Ospf SR

:
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Ahmed_it@windowslive.com
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muslimtech.wordpress.com
Open Shortest Path First

Single Area
-1
OSPF -2
Link-State Routing Protocols -3
OSPF Terminology -4
OSPF Metric -5
LSA Operation -6
OSPF Packet Types -7
OSPF Network Types -8
Neighbor Adjacencies -9
Configuring OSPF Routing -10
Configuration OSPF on NBMA Networks -11
-1
) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF Routing Protocol
) Internet Protocol (IP IGP IETF
1988 IGP ) Shortest Path First (SPF
OSPF ) Routing Information Protocol (RIP

SPF the Dijkstra algorithm

OSPF -2
Open Standard Protocol -1

OSPF is not a Cisco-proprietary protocol -2
Cisco

O routing table -3
OSPF is transport layer protocols-4
Layer 4
Administrative Distance = 110 -5
VLSM support -6
classless routing protocol
Load balancing-7
by default of 4 paths and maximum of 6 paths Traffic
Support Hierarchical design- 8
area Area Autonomous System
Update
Updates is sent on multicast (224.0.0.5 or 224.0.0.6 / unicast addresses) -9
periodic updates & triggered updates
triggered updates
refresh 30 min link-state refresh periodic updates
Topology table ( Link-state Data base)
IP protocol -10
AppleTalk IPX
Ospf Use SPF Algorithm To Choose The best Path to any Destination -11
OSPF is Classless Protocol (VLSM) -12
Ripv1 Route information Subnet mask
Link-State Routing Protocols -3

Ospf Link-State Routing Protocol
distance-vector
Link-State Routing
) (triggered updates ) (periodic updates 30 min Refresh link-state advertisement
) (LSA Neighbors multicast address
LSA Area Area

LSA Area link-state
) database (LSDB LSA 0x8000 0001 0x7FFF FFFF
) link-state database (LSDB
show ip ospf database
Area Area
Distance vector neighbor
Eigrp neighbor Routing table
SPF

LSA Link-state Database

SPF Destination
SPF Tree .Routing table
Link state protocols Bandwidth

Distance vector protocols
RIP
Rip Hope count 64k

ospf
T3
OSPF Terminology -4
OSPF topology
OSPF neighbor table = adjacency database-1
Neighbors ospf

#show ip ospf neighbors
Neighbor 60
OSPF topology table = OSPF topology database = LSDB-2
Destination
LSA LSDB
) (OSPF topology table
Area LSA LSDB
#show ip ospf database
Routing table (forwarding database)-3
Destination
]#show ip route [ospf
OSPF Area Structure

OSPF Router
SPF

!!
Update

Area
: Transit area -1 IP Packets Area
Area Area Area0 Backbone Area
: Regular area or nonbackbone area-2
Area Regular area Transit area Area
Area
nonbackbone area Area 0
LSA Area

Area
:
Area Autonomous System
OSPF Router Types

OSPF
: Internal routers-1 interfaces Area

: Backbone routers-2 interface Backbone Area
: Area border routers-3 Area Summarization
: Autonomous System Boundary Routers-4 (Autonomous System
( Network Information Ospf route
redistribution BSCI
OSPF Metric -5
Metric OSPF EIGRP
cost Destination
1 65535 Cost
)cost= 10000 0000/bandwith in bps(in interface

Cost= 108/BW of interface

Cost interface
ip ospf cost
Ethernet =10MB

Bit
Cost=10000 0000/10000 000=10

MB 1000000 108 MB
100000000/1000000=100
Cost=100/10=10
Cost = 10
SPF
Topology Table X
Destination )Ethernet (10MB
Cost=10 SPF Destination
Cost F-G-H Routing Table
: Cost Cost
Cost X&H X-C-E-H 10+10+10=30
: Cost 0
RA 128.5.2.1
RA-RB-RE-128.5.2.1
Cost=10+10+15=35
RA-RC-RD-128.5.2.1
Cost=5+15+64=84
Cost
Default Cost List
LSA Operation -6
LSA LSA Database
Sequencing, Checksums, and Aging
: Sequencing-1 32Bit 0x80000001 0x7fffffff LSA
sequence number LSA Sequence number
LSA Seq Num 0x7fffffff flush
Old LSA Age ) MaxAge
( Area LSA MaxAge
LSA Seq Num 0x80000001
:checksum-2 Checksum LSA Age
:Age-3 LSA 0 3600) 3600 ( LSA

