Chng 8 VT LIU V MU SC

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Chng 8 Vt liu v mu sc
A. Phn m u
I. Gii thiu tng quan Trong chng ny chng ta s hc cch to ra cc hnh nh nh hnh chp sau khi cng trnh hnh thnh (Photorealistic Image). lm c iu ny chng ta phi i su vo 2 lnh vc : Cht liu b mt ca vt liu xy dng v nh sng (c t nhin v nhn to) Ngai ra chng ta cng nghin cu v bng (Shade) ca cng trnh di nh sng t nhin vi ngy gi v a im c th. II. Mc ch ca chng Gip ngi s dng bit c To dng cc lai phi cnh Din t bng ca cng trnh di nh nng mt tri Hiu r v hiu qu th gic khi cng trnh c Render (lnh lm cho cng trnh c hnh nh ging nh xy xong) di s tc ng ca nh sng (Raytrace) To lp cc Photorealistic Image gii thiu vi khch hng

B. Ni dung
I. Cch to lp cc phi cnh
Trong cc chng truc, chng ta bit cc thnh lp mt phi cnh, nhng ch mc tng quan. Trong chng ny chng ta s nghin cu su hn hiu r lnh phi cnh ca Revit c hat ng nh th no. Cng nh hnh hc ha hnh, Revit Architecture a Revit Architecture 2 lai phi cnh chnh : ng trc (Isometric) v song song (parallel) Phi cnh ng trc c to lp bng Icon 3D trn thanh cng c. Trong View/Orient trn thanh Menu, ngi s dng c th chn cc gc nhnh khc nhau. Mt cu hi t Revit Architecture l : c nhng gc nhn c to lp trong Project Browser ri, ti sao cn cn nhng gc nhn ny na ? Cu tr li l : nh chng ta bit, cc lnh ca Revit Architecture khng phi lun lun hat ng trong tt c cc tm nhn. Nu chng ta kch hat cc mt ng, hoc mt ct trong Project Browser th cc lnh to hnh Render khng bao gi hat ng. V vy, khi cn Render nhng hnh chiu nh vy, ngi s dng cn n nhng gc nhn ny th tan b cc lnh trong Rendering Bar mi hat ng. Phi cnh song song do lnh Camera trong View Bar to nn. Cc phi cnh ny ty thuc vo im nhn v im ngm m s xut hin phi cnh 2 im t hay 3 im t.

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Trc tin chng ta to mt phi nh thng lm 1. M li bi tp han thnh trong chng 7. Trn Drawing Area l mt bng tng trt 2. Di chuyn chut v Phi cnh 1 trong th mc 3D View ca Project Browser, Click phi v chn Show Camera. Trn mt bng Camera s hin ra nh hnh 8.B.I.1 di y.

3.

Hnh 8.B.I.1 Click vo nt Propeties s c hp thai hin ra nh hnh 8.B.I.2.

Hnh 8.B.I.2 Mt s tnh cht c ngha nh sau v ngha S 1 : xa ca phi cnh. Nhng vt th g nm trong khang cch t Camera n khang cch ny s hin ra trong hnh 3D. Nhng g nm xa hn s khng xut hn S 2 : cao ca Camera. Revit a ra chiu cao mc nh l 1.750 (chiu cao thng thng theo mt ngi). Chng ta c th iu chnh chnh xc
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gi tr ny. Tuy nhin, theo thi quen ngh nghip, nhng ngi lm thit k kin trc iu chnh trc tip trong hnh 3D) S 3 : cao ca im nhn. Kh nng iu khin v s dng cng ging Camera.

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C hai thng s Eye Elevation v Taget Elevation u thay i khi chng ta s dng lnh Spin trong nhm lnh Dynamic View (xem hnh 8.B.I.3

Hnh 8.B.I.3 4. Thng thng sau khi t mt Camera v mt Taget, Revit Architecture s sn sinh Revit Architecture mt phi cnh. Tuy nhin, hnh nh u tin ny thng ch nhn trong mt phm vi rt nh. Chng ta Click tri vo khung hnh phi cnh ri di chuyn cc nt xanh (di chuyn chut n, Click tri + gi phm tri, di chuyn chut) c hnh y . Xem hnh 8.B.I.4

Hnh 8.B.I.4 K tip di y chng ta s to mt mt ct phi cnh 5. Kch hat {3D} trong 3D Views ca Project Browser. Di chuyn chut v Drawing Area, Click phi chut v chn View Properties. Mt hp thai xut hin, chn Section Box ri OK (nh hnh 8.B.I.5a), kt qu nh hnh 8.B.I.5b

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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Hnh 8.B.I.5a 6.

