PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

BI 3:

MY PHT IN MT CHIU

PHN I: MC CH TH NGHIM

Sau khi hon tt bi th nghim, Anh (ch) c th gii thch v chng minh
cc c tnh vn hnh chnh ca ng c kch t c lp, ng c kch t song
song v ng c kch t hn hp.

PHN II: TM TT L THUYT

bi trc, mt ng c DC c th xem nh mt thit b bin i in ptc . S bin i tuyn tnh ny c o ngc, c ngha l tc c nh
c t ln ng c bi mt ngun sc ko bn ngoi, ng c sn sinh ra sc
in ng E0, do , vn hnh nh mt thit b chuyn i tc - in p, c
ngha l mt my pht DC. Hnh 3-1 minh ha ng c DC vn hnh nh my
pht DC.

Hnh: 3-1
Mi quan h tuyn tnh tn ti gia mmen v dng in b o ngc v
p dng cho my pht DC c ngha l mmen c t vo trc my pht nhn
c dng in u ra. Hnh 3-2 minh ha mt my pht DC vn hnh nh mt
thit b chuyn i mmen - dng in.

Hnh:3-2
Hnh 3-3 a trnh by th biu din mi quan h gia in p v tc
cat my pht DC kch t c lp. Hnh 3-3 b trnh by th biu din mi quan
h gia dng in pht ra v mmen t ln trc my pht ca my pht DC kch
GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

t c lp. Ch rng dc ca cc ng quan h ny bng nghch o ca

hng s K1 v K2.

OUTPUT
VOLTAGE E0
(V)

OUTPUT
CURRENT I0
(A)
SLOPE=1/ K1

SLOPE=1/ K2

SPEED n
r/min)

APPLIED TORQUE T
(N.m OR fbt.in)
r/min)

a)

b)
Hnh:3-3

Dng in kch t IF ca my pht DC kch t c lp c th c thay i

thay i t trng cc t Stator cng nh cc hng s K=1 v K2. Khi dng
in kch t gim, hng s K1 tng v hng s K2 gim. Kt qu l dc ca
ng quan h output voltage - speed gim trong khi dc ca ng quan h
output current - torque tng. Ngc li, khi dng in kch t tng, hng s K1
gim v hng s K2 tng, do , dc ca ng quan h output voltage - speed
tng trong khi dc ca ng quan h output current - torque gim. V vy,
in p pht ra EO ca my pht vn hnh tc c nh c th thay i bi vic
thay i dng kch t IF. Hnh 3-4 trnh by th biu din mi quan h gia in
p u ra EO v dng kch t IF khi IF thay i t zero n gi tr nh mc.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE E0
(V)

FIXED SPEED

FIXED CURRENT IF (A)

Hnh: 3- 4
Mch in thay th n gin ca my pht DC kch t c lp c cho
hnh 3-5. Tng t s thay th ca ng c DC, ngoi tr chiu dng in b
o ngc v sc phn in ECEMF tr thnh sc in ng EEMF, sc in ng
GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

cm ng sinh ra trn cun dy phn ng khi rotor quay ct cc ng cm ng t

ca t trng phn cm. Khi khng ti, dng in phn ng IO bng zero v in
p trn hai cc my pht EO bng vi sc in ng EEMF.

RA

I0

EEM
F

+ E0

E0 = EEMF -RA x I0

Hnh:3-5
Khi ng c vn hnh ch my pht vi tc khng i, in tr
phn ng gy ra st p trn cun dy rotor. in p trn hai cc my pht EO c
th c tnh t cng thc sau:
EO = EEMF - RAx IO
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(V)

E0

FIXED ROTATION
SPEED

OUTPUT CURRENT IF
(A)

Hnh:3-6
My pht DC kch t c lp rt linh hot trong s dng bi v c tnh ca
n c th thay i thng qua vic thay i dng kch t. Tuy nhin, my pht DC
kch t c lp cn phi c ngun mt chiu ring kch t cho cun dy phn
cm, chnh l im bt li ca n. Do , my pht DC vn hnh khng cn
ngun kch t ring c thit k v pht trin, my pht DC t kch t ra i.
my pht t kch t, cun dy kch t c ni song song vi cun dy
phn ng hoc ni tip vi cun dy phn ng, hoc tng hp c hai cch trn.
Cch cun dy kch t c lp t to ra cc c tnh khc nhau cho my pht.
S d my pht c kh nng t kch t l do t d tn ti trong cc cc t
stator. Khi phn ng quay, mt in p cm ng nh c sinh ra hai u cun
dy kch t v mt dng in kch t nh c to ra. Nu dng in ny chy
theo chiu hp l th t trng phn ng v t d cng chiu, dn n t trng
tng tng. Ngc li, t trng tng b kh, sc in ng cm ng bng khng.
GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

Trong trng hp ny, hon i v tr ca cun dy kch t so vi cun dy phn

ng.
Hnh 3-7 trnh by th biu din mi quan h in p - dng in ca cc
loi my pht DC. Nh chng ta bit, my pht kch t c lp v my pht
kch t song song c c tnh vn hnh gn ging nhau. S khc nhau duy nht l
in p trn hai u cc my pht kch t song song gim ln hn so vi my pht
kch t c lp khi dng in ti tng. Trong c hai trng hp, in p u ra
gim bi v in p ri trn in tr phn ng tng khi dng in ti tng. my
pht kch t song song, in p trn hai u cc gim khi dng in ti tng nn
dng in kch t gim dn n in p trn hai u cc cng gim.

