Thc trng

Th gii:
Nhng v kin v mi trng chn ng d lun th gii
Theo www.vfej.vn - 11 thng trc Nhng ngy gn y, d lun trong nc ang nng ln trc vic hng trm ngi dn np n kin cng ty Vedan v cc hot ng gy nhim mi trng nghim trng ti tnh B Ra Vng Tu. Trn th gii cng tng c rt nhiu doanh nghip iu ng, thm ch phi ngng hot ng v khng tn trng cc quy c v bo v mi trng. Texaco, v n mi trng ln nht trong lch s th gii 30.000 ngi Da Ecuador kin cng ty du m M Texaco, trong v n mi trng c cho l ln nht lch s th gii. sau 16 nm tin hnh, v x ny sp kt thc, sau khi lut s thu thp bng chng v ch phn quyt ca to n. Nm 1964, Cng ty Texaco (M) l cng ty nc ngoi u tin khai thc vng rng nhit i Amazon. Sau 30 nm vi 64 t lt du ht ln t lng t, khu vc ny b tn ph nng n v mi trng, bnh tt, bo lc v ngho i. Nm 1994, Mt trn bo v vng Amazon c thnh lp quy t mi t chc v ngi dn kin Cng ty Texaco. V kin do lut s Steve Donziger New York (M) v lut s Pablo Fajardo Ecuador khi xng i Tp on du m Texaco thuc Tp on Chevron bi thng ti 27 t USD. 30.000 ngi Ecuador kin Texaco v cng ty ln lt 18 t gallon cht c hi xung cc khu rng nhit i Amazon thuc a phn ca Ecuador. Hng chc ngi cht v hng trm ngi khc cng s cht v ung th v cc bnh do nhim mi trng gy ra ti khu vc ny.

30.000 ngi Da Ecuador kin cng ty du m M Texaco, trong v n mi trng c cho l ln nht lch s th gii.

Theo cc lut s, Cng ty Texaco bit h lm g nhng tit kim cht chi ph, h "git cht "nhiu ngi. Gi h s b buc phi tr tin cho hnh ng v chu trch nhim v vic lm sai tri ca mnh. Cc lut s hy vng iu ny cng khin cc tp on khc phi nhn trch nhim v nhng hnh ng ph hu mi trng m h gy ra. Nm 2002, sau nhiu cuc iu tra, To n New York giao To n Ecuador xt x. y l ln u tin mt cng ty a quc gia phi hu to mt quc gia Nam M do b ngi dn bn x kin. u nm 2008, mt bo co ca cc chuyn vin nh gi thit hi mi trng do Texaco gy ra trong 26 nm l t 7-16 t USD. V n v mi trng gy chn ng Trung Quc Mt nm trc y, ln u tin Trung Quc chp nhn xt x mt v kin v nhim mi trng m nguyn n l mt t chc x hi bo v mi trng v b n l mt c quan nh nc. Ngy 28/7/2009, To n qun Thanh Trn, thnh ph Qu Dng, tnh Qu Chu th l v n Lin on Mi trng ton Trung Quc kin S Qun l ti nguyn v t ai Thanh Trn, do c quan ny tc trch trong vic qun l d n xy dng nh my bia.

Lin on Mi trng ton Trung Quc kin S Qun l ti nguyn v t ai Thanh Trn, do c quan ny tc trch trong vic qun l d n xy dng nh my bia, d n gy nh hng n ngun nc sinh hot ca ngi dn trong vng. D n khi ng t nm 1994 n nay vn cha xong v c kh nng gy nh hng n ngun nc sinh hot ca ngi dn trong vng. Theo Nht Bo Trung Quc, v xt x ny s ko di trong mt thng. Bo Ti Kinh nh gi vic To n Thanh Trn nhn xt x v kin trn khng nh vai tr i din ngi dn ca cc t chc x hi trong bo v mi trng ang ngy cng ln mnh Trung Quc. Hi u thng 7/2009, lin on trn cng a h s kin mt cng ty gy nhim khng kh v ting n thnh ph tnh Giang T ln c quan t php. Hng ro xanh v nhng v kin in hnh trong thng mi quc t