Hnh 8.B.I.5b

Click vo khung lp phng mi xut hin, di chuyn cc mi tn c cc kt qu nh cc hnh trong hnh 8.B.I.6

Hnh 8.B.I.6 Ch : n mi tn cong gc ca khi lp phng. Chng ta c th click vo mi tn ny v gi phm tri ri di chuyn chut c cc mt ct vi cc gc ty . II. Bng ca cng trnh Bng ca cng trnh di tc ng chiu sng ca mt tri l mt qu trnh tnh tan bng cc php tnh da trn l thuyt ca mn vt l kin trc. Hai yu t c tc ng n hnh dng bng l v tr ca cng trnh v thi im lc cng trnh c chiu sng. Qu trnh tnh tan kh phc tp. n gin, khi v tay bng thng c quy c l nghin 45 so vi ng thng ng hoc ngang. Khi dng Revit Architecture thit k cng trnh, quy c ny c th c p dng hay khng ty thuc vo ngi s dng. Hn na, Revit Architecture cn cung cp mt s cng c cng trnh c bng ging nh trong thc t, ti bt k ni u, ti bt c thi im no. Nu bit li dng nhng cng c ny, ngi s dng s c nhng kt lun rt chnh xc khi thit k khi dng cng trnh, cc chi tit che nng cng nh ni tht. Theo kinh nghim, kho st bng ca cng trnh, chng ta nn chn 8 thi im : lc 9 gi v 15 gi ca 4 ngy : Xun phn, H ch, Thu phn v ng ch.
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Di y chng ta tip tc dng bi thc hnh c to lp nghin cu bng . 1. Click hat phi cnh 1 v lm theo hng dn nh hinh 8.B.II.8 c kt qu

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Hnh 8.B.II.1 Revir cung cp cho ngi s dng mt cng c lm thay i c sc ca bng . 2. Di chuyn v Drawing Area Click phi v chn View Properties. Lm theo hng dn c sc 30 nh hnh 8.B.II.2

Hnh 8.B.II.2
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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

So snh 2 hnh : 8.B.II.3a vi sc 20 v 8.B.II.3b vi sc 80 di y

Hnh 8.B.II.3a

Hnh 8.B.II.3b

3. Ch l bng ln cng trnh l do mt tri. Ty thuc vo thi gian v a im xy dng m bng s khc nhau. Ni cch khc ty thuc vo v tr ca mt tri u m c bng ln cng trnh tng ng. Revit Architecture c mt s gi nh v v tr mt tri ngi s dng ty chn nh hnh 8.B.II.4

Hnh 8.B.II.4 Sunlight from Top Right : nh sng mt tri chiu t trn phi Sunlight from Top Left : nh sng mt tri chiu t trn tri Summer Solstice : nh sng mt tri vo ngy h ch Winter Solstice : nh sng mt tri vo ngy ng ch Spring Equinox : nh sng mt tri vo ngy xun phn Fall Equinox : nh sng mt tri vo ngy thu phn

4. V li mt bng trt bng v so snh 2 phn trong hnh di y

Sunlight from Top Right Hnh 8.B.II.5

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Sunlight from Top Left

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5. Khi bng trn mt bng chng ta c th quy nh cho bng in hnh trn cao no. Xem hnh 8.B.II.6

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Bng tng 1 xung cao tng trt

Bng tng 1 xung cao tng mt

Hnh 8.B.II.6 6. Ngai ra chng ta c th chn a im xy dng cng trnh, thi im bng mt cch chnh xc theo kinh v v . Revit cung cp cho chng ta cch chn a im c th mt a phng trn th gii nh hnh 6..II.7

Hnh 8.B.II.7 Sau khi chn ia im chng ta Nhn nt OK chn thi im bng
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7. Chng ta chn thi im bng nh hng dn trong hnh 8.B.II.8

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Hnh 8.B.II.8 8. Kch hat li phi cnh 1 v xem hnh 8.B.II.9 di y so snh bng ca cng trnh trong cng 1 ngy nhng ti 2 thi im khc nhau.

Bng lc 3 gi chiu Hnh 8.B.II.9

Bng lc 9 gi sng

T chng 1 cho n y, chng ta nghin cu ch yu l phn Vector. T y cho n ht chng ny, chng ta s nghin cu phn Raster. Phn Raster trong thit k kin trc cng trnh thng c hiu nh l kt qu ca Render v thng c gi l hnh Render. Thc ra trong Revit Architecture, Render l mt lnh to ra cc hnh nh nh trong thc t m con ngi thng nhn thy s vt chung quanh mnh. i vi cng trnh kin trc, sau khi Render c c mt hnh cng trnh nh c chp bng my nh cn phi chun b truc yu t : Hnh nh thc (Photorealitic) ca cht cm b mt S tc ng ca nh sng ln cht cm b mt (Raytrace) Hai yu t ny lun lun phi i chung vi nhau. Nu khng c nh sng th mt s khng nhn c hnh nh g c. Nu khng c hnh nh cht liu b mt th di nh sng mt tri cng trnh ch l mt mu xm (theo quy c)

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Tuy nhin nu c cht cm b mt v tc ng nh sng m cha dng lnh Render Scene th Revit Architecture cng khng sn sinh c cho chng ta mt hnh nh nh mong mun. V vy bc u chng ta s nghin cu v Render, k tip s nghin cu v nh sng (Raytrace) v cui cng l cht cm b mt.

Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

III. Render

Trc khi Render, chng ta cn phi thit lp mt mi cnh (Scene) vi gi thit rng y s l mi cnh m cng trnh s tn ti. thit lp mt Render Scene, chng ta lm theo nhng bc di y 1. Trong ct lnh Setting, chn Render Scene, mt hp thai xut hin nh sau:

Cc c ngha nh sau : th nht : nu c thit lp mt hay nhiu Scene ri th s c lit k y. V d ta s lp ra hai Scene tn l Ngai-Ty-Nam v Ngai-ng-Bc. th lc qu trnh mun Render Scene no th ta ch vic gi Scene ra th hai : lp mt Scene mi cha c th ba : Scene m chng ta mun to lp Render l ni tht (Interior) ngai tht (Exterior) 2. Click nt OK s hin ra mt hp thai nh hnh 8.B.III.2 di y

Hnh 8.B.III.1

Hnh 8.B.III.2
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Trong hp thai chng ta tm hiu 2 phn quan trng : Scene Settings 3. Environment : quy nh cho mu phng ca hnh (Background) hay hnh nh ca bu tri (Automatic Sky). Nu Click vo ny s c mt hp thai khc tip tc xut hin c chn la c th hn. Chng ta s lm iu ny khi Render cng trnh m trong chng truc chng ta thit k. 4. Lighting : iu khin nh sng nhn to gp phn nh th no (bt, tt hay m) trong qu trnh Render. 5. Sun : Ging nh trng hp Shading trn, mc ny s quy nh v tr ca cng trnh thit k so vi v tr ca mt tri v hnh Render to ra s vo thi im no trong nm. 6. Plant Season : ty vo ma khc nhau trong nm, nhng cy c b tr trong tm nhn ca phi cnh s c nhng thay i khc nhau (v d cy ma xun s nhiu l v cy ma ng s tri l) RayTrace Settings 7. Quality : cht lng hnh sau khi Render s c ty chn theo mc t thp n cao Draft, Medium, Good, Better v Best. Cht lng hnh cng cao i hi thi gian Render cng lu. Xem hnh 8.B.III.3 nhn bit cht lng gia Medium v Best

Quality : Medium Hnh 8.B.III.3

Quality : Best

Ch nhng d khc bit s s (Bump) ca tung Bu tri c phn chiu trong cc king ca ca s 8. Reflection Bounces : trong mi trung thc t, mt vt th khng ch chu tc ng nh sng trc tip t mt ngun sng duy nht l mt tri m cn chu s tc ng phn chiu nh sng t cc vt th ln cn. S ln phn chiu ny xy ra ty thuc vo ngun nng lng ca nh sng. Vi thng s ny chng ta c th quy nh s ln phn chiu hnh Render c trung thc cao hn. Xem hnh 8.B.III.4
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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Reflectiion Bounces = 1 Hnh 8.B.III.4

Reflectiion Bounces = 2

9. Transparency Bounces : cng ging nh trn, s ln m nh sng xuyn qua nhng vt th trong sut c xc nh y. Thng s ny cng tc ng n thi gian Render 10. Soft Shadow : vi hiu ng ny, cc cnh vin ca bng s khng qu sc nt lm cho hnh nh Render trng c v thc hn. Xem hnh 8.B.III.5

Khng chn Soft Shadows Hnh 8.B.III.5

Chn Soft Shadows

11. Blurry Reflections : khi mt vt th gn mt b mt c kh nng phn chiu th hiu ng ny s gip cho hnh nh Render thc hn. 12. Blurry Transparency : i vt th trong sut, lun lun chng ta nhn c vt th nm sau n. Hiu ng ny gip ch nhng hnh nh nm sau vt th trong sut c v thc hn Hai hiu ng Blurry trn thc cht l lm cho cc hnh nh sn sinh t Reflection v Transparency c sc nt b suy gim.
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13. Recalc Radiosity Lights : hiu ng ny rt quan trng khi chng ta Render mt ni tht. Cng ta s tm hiu sau. Di y chng ta bt u i vo nghin cu cht cm b mt (Texture) ca vt liu m chng ta s quy nh cho cng trnh ca chng ta. Mt ln na xin ch l Texture s khng c nhn thy nu khng c RayTrace v cha Render

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IV. Cht cm b mt (texture) ca vt liu xy dng

1. V li hnh phi cnh. Chp nhn cc thng s nh chng ta tm thi quy c trong phn Render pha trn. Click vo Raytrace trong phn Tab Modeling ca Design Bar. Click tip nt GO, Revit Architecture s Render cho chng ta v kt qu s nh hnh 8.B.IV.1 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.1 Chng ta c nhng nhn xt sau : Cht lng hnh cha cao (c nhiu rng ca ng vin ca cc b mt). Nguyn nhn do chng ta quay uc Resolution ( phn gii thp). Revit Architecture cho chng ta 3 la chn v Resolution : Thng Custom : 75 dpi; Trung bnh Medium : 150 dpi v Best cao nht 300 dpi. Ty thuc vo giai an nghin cu m chng ta chn Resolution thch ng. Resolution s nh hng n 2 kt qu. Resolution cng cao hnh Render cng ln v thi gian Render cng lu. Cc vt liu cha ng. Nguyn nhn v ta cha quy c Texture cho cc b mt . Trong qu trnh thit k vt liu xy dng, chng ta cn phn bit r 2 thnh phn : phn bn trong vt liu khng th thy trn hnh phi cnh (nh lp gch xy) v phn thy c trn phi cnh (nh lp t hoc lp p. Lp bn trong chng ta ch cn ch n phn hin hnh Raster (khng c vai tr g trong hnh nh thc. Lp thy c phi ch c Vector ln Raster.
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2. Thay i Resolution cao hn, t Draft 75 dpi sang Presentation 300dpi v Click nt GO c kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.2 di y

