ΤΟ ΒΗΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΑΣΚΛΗΠΙΟΥ Τομ 9 Τευχ 4, (Οκτ-Δεκ 2010)

9 , 4 , - 2010
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1. Asadi-Lari M, Packham C, Gray D. Unmet health needs in patients with coronary heart
disease: implications and potential for improvement in caring services. Health Qual Life
Outcomes. 2003 ;1:26.
2. Robinson J, Elkan R. Health needs assessment, theory and practice. Churchill Livingstone,
New York, 1996.
3. Asadi-Lari M, Packham C, Gray D. Patients' satisfaction and quality of life in coronary artery
disease. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:57.
4. Asadi-Lari M, Packham C, Gray D. Psychometric properties of a new health needs analysis

tool designed for cardiac patients. Public Health.2005;119(7):590-8.
396
9 , 4 , - 2010
Copyright 2010
5. Veenstra M, Pettersen KI, Rollag A, Stavem K. Association of changes in health-related quality

of life in coronary heart disease with coronary procedures and socio-demographic
characteristics. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2004;2:56.
397
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E-mail: ifigenia1@mycosmos.gr
REVIEW
Satisfaction of patients from provided quality of care

Kotsagiorgi Ifigenia1 , Gkeka Kalliroi2
1. RN, MSc, Hospital Korgialenio-Benakio

2. RN, Hospital Korgialenio-Benakio
Abstract
During recent years, the interest of health professionals has turned more and more towards to
satisfaction of patients by the provided care of health.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to review the literature about the satisfaction of patients
by the the provided care of health.
The method f this study included bibliography research from both the review and the research
literature, mainly in the pubmed data base which referred to the satisfaction of patients by the
provided care of health.
Results: According to the literature, satisfaction of patients needs consists a complex issue. As
implementation of patients needs is defined the level of satisfaction of patients expectations
related to personal experience and to the meet of internal needs. The results of recent studies
indicate that the expectation of patients and the health professionals should coincide having as
ultimate goal the reassurance of co-operation. It is widely accepted that the meet of needs is
related to better clinical outcome since satisfied patients are more likely to accept medical
treatment, to have active participation in their care and maintain trust of services of health care.
Furthermore, assessment of satisfaction of patients needs contributes to the improvement of

399
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9 , 4 , - 2010
health care services and to better management of cost for health. Finally, it is widely accepted
that the meet of needs consists a credible index of quality of care.
Conclusions: Though the satisfaction of patients needs is a subjective issue, however, it should
consist an integral part of the treatment.
Key words: Patients satisfaction, needs of patients, quality of care, perceptions of patients and
health professionals.
Corresponding author
Kotsagiorgi Ifigenia,
Korinthias 38, Ampelokipi,
Athens, PC 115-27
E-mail: ifigenia1@mycosmos.gr

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1. Ervin
NE.
Does patient
satisfaction
contribute to nursing care quality? J

Nurs Adm. 2006;36(3):126-30.
2. Anderson EB. Patient-centeredness: a

new approach. Nephrol News Issues.
2002 ;16(12):80-2.
406
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3. Robinson JH., Callister LC., Berry JA.,

Dearing KA. Patient-centered care and
adherence: definitions and applications
11. Donabedian A. The quality of care. How

can it be assessed? 1988. Arch Pathol
Lab Med. 1997;121(11):1145-50.
to improve outcomes. J Am Acad Nurse
12. Marquis MS., Davies AR., Ware JE Jr.
4. Johansson P., Olni M., Fridlund B.
medical care provider: a longitudinal
Pract. 2008;20(12):600-7.
Patient satisfaction with nursing care in
the context of health care: a literature

study.
Scand
2002;16(4):337-44.
Caring
Sci.
5. Osterfeld E. Aristotle on the good life and
quality of life. In: Nordenfelt L (ed.),

Concepts and Measurement of Quality of
Patient
satisfaction
and
change
in
study. Med Care. 1983;21(8):821-9.
13. Oldridge N., Gottlieb M., Guyatt G., Jones

N., Streiner D., Feeny D.: Predictors of
health-related quality of life with cardiac
rehabilitation after acute myocardial
infarction. J Cardiopulmonary Rehabil

1998;18(2):95-103.
Life in Health Care, Amsterdam: Kluwer,
14. Thompson DR., Meadows KA., Lewin RJ.
6. Bond S., Thomas L.H. Measuring patients
coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J
1994; 1934.
satisfaction with nursing care. Journal of

advanced Nursing 1992; 17, 52-56.
7. Asadi-Lari M., Tamburini M., Gray D.

Patients' needs, satisfaction, and health
related
quality
of
life:
towards
comprehensive model. Health Qual Life

Outcomes. 2004;2:32.
8. Asadi-Lari M., Packham C., Gray D. Need
for redefining needs. Health Quality Life

Outcomes 2003;1:34.
9. Packham C., Asadi-Lari M.,. Gray D.

Patients
needs and Quality of Life.
Outcomes 2004;1:40-42.
10. Guldvog B.: Can patient satisfaction

improve health among patients with
angina pectoris? Int J Qual Health Care.

