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Wissenschaften, Philosophisch historische Klass, 30, 1938: , -
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- 332 -

333

Abstract

Hyecho, Amoghavajra, the Chinese Esoteric

Buddhism, Takakusu Junjiro
Lee, Jeong-Soo

t is recorded that Vajrabodhi, who is one of the Three Transmitters,

and also who are considered as the Great Three Masters of the
Chinese Esoteric Buddhism. Amoghavajra was a disciple of Vajrabodhi,
and in the record, it is said that Hyecho studied under Amoghavajra,
and became one of the Six Philosophers with whom Amoghavajra left
his last Dharma transmission will. Other than this, Hyecho's name and
lifetime achievements appears in the title of 'OknyodamkiUpyo'
'Naedoryangjisong'. Hyecho's existence is confirmed again in the
preface
of , which is
known as a translation by Amoghavajra.
Hyecho was an esoteric Buddhist monk who lived during the time of
transmission of Indian Esoteric Buddhism to the Tang Dynasty China,
however his existence was hardly known until the 20th century. In the
early years of 20th century, the French explorer P. Pellot brought back
some documents from Dun-Huang() and one of the documents was
the that immediately drew the attention of the world. It
is by the Japanese scholar Takakusu Junjiro, who confirmed that Hyecho
is the author of , and he is one of the disciples who
appears in the Amoghavajra's Dharma transmisison will. After the World
War II, some research on Hyecho were undertaken with great interest.
I

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334 55

Nevertheless, most of the research were done on the basis of inference

referring to the , or , and the contents from
the Amoghavajra's <Title Compilation> and historical facts.
This paper will delve into the world of Hyecho and his achievements
using the compiled title which is recorded as 'Shilla Hyecho', as the
Six Philosophers of Amoghavajra, the one who established the Esoteric
Buddhism.
This will enable highlight Hyecho as one of the Four Great Chinese
Translators, and as one of the Six Philosophers and disciples of
Amoghavajra. However, there is an obstacle that very limited material
is available to do research on him. As one can see in Takakusu
Junjiro's comments saying that people generally conceive Hyecho as an
author of , with lacking examination or prove against
research as the expression known as 'Shiila Hyecho' determined
pre-conception and this always confines him.
Hyecho existed historically, however, he could be more than one
individual with same name, or probability is there that he is one
individual with different names. The understanding and value of
Hyecho will be reshaped if any materials can be found to explore more
about him, and his position in the history will be repositioned.

Key words
Hyecho,
Junjiro.

oghavajra, the

Am

Chi ese

soteric

: 2010 6 15,

uddhism,

Ta a usu
k k

: 2010 7 20,

: 2010 8 3.

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