CONTINGENCY APPROACH
It is an extension of system approach. The main idea of contingency approach is that there cannot be a particular management action which will be suitable for all situations. Rather an appropriate action is one which is designed on the basis of external environment and internal states and needs.
FEATURES OF CONTINGENCY APPROACH
Management action is contingent on certain action outside the system or subsystem as case may be. Organisational action should be based on the behavior of action outside the system so that organisation should be integrated with environment. Because of specific organisation- environment relationship, no action can be universal. It varies from situation to situation.
LIMITATIONS OF CONTINGENCY APPROACH
1. Inadequate Literature: It suffers inadequately of literature. It has not adequately spelled out various types of actions which can be taken under different situations. 2. Complex: when put into practice this becomes very complex. There is a possibility that managers, who are always short of time may ignore the thorough analysis of these variables and may resort to shortcut.
3. Difficult Empirical Testing: The methodology for empirical testing is available but because of involvement of too many factors, testing becomes difficult. 4. Reactive not Proactive: It is reactive in nature. It merely suggests what managers can do in a given situation..