1999; 11(3):233-40.
Measuring quality of life in patients with

1998;19(5):693-5.
15. Bellack JP., ONeil EH. Recreating nursing

practice
for
new
century:
Recommendations and implications of
the Pew Health Professions Commissions

Final Report. Nursing and Health Care
Perspectives, 2000; 21(1):14-21.
16.
,
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.
, ,
, 1996.
17. Faden R., Leple ge A. Assessing quality

of life: Moral implications for clinical
407
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9 , 4 , - 2010
practice. Med Care 1992, 30, 5:MS166

MS175.
18. WHO: Preamble to the Constitution of
bibliographic review of the literature

from 1974 to 2007. J Exp Clin Cancer
Res. 2008;27:32.
as
24. Spertus JA., Jones P., McDonell M., Fan V.,
Conference, New York, 19-22 June, 1946;
outcome in outpatients with coronary
the
World
Health
Organization
adopted by the International Health

signed
on
22
July
1946
by
the
representatives of 61 States (Official

Records
of
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World
Health
Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered

into force on 7 April 1948.
19. Wen
KY.,
Gustafson
DH.
Needs
assessment for cancer patients and their
families. Health Qual Life Outcomes.

2004;2:11.
20. Timmins F.: A review of the information
needs of patients with acute coronary

syndromes. Nursing in Critical Care;
2005;10(4):174-83
21. Crooks DL., Whelan TJ., Reyno L., Willan

A., Tozer R., Mings D., et al. The Initial
Health Assessment: an intervention to
identify the supportive care needs of
cancer patients. Support Care Cancer.

2004;12(1):19-24.
22. Soothill K., Morris SM., Harman J.,

Francis B., Thomas C., McIllmurray MB.
The significant unmet needs of cancer
Fihn SD. Health status predicts long-term

disease. Circulation 2002; 106(1):43-9.
25. Atkinson
MJ.,
Caldwell
L.:
The
differential effects of mood on patients'
ratings of life quality and satisfaction
with their care. J Affect Disord 1997;

44(2-3):169-75.
26. Asadi-Lari M., Tamburini M., Gray D.

Patients' needs, satisfaction, and health
related
quality
comprehensive
of
life:
model
Towards
Published:
29
June 2004 Health and Quality of Life

Outcomes 2004; 2:32.
27. Vuori H. Patient satisfaction an attribute

or indicator of the quality of care?
Quality
Review
13(3):106-8.
28. .,
Bulletin
1999;
.,
., ., .,
.
.
2009;48(1):94-104.
patients: probing psychosocial concerns.

Support Care Cancer. 2001;9(8):597605.
23. Montazeri A. Health-related quality of

life
in
breast
cancer
patients:
408
9 , 4 , - 2010
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E-mail: sarmar32@windowslive.com
REVIEW
Causes of infertility
Saridi Maria1 , Georgiadi Elpida 2
1. RN, MSc, General Hospital of Korinthos

2. RN, MSc, General Hospital Laiko
Abstract
Infertility seems to be a multidimensional health issue with personal, economic and social
dimensions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 8-10% of
couples are facing some kind of infertility problem. Infertility is defined as the inability of getting
pregnant after trying for at least 6 months or one year, for women over 35 years old, without use
of birth control means and while having normal sexual intercourse.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to review the literature about the causes f infertility, as
well as the risk factors.
The method f this study included bibliography research from both the review and the research
literature, mainly of the last five years in the pubmed data base which referred to the causes f
infertility, as well as the risk factors.
Results: During recent years, it has been noticed a remarkable increase in the prevalence of
infertility, globally. According to the literature, nowadays, infertility occurs not only due to
health problems but it may also be a result of the choices imposed by the modern lifestyle.
Results of recent studies indicate that, regarding womens aspect, problems of fallopian tubes,
ovary, matrix or disorders menstruation, are the main causes of infertility, while in regard to
410
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9 , 4 , - 2010
mens aspect,
the poor quality of sperm and varicocele. Other contributing factors were
environmental, socio-economic as well as advanced age of child-bearing and smoking.
Conclusions: As it is supported by published evidence, infertility is an issue of great complexity,
which threatens with demographic problem. Information of couples regarding risk factors
consist the cornerstone for prevention.
Key words: Infertility, causes of infertility, risk factors.

Saridi Maria
E-mail: sarmar32@hotmail.com
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technologies are an integrated part of

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Hum Reprod Update. 2008;14(6):5392.
3. WHO.
Manual
for
the
standardized
investigation, diagnosis and management
of the infertile male. Cambridge University

Press. 2000.
4. Boivin J., Bunting L., Collins JA., Nygren KG.

International
prevalence
estimates
and
of
infertility
treatment-seeking:
potential need and demand for infertility

medical
care.
2007;22(6):1506-12.
2. Ziebe S., Devroey P. Assisted reproductive
Hum
Reprod.
5. Roupa Z., Polikandrioti M., Sotiropoulou P.,
Faros E., Koulouri A., Wozniak G., Gourni M.

Causes
of
infertility
in
women
at
reproductive age. Health Science Journal.

2009, Vol 3, Issue 2.
6. Kelly-Weeder S., Cox CL. The impact of

lifestyle risk factors on female infertility.
Women Health. 2006;44(4):1-23.
7. Ombelet W., Cooke I., Dyer S., Serour G.,
infertility medical services in developing
,

.
1. Benagiano G., Bastianelli C., Farris M.
Infertility: a global perspective. Minerva

Ginecol. 2006;58(6):44557.
Devroey P. Infertility and the provision of

countries.
Hum
2008;14(6):605-21.
Reprod
Update.
8. Klein J., Sauer MV. Assessing fertility in

women of advanced reproductive age. Am J
Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185(3):758-70.
9. Wu MH., Shoji Y., Chuang PC., Tsai SJ.
Endometriosis: disease pathophysiology

417
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9 , 4 , - 2010
and the role of prostaglandins. Expert Rev

Mol Med. 2007;9(2):1-20.
10. .
. . , , 1998.
11.
: www.gynecology.gr.
: 2-9-09
12. Brugh VM., Lipshultz LI. Male factor
infertility : evaluation and management.