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Hnh 8.B.IV.2 Nhn xt chng ta thy cht lng ca hnh nh cao hn rt nhiu ln. Tuy nhin thi gian Render cng lu hn. Mt thng tin chng ta tham kho. Hnh 8.B.IV.2 l kt qu Render sau 20 pht ca Revit Architecture vi thng s phn cng nh sau : Laptop vi Proceesor Due Core 2 (2x2.0), Graphic Card 256, b nh 2 GB Ch : nu bn khng thay i nhng yu t lm tng thm thi gian trong Render Scene th y l thi gian lu nht c c mt hnh Render. Nhng ln Raytrace k tip thng nhanh hn. 3. Chng ta s lu hnh nh ny ( so snh sau ny) bng cch Click vo Capture Render trong Tab Render ca Design Bar. Trong th View ca Design Bar s xut hin 1 th mc con tn l Render v hnh va c Render c lu li trong th mc ny. Chn ch Hide trong View bar that khi hnh Render. Di y chng ta s gn vt liu cho cc cu to thy c trong thc t. Ngi s dng c th to lp mt lai vt liu mi vi cc cht cm b mt ty chn (c ly t trong phn mm, hoc t mt ngun no khc). Cht cm b mt nu cn thit nht thit phi c quy nh hnh thc Raster (nu khng s khng c kt qu Raytrace nh mun). Cn quy nh v Vector th ty thuc vo yu cu ca h s thit k k thut. Vt liu xy dng lun lun c mu sc. Mu sc mun c th hin mt cch trung thc v phong ph th ch c phng tin Raster. tm hiu mu sc c thnh lp nh th no trong Revit Architecture, chng ta nghin cu cc yu t c nh hng n phn mu sc di y trc khi bt u nghin cu cht cm b mt.
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nh sng 1. Cc m hnh sng c bn a. Ngun sng Ngun sng khng cn thit khi ta khng cn nhn mt vt th. Khi ta nhn thy mt vt th c ngha l nh sng chiu vo vt th, vt th phn chiu n mt chng ta. Trong mi trng thc, mt vt th c chiu bng nhiu ngun khc nhau, nhng c th sp xp vo 2 loi c bn sau y : Cc ngun t bn thn c kh nng pht sng, v d : mt tri, cc bng n, ti vi, cc vt th d quang . . . Cc ngun sng phn chiu t cc vt th chung quanh vt th m chng ta mun nhn, v d : quan st mt ngi ng gn mt bc tng chng ta s thy c 2 ngun sng, mt t nh sng mt tri, mt t nh sng mt tri chiu vo bc tng ri phn x ra con ngi Khi kch thuc ca ngun sng rt nh so vi kch thc ca vt c chiu sng th c coi nh l ngun sng im. Khc vi ngun sng im l ngun sng phn b. Trong thit k kin trc, chng ta thng xem ngun sng t nhin (t mt tri) l ngun sng phn b, ngun sng nhn to (t cc loi n chiu sng) l ngun sng im. b. Cc phng thc chiu sng. Nh cp, mt vt th c chiu sng t nhiu ngun khc nhau. Mt cng trnh kin trc trong mi trng ban ngy c chiu sng t ngun sng phn b l mt tri. Ngoi ra do hnh khi m c nhng ngun sng phn x qua li gia cc khi vi nhau cng l ngun sng phn b. y l m hnh c bn nht c gi tn l Ambient Light. Khi nhn c nh sng t nh sng ngun, trn b mt ca vt th s to ra 2 hiu ng pht sng l Diffuse Reflection v Specular Reflection i vi mi trng chung quanh. c im ca Diffusion Reflection l ng hng v yu hn nh sng t ngun ti vt th c hiu ng ny. Cng ca nh sng phn x t vt th mnh hay yu ty thuc vo cht liu b mt ca vt th. Diffusion ca mt gch ceramic bao gi ca mnh hn ca gch gm do mt gch ceramic nhn hn mt gch gm. Khi cng nh sng phn x v nh sng ti tng ng ta c Specular Light. i vi vt th trong sut, nh sng ngun i n n v gn nh xuyn qua hon ton. Ta c nh sng khc x. (Refracted Light) Cc phng thc chiu sng trn l nhng l lun c s chng ta bit c cc lm vic ca Revit Architecture trong qu trnh to nhng hnh nh bipmap cho ngnh thit k kin trc. 2. Cng nh sng Trong qu trnh m phng mt thc t ln mn hnh, cc mc sng coi nh phn b trong on [0,1], trong gi tr 0 tng ng vi mc pixel khng c hin th, gi tr 1 tng ng vi pixel sng nht.