Age 0 ) (flooding 3600 LSA
flushed LSA MaxAge refresh
LSA link-state refresh 30 Refresh
LSA 30min LSA
LSA

)(Process ID 1
Link Count
2
3
8
3
Checksum
0xA94E
0x8D53
0x523
0x94DD
Seq#
0x80000F29
0x80000F55
0x800011CA
0x80000AF4
Manet#show ip ospf database

)OSPF Router with ID (192.168.30.43
)Router Link States (Area 3
Link ID
ADV Router
Age
192.168.30.13 192.168.30.13 910
192.168.30.23 192.168.30.23 1334
192.168.30.30 192.168.30.30 327
192.168.30.33 192.168.30.33 70
Multiple instances of the same LSA

Link-State Update (LSU) packet LSU LSA
LSAs
-1 LSA LSDB LSDB link-state
) acknowledgment (LSAck SPF LSA
split-horizon
-2 LSA LSDB Seq Num Seq Num
LSA LSAck SPF
LSA
-3 Seq Num LSU LSA
LSA Seq Num LSA
OSPF Packet Types -7
OSPF Packet Header Format

ospf Packet

:Version Number 2, 3 IPv6
:Type Packet
:Packet length Packet
:Router ID Router ID
Area 32Bit ipv4
-1 > (config-if)# router-id <ip address !!!!
loopback interface
-2 loopback ip address
!!!!!loopback interface
-3 ip physical interface
:Area ID Area packet
:Checksum Ospf Packet
:Authentication type clear Text MD5
:Authentication Authentication
:Data
:hello packet
:DBD packet LSDB Router_id
:LSR packet LSU

:LSU packet LSA
:LSAck packet
OSPF Network Types -8

OSPF
Point-to-point networks
HDLC & PPP DR or

BDR Hello Packet ip multicast 224.0.0.5

T1, DS-3, : SONET link
Broadcast Multiaccess (BMA) networks
Broadcast Multicast DR , BDR

BMA
Hello Packet IP Multicast 224.0.0.5
Other OSPF Packet IP Multicast 224.0.0.6

Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI Ethernet
Nonbroadcast Multiaccess (NBMA) networks
Broadcast
Configuration Router Neighbors OSPF packets unicast
X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM :
)Designated Routers (DR)& Backup Designated Routers(BDR

Multi-access LSA
LSA LSA
A D,B,C,E
B A,D,C,E
C A,B,D,E
D A, B,C,E
E A,B,C,D
!!!!!
) Update(LSA
interface LSA DR
DR BDR
Hello Packet DR BDR Area
DR&BDR

-1 interface priority DR BDR
Priority
Priority 8-bit Range 0 255 interfaces Cisco
priority by Default=1 ip ospf priority interface
multi-access

(a priority 0 interface DR BDR
(b interface DR interfaces DR
DR interface Topology
-2 interfaces Default=1
Router ID DR BDR Router ID OSPF Packet Types
-3 DR&BDR Router Priority
DR&BDR!!!!
!! DR BDR
BDR
-4 BDR DR wait timer
RouterDeadInterval
Neighbor Adjacencies -9
OSPF
OSPF interface Ospf Hello Packet
Multicast 224.0.0.5
Hello Packet EIGRP

Eigrp Hello Packet
Packet
Area ID &Router ID
:Hello and dead intervals
:Hello interval Hello Packet

ip ospf hello-interval
:The dead interval Packet
) (declaring neighbor Table Hello Interval
ip ospf dead-interval
by Default
the default hello interval is 10 seconds :On broadcast OSPF networks
The default dead interval is 40 seconds
the default hello interval is 30 seconds :On nonbroadcast networks
The default dead interval is 120 seconds
:Neighbors
:Router Priority Router Priority interface
:DR IP Address DR ip
:Authentication Password Password
:Stub Area Flag Area interface Backbone Area
Areas
Neighbors OSPF
-1 area ID.
-2 hello & dead intervals.
-3 authentication password
-4 Stub area flag.
Exchanging and Synchronizing LSDBs

OSPF

Interface Down , init , Two-Way

:Down Hello Packet
Hello Packet BMA Point to point Multicast 224.0.0.5
NBMA Unicast Unicast
:Init directly connected Hello Packet A
:2-Way A Hello Packet ) (directly connected
neighbor table
BMA DR BDR
Hello Packet
Discovering the Network Routes