Hng ro xanh l bin php s dng cc tiu chun mi trng, v sinh an ton, dn nhn sinh thi nh ro cn bo h sn phm sn xut trong nc, chng li cc sn phm v cng ngh nhp khu vi l do cc sn phm v cng ngh ny khng p ng cc quy nh v bo v mi trng, an ton v sinh thc phm ca nc s ti. Trong lch s hot ng ca mnh, WTO v trc l GATT phi xem xt nhiu v vic tranh chp ca cc nc thnh vin lin quan n vic p dng hng ro xanh. C mt s v vic in hnh c nhc n nhiu trong thng mi quc t:

V kin c ng-c heo do Mexico v mt s nc khc kin Hoa K trong khun kh GATT vo nm 1991 V kin c ng-c heo do Mexico v mt s nc khc kin Hoa K trong khun kh GATT vo nm 1991: Ti vng bin nhit i pha Ty Thi Bnh Dng, c ng vng thng bi thnh n pha di n c heo. Khi nh bt c ng bng li, thng c heo cng b mc li, sau d c c g ra khi li v th li vo bin, c heo vn b cht. Chnh v vy Hoa K ban hnh tiu chun bo v c heo i vi cc tu nh bt c ng trong vng bin ny. Nu 1 nc xut khu c ng vo Hoa K khng chng t c vi cc c quan thm quyn Hoa K v vic tun th tiu chun ny th Hoa K s cm nhp khu c t nc . y chnh l l do Hoa K cm nhp khu c ng t Mexico. Tuy nhin, GATT khng chp thun v kin ny v cho rng Hoa K khng vi phm cc quy nh ca GATT. Sau vo nm 2002, Hoa K v Mexico ho gii v vic ngoi khun kh php lut. V kin ca Canada chng Cng ng Chu u thc hin cm nhp khu amiang v cc sn phm cha amiang: Ngy 28/ 5/1998, Canada yu cu Cng ng chu u t chc hi m v cc bin php do Php p t nhm cm nhp khu amiang v cc sn phm cha amiang, da trn cc quy nh ca Ngh nh ca Chnh ph Php ngy 24/11/1996. Sau ngy 8/10/1998, Canada yu cu thnh lp Bi thm on ca WTO gii quyt.

V kin ca Canada chng Cng ng Chu u thc hin cm nhp khu amiang v cc sn phm cha amiang do cht ny c kh nng gy hi nghim trng ti sc kho con ngi

u nm 1997 n , Malaysia, Pakistan v Thi Lan a ra v kin chng Hoa K ban hnh lnh cm nhp khu tm vi l do bo v ra bin. Ngy 18/10/2000 v sau ngy 12/3/2001 Bi thm on v Ban khng co ca WTO ln lt t chi khng can thip vo lnh ca Php cm nhp khu amiang v cc sn phm cha amiang v cho rng cc hip nh ca WTO ng h cc nc thnh vin bo v sc kho v an ton ca con ngi theo mc m cc nc ny thy ph hp. Vic gii quyt cc v kin thng mi lin quan n mi trng trong khun kh WTO c mt v d rt th v v vic ph hng ro xanh nh p dng quy tc minh bch v khng phn bit i x ca WTO. l v kin c bit n nh v kin tm-ra bin do n , Malaysia, Pakistan v Thi Lan chng li lnh cm nhp khu ca Hoa K.

Bo v mi trng vn l nhim v quan trng hng u m nhiu doanh nghip cn phi u tin u nm 1997 n , Malaysia, Pakistan v Thi Lan a ra v kin chng Hoa K ban hnh lnh cm nhp khu tm v cc sn phm t tm vi l do bo v ra bin. Theo Lut cc ging loi qu him Hoa K ban hnh nm 1973, ng dn Hoa K nh bt tm cn phi s dng dng c ngn chn ra bin mc li bo v loi sinh vt bin ang c nguy c dit chng ny. Nm 1989, ti iu 609 Lut Dn s Hoa K, quy nh ny c p dng c i vi cc tu nh bt tm ca cc nc xut khu vo Hoa K. Ban khng co ca WTO cho rng cc bin php ca Hoa K bo v ra bin l ph hp vi iu XX ca GATT, tuy nhin li khng ph hp vi nguyn tc ti hu quc. L do l c s phn bit i x ca Hoa K i vi cc thnh vin khc nhau ca WTO. Trc , tun theo quy nh ca iu 11 v iu 12 Hip nh TBT, Hoa K dnh u i cho cc nc vng bin Caribbe bng s tr gip k thut v ti chnh v cho php c giai on chuyn i di ng dn cc nc ny c th s dng cc dng c ngn chn ra bin mc vo li khi nh bt tm v xut khu vo Hoa K. Theo VTC