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 phong ph thm cung sng, trong hnh trng en ngi ta s dng phng php Haftoning cho nhng hnh nh en trng. i vi hnh nh mu dng thm k thut Dithering. 3. Cc m hnh chiu trong ng dng thc t Trong qu trnh m phng thc t, vi 1 ngun sng chiu sng 1 mt phng vi th ch cn 1 cng sng; i vi mt khng phng, ty v tr m c nhng cng sng khc nhau mc d tuy trong thc t ch c 1 cng sng t ngun sng. lm c vic ny, cc phn mm ho thng dng cc phng php nh sau : Phng php Constant-Intensity Shading Phng php Gouraud Shading Phng php Phong Shading Tu thuc vo yu cu v trung thc ca hnh nh so vi thc t m mm cho cung ng cho ngi s dng chn phng php no. Phng Phong cho cht lng cao nht, Constant Intensity cho cht lng thp Ch rng, hnh nh cht lng cng cao cng i hi thi gian x l v cng tt hn. phn php nht. phn

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Mu sc 1. Cc h mu nghin cu mu sc cn rt nhiu hiu bit v cc lnh vc : quang hc, sinh l hc, tm l hc i vi ngi s dng phn mm ha, mi quan tm ch l s cm nhn mu sc ca con ngi i vi cc b phn hin th ca my tnh. Phn cng da trn nhiu yu cu khc nhau a ra cc phng php pht sinh mu trn mn hin th khc nhau. C bn c 2 loi nh sau : Da trn cc thut ton pht sinh mu ca my tnh chng ta c chun RGB Da trn s cm nhn mu sc ca mt c chun HSL 2. Chun RGB Da trn 3 mu s cp l Red Green Blue. S kt hp c cc mu khc nhau c m t bng 1 khi lp phng vi cc trc chnh l ba mu s cp ny R, G, B. Mi mu trong chun RGB l c biu din nh l mt vector trong khi lp phng. 8 nh trong hnh lp phng, ta c cc mu c biu din vi to nh sau : Red 1,0,0 ( trc X) Green 0,1,0 (trc Z) Blue 0,0,1 (trc Y) Black 0,0,0 (gc to ) White 1,1,1 Cyan 0,1,1 Yellow 1,1,0 Mangenta 1,0,1 Ch cc nh i nhau (Red Cyan, Green Magenta, Blue Yellow, Black White) c gi l 2 mu b nhau (khi kt hp s to mu Grey). Nh vy trc i mu Black v White s cha ton b mu Grey vi cc sc khc nhau. Trong cc
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phn mm ho nu s dng chun ny cho ngi s dng , mu sc c biu din bng vector tng ca cc vector thnh phn. Thun li ca chun RGB RGB l chun cng nghip m cc phn mm ha da vo m phng mu sc. C nhiu chun m phng mu sc, nhng cui cng cng cn phi chuyn v chun ny hin th cho ngi s dng thy c. C th chuyn i qua li gia chun RGB vi cc chun khc nh CMYK, HLS, HLV Cc tnh ton trn RGB thng n gin Kh khn ca chun RGB RGB ph thuc vo phn cng, v vy cng mt mu nhng trn phn cng ny mu s khc vi phn cng khc trung thc mu ca mi trung o theo chun RGB so vi mi trung thc cn nhiu hn ch do chun ny khng hon ton ph hp vi mt ngi. s m phng c trung thc hn, chun RGB c ch trng hn hn v s cm nhn ca mt ngi tr thnh chun HSL 3. Chun HSL Thc ra chun HSL l mt php bin i ca RGB v vn phi ph thuc vo phn cng m phng mu sc trn hin th ca phn cng. Ba yu t c tc ng n cm nhn mu sc ca mt ngi l Hue Saturation Lightness. H HSL c biu din trong h to tr (2 hnh nn p ngc vo nhau), trong H tng ng vi gc quay, S l to gc, L l trc thng ng. Thun li ca chun HSL Gn gi vi s cm nhn mu sc i vi mt ngi Vic kim sot mu d hn i vi ngi s dng. Kh khn ca chun HSL Vic tnh ton mt mu mi so vi cc mu gc s phc tp hn khi tnh ton lm cho phn cng phi hot ng chm hn Cn phi hiu chnh sng hay chi (thng s Gamma) Cng da trn s pht trin ca h mu RGB, mt h mu khc c pht trin l h mu HSV. Tuy nhin s dng cc phn mm thit k kin trc theo khuynh hng BIM, chng ta ch cn ch n hai h mu RGB v HSL l . Vt liu L mt trng hp c bit ca mu sc. Nu trong phn mu sc, mt mng mu ch c mt mu duy nht th trong vt liu c nhiu mu. Do c nhiu mu, nn c nhng thut ton gip cho mu ca vt liu c nhng cch biu hin khc nhau trn mt mng mu. i vi cht liu b mt, c nhiu cch phn chia nh : Theo mc ch s dng chng ta c vt liu hon thin tng (nh sn nc, p ), vt liu trn (g, thch cao, nha ) , vt liu mi (ngi, tn ) v. v.
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Theo cht liu to nn vt liu nh nha, kim loi, vi, ceramic. . .

Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Theo kinh nghim thit k v s dng my tnh trong thit k, tc gi ngh phn chia cht liu b mt ra 2 loi chnh nh sau : Vt liu c b mt nhn Trong loi ny ta chia ra 2 loi nh - Nhn c th nhn xuyn qua (nh knh) c phn ra bng kh nng nhn xuyn qua nhiu hay t. - Nhn khng th nhn xuyn qua (nh gch lt nn) c phn ra bng phn chiu khi nh sng i n Lc s dng vt liu ny, chng ta khng cn ch n hiu ng Bump, m ch nhiu n Shining, Reflection v Transparency. Vt liu c b mt khng nhn Trong loi ny ta cng c th chia ra 2 loi nh - khng nhn c tnh quy lut - khng nhn c khng c tnh quy lut Trong trng hp ny, chng ta cn ch n hiu ng Bump. i vi lai vt liu ny, trong cc phn mm ha kin trc l s kt hp nhiu hnh Bipmap chng ln nhau. V d : hnh bitmap gch l kt hp gia mu nn (Base) v mch va (Joint) Ch rng s phn chia trn ch tng i da trn s cm nhn ca th gic i vi mt cng trnh kin trc. Tip tc bi thc hnh 4. Chng ta gn Texture cho tng dy 300 p ngai bng cch vo Properties ca tng ny (Click vo vo tn ca tng ny). Chng ta s to mt lai vt liu mi c tn l Granit mu bng theo nh hng dn trong hnh 8.B.IV.3 di y

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Hnh 8.B.IV.3 17

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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

5. Tip tc quy nh Texture cho Da Granit mau do bong theo nh hng dn trong hnh 8.B.IV.4 di y

Hnh 6.IV.B.4 6. Chng OK 4 ln tr li Drawing Area Render. Tuy nhin nu Render nh bc 2 trn y th rt mt thi gian. Revit Architecture cung cp cho chng ta mt cng c tn l Region Raytrace. Khi dng lnh ta ch Render mt khu vc nh cn thit xem kt qu lm vic m thi. Lm theo hng dn trong hnh 6.IV.B.5 di y xem xt kt qu Ch : Trong nhng ln Region Raytrace k tip nu chng ta khng chn mt khung ca s khc th Revit Architecture s lm vic theo khung c. Nu mun Raytrace tan b ngay sau 1 ln Region Raytrace, ngi s dng cng buc phi dng Region Raytrace nhng m chn tan b. Nu khng Revit Architecture cng ch lm vic trn khung hnh c.

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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Nu chng ta thy mu cha va th cng nn cha thay i (chng ta s hc cch thay i mu ca vt liu trong nhng buc k tip) v chng ta cha gn Texture cho tan b nn cha thy r s tng tc nh sng ca cc Texture khc. Khi Render nh th ny, ch mt khang 1/10 thi gian 7. Tng t chng ta gn Texture cho tng dy 300 t hai mt vi cc thng s c hng dn nh trong hnh 8.B.IV.6 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.6 8. Click OK v li hp thai Material. Trong hp thai ny iu chnh Surface Pattern thnh No Pattern. Click Ok thm 3 ln na v li Drawing Area. Dng Region Raytrace c kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.7 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.7
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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

9. Tip tc gn Texture cho tng 200 t hai mt vi Texture nh tng 300 trn. Kim tra li chng ta gn texture cho tng 200 p gch ngai Raytrace ton b cng trnh c kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.8 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.8 Chng ta lu li hnh ny. Nu bn mun xem kch thc tht ca hnh ny khi in Revit Architecture, bn Click phi v chn Zoom Image 1.1 bn s thy chi tit r hn nh hnh 8.B.IV.9 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.9
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Chng ta s bt u lm quen vi vic thay i Texture ca mt vt liu c sn trong Revit Architecture. Trong hnh 8.B.IV.9, chng ta thy cc mch lp gch p c mu sng, chng ta s thay i thnh mu sm. Chng ta vo Setting/Materials vo hp thai Materials. Theo kinh nghim, chng ta khng nn thay i nhng texture ca Revit Architecture m nn to Revit Architecture mt lai mi t ci c. 10. Highlight vt liu Masonny Brick trong phn Name ca hp thai Materials. Click nt Duplicate v t tn l gch gm p tng. Vt liu mi xut hin trong phn Name v cc tnh cht biu din hnh hc ca n khng khc g Masonny Brick. Chng ta ch cn thay i Texture trong phn AccuRender bng ch Click vo nt bn cnh s xut hin hp thai Material Library. Trong hp thai ny, chng ta thy tn ca Texture c Highlight. Click phi vo Texture ny v chn Edit s c mt hp thai Material Editor xut hin nh hnh 8.B.IV.10 di y

Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Hnh 8.B.IV.10 11. Trong hp thai Material Editor, Click vo Joint trong Tile ca phn Procerdures s thy hp thai se thay i nh hnh 8.B.IV.11 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.11
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Mt Texture trong Revit Architecture thng c nhiu thnh phn kt hp nhau c trnh by trong phn trn. Nh trong trung hp ny c 2 thnh phn : Base l phn mu nn, Joint l phn cc ng k biu din cc lp va. Mun iu chnh phn no th Highlight phn ln. 12. thay i mu ca Joint, trong phn Base Color thay i cc gi tr R, G v B theo nh hnh 8.B.IV.12 di y

Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Hnh 8.B.IV.12 Khi chng ta OK, s c hi Yes, No, Save As th ta chn Save As v t tn l Op Gach Ngang v OK. C th ln u Revit Architecture s khng cho php, chng ta lm li 1 ln na v lu tn ny vo trong phn User. Click Ok 3 ln tr li Drawing Area. 13. Thay i vt liu trong tng dy 200 op gach ngai bng vt liu mi v Region Raytrace khu vc c tng p gch ny c kt qu nh hnh 6.IV.B.13 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.13 Nhng bc tip theo chng ta s to mt Texture khng c ht (nh tng) cho thnh Chneau 14. Tng t nh trn, chng ta lm cho hp thai xut hin. Trong hp thai Materials, chng ta chn Finishes-Exterior-Metal Panel, Click vo nt Duplicate v t tn l Sn nc mt ngai Theo kinh nghim t chc d liu cho bn thn cng nh cho mt s cng ty khc, tc gi c nhng ngh sau : Trong phn Name ca hp thai Materials chng ta ch nn t tn vt liu theo cng nng ch khng nn t tn theo vt liu. V d : lp p thay v lp p hoa cng.
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Trong phn Texture ca Accurender s t tn c th v mu sc v vt liu Trong hp thai Material Library (theo tc gi nn hiu l Texture Library th chnh xc hn) nn t chc th mc theo cch ca Revit Architecture trong phn User th d qun l v bo qun hn.

Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

S d chng ta chn vt liu Metal Panel v mc nh th hin hnh hc han tan cha c. Chng ta kch hat phn AccuRender hp thai Material Library xut hin. Trong th mc Solid Color ca th mc AccuRender chn mu bt k th mc no, chn tip mt mu bt k, Click phi v chn nh hnh 8.B.IV.14 nh hnh di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.14 Hiu chnh R = 230, G = 140, B = 090 v lu trong th mc User vi ten Son nuoc vang 230 140 090. OK 3 ln v li Drawing Area. Kch hat tng mi, chn tt c cc tng lm thnh mt ng ca chneau v chn Propeties. 15. Trong Properties chn Edit Duplicate thm mt trng vi tn Tuong day 100, to hai mat, cheneau. Click nt Edit trong Structure gn vt liu cho lp t mt ngai l Son nuoc mat ngoai 2. Region Raytrace mt khu trn hnh phi cnh c tng mt ng v cheneau c kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.15 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.15
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Trong hnh trn, chng ta thy y ca chneau ch c gn Texture, trong nhng buc kt tip chng ta s gn vt liu v Texture lp cu to y. Cng ging nh tng, ngi s dng c th cu to mt Floor bng nhiu lp khc nhau. Cch to lp cc lp ny cng ging nh to lp cc lp cho tng. 16. Chn Chneau v Click nt Properties. Trong hp thai Element Properties, Click nt Edit hp thai Type Properties xut hin. Trong hp thai ny Click vo nt Duplicate v t tn san BTCT Day 100 Chneau. Click nt Edit trong Structure thm 1 lp va nh hnh 8.B.IV.16 di y

Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Hnh 8.B.IV.16 Ok 3 ln v li Drawing Area. Region Raytrace c kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.17 doi y

Hnh 8.B.IV.17 17. To thm Teaxture mi tn Son nuoc mat ngoai mu trang vi cc thng s R = 256, R= 256, B = 259, gn cho tt c cc ch tng. Thay i Texture ca cc tng nmg trong khong trc A v B + 2tng k cn. Region Raytrace c kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.18
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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Hnh 8.B.IV.18 Trong nhng bc k tip chng ta to lp mt sn ngai tri cho tan b cng trnh. Sau s gn Texture cho sn ny thy tc ng ca Raytrace nhiu hn na. 18. Tng t nh hc, chng ta v ng bao vi kch thc nh trong hnh 8.B.IV.19 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.19 Ch : to thm 1 Floor mi tn l sn vn trc khi v Tht ra trong mc Environment ca phn Render Scene, cng c phn Ground Plan ngi s dng din t mt t. Nhng phc v cho vic hc cc phn khc trong cc chng sau, tc gi ngh chng ta s dng cch ny. Sau khi v xong chn nt Finish Sketch. V li Phi cnh v Shade c kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.20 di y
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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Hnh 8.B.IV.20 19. To mt vt liu cho sn vn vi tn l Nhua duong vi Texture trong AccuRender/Site/Asphalt Aggregate. Theo kinh nghm, chng ta cho nha ng ny bng ln c th phn chiu (Refletive Finish) hnh nh cng trnh mt cht (trong thc t iu ny s khng xy Revit Architecture, nhng y mun lm thm hc cch lm Texture) lm iu ny, Click phi Asphalt v chn New/Use Curent Material as Template. Trong hp thai mi xut hin chn Reflettive Finish gi tr 0.300, v lu li trong User vi tnNhua duong bong 20. V li phi cnh, Gn vt liu Nhua duong cho Floor san vuon. RayTrace tan b hnh nh c kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.21 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.23 (Thi gian Raytrace = 10 pht)