Med Clin North Am. 2004;88(2):367-85.
13. Bhasin S. Approach to the infertile man. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab.2007;92(6) : 19952004.
14. Kolettis PN. Evaluation of the sub fertile
19. Baird DT., Collins J., Egozcue J., Evers LH.,

Gianaroli L., Leridon H., et al. Fertility and
ageing.
Hum
2005;11(3):261-76.
Reprod
Update.
20. Pal L., Santoro N. Age related decline in
fertility. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am.

2003;32(3):669-88.
21. Sotysiak E. The influence of socioeconomic

factors on female fertility. Ginekol Pol.
2005;76(12):986-90.
22. Schmidt
L.
Social
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reproduction what are the research priorit
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man. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am.
23. Schmidt L., Holstein BE., Christensen U.,
15. Kolettis PN., Sabanegh ES. Significant
predictors of fertility problem stress:
2003;32(3):689-707.
medical pathology discovered during a

male
infertility
evaluation.
Urol.
.,
2001;166(1):178-80.
16.
.,
Boivin J. Communication and coping as

cohort study of 816 participants who did
not achieve a delivery after 12 months of
fertility
treatment.
2005;20(11):324856.
Hum
Reprod.
., ., .,
24. ., ., .,
-. .
.
2009, 8, 3.
17. Stefankiewicz J., Kurzawa R., Drozdzik M.
Environmental factors distributing fertility

of men. Ginekol Pol. 2006;77(2): 163-169.
18. Carlsen E., Giwercmen A., Keiding N.,

Skakkebaek N. Evidence for decreasing
quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ

1992; 305:609-13.
., ., .
. .
2009, 8, 4.
25. Lee TY., Sun GH., Chao SC., Chen CC.
Development of the coping scale for

infertile
couples.
2000;45(3):14954.
Arch
Androl.
26. Peterson BD., Newton CR., Rosen KH.,
Skaggs GE. Gender differences in how men

418
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9 , 4 , - 2010
and women who are referred for IVF cope

with
infertility
stress.
2006;21(9):24439.
Hum
Reprod.
27. Olea N., Fernandez MF. Chemicals in the

environment
fertility.Occup
and
2007;64(7):430-1.
human
Environ
male
Med.
28. Queiroz EK., Waissmann W. Occupational

exposure
and
effects
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the
male
reproductive system. Cad Saude Publica.

2006;22(3):485-93.
29. Aitken J., Skakkebaek N., Roman Sh. Male

reproductive health and the environment.
MJA 2006;185(8):414-15.
30. Spaniak S., Forges T., Monnier-Barbarino
P. Cigarette smoking and fertility in women

and
men.
Gynecol
2006;34(10):945-9.
31. Practice
Society
Smoking
Committee
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and
Obstet
of
the
Reproductive
infertility.
2006;86(5 Suppl):S172-7.
Fertil.
American
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Fertil
Steril.
32. Berthiller J., Sasco AJ. Smoking (active or
passive) in relation to fertility, medically

assisted procreation and pregnancy. J
Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod. 2005;34 Spec

No 1:3S47-54.
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,
12, 14568, ,
: 6977441502,
E-mail: theofi@otenet.gr
REVIEW
Psychiatric disorders in chronic periodic haemodialysis

Theofilou A. Paraskevi
Health Psychology (PhD), Panteion University, Department of Psychology

Abstract
The progress in Medical and Nursing Science has contributed significantly to the lengthening of
life expectancy regarding several categories of ill people with chronic diseases. However, when
the quality of life depends on the periodic correction of biological parameters, as with people
with chronic renal failure, this situation affects both the patient and the environment.
The aim of the present study is the evaluation of psychiatric disorders which are presented in
haemodialysis patients as well as the influence of these disorders on their quality of life.
Material and method: Review of relative bibliography was made in electronic basis of Medline
(19802009) using as key words haemodialysis, chronic renal failure, quality of life, psychiatric
disorders. Complementary bibliography was found through other electronic search engines.
Results: The chronic character and the frequency of renal failure, the possible dysfunction in the
movement as well as the necessary long treatment cause problems, which extend the disease
beyond the medical area offering socioeconomic dimensions, which complicate the associated
psychiatric disorders.
Conclusions: These patients suffer from the disease as well as from the treatment and at the
same time they are faced with the number of the accompanying and interrelated problems,
which come up in their everyday living and prescribe restrictively their way of life.
Key words: Psychiatric disorders, haemodialysis, chronic renal failure.
421
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9 , 4 , - 2010
Paraskevi Theofilou,
12 ratous, 14568, Kryoneri of Attica,
Tel: 6977441502,
E-mail: theofi@otenet.gr,
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2. Apostolou T, Gokal R. Quality of life after
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peritoneal dialysis. In Gokal R, Khanna R,
12. Christensen A, Ehlers S. Psychological
Peritoneal Dialysis. Great Britain, Kluwer
Emerging Context for Behavioral Medicine
Krediet RTh, Nolph KD. Textbook of

