Mu
gugs
X milia vLJ t. v
1.
bfhs. m btntW
2.
Mufis cila tlfis
3.
t i ua .m t l fis
bto mt gugsit Rwsit fhf.
151
Rws
ij vgo miHfyh?
ij miutl (tl gh) vd miHfyh.
gl 4.8
152
msitf
(m) fh tl Rws
Rws, P = 1 (tl g) + 2 (Mu) myFf
4
= 1 # 2rr + 2r
4
P = rr + 2r
2r = ` r + 2j r myFf
2
2
(M) fh tl gugs
gugs, A = 1 # (tl gugs)
4
1
A =
# rr2 rJu myFf
4
vLJfhL 4.1
gl 4.13
gl 4.14
bfhLfgLsit :
tl Mu, r = 14 br..
gl 4.15
miutl Rws, P = (r + 2) r myFf
` P = ( 22 + 2) # 14
7
22
= ( + 14 ) # 14 = 36 # 14 = 72 br..
7
7
miutl Rws, P = 72 br..
2
miutl gugs, A = rr r. myFf
2
` A = 22 # 14 # 14 = 308 br. 2.
7
2
vLJfhL 4.2
xU tl Mu 21 br. v, mj fh tl
Rwsit, gugsit fhf.
bfhLfgLsit :
gl 4.16
tl Mu, r = 21 br.
fh tl Rws, P = ` r + 2j r myFf
2
= c 22 + 2 m # 21 = ` 22 + 2j # 21
7#2
14
P = ` 22 + 28 j # 21 = 50 # 21
14
14
= 75 br..
153
2
fh tl gugs, A = rr r.myFf
4
22
A =
# 21 # 21
7
4
= 346.5 br. 2.
vLJfhL 4.3
miu tl toyhd bt x l
14 . mjF RW nt mikf xU lUF ` 10 j
bry MwJ v bkhj bryit fhf.
gl 4.17
bfhLfgLsit : l, d = 14
` Mu, r = 14 = 7
2
7
= ` 22 + 14 j # 7
7
P = 36
1 lUF RW nt mikf MF bry = ` 10
bfhLfgLsit :
r s = miu tl Rws
` ^r + 2h r = 36
22
` 7 + 2j # r = 36
22 14 # r = 36
` +
j
7
36 # r = 36 & r = 7
7
154
gl 4.18
msitf
rr2 r. myFf
2
= 22 # 7 # 7 = 77 2
7
2
A =
` fh gugs = 77 2 .
g 4.1
1. rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf.
(B) 12 br. 2
(C) 72 br. 2
(D) 36 br. 2
(C) 21 br.
(D) 42 br.
(D) 4
(D) I
(D) 360
(D) 0
155
4.3 TL cUtf
(m)
(M)
()
(<)
(c)
gl 4.19
nkfl cUtfUJ vij
mJ bfhlh?
Kj gl (m) miu tl
nk xU Knfhz itfgLsJ
ngh
njhWwJ.
ulhtJ
gl (M) xU rJu nk xU rtf
itfgLsJ nghWsJ.
cUtf
iz
iy (Juxtaposition) vgJ y
js cUtf x
gf
sij kbwh xj gf
sF rkkhf mLjLJ
itJ cUthffgL mik
MF.
uL myJ _W cUtfis
x gf kbwhiw itjh
J cUt ilwJ. it TL cUtf vdgL. nkfl cUtf
Knfhz, brtf, miutl nghw y bjj cUtf iz
iy MF. jF y cjhuzfis ghnghkh?
156
msitf
t.
v
1.
js cUtf
uL mrk gf
Knfhzf
iz iy
C
ehfu
B
2.
U brnfhz
Knfhzf kW rtf
brtf
A E
3.
MW rk gf
Knfhzf
mWnfhz
F B
D
B
(m) gynfhz
gynfhz (Polygon) vgJ n nenfhL
JLfsh totikfgl _oa js cUtkhF.
nenfhL JLfis
cUt nenfhL cUt MF.
csla
js
gl 4.20
_W gffis csla nenfhL
cUtij Knfhz vW ehF gffis
csla nenfhL cUtij ehfu
gynfhz vgJ _W myJ
vW miHnwh.
mjF nkgl gffis
bfhl nenfhL cUt MF.
157
gl 4.21
() xGfw gynfhz
xGfw totik cUthF gynfhzf xGfw gynfhz
vdgL.