DR BDR BMA

Exstart State Master Slave
DBD Packet
Master Router ID DR
BMA DR,BDR

Exchange State Master Master LSDB
Slave Slave LSDB Master
DBD Packet
LSAck DBD Packet Loading State
LSDB LSDB LSR
LSA
DR LSU Packet LSA LSA LSDB
Full State
: Full State Traffic
Full State LSDB
Maintaining Routing Information

OSPF
A Down

-1 A LSU Packet LSA IP Multicast 224.0.0.6
DR&BDR LSU LSAs
-2 Ack DR (Flooding LSU) LSU
DR 224.0.0.5
-3 LSU LSAck Packet DR
-4 B LSU
-5 LSU LSDB SPF
Configuring OSPF Routing -10

Configuring Basic OSPF Routing
>(config)# router ospf <process id
1-65535=Process id
)(Just in local Router
(config-router)# network ip-address wildcard-mask area area-id
: network ip-address interface OSPF
:wildcard-mask Net mask Bits Wildcard 0 Bits
Hosts 1
Network ID = 172.16.0.0
Netmask = 255.255.0.0
Wildcard mask = 0.0.255.255
Netmask by bits = 11111111.11111111.00000000. 00000000
Wildcard Mask = 00000000.00000000.11111111.11111111
: area-id Area Area 0 Backbone

interface ospf
Router(config-if)# ip ospf process-id area area-id
Configuring a Router ID
R ID Configuration
RID Loopback interface Physical interface
>(config-router)# router-id <ip address
loopback interface
(config)# int loopback 0
(config-if)# ip address ip mask
Router#clear ip ospf process
RID
: router priority
(config)# int e0/0
>(config-if)# ip ospf priority <no.
Cost
>1- (config-if)# ip ospf cost <no.
>2- (config-if)# bandwidth <no. in kbps
3- (config-router)# ospf auto-cost reference-bandwidth <no.>

(config-router)# timer spf <spf delay time> <spf hold time>
(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval <no. in sec>
(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval <no. in sec>
Destination
(config-router)# maximum-paths <no.>
Show commands
:show ip protocols
OSPF :show ip route ospf
OSPF interface :show ip ospf interface
LSA OSPF Timer Router Id :show ip ospf

Neighbor :show ip ospf neighbor
show ip ospf neighbor detail
: debug ip ospf events OSPF
* Router#clear ip route
Routing Table
Router#clear ip route A.B.C.D

OSPF Router Authentication

OSPF Authentication
Clear Text-1
MD5 :MD5-2

Configuring OSPF Password Authentication
Clear text password
Router(config-if)# ip ospf authentication-key password
MD5 password
Router(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key key-id md5 key
255 1 :key-id
16 byte Alphanumeric :Key
Authentication
Clear txt
Router(config-if)# ip ospf authentication
MD5
Router(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest
Authentication
Router(config-if)#ip ospf authentication null
Area
Router(config-router)# area area-id authentication [message-digest]
Troubleshooting Simple Password Authentication

debug ip ospf adj Troubleshooting
Successful Simple Password Authentication Example
Auth
Null Type 0
Simple password Type 1
MD5 Type 2

Verifying MD5 Authentication
Neighbor table Neighbor
show ip ospf neighbor
Successful MD5 Authentication Example
Key
Configuration OSPF on NBMA Networks -11

Point-to-point networks
Broadcast Multiaccess (BMA) networks
Nonbroadcast Multiaccess (NBMA) networks
Point To Point BMA Configuration
NBMA
Unicast
(X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM) : NBMA
Frame Relay

Star Topology hub-and-spoke

Full-mesh topology
Partial-mesh topology Full-mesh topology

Configuration
DR Neighbors NBMA Configuration
configuring OSPF on this NBMA network
Full-mesh topology
Topology
Subnet
Subnet
30 Sec
Hello Timer
( )Manual
RFC
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
Configuration
Rembrandt's configuration.
interface Serial0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay map ip 172.16.2.2 100
frame-realy map ip 172.16.2.3 300
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
neighbor 172.16.2.2
neighbor 172.16.2.3
neighbor 172.16.2.4
Hals's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
neighbor 172.16.2.1 priority 10
Vandyck's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 are a 0
Brueghel's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.4 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
DR DR Priority
DR Priority 10 172.16.2.1
configured as an OSPF broadcast network
Full-mesh topology
Topology
Subnet
Subnet
10 Sec
Hello Timer
( )Automatic
Cisco
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
Configuration
Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network broadcast
ip ospf priority 10
frame-relay map ip 172.16.2.2 100 broadcast
frame-realy map ip 172.16.2.3 300 broadcast
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf priority 0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0
ip ospf priority 0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.4 255.255.255.0
ip ospf priority 0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Priority 10 DR BMA NBMA