Academic Publishers, 2000. 709-35.
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Quality of life in end - stage renal disease
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440
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9 , 4 , - 2010

1 , 2
1. , MSc ,
,
..
2. , MSc ,

.
, (Endoscopic Sclerotherapy - EST)
(Endoscopic Variceal Ligation - EVL).
: H
(EST) (banding) (EVL)

.
-:
, ,
25 Medline.
: EST
. , EVL

. H EVL
EST ,
.
441
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
:
,
: , , ,

,
66-68, 11634 ,
. 2107250459, 6937709015,
E-mail: ldokout@gmail.com
REVIEW
ndoscopic sclerotherapy and variceal ligation: Nursing approach

Dokoutsidou Helen 1, Kantianis Alexandros 2
1. RN, Nurse of Infection Control Department, MSc in Gastroenterology Nursing, PhD(c) Student,
Evaggelismos Hospital, Athens
2. RN, MSc in Gastroenterology Nursing, PhD Student
Abstract
The increased morbidity rate, as well as the considerable mortality rate that oesophageal varices
induce, render variceal bleeding prevention and therapy crucial to the overall treatment of
portal hypertension. For this reason, there are two endoscopic techniques broadly used: the
endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) and the endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL).
Aim: A review on the nurses role and significance in the endoscopic techniques of sclerotherapy
(EST) and variceal ligation (EVL) based on recent bibliography.
Material - Method: An overview of resent Greek and international literature mainly of nursing
interest published during the last 25 years, on Medline.
Results: EST remains the corner stone of acute variceal bleeding treatment. On the other hand,
EVL has become the endoscopic treatment of choice for the prevention of recurrence of this
442
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
serious portal hypertension complication. However, their implementation in variceal bleeding

primary prevention is confined only to cases that medication is either inadvisable or ineffective.
EVL displays more technical difficulties when compared with EST and requires further
experience, although complications of the former are altogether fewer and less significant than
those of the latter.
Conclusions: The nurse who is integrally trained and familiarized plays a significant role both in
the evaluation of the patients clinical course before, during and after the endoscopic process,
and the appreciation of whether the endoscopic implementation has achieved its aims or not.
Key words: Gastroesophageal varices, variceal bleeding, endoscopic sclerotherapy, endoscopic

variceal ligation.
Dokoutsidou Eleni
66-68 Astidamandos Street, GR- 11634 Athens
Tel. +30 210-7250459, +30 6937709015
E-mail: ldokout@gmail.com
30% 6-8
( 48 )
50%,
1/3
50%.
.

70% .1,2-5
.1
443
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
10-12 mmHg.
,
.6

Child-Pugh,

(cherry red
spots)
.7
, ,
,
(banding)

EST
EVL,

(),
(EST)
(EST)
1939

Johnston
Rodgers, 1955

, 1970

444
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
.8,9
EST ,
80-100%.

6%
(Child C),
90%.

EST ,
,
,
.10-14
EST,
EST
(free
hand
technique)
( ).
( ),
. 10,15
, : 9 )
EST,
,
) EST,
24 ,
30
15
445
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
, ) N-Butyl-2-
4 7 ,
1-3
.16-18
: 9,10,15,19 ) 1% 3%
(polidocanol 1% 3%),
.
,
5% (ethanolamine oleate 5%)
, )
Sodium
Tetradecyl
Sulfate-STS
1%
3%
Cyanocrylate (Histoacryl blue),

,

.
,

20sec
.
0,5-1ml. ,
Histoacryl
,
, ,
/ )
, )
sodium morhuate 5%,

,
, )
446
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
15ml
,
. 10,15,20
EST

0,5cm
(,
1-2ml
EST
,
,
,
EST .

23 Gauge.
) .
3,2-
3,8mm,
15ml

),
. ,

. 9,10,15
4-6
EST
10-30%
EST
447
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
5-7
(, ),
. ,
,
.
EST
,
. 8,9
(10-25%)
(25%)
,

. 8,10
2)

.9
3) (<380 C) 20%

, .

EST,

.9
4)
.
1)
(2.9%)
30%

. 9,15,19
5)

(10-20%)
EST
5 7

, .. . H

448
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
.
:
.
. ,

,
.9,15,19
6)
6.5% ,
, , ,

. 9,15,19
2)
50%
. 9
. :
1)
,
,
.9,15,19
, : 8,14,15,19-22
, 2) ,
3) , 4)
(ARDS),
1) 2-3
.

5)
, 30%

449
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
(shunt),
5)
6)
7)

(EVL)
1986 Stiegman
/ ,
8)
9)
EST

:9,14,21,22
shock
,
EST
),
EST (

), )
, )
EST

. 23
. 24
95%
EVL 90-
28
),
. 23
EVL

450
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
.
,
-overtube (
),
,
. 9,10,15,20
EVL
, -
. ,

, .

2-3
cm.
5 8

. 9,10,15,29

,

,
,

,
.
451
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010

. 9,15,26,30
: 19,25,21,30-32
EST/EVL.
(overtube).
EST/EVL
(2.39%).

1.19% . 10,15,19
EST EVL
EST EVL
EST/EVL.
EST/EVL.
EST/EVL
EVL
(1.19%),
EVL
, ,
, ,
.
: )
,
452
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
. ,
EST/EVL

,
.
,

,
( Sim),
. EST,
( )

. EVL,
2 .
6-8 .
()
.
453
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
, ,
EST EVL
. ,
spray
(), ,

, , ,
) ,
,.
. EST/EVL

EST/EVL.
,
454
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
EST/VL
EST,
(,
, )
, ,
,
.
. EVL
EST,

24 .
, EVL
.

