Nhp v Xut trong C

Chng 4

Input and Output in C

Input and Output in C 1 / of 27

Mc tiu ca bi hc

Tm hiu cc hm Nhp/Xut c nh dng

scanf(), printf()

S dng cc hm Nhp/Xut k t
getchar(), putchar()

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 2/ 25

Nhp/Xut chun
Th vin chun trong C Cung cp cc hm x l nhp v xut chun Cc hm nhp/xut k t v chui Thit b nhp chun thng l bn phm. Thit b xut chun thng l mn hnh (console). Nhp/xut c th c x l qua file
Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 3/ 25

Tp tin Header <stdio.h>

#include <stdio.h>
y l cu lnh tin x l

stdio.h l tp tin header (header file) Cha cc macro s dng cho nhiu hm nhp/xut trong C Cc macro trong stdio.h gip cc hm printf(), scanf(), putchar(), getchar() thc thi
Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 4/ 25

Nhp/Xut c nh dng

printf( ) xut d liu c nh dng scanf( ) nhp d liu c nh dng Cc c t nh dng - dng nh dng gi tr cc bin c nhp vo v in ra

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 5/ 25

printf ( )
Hin th d liu ra thit b xut chun nh mn hnh
C php printf ( control string, argument list);

Danh sch i s (argument list) cha hng, bin, biu thc hoc cc hm phn cch bi du phy Phi c m nh dng tng ng trong control string cho mi i s trong danh sch Cc m nh dng phi khp vi danh sch i s v s lng, kiu d liu v th t. control string lun c t trong du

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 6/ 25

printf ( ) (tt.)
control string c th: 1. Cc k t vn bn : gm cc k t c th in c 2. Cc m nh dng : bt u vi k hiu % v theo sau l mt m nh dng tng ng cho tng kiu d liu 3. Cc k t khng in c : gm tab, blank v new_line

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 7/ 25

M nh dng
nh dng printf() scanf()

K t n (single character) Chui (string) S nguyn c du (signed integer) S nguyn h 16 khng du S nguyn h 8 khng du S thc du chm ng Long float Biu din khoa hc (dng ly tha) ca float Kiu float ( %f hay %e , khi ngn hn)

%c %s %d %x %o %f %lf %e hay %E %g

%c %s %d %u %x %o %f hoc %e %lf %f or %e %f

S nguyn khng du (unsigned integer) %u

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 8/ 25

V d
STT

Lnh

Chui iu khin

Ni dung chui iu khin

Danh sch i s

Gii thch danh sch i s

Hin th trn mn hnh

1. 2. 3.

printf(%d,300); printf(%d,10+5); printf(Good Morning Mr. Lee.);

%d %d Good Morning Mr. Lee. %d \nhello

Ch cha m nh dng Ch cha lnh nh dng Ch cha cc k t vn bn Ch cha lnh nh dng Cha k t khng c in v cc k t vn bn Ch cha lnh nh dng Cha lnh nh dng v k t khng c in

300 10 + 5 Rng

Hng Biu thc Rng

300 15 Good Morning Mr. Lee. 100 hello on a new line Good Apple 0 , 100

4. 5.

int count = 100; printf(%d,count); printf(\nhello);

count Rng

Bin Rng

6.

#define str Good Apple .. printf(%s,str); .. int count,stud_num; count=0; stud_nim=100; printf(%d %d\n,count, stud_num);

%s

str

Hng k hiu Hai bin

7.

%d %d

count, stud_num

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 9/ 25

Cc k t c bit

\\ In ra k t \ \ In ra k t %% In ra k t %

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 10/ 25

V d cho hm printf()
Chng trnh hin th s nguyn, thp phn, k t v chui
#include <stdio.h> void main() { int a = 10; float b = 24.67892345; char ch = A; printf(Integer data = %d, a); printf(Float Data = %f,b); printf(Character = %c,ch); printf(This prints the string); printf(%s,This also prints a string); }
Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 11/ 25

B t trong hm printf( )
1. B t D liu in ra c canh l tri, phn t s c in bt u t v tr bn tri trong cng ca trng.

2. B t xc nh rng trng n

S dng cho tt c cc kiu d liu. rng

trng l mt s nguyn xc nh chiu di nh nht cha d liu in ra

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 12/ 25

B t trong hm printf( ) (tt.)