Viet Nam:
Mi trng t: C xu th thoi ho do xi mn, ra tri, mt cht hu c; kh hn, sa mc ho, ngp ng, l; trt, st l t; mn ho, phn ho... dn n nhiu vng t b cn ci, khng cn kh nng canh tc v tng din tch t b hoang mc ho. Mi trng nc: Cht lng nc thng lu cc con sng cn kh tt nhng vng h lu phn ln b nhim, nhiu ni nhim nghim trng. Cht lng nc suy gim mnh: nhiu ch tiu nh BOD, COD, NH4, tng N, tng P cao hn tiu chun cho php nhiu ln. Nc ngm mt s vng, c bit l mt s khu cng nghip v th c nguy c cn kit vo ma kh v mt s ni c du hiu b nhim do khai thc ba bi v khng ng k thut. Mi trng khng kh: Cht lng khng kh Vit Nam ni chung cn kh tt, c bit l nng thn v min ni. Th nhng vn bi li ang tr thnh vn cp bch cc khu th v cc khu cng nghip. Vic gia tng cc phng tin giao thng cng ang gy nhim khng kh nhiu ni. Nng ch, kh CO kh cao, trc tip gy hi n sc kho ca nhng ngi tham gia giao thng. Nhiu v chy rng gn y lm suy gim cht lng khng kh v gy ra mt s hin tng thin nhin khng bnh thng khc. Mi trng th v cng nghip: nhim do h thng tiu nc, thot nc lc hu, xung cp nhanh. Nng lc thu gom cht thi rn cn thp km; cht thi nguy hi cha c thu gom v x l theo ng quy nh. Trong khi , bi, kh thi, ting n... do hot ng giao thng vn ti ni th v mng li c s sn xut quy m va v nh cng vi h tng k thut th yu km, khng theo kp vi s gia tng dn s lm ny sinh cc vn bt cp v mt x hi v v sinh mi trng th. Mi trng lao ng, dn s v mi trng: Nhiu khu vc sn xut khng m bo tiu chun v sinh an ton lao ng, gia tng t l mc bnh ngh nghip. Dn s Vit Nam thuc loi ng trn th gii, gy p lc rt ln ln mi trng. Mi trng nng thn v min ni: Vi hn 75% dn s sng nng thn min ni, song t l h x hp v sinh ch chim 28-30%. S h c cung cp nc sch ch t khong 50% do cc h tc lc hu, cch sng thiu v sinh. Nn cht ph rng lm nng ry, nhim mi trng cc lng ngh, lm dng ho cht trong canh tc nng nghip cng gp phn lm suy thoi t canh tc, nhim ngun nc v suy gim a dng sinh hc. Rng v che ph thm thc vt: che ph rng tng nhng cht lng rng cha c ci thin, vn tip tc b suy gim. Rng t nhin u ngun v rng ngp mn b tn ph nghim trng. a dng sinh hc: Vit Nam l mt trong mi quc gia c a dng sinh hc thuc dng cao nht trn th gii. Tuy nhin, nhng nm gn y, a dng sinh hc nc ta b suy gim mnh do chy rng, do chuyn i mc ch s dng t ai, lm thu hp ni c tr ca cc ging loi. Nn khai thc v nh bt qu mc, bun bn tri php ng vt, thc vt qu him vn tip din... Mi trng bin ven b: Vit Nam c b bin di hn 3.200km nhng trong vng 20 nm qua, din tch rng ngp mn nc ta gim hn mt na. L qut, triu cng, sng bin dn ti st l b bin lm cho cc loi sinh vt b mt ni c tr, suy gim mnh v chng loi v s lng. Kiu Minh

(Theo_VietNamNet)

