CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Language is a communication tool used by society to express ideas has become a consensus together.

Expression of these languages describe the tendency of speakers. Therefore, to study and explain the language must necessarily involve social aspects of the imaging community, such as social order, social strata, age, environment and others. Contrary to what was said by Chomsky that language is asocial because it ignores the heterogeneity that exists in society, social status, education, age, sex, cultural background, and others. Chomsky sort between language on the one hand and culture on the other. In studying the language associated with the social culture will produce four possibility. First, the social structure can influence and determine the structure or behavior language. Second, the structure of language and behavior can influence and determine the social structure. Third, their relationship is reciprocal. Fourth, social structure and language structure at all unrelated, this is adopted by Chomsky. If we take the first possibility, then the language is the result of community consensus. Consensus itself will be strongly influenced by the dominance of existing authorities because they are have the power to issue a policy. In the Indonesian language, there are units lingual, which is sexist biologically to distinguish gender, such as the phoneme / a / for the masculine gender and the phoneme / i / for the feminine gender. However, differences in language use by men and women indeed very difficult if only just mere biological tendency of. Many research results about the relevance of language and sociopolitical life and culture which showed that male language indeed different from the language of women. As research conducted by Holmes that language of the Indians, in South America, some of the words used by men over the long sound, rather than being used by women. Discrimination language is found in nearly all languages that are patriarchal, so women experiencing a dilemma and at the same conditions experienced discrimination language in the two thing, that is how they are taught to speak and how the language treats women. Language has been exploited by men to oppress women no exception the English patriarchal ideology that created and defined by men, so women are often revealed. Even if a word is directed at women, it is more showed lower the dignity of women, euphemistic, hyperbolic, and more powerless, while men are more innovative and slank. Furthermore, the patriarchal nature of English was, in labeling the women were more rigid than men. For example, to describe older women there are at least eight kinds of expression; hen, trot, heiler,warhorse, Crone, Hag, beldam, and frump It is evident that women often become the object and cornered in terms of language. This article tries to discuss about the expression language that considered to have no gender justice that exist in English. Discussion includes a glimpse of sex and gender, symmetricalrepresentation, sexist discourse, whether it is men and women use different language, why is there gender differences in language, causes, and cover. Meanwhile, the retrieval of objects in English due to the reasons for conformity with the expertise of the authors.

CHAPTER 2 Language and Gender Expression: a Study of Sociolinguistic

A. Overview of Sex and Gender Every human being is born into the world elected to two types, women and men. These biological differences have fit on the side that women have a uterus, breast, egg, and vagina, while men have sperm and penis, and these differences are given and natural, hence the birth of its natural role as well. Meanwhile, gender refers to differences in the character of men and women based on socio cultural construction, relating to the nature of status, position, and its role in society as well as the gender differences are socially constructed, culturally. In addition, citizens have a variety of text followed by its members as they learn to play the role of masculine and feminine. To illustrate the difference between sex and gender can be seen from the design of the bike. Bicycles designed for women are usually given a saddle that is wider because women have a greater hip (this difference sexist). However, when the bike was not given the crossbar so that women who wear a skirt easier to ride, this has turned into a gender difference because there is no necessity for women wear skirts. Therefore, sexist language is a language that represents the men and women unequally. He also presents the stereotypes about men and women are much harm women. B. English as A Sexist Language As sexist language can be viewed from two perspectives: first, about the degree to which English grammar system itself to support the formation of sexist language, the second, the extent to which factors beyond the language of play. To learn more its share of English grammar system that is sexist, the following are some examples. 1. Symmetry and asymmetry problem English words that are symmetry is the generic word "horse" to refer to both male and female horses. See the following example. Example 1 Generic : horse Female : mare Male : stallion Little horse : foal (male and female) Little female horse : filly Little male horse : colt The term to refer to humans as well use the same system, but not symmetric (asymmetric) Example 2 Generic : man Female : woman Male : man Little man : child Little female man : girl Little male man : boy The word man in the example 2 above clearly indicate a bias of meaning. In the English text, the word man is often interpreted as meaning a generic meaning all people and specific mean men. Differentiate the following sentence: "The man without faith has no source", meaning the generic man said, everyone, whereas in the sentence: "Fasting during Ramadan is compulsory for every Muslim man and woman, rich and poor," the word man means male. Example 3 Female : Miss / Mrs. / Ms. Male : Mr.