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Trong hnh trn chng ta c nhng nhn xt sau : ba bc tng nm gia 2 trc A v B c mu sc khng thng nht. Nguyn nhn nh sau : Do Texture ca tng v tnh b quy nh phn chiu cao qu nn nhng vt th gm k cn b phn chiu vo Do mi ca phn snh vo pha truc cha c gn vt liu nn s phn chiu ca mi ny ln tng lm ha ln 2 mu vi nhau. khc phc iu ny, chng ta s kim tra li Texture ca vt liu son nuoc mat tien 2 c phi b quy inh h s Reflective Finish cao qua hay khng? Nu cao qu th chng ta nn thay i nh li thm ch bng khng. ng thi chng ta cng s quy nh bu tri s nh th no cng nh b tr thm mt vi hnh ngi. 21. Trn hnh phi cnh chng ta chn ch Shading with Edges. Highlight bc tng ny ln v Click vo nt Properties v cc bc cn thit xem. Bn s thy gi tr ca Reflective Finish gn 0.500. Bn iu chnh v 0. 22. Kch hat mt bng cao tng trt. Click vo nt Component trong Modeling Tab ca Design Bar. Click vo nt Load trn thanh cng c. Hp thai tn Open xut hin. Click vo Entourage/RPC Beetle v click nt Open. nh v xe hi gn ng dc. Trn cao sn vn tip tc chn thm Planting/Shrub v b tr bn gc di tri ca mt bng. 23. Click vo Setting/Render Scene trn ct lnh. Hp thai xut hin Click vo nt Environment hp thai Environment xut hin. Chn Cloud trong phn Advanced. Mt thai khc xut hin nh hnh 8.B.IV.24 nh di y

Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Hnh 8.B.IV.24 Sau khi chn Sheet Cloud v 3D Cloud OK 2 ln. Kch hat hnh phi cnh v Raytrace kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.25 di y

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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Hnh 8.B.IV.25 24. Click vo Settings trn Render Tab. Trong hp thai chn Winter di Planting Season. That khi hp thai. Tp lp mt vt liu cho mi. Raytrace mt ln na c kt qu nh hnh 8.B.IV.26 di y

Hnh 8.B.IV.26 25. Chng ta chn mt ng hng nam (khng phi chn trong Project Browser m chn trong View/Orient/South) th hin mt mt ng di dng Raster nh hnh 8.B.IV.27 di y
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Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Hnh 8.B.IV.27 26. Tip tc gn vt liu v Raytrace han thnh hnh Render ca bn thn cng trnh c mt hnh Render p cn nhiu yu t khc na. Tuy nhin, ng gc trung thc th Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng nhiu dng c tt thc hin. n chng ny chng ta ch mi to lp nhng hnh phi cnh ngai. Trong nhng chng sau, chng ta s hc cch c nhng hnh Render ni tht. Sau chng ta s kt hp c 2 cch c nhng hnh Render mang tnh thm m cao hn na. Bn cnh , Revit Architecture cn gip ngi s dng lm nhng Video Clip tng tnh hp dn khi trnh din n vi khch hng

C. Bi Tp
I. Bi tp l thuyt
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CU HI Radisity rt quan trng nghin cu tc ng ca nh sng mt tri Lnh Shading ch cho mt lai bng nht nh, ngi s dng khng th can thip Mu sc ca Revit Architecture theo chun CMYK Hnh Render th hin hnh nh Bitmap ca vt liu li ln b mt C th iu chnh mc xuyn sng ca king theo yu cu ca ngi s dng Revit Architecture gip cho ngi s dng nghin cu c tc ng ca nh sng mt tri i vi cng trnh Revit Architecture cho php a mt hnh Bitmap bt k lm Background Reflection Bounces quy nh s ln xuyn sng ca nh sng mt tri qua vt liu trong sut Dng hnh chiu ng trong Project Browser Render s c hiu qu tt hn nhiu so vi cc phng php khc C th Raytrace mt bng trnh din vi khch hng 29 TR LI S

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture

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II. Tho lun

Chng 8 : Vt liu v mu sc

Ti sao khng dng Ground Plan m t mt t m phi dng Floor? CHC MNG BN HC XONG CHNG 8

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