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Thiet Ke Kien Truc Voi Revit Architecture-Chuong 2
Thiet Ke Kien Truc Voi Revit Architecture-Chuong 2
II.
Mc ch
Sau khi hon tt nghin cu v thc hnh chung ny, ngi s dng s Hiu v s dng nhm lnh Edit (Move, Copy, Rotate, Array, Mirror) nhm lnh Modify (Algin, Split, Trim, Offset) ca Tool bar Bc u hnh thnh phng php lm vic vi Revit Architecture Ban u hnh thnh mt phong cch t duy thit k vi my tnh l cng c h tr ch khng ch bt thc
Nh cp trong chng 1, giao din ca Revit Architecture c kt hp bi 9 thnh phn gm : Menu, Tool Bar, Option Bar, Type Selector, Design Bar, Project Browser, Status Bar, View Control Bar v Drawing Area. Vi li suy ngh 2D thng thng, khi s dng Revit Architecture ngi s dng s v tnh phm phi nhiu sai st. Nh cp, Revit Architecture s gip ngi s dng khc phc nhng sai st ny bt c ni u, bt c lc no (Any Where, Any Time). Tuy nhin, nhng vic chnh sa ny cng lm mt thi gian. V vy, trnh c nhng sai st ny vn hn. gim thiu ti a nhng sai st ny, chng ta s nhn giao din ca Revit Architecture di gc ngh nghip ca ngnh xy dng. Theo t chc thng thng ca qu trnh thi cng mt d n xy dng, chng ta s phn chia cu trc giao din ra lm 5 thnh phn (xem hnh 2.B.I.1). Mi khu vc l tp hp cc thnh phn cu trc nh sau : Phn A : Ban ch huy cng trng (Project Browser) Phn B : Kho vt t (Design Bar + Type Selector + Option Bar) Phn C : Cc cng c phc v thi cng (Tool Bar) Phn D : Hin trng thi cng (Drawing Area) Phn E : Hng dn thi cng Phn F : B phn gim st thi cng (View Conrtol Bar)
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture Nguyn Phc Thin
B. Ni dung
Hnh 2.B.1 Chng ta c xem vic thit k kin trc gn nh l ang thi cng mt cng trnh trong thc t. Di y l quy trnh m theo kinh nghim s trnh c phn ln cc sai st. Mun thi cng mt hng mc no cn phi c kin ca Ban ch huy cng trng (phn A) mi c tin hnh thi cng. Trc khi thi cng phi c vt t (phn B) v phng tin thi cng (phn C). Tin hnh thi cng trn hin trng (phn D) Trong qua trnh thi cng nn theo s hng dn vic thi cng d dng v t cht lng cao trnh sai st (phn E) Trong qu trnh cng nh sau khi thi cng xong cn phi c s gim st (phn F)
Hnh 2.B.I.1 Cc cng c trong nhm lnh ny ch sn sng s dng c khi c mt i tng trong khu vc cng trng Drawing Area c chn. a. c im : lm xt hin thm mt/nhiu cc vt th c c tnh ging nh vt th c sn trn cng trng (drawing Area)
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 2 Nguyn Phc Thin
b.
c. Thnh phn v nhim v Nu bn hc qua nhng phn mm khc ACAD, ADT . . . bn s thy nhng lnh ny rt quen thuc. Tuy nhin, khi thc tp bi di y bn s thy s phong ph v ni dung ca tng lnh. V d : lnh Move c th thnh lnh Copy, Ln Rotate c th thnh lnh Array. Lnh Move : Di chuyn mt, hoc nhiu, chi tit c sn t mt v tr ny sang v tr khc Thc hnh bi tp di y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Move : B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : M project ca chng 1 c kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.2
Hnh 2.B.I.2
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture Nguyn Phc Thin
B3 : Trong Project Browser chn s lm vic trn Level 1 bng cch Double Click trn Level 1 trong Views (all)/Floor Plans v kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.3
Hnh 2.B.I.3 B4 : Click phi chut chn Zoon in Region (cch phng to mt vng trong Drawing Area) - chn 2 im : im 1 trn tri ri ko xung im 2 di phi bao quanh mt bng nh hng dn trong hnh 2.B.I.4. y l cch chn tng t Select Window trong ACAD : tt c vt th phi nm trong khu chn.