3. chnh xc .m S dng vi kiu float, double. Ch ra s ch s sau phn thp phn 4. B t 0 Cc s 0 c thm vo d liu khi in ra trong trng hp b t ch rng ln (mc nh l cc khong trng) 5. B t l Hin th cc i s nguyn kiu int hay double. M nh dng tng ng l %ld
Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 13/ 25

B t trong hm printf( ) (tt.)

6. B t h
B t ny c s dng hin th dng short int. M nh dng tng ng nh l %hd

7. B t *

Chng trnh s xc nh rng cha d liu

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 14/ 25

V d v cc b t
/* This program demonstrate the use of Modifiers in printf() */
#include <stdio.h> void main(){ printf(The number 555 in various forms:\n); printf(Without any modifier: \n); printf([%d]\n,555); printf(With modifier :\n); printf([%-d]\n,555); printf(With digit string 10 as modifier :\n); printf([%10d]\n,555); printf(With 0 as modifier : \n); printf([%0d]\n,555); printf(With 0 and digit string 10 as modifiers :\n); printf([%010d]\n,555); printf(With -,0 and digit string 10 as modifiers:\n); printf([%-010d]\n,555); }
Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 15/ 25

scanf( )

c s dng nhp d liu Dng tng qut ca hm scanf() scanf(control string, argument list); M nh dng dng trong hm printf() cng c s dng trong hm scanf()

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 16/ 25

S khc nhau v danh sch i s gia printf( ) v scanf( )

printf() s dng cc bin, hng v cc biu thc scanf() s dng cc con tr ti bin Danh sch i s trong scanf() phi theo qui tc : c gi tr vo mt bin c kiu d liu c s, s dng k hiu & trc tn bin c gi tr vo mt bin c kiu d liu dn xut, khng s dng & trc tn bin Khng c tu chn %g M nh dng %f v %e l ging nhau

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 17/ 25

V d vi hm scanf( )
#include <stdio.h> void main(){ int a; float d; char ch, name[40]; printf(Please enter the data\n); scanf(%d %f %c %s,&a,&d,&ch,name); printf(\n The values accepted are: %d,%f,%c,%s,a, d,ch,name); }

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 18/ 25

Vng m Nhp/Xut
c s dng c v ghi cc k t ASCII Mt vng m (buffer) l mt khng gian lu tr tm thi trong b nh hoc trn th iu khin thit b B m Nhp/Xut c th chia lm :

Console I/O Buffered File I/O

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 19/ 25

Console I/O

Cc hm Console I/O chuyn cc thao tc n thit b xut nhp chun ca h thng Trong C cc hm console I/O n gin nht l:
getchar( ) - c mt v ch mt k t t bn phm putchar( ) - xut mt k t ln mn hnh

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 20/ 25

getchar( )
Dng c d liu nhp, mt k t t bn phm Cc k t t trong vng m n khi ngi dng g phm enter Hm getchar( ) khng c i s, nhng vn phi c cp du ngoc ( )

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 21/ 25

V d hm getchar()
/*Program to demonstrate the use of getchar()*/

#include <stdio.h> void main() { char letter; printf(\nPlease enter any character:); letter = getchar(); printf(\nThe character entered by you is %c, letter); }

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 22/ 25

putchar( )

Hm xut k t trong C C mt i s

i s ca mt hm putchar( ) c th l : Mt hng k t n Mt m escape Mt bin k t

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 23/ 25

V d
putchar(c) : hin th k t lu tr trong bin c ra mn hnh putchar(A) : hin th A ra mn hnh putchar(5) : hin th 5 ra mn hnh putchar(\t) : hin th khong tab putchar(\n) : con tr xung dng tip theo

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 24/ 25

putchar( )
/* This program demonstrates the use of constants and escape sequences in putchar()*/
#include <stdio.h> void main(){ putchar(H); putchar(\n); putchar(\t); putchar(E); putchar(\n); V d putchar(\t); putchar(\t); putchar(L); putchar(\n); putchar(\t); putchar(\t); putchar(\t); putchar(L); putchar(\n); putchar(\t); putchar(\t); putchar(\t); putchar(\t); putchar(O); }

Lp trnh vi ngn ng C - Session 6 25/ 25