455
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
).
, EVL EST
,
EVL
EST.
. EST
,
EVL
EVL
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1, 2 , 3
1. , MSc ,
2. ,
3. , MSc ,
:
.
:
(MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS) 2009.
,

.
:
) ,
, ,
, )
, ) ,

.
460
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
.
, .
: , , , .

4, , :27100,
:2621032528,6945609047
-mail:sakisstav@hotmail.com
SPECIAL ARTICLE
The role of nursing science in global climate ghange

Stavrianopoulos Theodosios1, Gkevreki Eleftheria 2, Gourvelou Ourania 3
1. RN, Msc, General Hospital of Pyrgos Ilia
2. RN, Head Nurse of Pediatric Clinic, General Hospital of Pyrgos Ilia

3. RN, Msc, General Oncology Hospital AGIOI ANARGIROI
Abstract
Global climate change has had and will have considerable effects on human health. Nursing must
become more centrally involved in mitigation, reducing the acidity and response efforts of the
problem.
Aim: The review of contemporary literature available data regarding the role it can play in
nursing science to global climate change.
Material and Methods: The method used to search electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL,
SCOPUS) for review of foreign language literature in 2009. The search took place in December
2009. As eligible for the literature review, the studies found that developing a framework for
modern professional nursing action to address and reduce the acidity of global climate change.
461
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
Results: The main modes of action can be taken by nursing to reduce the acidity of the problem
is a) common tactics, which may be followed by all nurses, leading by example, giving advice and
taking political action, b) to determine the specificity and the contribution of nursing in specific
areas of general health systems, c) right priority of sites, namely the geographical environment
is critical and determines the nature of the professional response and d) public surveys and
studies on which nurses need to base their decisions because the nursing needs a dedicated area
for research to support environmentally activity.
Conclusions: The nursing should be linked closely with other professions and sectors in order
to maximize national and international efforts to mitigate and combat climate change. The
profession's response to climate change should be as varied as the sector itself, and from all
countries.
Key words: Climate change, nurses, nursing action, environment.

Stavrianopoulos Theodosios
Archimidous 4 , Pirgos Ilias, Greece, P.C: 27100,
el:2621032528,6945609047
-mail:sakisstav@hotmail.com
, ,
1 .
1980
, Florence Nightingale
,

1950

462
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
, ,
2-4 .
,
.
.
,
. 16
1990,
5-9 .
17

) , )
10-14 .
,

. 15
463
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
(MEDLINE,
CINAHL, SCOPUS)
2009.

,
,
2009.
.18,19
. ,

. ,


. 18-21
(
464
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
,

.
.17
,
. 20,21

,

,
,
.
. 17
,
.
,
,
465
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
, ,

. 22
,
. 22
).22
,
. 22

. 17,23,24
. 17

466
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
, ,
. ,
V AIDS
. 25
. ,

,
,
,
.

. 24,26
,
. 21
. 17
.
.

. 17
467
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
. 27,28
, ,
,
. 29,30
.

. 29
,
, .
468
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
),
, ,
,
. 10-14
. 11
,
,

).
,
. 15
150.000 31 .
, ,
,
469
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010

,
. 15,21,31
,
,
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472
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
18-30
(31-40 )

1 , 2, 3 , 4 ,
5 , 6
1. , MSc, ... . ,
2. , MSc, NFESC, Phd(c)
3. ,
4. , ATEI
5. ,
6.

() .
18-30
31-40 .
:
18-40 ,
.
, SPSS 13
x2 .
: 81,2% 18,8% .
80,1 % 19,9% . 34,6%

, 21,2% , 20,1%
16,2% . 46,3% .
69,7% 18-30 74,5% 31-40
77,3% 18-30 77,0% 31-40
. ,
473
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
18-30
31-40 , p<0,001. ,
, 18-
30 31-40 , p=0,018 p=0,041, . ,

31-40 , 18-30 , p=0,041 p<0,001,

.
: ,
18-30 31-40
. ,
.
: , , , .

,
9, 11251 . ,
.2108830048 & 6938121244,
E-mail: kosmirabill@yahoo.gr
ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparison of reasons of admission of young, age 18-30 years old

in Intensive Care Unit to young adult, age 31-40 years old due to
road accident
Tziallas Vasilios 1 , Tziallas Dimitrios 2, Ligga Vasiliki 3, Kastanioti Catherina4 , Douloudis Vaios5 ,
Tsalkanis Aggelos6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
RN, MSc, General Hospital Genimatas, Athens