Hnh 2.B.I.5 B6 : Kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.6. Kch hat cc hnh chiu khc v phi cnh xem s thay i
Sau khi thc tp nhun nhuyn, ng Project li bng cch click vo Close trong File. Khu c hi c cn nh hay khng tr li No Lnh Copy : To thm mt, hoc nhiu, chi tit ging nh mt, hoc nhiu, chi tit c sn. Thc hnh bi tp sau y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Copy : B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : M project ca chng 1 c kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.7
Hnh 2.B.I.7 B3 : Trong Project Browser chn s lm vic trn Level 1 bng cch Double Click trn Level 1 trong Views (all)/Floor Plans v kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.8
Hnh 2.B.I.8
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 6 Nguyn Phc Thin
Hnh 2.B.I.9 Ch : cch chn im gc v im n nh lnh Move B6 : Kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.10. Chn cc hnh chiu khc v phi cnh xem s thay i
Hnh 2.B.I.10
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 7 Nguyn Phc Thin
Ch : sau khi chn vt th thay v chn lnh copy, c th nhn v gi nt Ctrl trn bn phm v di chuyn chut n v tr mi (ging nh trong phn mm MSWord ca Microsoft Office). Ngoi lnh copy, mt s lnh khc nh Save (Ctrl + S), Undo (Ctrl + Z), u c th dung phm tt nh quy c trong MS-Word Nn thc tp thm lnh ny tt c cc mt chiu thng gc quen tay hn Sau khi thc tp nhun nhuyn, ng Project li bng cch click vo Close trong File. Khu c hi c cn nh hay khng tr li No Lnh Rotate : Xoay mt vt th quanh mt trc, trc ny phi thng gc vi mt bng ca cng trnh, vi mt gc nht nh. Khc vi nhng phn mm khc, Revit Architecture m rng hiu qu mi lnh trong nhm lnh Edit bng cch kt hp vi lnh Copy. Trong lnh Move trn chng ta c th kt hp thm lnh Copy. Xem cc s dng c th trong bi thc hnh di y. Thc hnh bi tp di y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Copy : B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : V mt bc tng bt k trn mt bng B3 : chn bc tng va v v khi ng lnh Rotate B4 : lm theo hnh 2.B.I.11
Hnh 2.B.I.11
B5 : Nu ta chn copy (bng cch nh du vo Copy) nh hnh 2.B.I.12 th va ng thi thc hin lnh Rotate ng thi thc hin lnh Copy.
Hnh 2.B.I.12 Nn thc tp thm lnh ny quen tay hn ng thi th nghim tt c cc mt chiu thng gc hiu sau hn v trc quay ca lnh ny. Cc thng s ca gc cng nh cc thng s chiu, Revit Architecture cho php ngi s dng nhp trc tip t bn phm c gi tr chnh xc. Lnh Array : To nhiu vt th, t mt vt th ban u, vi cc khong cch (hay gc) gia cc vt th mi v vt th bng nhau theo phng thng hay cong. Khi chn Array theo phng thng c ngha l cc vt th sau khi to thnh c phng song song vi nhau. Khi chn Array theo phng cong c ngha l cc vt th sau khi to thnh c phng giao nhau hay tn x. y l mt lnh m ban u c th gy cho ngi s dng cm thy kh chu v c nhiu la chn i lc kh hiu. Tht Revit Architecture lnh ny l tng hp 3 lnh : Array, Divide v Measure trong ACAD. Bn c t t tm hiu tng bc v thc hnh phn bi tp di y s n gian nhng hiu qu ca n.. Thc hnh bi tp di y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Array : B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : V mt bc tng bt k trn mt bng B3 : Lm theo hng dn nh hnh 2.B.I.13a v 2.B.I.13b cc vt th mi xut hin c phng song song vi nhau vi khong cch 1000
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 9 Nguyn Phc Thin
Hnh 2.B.I.13b
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iii.