V Vedan x cht thi ra sng Th Vi l v gy nhim mi trng c Cc Cnh st mi trng - B Cng an Vit Nam phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng Vit Nam pht hin ngy 13 thng 9 nm 2008 ti Cng ty Vedan Vit Nam. T phn nh, bc xc ca ngi dn a phng v tnh trng ln lt x nc thi khng qua x l ra mi trng, sau hn 3 thng theo di, ngy 13 thng 9 nm 2008, on kim tra lin ngnh bt qu tang Cng ty Vedan ng ti huyn Long Thnh, tnh ng Nai x mt lng nc thi ln cha qua x l ra sng Th Vi. Theo c tnh, Vedan c th x nc thi ti 5.000 m3/ngy ra sng.[1] Theo nhn nh ban u, vic lp t h thng x dch thi ca Cng ty Vedan l vi phm cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng.[2]. Theo i t Lng Minh Tho, hnh vi vi phm ny l c bit nghim trng. Ti hin trng, Ph Gim c ph trch vn phng Cng ty Vedan Vit Nam tha nhn hnh vi vi phm ca cng ty.[1] Ngy 19 thng 9, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng cng b kt qu iu tra 10 sai phm ca Vedan, bao gm: 1. X nc thi vt tiu chun cho php t 10 ln tr ln i vi nh my sn xut tinh bt bin tnh ca cng ty. 2. X nc thi vt tiu chun cho php t 10 ln tr ln i vi cc nh my sn xut bt ngt v lysin ca cng ty. 3. X nc thi vt tiu chun cho php t 10 ln tr ln i vi cc nh my khc ca cng ty. 4. Np khng y cc s liu iu tra, kho st, quan trc v cc ti liu lin quan khc cho c quan lu tr d liu thng tin v mi trng theo quy nh ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn. 5. Khng ng k cam kt bo v mi trng vi c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng i vi tri chn nui heo. 6. Khng lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng m xy dng v a cng trnh vo hot ng i vi d n u t nng cng sut phn xng sn xut xtaxit t 3.116 tn/thng ln 6.600 tn/thng. 7. Khng lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng m xy dng v a cng trnh vo hot ng i vi d n u t nng cng sut cc nh my bt ngt t 5.000 tn/thng ln 15.000 tn/thng, tinh bt bin tnh t 2.000 tn/thng ln 4.000 tn/thng, lysin t 1.200 tn/thng ln 1.400 tn/ thng, bt gia v cao cp 20 tn/thng, PGA 700 tn/nm, phn Vedagro 70.000 tn/nm (rn), 280.000 tn/nm (lng). 8. Thi mi hi thi, mi kh chu trc tip vo mi trng khng qua thit b hn ch mi trng. 9. Qun l cht thi nguy hi khng ng quy nh v bo v mi trng. 10. Cng ty x nc thi vo ngun nc khng ng v tr quy nh trong giy php.
[3]

Ngy 6 thng 10, Chnh Thanh tra B Ti nguyn Mi trng ra quyt nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh v bo v mi trng i vi Vedan vi tng s tin pht l 267,5 triu ng, buc truy np ph bo v mi trng hn 127 t ng. Ngy 13 thng 10,Th tng Chnh ph Vit Nam c kin ch o cc c quan chc nng khn trng, kin q yt t chc thc hin cc bin php x l vic vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng i vi Cng ty Vedan.[4]

Piaggio Vit Nam b pht v gy nhim mi trng

S Ti nguyn - Mi trng Vnh Phc cho bit, qua kim tra Cng ty TNHH Piaggio Vit Nam ng ti th trn Hng Canh, huyn Bnh Xuyn, tnh Vnh Phc, c quan ny pht hin nc thi ca nh my c nhiu ch tiu vt qu gii hn cho php, c mi kh chu, gy nh hng n sc kho ngi dn ln cn. S phi hp vi Ban Quan l cc khu cng nghip, Phng Cnh st mi trng Cng an tnh v huyn Bnh Xuyn nhiu ln kim tra v vic chp hnh php lut v bo v mi trng ti cng ty, nhng n nay cng ty vn khng chp hnh, kh thi, nc thi ca doanh nghip vn tip tc x ra mi trng xung quanh, gy nhim mi trng. Theo www.vinacorp.vn 21/7/2011