(<) F gynfhz
xU gynfhz Fiwjgr xU nfhzkhtJ 180I l
mfkhf Ujh mJ F gynfhz vdgL.
gl 4.23
(c) Fj gynfhz
xU gynfhz xbthU cnfhzK gynfhz
180I l Fiwthf Ujh mJ Fj gynfhz vdgL.
gynfhzf tUkhW tifgLjgL.
gff
vif
gynfhz bga
Knfhz
ehfu
Infhz
mWnfhz
VGnfhz
vnfhz
etnfhz
10
gknfhz
gl 4.24
158
msitf
t.
v
1.
cUt
bga
gugs ((A
A)) rJu
A
myFf
cUt
Knfhz
Rws ((P
P)) myFf
P
1 #b#h
2
AB + BC + CA
1 #b#h
2
(mo + cau +
fz)
2.
brnfhz
Knfhz
A
3.
3 a2
4
( 3 - 1.732)
rkgf
Knfhz
B
AB+BC+CA = 3a ;
brFJ, h =
myFf
3 a
2
4.
U rk gf
#
Knfhz
2a +2
a2 - h2
5.
a2 - h2
mrk gf
s (s - a) (s - b) (s - c)
s= a + b + c
2
Knfhz
AB + BC + CA
= ^ a + b + ch
h
1
ehfu
6.
1 # d # (h + h )
1
2
2
AB + BC + CD + DA
7.
izfu
bh
2 (a + b)
8.
brtf
lb
2 (l + b)
9.
rtf
10.
rhrJu
1 # h # (a+b)
2
AB + BC + CD + DA
lf v
gugs 1 # d1 # d2
4a
a2
4a
11.
rJu
159
gl 4.25
vLJfhL 4.5
fl TL cUtf Rws kW gugsit fhf.
(i)
(i)
(ii)
gl 4.26
gl 4.27
= 7 br.
= 7 br.
` miutl Mu, r = 7 br.
2
!
TL cUt Rws = AB + BC + CD + DEA
` miu tl l
= 7 + 7 + 7 + 1 # (tl g)
2
1
= 21 + # 2rr
2
= 21 + 22 # 7
7
2
P = 21 + 11 = 32 br.
P
` TL cUt Rws
TL cUt gugs
= 32 br.
= miutl gugs
+ rJu gugs
160
msitf
rr 2 + a 2
2
22 # 7 # 7 + 72 = 77 + 49
=
7#2 2#2
4
2
` TL cUt gugs = 19.25 + 49 = 68.25 br. .
A
4 br.
` TL cUt Rws =
AB + BC + CD + DE + EA
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20 br.
` TL cUt Tws =
TL cUt gugs =
=
=
=
TL cUt gugs =
20 br.
rJu gugs +
rkgf Knfhz gugs
2
a + 3 a2
3 = 1.732
4
3 #4#4
4 # 4+
4
4
16 + 1.732 4
16 + 6.928 = 22.928
(ii)
gl 4.28
gl 4.29
(i) bfhLfgLs TL cUt ABCD vw brtf, AEB kW DFC
Ma U rkgu bfhl miu tlf Matiw bfhL
cUthfglJ MF.
bfhLfgLsit:
brtf s,l =
4 br.
brtf mfy, b =
2 br.
miutl l =
` miut Mu, r =
161
2 br.
2 = 1 br.
2
msitf
22 # 5 # 5 + 22 # 4 # 4 + 22 # 3 # 3
7#2
7#2
7#2
275 + 176
176 + 99 = 550 = 78.571 br. 2
7
7
7
7
brtf s, l =
70
brtf mfy, b =
52
f s =
28
gl 4.30
616 2
616 2
l b r. myFf
70 52 = 3640 2
3640 616
3024 2.
163
vLJfhL 4.8
bfhLfgLs gl rJu ABCD gf ms
14 br.. Hl gF gugsit fhf.
rJu gf, a
= 14 br.
xbthU tl Mu, r
= 7 br.
2
Hl gF gugs
gl 4.31
7br
7br
7/2br
7/2br
= 196 154
` Hl gF gugs
= 42 br. 2.
gl 4.32
vLJfhL 4.9
bfhLfgLsit:
tl Mu, r = 35 br.
mnj fahdJ, rJukhf tisfgLsJ.
gl 4.33
a = 55 br.
` rJu gf = 55 br..
164
gl 4.34
msitf
vLJfhL 4.10
gf ms 28 br. mss xU rJu ehF
_iyfUJ xbthU tlK kw uL tlfis
bjhLkhW ehF tlf gl csgo tiuagLwd
v Hl gF gugsit fhf.
gl 4.35
= 28 br.