Nu mc 4 c chn, sau khi lnh hon tt, cc vt th s lin h v tr vi nhau gi l Group. Bn th Move mt vt th bt k hiu r iu ny. B4 : Lm theo hng dn nh hnh 2.B.I.14 chia cong
Hnh 2.B.I.14 Lnh Mirror : To mt vt th i xng vi mt vt th c sn qua 1 trc (gi tng hay c tht) no Thc hnh bi tp di y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Mirror : B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : V mt bc tng bt k trn mt bng B3 : lm theo hnh 2.B.I.15 khi cha c trc no chn
Hnh 2.B.I.15
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture Nguyn Phc Thin
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B4 : v thm 1 bc tng. Lc chn trc i xng th chn tng va v. Lm theo hnh 2.B.I.16 khi c trc no chn
Hnh 2.B.I.17 C th dng bt c lnh no trong nhm lnh ny m khng cn phi chn vt th truc. Khi nhn thy tn ca cc lnh ny, nhng ngi s dng ACAD hay ADT s thy quen thuc. Nhng bn c nn thc hnh thy nhng khc bit ca n. 1. 2. Cng dng : lm thay i tnh cht (hoc to thm) mt vt th c sn. Quy trnh : Chn lnh Chn vt th Lm theo ch dn
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3. Thnh phn v hot ng Lnh Align : Di chuyn mt vt th n mt v tr khc sao cho trng khp vi v tr v phng ca mt vt th khc. Lnh ny c th c hiu l s kt hp ca 2 lnh : Move v Rotate Quy trnh lm vic theo hnh 2.B.I.18
Hnh 2.B.I.18 Lnh Split : Tch mt vt th thnh nhiu thnh phn khc nhau. Quy trnh thc hin lnh ny theo hnh 2.B.I.19
Hnh 2.B.I.19
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Lnh Trim : Thay i chiu di ca hai/nhiu vt th sao cho 2 vt th c th to lp c mt/nhiu giao im Lnh ny c th xem nh s kt hp gia 2 lnh Trim v Extend trong ACAD. Quy trnh thc hin lnh ny theo hnh 2.B.I.20
Hnh 2.B.I.20 C nhiu kt qu sau khi s dng lnh Trim. Xem cc hnh 2.B.I.21 hiu v thc tp thm
Hnh 2.B.I.21 a
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Hnh 2.B.I.21 b
Hnh 2.B.I.21 c Ch : Khc vi lnh trim ca ACAD, mun b phn no th ta chn phn , cn lnh Trim ca Revit Architecture mun gi phn no th chn phn Lnh Offset : To lp mt chi tit ging nh c trn bn v mt v tr cch chi tit tham kho mt khang cch do ngi s dng quy nh.
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Hnh 2.B.I.22 Chn lnh Offset trn Tool Bar 1 Chn Graphical 2 : nu mun xc nh khang cch trc tip trn hnh v Chn Numerical 3 : nu mun xc nh khang cch bng mt thng s c th Xc nh thng s c th cho khang cch 4 Sau khi xut hin vt th mi v gi nguyn hin trng vt th c, nu mun mt i vt th c th khng chn thnh phn ny 5 Chn vt th ngun 6 a v pha mun vt th mi xut hin Esc 2 ln chm dt lnh
Hnh 2.B.I.23 Lnh Dynamic Field View : Gip cho ngi s dng nhn cng trng di bt k gc no ph hp thi cng. Lm theo cc bc sau y hiu hat ng ca lnh ny : B1 : Khi ng chng trnh v m Project thc hintrong chng 1 B2. Double vo 3D trong Views (All)/3D trong Project Browser B3 : lm theo hng dn nh trong hnh 2.B.I.24 xem cc kt qu.