Adult males in English just got a greeting title, ie Mr. (Mister), while women had three choices: Mss., Mrs.., And Ms. (Miss, misters, Mis). Women seemed to be clearly identified, when she was a girl, then the greeting Miss., When married to use Mrs., And to blur the (married or feminist) used Ms. This differs from the male, whether he was married or not there is only one degree greeting, namely Mr. Treatment systems such as language that is clearly the existence of male dominance over women. Greetings Miss, actually appeared more recently to obscure the status of a woman. However, worse was even more add being defeated the women of the three options. In other words, there is no necessity for women to reveal their status clearly. 2. Marked and unmarked term There are several terms that are marked to distinguish male and female, and there is an unmarked term, meaning applicable to all genders. Marked the term used to indicate the profession or something that shows women usually by giving the suffix-ess in the word that indicates male. The word is no longer morpheme, but it has become the word formation or derivatives, or in other words, was no longer standard. Consider the following example. Example 4: Male Female God goddess Host hostess Actor Actress Wait waitress Meanwhile, words that are unmarked and should come into force for men and women, but in reality, the use of connotation refers only to male. For example the words of Surgeon, professor, doctor.17 Most people's perception of the profession is only suitable occupied by men, so if a woman works as a surgeon still have to add the word woman to become woman surgeon. Conversely, for the word nurse18) only connoted as female nursing profession, but it is not, so if you want to refer to male nurses must add a word to become female male nurse. Use of the term above implies that the position of men in the profession is considered more normal or more honorable than held by women. 3. Refinement and degrading connotation meaning The purpose narrowing the meaning of a word that refers to the narrower meaning women that type male, whereas the word that connotes degrading women is a word that when used will have a negative meaning. For more details, see the following example. Example 5: Male Female Gentleman / Lord Lady Lord and Lady is basically two words that both have a respectable status in society. Hornby interpreted as the supreme lord male rule, even when added to the capital and is written by means of Jesus, while the lady means belonging to upper class woman. However, in use the two words are not always parallel, the word lord is always a positive connotation. Meanwhile, the lady the word not always. To call this lady's maid (personal servant, ESPECIALLY in charge of her toilet), was to call the servants male is never referred to as lord maid. Similarly, other terms such as lollipop lady (lady who helped schoolchildren cross the road), dinner lady (women that serve lunch the children), and charlady (female servants) that not likely to be replaced with the lord to refer to male male. Another term that pejorative toward women is a mistress, if the male master. In the sentence "He is my master", meaning "He is my boss", but if it said "She is my mistress" could means "He's my affair." 23 It is impossible if there was a woman saying, "He is my master" would means "He's my lover". Of the thirteen sense of the word master written by Hornby, all of them positive connotations, it is different with the word mistress that had only six alternate name meaning and significance of these two negatif.24 Similarly, the term Sir and Madam. Sir word used to greet people

who have high positions, such as Sir Edward, the title before the surname, and for the formal letter. At the madam the word, in addition to have a meaning equivalent to sir, but there is that negative means, namely pimp (madam is a women WHO manages a brothel). Of the several examples above asymmetry term, it is clear that there are "attempts" to denigrate women in the eyes of men. If some terms that show women comes from words that are not characterized by the formation (not berseksis), this indicates that women have been deprived of being subordinated to men. 4. Frequency and topic discussion Cultural society that is patriarchal language to label women as talkative (talkactive). Actually stereotypes about language style differences between men and women is only based on prejudice alone. So powerful was this labeling so that if there is a talkative male that dubbed as a woman. In fact, the above assumption is not always true. Research conducted by Spender, as quoted by Linda Thomas, of the students in the class, boys were more talkative (active) than girls. In addition, boys more than girls interrupting conversations interrupting girls boys. This suggests that as if more men have greater rights than women in situations involving both. Meanwhile, on the subject, women are often considered just love to talk issues related to personal matters, such as family, feelings, and friendship. In men prefer to talk on topics that are impersonal, like cars, football, and home improvement so that men are considered not need to express his feelings. C. Causes of Sexist Language As described above, it was also my intent elements of the power holders, that majority male, to maintain its dominance in society by distinguishing language expression for men and women. This is because the paradigm of society towards women who are considered only as a complement, object, and weak. Therefore, emerging expressions of asymmetry, and that more severe impact to the injustice he (gender inequalities) against women. Here are some of the factors causing differences in the expression of sexist language. 1. Problems Dominance From various studies in the fields of language, its connection with the socio-political and cultural society, it seems that women are different from men. Language differences of men and women is strongly linked to power problems. Indeed, statistically it can be proved that men are more likely to have more power than women in terms of physical, financial, and hierarchies in the workplace. Superior position in turn will give birth to language differences not only lie in differences in sound, grammar usage, the word choice, but also in the way of delivery. In fact, according to Linda Thomas, in a ceremony attended by men and women, women often do not get time to interrupt, and if there is a chance he will not be taken seriously. To offset the dominance of the masculine model of the universe who knows more about this language, there is an offer feminist method. This method seeks to provide opportunities for women to express their opinions, problems, questions, and suggestions that often not heard the public and ignored by researchers nonfeminis. In short, this method produces changes in the status quo of women's lives that women will be able to realize that their condition is not free. 2. Problems Difference These problems arise due to differences in the dominance of one party against another party that then gave birth to the stigma that women are helpless victims, while men are seen as the party that degrades women. This can happen because of the separation between men with women on the stages in the socio-cultural life. There are two things that are considered to contribute to the formation of these differences, first, the problem of social relations. Comradeship and similar playing habits in childhood and then