RN, MSc, NFESC, Phd (c) Head Nurse in General Hospital of Ioannina
RN, Nurse Hospital of Korinthos
Ass. Professor, Faculty of Health Management, ATEI Kalamata
Physiotherapist of General Hospital Elpis, Athens
Professor in Department of Social Work TEI, Athens
474
9 , 4 , - 2010
Copyright 2010
Abstract
During recent years, it has been noticed a remarkable increase in frequency of admission of
young individuals in Intensive Care Units (ICU) due to road accidents.
The aim of the present study was to compare the reasons of admission of young individuals 1830 years old to young adults 31-40 years old in ICU due to road accident.
Method and material: The sample studied consisted of individuals 18-40 years old that were
hospitalized in ICU due to road accident. Data were collected by the completion of a specially
designed clinical protocol for the needs of the research. For the analysis of data the statistical
package SPSS 13 was used and the x2 method.
Results: 81,2% of the sample-studied were men and 18,8% women. Regarding nationality, 80,1
% were Greek and 19,9% foreigner. 34,6% of the participants were unemployed, 21,2% were
working in private sector, 20,1% were free-lancers and 16,2% students. 46,3% of individuals
were admitted in ICU after transfer of another hospital. In 69,7% of the participants age 18-30
years old and 74,5% of 31-40 years old road took place accident at night and 77,3% 18-30 years
old and 77,0% of 31-40 years old road accident took place on the way to entertainment.
The statistical analysis of data showed that : road accidents were the main reason for admission
in ICU of young individuals of age 18-30 years old with statistically significant difference
compared to those 31-40 years old, p<0,001. Brain injuries as well as admission of motorcycle
drivers were more frequent in individuals of age 18-30 years old with statistically significant
difference compared to those
31-40 years old, p=0,018 and p=0,041, respectively. On the
contrary, admission of car-drivers and those who had consumed alcohol were more frequent in
individuals of age 31-40 years old with statistically significant difference compared to group 18-
30 years old, p=0,041 and , p<0,001, respectively.
Conclusions: More often admitted in ICU motorcycle drivers of age 18-30 years old, whereas of
the group age 31-40 years the car-drivers and those that had consumed alcohol. Furthermore,
the results of the present study highlight the importance of ICU in every hospital.
Key words: Road accidents, admission in Intensive Care Unit, risk factors, age.
475
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
Tziallas Vasilios,
Maurogenous 9, 11251, Ag. Panteleimon,
Tel: 2108830048 & 6938121244,
E-mail: kosmirabill@yahoo.gr
, 2020
. 1,2,3
40 .
,
80%
16-44
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. 2
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,
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,

476
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
. 4
().5
.
,
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.6
18-30
31-40
.
.
18-30

, 31-40 .
18-40 ,

2005-2007 .
,
, 518 ,
2 : 18-30
31-40 .

SPSS 13.
()
(%) ,

.
477
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
( ),
74,5% 31-40
Pearsons 2,
69,7% 18-30
, 77,3% 18-
30 77,0%
Students t-test.
57,5% 18-30

2005-2007, 4252. 12,2%
18-40

, 68,9%
18-30 31,1%
31-40 .
81,2%
18,8%.
80,1%
19,9% .
, 34,6% ,
21,2%
6,1%
20,1%
16,2%
1,1%
0,6% .
, 92,4%
7,6% .
73,4%
,
21,9%
4,7%

. ( 1)
76,4% 31-
40 . 77,3%
18-30
( 2)
65,4%
29,0%.
21,4% 25,8%
. 6,9%
25,8% .
3,8%
16,1% . ( 3)

55,6%
75,0%
78,3% 66,7%
.

,
65,4% ,
21,4% , 6,9% ,
3,8% 2,5%
. 29%
, 25,8%
478
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
, 25,8% , 16,1%
3,2%
. ,
18-30
31-40 , p=0,018.

, p<0,001. (
31-40 , p<0,001.

3)
32,9%
, 21,5% ,
15,6% , 13,4%
, 12,7%
,
2,6%
1,3%
.
59,4%

.
., 18-30
31-40
18-30 ,
18-30
31-40 , p=0,037.
31-40
18-30 , p=0,041.

31-40
18-30 , p=0,001. ( 2)
18-30
14,9 ,
31-40 13,4 .
59,4% 18-30
31-40 .
37,8%

18-
30
p=<0,001.
18-30 . ,
31-40 ,
479
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
19982000,
219

131 . 4,8,9
1.2
50
.11
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., 10
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, 37%
2001-2004
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Ricci
.,13 , 43%
35

. ,
60%
12
Desapriya
,
,
Steensberg, 14 , 41%
, ,
.
,
.
.,15
,

480
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
> 65 , <25
,
,
,

.
Kann ., 22
, .16-19
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. ,
, ,
,
. 20,21
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,
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. ,
Sabariah .,23

, 72,6%
, 64,9%
).

18-
30 31-40
. ,
.20,21
., 20
.
481
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010

. ,
18-24

. 24
18-30 .
. ,
Sabariah .,23 ,
42,8%

.
18-30 , ,
,
31-40 .
Chliaoutakis ., 25 ,
,
,
,
,

482
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
. 9

31-40
18-30 .
,

,

, ...,

Sabariah ., 23
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,
.

. 26,27
18-30
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31-40 13,4 .
, ,

. 3,2%
.
, ,

. 26
483
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
( ),
().