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Hnh 2.B.I.24 B4. Click nt Esc 2 ln that khi lnh Ch : ngai cch Scroll (Pan) va gii thiu, ngi s dng cn c th i. Nhn + gi phm tri chut v di chuyn chut ii. Di chuyn 2 nt nh trn 2 thanh trt pha phi v di mn hnh Lnh Zoom : Dng phng to hay thu nh hnh nh trn khu vc cng trng. Lm theo hng dn trong hnh 2.B.I.25 hiu cch s dng lnh ny
Hnh 2.B.I.25
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Khng ch phng tin trn,Chng ta c th Dng nt ln gia ca chut thc hin lnh Zoom. Click phi chut v chn Zoom In Region, Zoom Out (2x), Zoom to Fit Lnh Thinlines : lm cho dy ca nt v thay i. So snh 2 trng thi trong hnh 2.B.I.26 hiu r ni dung hat ng ca lnh ny
Hnh 2.B.I.26
Revit Architecture cung cp rt nhiu chng lai vt t thi cng cng trnh. Nhng vt t ny khng ch l nhng vt liu xy dng m cn c nhng chi tit cn thit thit lp nn mt h s thit k. Di y chng ta s kho st tng thnh phn trong kho vt t ny
1. Design Bar
Nh cp trong chng 1, Design Bar gm c 8 Tab. Cc Tab ny cha tt c cc lai vt t cn thit thi cng. Cc lnh trong cc Tab ny khng phi lun lun hin r m trong mt s trng hp b m i. iu ny ng ngha l ngi s dng khng c phep s dng. Hin tng ny xy n khi ngi s dng dng lnh khng ng ch. V d : trong khu vc v ang hin hnh hnh phi cnh th ngi s dng khng c dng lnh quy nh cao . S gii hn do Revit Architecture ngh l han tan hp l. Bn cnh , Design Bar cn cha mt s cng c cn thit khc vi nhim v gip ngi s dng thun li trong vic tm hiu cc tnh cht (Properties) vt t trn cng trung. chun b cho nhng chng k tip, chng ta s kho st 4 nhm vt t trong kho vt t di y :
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Nhm Basic
Nhm View
Nhm Modeling
Nhm Structure
Hnh 2.B.II.1 Tab Basic c cha nhng vt t thng thng nh Wall, Door, Window . . . (m trong Tab Modeling cng c), cn cha nhng vt t khc nh Grid li ct, Section Mt ct, Level cao trnh . . . l nhng vt t cn thit cho qu trnh thit k. Tab Basic c dng u tin trong qu trnh thi cng. Tab Modeling cha y tt c cc vt t cho vic xy dng mt cng trnh. Trong tab ny cng c cha vt t Column, nhng Column Tab ny khc vi Column trong Tab Structure. Column trong Tab Modeling c dng ch yu trong qu trnh thit k kin trc Tab Structure cha y cc vt t lin quan n kt cu ca cng trnh. Tab View c dung to lp cc gc nhn. Tn sut s dng cc lnh trong Tab ny thp, nhng rt quan trng. nu khng c th ngi s dng s gp rt nhiu kh khn khi thit k nhng ch khut hoc khng kim tra ni cng vic ca mnh
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C mt c im trong 4 nhm trn tt c u c cha lnh Modify. y chnh l cng c ngi s dng xc nh vt th, t c nhng yu cu c th. V d : truy tm Property ca cc vt t c s dng trn cng trng hoc sp c s dng. Vt th c chn s bin thnh mu . Ngi s dng 3 cch chn mt vt th : i. Di chuyn con tr n vt th mun chn v click tri, vt th c chn s i mu Mun chn nhiu vt th nm ri rc, sau khi chn vt th th nht, ngi s dng nhn v gi nt Ctrl, di chuyn n vt th mun chn v click tri. Trong cc vt th chn, mun loi tr mt vt th no ngi s dng n v gi phm Shift v click tri vo vt th . ii. Di chuyn con tr n mt im bt k ri v gi phm tri, di chuyn chut tip tc n mt im khc to ra mt t gic vung gc v nh phm tri tri; tt c cc vt th nm hon ton trong khung t gic s c chn. Thng chng ta dng 2 im bt u l pha trn tri v im kt thc l pha di phi v hnh t gic vung gc ny. iii. Di chuyn con tr n mt im bt k ri v gi phm tri, di chuyn chut tip tc n mt im khc to ra mt t gic vung gc v nh phm tri tri; tt c cc vt th no c mt phn trong khung t gic s c chn. Thng chng ta dng 2 im bt u l pha di phi v im kt thc l pha trn tri v hnh t gic vung gc ny. Ngai Revit Architecture cn c phng php chn vt th bng Filter, chng ta s c hng dn trong nhng bi thc hnh cc chng k tip. Sau khi chn vt th Click chut vo nt Properties bn cnh Type Selector bit thng tin.
2. Type Selector
Hnh 2.B.II.2 Khi Click vo Properties Icon s c mt hp thai xut hin. T hp thai ny s c cng c ngi s dng truy tm nhng thng tin su hn. Revit Architecture thng t chc cc hp thai theo hnh thc tng bc. T hp thai ny s c la chn i tip hp thai khc. C nhng trung hp c n 4 hp thai lin tip nhau. Khi gp trng hp ny, cng s c nhng ng i ngn hn. Hnh 2.B.II.3 l thng tin v mt bc tng sp c mt trn cng trng.