= 28
2
= 14 br.
Hl gF gugs
= rJu gugs - 4 fh tl gF
= a 2 - 4 # 1 # rr 2
4
= 28 28 - 4 # 1 # 22 # 14 # 14
4
7
= 784 616
gl 4.36
bfhLfgLsit:
c miu tl Mu, r
35
XL ghij mfy
14
` bt miu tl Mu, R
35 + 14 = 49
49
165
2 14 120 = 3360 2
2 (bt miu tl
gugs - c miu
tl gugs)
2 # ` 1 rR 2 - 1 r r 2 j
2
2
2 # 1 # r^ R 2 - r 2h
2
22 # ^492 - 352h
7
22 ^49 + 35h ^49 - 35h
7
22 # 84 # 14 = 3696 2
7
3360 + 3696
7056 2
=
=
=
=
=
` XL ghij gugs
vLJfhL 4.12
bfhLfgLsit :
OP = 21 kW OR = 14
gl 4.37
PR = OP OR = 21 14 = 7
kygLif gugs = fh tl gF OQP gugs fhgl gF OSR gugs
= 1 r # OP2 - 1 r # OR2
4
4
= 1 # r # 212 - 1 # r # 142
4
4
2
1
=
# r # ^21 - 142h
4
1
=
# 22 # ^21 + 14h # ^21 - 14h
4
7
` kygLif gugs = 1 # 22 # 35 # 7 = 192. 5 2 .
4
7
vLJfhL 4.13
7 br. gf msila ABCD vw rJu gl 4.38
fhosgo Hl gF gugsit fhf.
gl 4.38
166
msitf
gl 4.39
P kW R I ikakhf
bfhl miutlf gugs
= a 2 - 2 # 1 # rr 2
2
= 7 # 7 - 2 # 1 # 22 # 7 # 7
2
7
2 2
77
2
br. = 21 br. 2.
` I gugs + III gugs = `49 2 j
2
77
II gugs + IV gugs = `49 - j br. 2 = 21 br. 2.
2
2
Hl gFf gugsf = rJu ABCD gugs (I, II, III kW IV gugs)
= 49 - ` 21 + 21 j
2
2
= 49 - 21 = 28 br. 2
` Hl gFf gugs
= 28 br. 2.
vLJfhL 4.14
xU y msitahs xU y msfis
tUkhW FJsh. y guid fLo.
A UJ D tiu cs yksgt Ff J, K,
L, M vf.
bfhLfgLsit:
AJ = 5 , JF = 7 ,
KB = 6 , LE = 9 , MC = 10 ,
AK = 10 , AL = 12 ,
AM = 15 kW AD = 20 .
bfhLfgl ykhdJ rtff KBCM,
LEFJ kW brnfhz Knfhzf ABK, MCD,
DEL kW JFA t bjhFghF.
167
gl 4.40
A1 = 1 # (KB + MC) # KM (a KB kW MC iz
2
1
=
# (6 + 10) # 5
2
A1 = 1 # 16 # 5 = 4
40 2.
2
rtf LEFJ gugs, A2 vf.
A2 = 1 # (JF + LE) # JL (a
2
brnfhz
LE kW JF iz
gff, FJau JL.
= 1 # (7 + 9) # 7
JF = 7 , LE = 9 ,
2
JF = 7
, LE = 9 ,
A2 = 1 # 16 # 7 = 5
56 2. JL = AL AJ
2
= 12 5 = 7 )
Knfhz ABK gugs, A vf.
3
A3 = 1 # AK # KB
2
1
A3 =
30 2.
# 10 # 6 = 3
2
brnfhz Knfhz MCD gugs, A4 vf.
A4 = 1 # MC # MD.
2
= 1 # 10 # 5
2
A4 = 50 = 25 2.
A5
2
= 1 # ^ AD - ALh # LE
2
= 1 ^20 - 12h # 9
2
= 1 # 8 # 9 = 36 2.
2
2
1
=
# 5 # 7 = 35 = 17.5 2.
2
2
ygF gugs = A1 + A 2 + A 3 + A 4 + A 5 + A 6
= 40 + 56 + 30 + 25 + 36 + 17.5
= 204.5 2.
168
msitf
g 4.2
1. fl glf Rwsit fhf
169
msitf
(ii)
vJ aJ?
rJu Rws myJ rJu csla
tl Rws?
171