31-40
.
1. Bunn F., Kwan I., Roberts I., Wentz R..
Effectiveness of pre-hospital trauma
care Cochrane Injuries Group. Public

Health
,
Intervention
Department
of
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&
Population Health. London School of
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18-30,
, 1/3
18-30
http//www.cochrane2.
injuries.lshtm.ac.uk.
,
25/11/2005.
484
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9 , 4 , - 2010
, 15 & 16
2002,
& .
http://www.pasipka.gr/arthra/sinedria
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3. Ozanne-Smith J. Road traffic injury--a

global public health scourge: a review
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5. World
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GENEVA, W.H.O 1972.
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. .
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25/01/2008.
4/6349,
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().
http://www.icu.gr/synedria/syn1/synd
.php?print=Y,2008. :
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2009/9789241563840_eng.pdf.
Epidemiology of Trauma in an Intensive

Injury Infection & Critical Care.1989;
29(1):31-37.
12. Papadodima
SA.,
Athanaselis
SA.,
Stefanidou ME., Dona AA., Papoutsis I.,
Maravelias CP., et al. Driving under the
influence in Greece: a 7-year survey
(1998-2004). Forensic Sci Int. 2008

;174(2-3):157-60.
13. Ricci
G.,
Majori
S., Mantovani
W.,
Zappaterra A., Rocca G., Buonocore F.
Prevalence of alcohol and drugs in urine

of patients involved in road accidents. J
Prev Med Hyg. 2008;49(2):89-95.
14. Steensberg J. Accidental road traffic
deaths prospects for local prevention.

Accid Anal Prev 1994; 26(1):19.
485
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9 , 4 , - 2010
15. Desapriya E., Pike I., Raina P. Severity of
23. Sabariah F.J., Ramesh N., Mahathar A.W..
British Columbia: case - control study.
Improving Trauma Care: First Year
2006;13(2):89-94.
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alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes in

Int
Inj
Contr
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Promot.
16. arap Mengech HN. Alcohol-related road

traffic
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road traffic accidents: promoting a
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Report. Med J Malaysia, 2008, Vol 63

24. ..
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., .,
., , 2006.
Med.
25. Chliaoutakis JE., Darviri C., Demakakos
18. Peden M. Global collaboration on road
lifestyle on their road traffic accident
lower
alcohol
strategy.
2007;7(4):348-50.
Clin
traffic injury prevention. Int J Inj Contr

Saf Promot. 2005;12(2):85-91.
19. Ameratunga S., Hijar M., Norton R. Road-
traffic injuries: confronting disparities

to address a global-health problem.
Lancet. 2006; 367(9521):1533-40.
PT. The impact
of young
drivers'
risk in greater Athens area. Accid Anal

Prev. 1999 ;31(6):771-80.
26. ., ., .,
.,
.,
18-30
20. Petridou E. Person, time, and place
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Greece. J Epidemiol Community Health.
27. Walsh JM., de Gier JJ., Christopherson
predictors of seat belt use in Athens,

1998;52:534535.
21. European Transport Safety Council. Seat
belts and childrestraints: increasing use

and optimizing performance. Brussels:
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1996.
Transport
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22. Kann L., Kinchen SA., Williams BI., Ross

JG., Lowry R., Grunbaum JA., et al.
Youth
Risk
Behaviour
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System. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ.:

2000;49(5):1-32.
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AS., Verstraete AG. Drugs and driving.

Traffic Inj Prev. 2004 ;5(3):241-53.
28. Petridou E., Trichopoulos D., Sotiriou A.,

Athanasselis S., Kouri N., Dessypris N., et
al. Relative and population attributable

risk of traffic injuries in relation to
blood-alcohol levels in a Mediterranean

country.
Alcohol
1998;33(5):502-8.
Alcohol.
29. Mitchell V.T., Scarlett M.D.. Trauma

Admissions to the ICU of the University
486
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston,

Jamaica.
ITACCS
Fall/Winter
Volume 11, number 2, p.p: 86-88.
2001,
1. -
N
290
67
286
71
%
81,2
18,8
80,1
19,9
61
37
62
36
38
1
29
2
11
20,6
12,5
34,6
20,1
21,2
0,6
16,2
1,1
6,1
198
66,9
4,7
124
37
73,4
21,9
17
7,6
207
92,4
487
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
2. 18-30 31-40
56,8
31,8
11,4
0,0
64
20,6
40
31,3
86
87,8
49
98,0
12
5,627
50
28
10
0
62,062
<0,001
9,995
0,041
60,1
21,8
9,8
5,7
246
2
P
2
P
116
42
19
11
/
,,

18-30
31-40
N
%
N
%
357
59,4
161
37,8
31
9
50
115
92
34
26
18
75
22
35
119
71
96
0
2
2,6
79,4
12,2
88
1
0,0
68,8
2,0
P
P
77,5
23
88,5
30,3
25
25,5
73,0
27,0
59,1
40,9
77,3
22,7
45
12
11
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26
13
78,9
21,1
57,9
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33,3
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P
2
P
2
P
77,0
22,5
69,7
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100,0
73
23
77
30
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0
1
11,5
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4,337
0,037
1,273
0,259
0,693
0,405
0,734
0,392
0,008
0,929
1,652
0,199
0,003
0,960
11,418
0,001
,
,
488
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
3: .
104
34
11
%
65,4%
21,4%
6,9%
2,5%
3,8%
P<0,001
9
8
8
%
29,0%
25,8%
25,8%
3,2%
16,1%
489
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
(....)
1 , 2, 3,
4, 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
/

, , (),
, , ,

, , ,

, , ,

,
.
:
.
: 360 , 218 142
, 60 , .... ,
.

, GDS-15.
: 30,28% (22,22%
8,06% ).
(70,6%) ,
(29,4%). ,
490
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
/, , . ,

.
,
.
: , , , ,
....