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Hnh 2.B.II.3 Sau khi ng cho vt t vo cng trng, ngi s dng s tip tc phn Option Bar xc nh nhng thng tin cn thit nhng tnh cht hnh hc ca vt t trn cng rtung. lm vic ny, Revit Architecture cung cp nhm thng tin theo dng hi p trong Option Bar
3. Option Bar
Hnh 2.B.II.4 Chng ta s tm hiu phn Option Bar su hn trong nhng bi thc hnh ca cc chng k tip, ngai nhng g hc c t chng 1 n nay.
L nhng lnh ngi s dng xem xt c th nhng g mnh lm, ng thi gip ngi s dng hnh dung c khng gian d dng hn.
Hnh 2.B.III.1
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1. Lnh t l
Vi cc t l bn v khc nhau, cc phn ghi ch (text) s c kch thuc tng ng vi cc t l ny khi in chng ta lun lun c cng mt c ch Xem xt hnh 2.III.D.1 vi 2 t l 1/100 v 1/500 hiu r lnh ny
Hnh 2.B.III.2
Tu theo t l m cc hnh v s c th hin chi tit hn. Trong Revit c 3 mc biu hin : Coarse Th, Medium Trung bnh, Fine chi tit Xem xt hnh 2.III.D.2 vi 2 mc th hin : Coarse v Fine cho cng 1 bc tng loi Basic Wall : Interior Blockwork 190, hiu r lnh ny
Hnh 2.B.III.3 Ch : Hnh thc th hin cc chi tit ny ngi s dng han tan c th can thip thay i theo cch ring ca mnh.
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Hnh 2.B.III.4
4. Lnh Shadow
Dng kh st bng ca cng trnh di sc hiu sng ca mt tri. Trong cc chng k tip, s nghin cu cc loi bng theo nhng thi im trong ngy hoc thi im trong nm. Xem hnh 2.B.III.5 phn bit v s dng cch bng.
Hnh 2.B.III.6
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5. Lnh Crop
S c lm r trong cc bi thc hnh cc chng sau
6. Lnh Hide/Isolate
Revit Architecture cung cp cng c ny ngi s dng han tan ch ng trong vic cho hin th hay tm thi bin mt mt/nhiu chi tit trong qu trnh lm vc. Xem hnh 2.B.III.7 hiu r ni dung ca lnh ny
Hnh 2.B.III.7
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Cng c th Click phi chut chn Hide In View/Elements hay Hide In View/Category
C. Bi tp
I. Bi tp thc hnh
1. Hy chn mt lnh v ch 1 ln dng lnh c kt qu nh cc hnh di y
Hnh 2.C.I.1
Hnh 2.C.I.2
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Hnh 2.C.I.3
Hnh 2.C.I.5
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Hnh 2.C.I.6
Hnh 2.C.I.7
Hnh 2.C.I.8
Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 27 Nguyn Phc Thin
C th ch nhn vo hnh l bn bit c l s p dng lnh g, nhng nn nh rng trm hay khng bng tay quen. V vy, cc bn nn hon thnh cc bi tp trc khi sang chng mi
II.
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bi tp l thuyt
Hy tr li cc cu hi di y : CU HI Thay v s dng lnh Move, ngi s dng c th s dng lnh Copy c kt qu tng ng Mt vt th kt qu ca lnh Array lun lun c lp vi cc vt th cn li ca qu trnh Lnh Align l s kt hp gia lnh Move v lnh Rotate Ngi s dng mun ct mt vt th ra lm nhiu vt th th phi s dng lnh Split nhiu ln phng to hoc thu nh hnh nh trong Drawing Area, ngi s dng dng lnh trong phn View Bar Control Cc thnh phn c lit k trong Porject Browser c s lng c nh, ngi s dng khng c kh nng thay i Lnh Trim v lnh Split u l lnh ct vt th Ngoi nhng loi Wall m Revit Building cung cp, ngi s dng c th truy nhp thm cc loi khc trong th vin ca chng trnh Trong Project Browser, phn Views (all) cha ng thng tin hnh hc Revit Building phn chia cc loi tng theo cu to vt liu mt ct TR LI S
III.
Khi s dng Revit Architecture, lm th no thay i t l ca mt vt th. CHC MNG BN XONG CHNG 2
Tho ln
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