continue until the adult will give birth to a friendship group of men and women that have their own subcultures. In each of these subcultures also have patterns and style that is only suitable for their group. Problems will arise when they want to communicate. Secondly, it is related to biological factors and socialization. For example, boys forbidden to play with flowers because flowers symbolize a gentle, soft and it is female. Conversely, women are forbidden to wear pants, play ball, sword-merchants, and a game that promotes physical as the game belonged to the boys and when there are girls who keep playing, he will be dubbed the tomboyish girls. Another phenomenon that illustrates this difference in socialization is to start small girls are getting more protection when compared with boys. If there is a girl sitting disrespectful, then parents will quickly reprimand, but when there are boys that are less polite considered as an active child, even got a compliment. Socialization is applied is clearly not neutral because the flowers, colors, games, feelings, and behavior (morality), not created just for men or women only, and it applies to everyone. Socialization is considered a forerunner to the emergence of women's second class in the community.

CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION From the above description, it can be concluded that the expression of that language reflects the tendency of native speakers. In British society is patriarchal, it can be seen a pattern of discriminatory language against women. The emergence of language stereotypes against women is caused by factors of power and domination of men over women in various sectors. Another factor is the problem of social differences that similar, giving rise to a sub-culture sub-culture over the other when the two met and made possible the emergence of new problems. Socialization patterns that apply to each gender that not neutral, are also significant in shaping the differences. Departure of the factors above comes the existence of asymmetry, unmarked terms, narrowing and giving a negative meaning as the word in English. As a result, it becomes a language that is sexist. If the expression describing language speakers, then in fact there has been sexism in the daily life of British society.

Bibliography
Hornby, A.S. 1974. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English. London: Oxford University Press. Kridalaksana, Harimurti. 1985. Fungsi Bahasa dan Sikap Bahasa. Flores: Nusa Indah. Kuntjara, Esther. 2003. Gender, Bahasa, dan Kekuasaan. Jakarta: PT BPK Gunung Mulia Jakarta dan UK Petra Surabaya. Mose, Julia Cleves. 2004. Gender dan Pembangunan. Terj. Hartian Silawati. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Salim, Peter. 1988. Advanced English-Indonesian Dictionary. Jakarta: Modern English Press. Silal Arimi, Sosiolinguistik http://i -elisa.ugm.ac.id./inex.php?app=komunitas_home accessed on July 05, 2011. Sulis, Triyono. 2003. Satuan Lingual Penanda Gender, dalam Jurnal Humaniora, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya UGM Vol. XV, No. 3 th. 2003. Susiloningsih dan Agus M. Najib. 2004. Kesetaraan Gender di Perguruan Tinggi. Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Thomas, Lindan & Shan Wareing. 2006. Bahasa, Masyarakat dan Kekuasaan. Terj. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Wardhaugh, Ronald. 1986. An Intriduction to Lingusitics. New York: Basil, Blackwell.

ENCLOSURE

There are so many things that come from this paper work on the project about gender. Understanding of language use between men and women become a little more depth. A few new things also found during the manufacture of paper projects, even things that just turned out beyond my expectations. As a language student, I often only know the language without more detail see the structure and level of social division based on language and gender. However, understanding of language in everyday use of the more obvious through the differences that we often take for granted actually. As the process for critical thinking, of course I also look at language differences caused by gender differences is now a topic of discussion very interesting. Gender is not only connected with the social role of every human being, but also became one of the things that affect language development. From all the discussion above, now I can draw the conclusion that language and gender is complicated matters in a crowd of gender discourse as a realization of critical thinking. Understanding of language and gender requires intensity and extensity in reading and assessing the references to patriarchy. Language in the patriarchal culture often find legitimacy and codification in the system and educational institutions, politics, literature, or media. The condition is a question mark and exclamation mark for women when they want to do resistance in selfless emancipation and gender equality in language.