Cisco Configuration
configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.
Partial-mesh Or Star topology
Topology
Subnet
Subnet
30 Sec
Hello Timer
BDR DR
RFC
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
Configuration
Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.4 255.255.255.0

!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Point PVCs Point To Point NBMA

BDR DR To Point
configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.
Topology
Subnet
Subnet
30 Sec
Hello Timer
BDR DR
Cisco
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
Configuration
Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
map-group Leiden
frame-relay lmi-type q933a
frame-relay svc
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
neighbor 172.16.2.2 cost 30
Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
map-group Haarlem
frame-relay svc
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0
map-group Antwerp
frame-relay svc
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.2.4 255.255.255.0
map-group Brussels
frame-relay svc
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Unicast Multicast OSPF Packet

manually configured Neighbor
configured with point-to-point subinterfaces

Topology

Subinterface
Subnet
10 Sec
Hello Timer
BDR DR
Cisco
Adjacency
:RFC or Cisco
Cisco
Configuration
Rembrandt is configured with point-to-point subinterfaces.

interface Serial0
no ip address
interface Serial0.100 point-to-point
description -------------------------- to Hals
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.252
frame-relay interface-dlci 100
description -------------------------- to Vandyck
ip address 172.16.2.5 255.255.255.252
description -------------------------- to Brueghels
ip address 172.16.2.9 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Hals is configured with point-to-point subinterfaces.

interface Serial0
no ip address
interface Serial0.600
description --------------------------- to Rembrandt
ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Vandyck is configured with point-to-point subinterfaces.

interface Serial0
no ip address
description ---------------------------- to Rembrandt
ip address 172.16.2.6 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Brueghel is configured with point-to-point subinterfaces.

interface Serial0
no ip address
description ---------------------------- to Rembrandt
ip address 172.16.2.10 255.255.255.252
!
router ospf 1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
point to point sub Sub interface interface

ppp and hdlc wan fastethernet point to point b

Ospf SR

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Open Shortest Path First

Link-State Routing Protocols -3

LSA Link-state Database

Link state protocols Bandwidth

Rip Hope count 64k

OSPF Area Structure

OSPF Router Types

: Internal routers-1 interfaces Area

Cost= 108/BW of interface

Cost=10000 0000/10000 000=10

:Age-3 LSA 0 3600) 3600 ( LSA

Manet#show ip ospf database

Multiple instances of the same LSA

OSPF Packet Types -7

OSPF Packet Header Format

:LSR packet LSU

OSPF Network Types -8

HDLC & PPP DR or

Broadcast Multicast DR , BDR

Other OSPF Packet IP Multicast 224.0.0.6

)Designated Routers (DR)& Backup Designated Routers(BDR

Hello Packet EIGRP

:Hello interval Hello Packet

Exchanging and Synchronizing LSDBs

Interface Down , init , Two-Way

Discovering the Network Routes

Maintaining Routing Information

Configuring OSPF Routing -10

: area-id Area Area 0 Backbone

3- (config-router)# ospf auto-cost reference-bandwidth <no.>

OSPF interface :show ip ospf interface

LSA OSPF Timer Router Id :show ip ospf

show ip ospf neighbor detail

: debug ip ospf events OSPF

OSPF Router Authentication

Troubleshooting Simple Password Authentication

Configuration OSPF on NBMA Networks -11

configuring OSPF on this NBMA network

Hals's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

Vandyck's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

Brueghel's configuration specifying a neighbor priority.

configured as an OSPF broadcast network

Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF broadcast network.

Priority 10 DR BMA NBMA

configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

Partial-mesh Or Star topology

Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint network.

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

Point PVCs Point To Point NBMA

configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

Partial-mesh Or Star topology

Rembrandt's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

Hals's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

Vandyck's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

Brueghel's Frame Relay interface is configured as an OSPF point-to-multipoint, non-broadcast network.

Unicast Multicast OSPF Packet