,
51 ,
. 210-2611996, 6977482335
E-mail: xristylianopoulou@yahoo.gr
ORIGINAL PAPER
Prevalence of depression among elderly on open care centers for

older people
Stylianopoulou Christina1 , Koulierakis George2 , Karagianni Vilma 3 , Babatsikou Fotoula 4, Koutis
Charilaos5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Master in Public Health, National School of Public Health, Athens Greece/ Faculty of Public
Hygiene, TEI of Athens, Applied Public Health.
Social Worker
Scientific Collaborator, Department of Sociology of National School of Public Health, Athens,
Greece
Assistant Professor, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Department of Public Hygiene, Technological
Educational Institute (T.E.I.) of Athens, Greece
Assistant Professor, Laboratory of Community Heath Nursing II, Department of Nursing A,
Technological Educational Institute (T.E.I.) of Athens, Greece
Professor, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Department of Public Hygiene, Technological
Educational Institute (T.E.I.) of Athens, Greece
491
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
Abstract
Depression in the elderly is considered an important public health issue. Depression is the most
common mental health problem among older people. It poses a critical impact on well-being and
the quality of life of elderly and it is related with high expenses and great demand of health care
services.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression among elderly in an urban areas

population and to investigate the aggravating and protective factors.
Material and Method: The sample consisted of 360 individuals, 218 women and 142 men, aged
60 years or older, members of the four Open Care Centres for Older People (KAPI) of Agioi
Anargyroi Municipality, in Attica. A questionnaire for demographics and phycho-social factors
was used, whereas depression was probed through Geriatric Depression Scale, (Short Form -
GDS-15), which has been standardized and adapted in a Greek elderly population.
Results: 30,28% of the sample had depressive symptoms (22,22% moderate and 8,06% seriousclinical type depression). It was also shown that depression at women (70,6%) appeared in a
percentage over than the double against men (29,4%). The symptomatology of depression
occurred widely among widower/widows, elderly being divorced or separated, people living
alone, those with multiple pathologies and elderly informal family carers. Symptomatology of
depression appeared in a lower rate among elderly who took care of their grandchildren or
participated in social activities.
Conclusions: The ascertainment high percentage of depressive symptoms in our sample of

elderly population confirms the emergency of creating a strong psycho-social supporting
network aimed to prevent depression among elderly and health promotion in the elderly in the
context of Primary Health Care (PHC).
Key words: Depression, elderly, supportive network, urban areas population, KAPI.
Stylianopoulou Xristina,
Sofokli Benizelou 51, Agioi Anargyroi, Attica,
Tel: 210-2611996, 6977482335
E-mail: xristylianopoulou@yahoo.gr
492
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
1,2,3 .
121 , 2,
2020,
,
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2-3 .
, ,
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4.

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9-
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,
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5,8,17 .
65
7 , ,
17.

60 /
, 27%
/ ,
12%18 ,
29,9% 33%
493
Copyright 2010
9 , 4 , - 2010
19,6% 20%19.
33,6%
15,38%
7,37% 20.
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(428 )
1 ,
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(18,4%),
(6,1%).

(
GDS-15
QD225),
(.. , ,
.... ...). ,
60 , ....
.

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15)23-24.
....
494
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-,
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)
(
,
)
60 ,
....
20
Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) 23-24 ,
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15
,
5
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. (60
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26-28 .
. 1.200
....,
30%,
360 . 60%
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218
142 .
Fountoulakis et al., 29 6/7
, = 92,23
= 95.
: 0 - 5 =
, 6 - 10 = ,
11 - 15 = 6 - 15 =
( ).

495
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(29,4%) (x 2=6.6; =1;
31.
....
,

,
,
15 /11/2008 31/1/2009.
,
,
SPSS-16.
(70,6%)
p<0.05). ,
(Spearmans
rho = .140; p<0.01) .
(66,1%)

(36,7%) (x 2=30.3; =1; p<0.001). ,
(56,9%),
, 109 (30,28%)
73,4%
(: 6 -
(23,1%) (x2=39.0; =1; p<0.001). ,

(13%)
(3,6%) (x 2=11.1; =1; p<0.005). ,
10) 26,6% ()
( 11).
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(22,22%), ( )
29 (8,06%)
().
(58,4%),

(22,8%) (x2=30.9; =1; p<0.001) ().
(,
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(11%),
(3,2%) (x 2=10.5; =1;

p<0.005).
496
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18,21
. ,
(81,7%),
(71,7%) (x 2=3.9; =1; p<0.05).

,

(74,3%),
(59,4%)
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14 ,
,
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, 2050,
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2000 ( 16,6 %, 32,1%) 32 .
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,
, 1,
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Papadopoulos

),

. ,

et
al.18 ,
- 14,
22 ,
,
.
497
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(29,4%),
1,4,8,10-11,19,20,22.
,
,
,
, ....,
,

7,9 .
, ,

.

,
, ,
,
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.
,
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.
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21
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1,4,35-38 .
15,18 .
, -
14 .

(..
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),
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4. European
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community.
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: .

Score

(score 6-10)
(score 11-15)
109
30,28
251
69,72
80
22,22
32
29,4
110
43,8
47
43,1
193
76,9
29
77
62
8,06
70,6
56,9
141
58
56,2
23,1
96,4
94
240
14
87,0
45
58,4
41,6
42
142
22,8
12
11,0
89,0
243
3,2
96,8
72
66,1
33,9
87
164
34,7
20
18,3
81,7
71
180
28,3
28
25,7
102
40,6
32
97
37
89
81
13,0
74,3
149
96,4
3,6
77,2
65,3
71,7
59,4
504

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9 , 4 , - 2010

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