Hnh:3-7
C th gi cho in p u ra khng i khi dng in ti thay i bng
cch thay i dng kch t. Cun dy kch t song song v cun dy kch t ni
tip ca my pht kch t hn hp c ni kt sao cho t thng cc t gia tng
khi dng in ti tng. Do in p u ra thay i rt t khi dng in ti tng.
Cch ni kt ny to nn my pht kch t hn hp cng.

GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

PHN III: TRNH T TH NGHIM

I. MY PHT IN MT CHIU KCH T C LP
1. Ci t ngun cung cp, ng c ko / lc k, my pht, ng c / my pht
mt chiu, v b giao tip thu thp d liu vo bn th nghim.
Ni c kh gia ng c v lc k.
2. Chc chn rng cng tc ngun cung cp c t v tr O (OFF), v nm
iu chnh in p vn ht mc ngc chiu kim ng h. Chc chn rng ngun
cung cp c ni vi ngun in 3 pha trn tng.
3. Chc chn rng dy cp t my tnh c ni vi DAI. Ni ngun 24 V - AC
vo Low Power Input ca Data Acquisition v Prime Mover/ Dynamometer.
4. Ni mch nh hnh 3-1. Ch khng c ti ni vo u ra my pht.

T
N

+
DC
GENERATOR
ARMATURE

PRIME
MOVER

E1

IF

I2

DC
GENERATOR
SHUNT
WINDING

8
7
DC
GENERATOR
RHEOSTAT

N
8

Hnh 3-8: My pht in 1 chiu kch t c lp ni vi ng c s cp

5. t cc thng s iu khin ng c s cp / lc k nh sau:
MODE switch .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. PRIME MOVER( PM )
DISPLAY switch .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. SPEED (N).
6. M mn hnh ng dng Metering. Chn file DCMOTOR1.dai.
7. Bt cng tt 24 VAC v v tr I(ON). M ngun cung cp. Chnh bin tr kch
t (FIELD RHEOSTAT) cho dng in kch t IF (I2) bng 190mA.
GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

8. Trn mn hnh Metering cho hin th cc ng h T, N, E1, I2. iu chnh t t

sao cho tc ca my pht tng t 0 n 1500 r/min. Mi bc 150 r/min, sau
mi bc ghi li d liu vo bng Data Table.
9. Khi tt c cc d liu c ghi xong, tt ngun v vn nm iu chnh in
p ht c v pha ngc chiu kim ng h.

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

10. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi lin h gia in p pht ra nh

l hm s ca tc . Trc Y l in p pht ra, trc X l tc my pht.

DC GENERATOR SPEED (rpm)

C phi quan h gia in p v tc l quan h ng thng, vi tc
cng cao th to ra in p cng ln?

Phi

Khng

11. Gn thm 9 in tr ni song song vo hai u ra my pht nh hnh

3-9.
IO

I1

1
+
DC GENERATOR
ARMATURE

E1

Hnh 3-9: My pht DC kch t c lp ni vi ng c s cp

(c ti in tr)
12. M ngun cung cp, iu chnh dng kch t IF (I2) = 190mA. iu chnh in
p t t sao cho tc my pht bng 1500 r/min. Trn mn hnh Metering cho
hin th cc ng h T, N, E1, I1, I2.
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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

13. Thay i gi tr in tr R tng bc t - 4400 - 2200 - 1100 - 629 440 - 314 - 259 . Sau mi bc iu chnh li in p ngun cung cp gi
nguyn tc ca my pht bng 1500r/min, sau ghi tt c s liu vo bng
Data Table.
14. Sau khi tt c s liu ghi xong. Tt ngun cung cp, vn nm iu chnh
in p ht c v pha ngc chiu kim ng h.

LOAD CURRENT(A)

15. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia dng in ti I1 v

mmen T t ln trc my pht. Trc Y l trc dng in, trc X l trc mmen T.

TORQUE APPLIED TO THE DC GENERATOR (Nm)

16. th chng t rng quan h gia I1 v T l quan h ng thng, vi mmen
T cung cp cng ln th sn sinh ra dng in cng cao phi khng?
Phi
Khng

OUTPUT VOLTAGE(V)

17. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia dng in ti I1 v

in p u ra E1. Trc X l trc dng in I1, trc Y l trc in p E1.

LOAD CURRENT (A)

18. Cho bit in p u ra my pht E1 thay i nh th no khi dng in ti I1

tng hoc gim.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
19. OFF tt c cc in tr. Vn nm iu chnh kch t v v tr MIN. M ngun
cung cp. iu chnh in p ngun cung cp my pht t tc 1500r/min.
GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

20. Thay i gi tr dng kch t t 150mA n 300mA, chia lm 5 bc mi bc

30mA, sau mi bc ghi s liu vo Data Table. Sau khi tt c s liu c ghi,
tt ngun cung cp, vn nm iu chnh in p v zero.

OUTPUT VOLTAGE(V)

21. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia dng in kch t
I2 v in p u ra E1. Trc X l trc dng in I2 , trc Y l trc in p E1.

EXCITING CURRENT (A)

22. Cho bit in p u ra my pht E1 thay i nh th no khi dng in kch t
IF tng hoc gim.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
23. Tt ngun cung cp, vn nt iu chnh in p ht c v pha ngc
chiu kim ng h. Tho ht cc dy dn v u ni.
II. MY PHT MT CHIU KCH T SONG SONG
24. Lp mch nh hnh 3-10.
IO
+

+
I2

T
N

PRIME
MOVER

DC GENERATOR
ARMATURE

I1

DC
GENERATOR
SHUNT
WINDING

+
E1

R1

DC
GENERATOR
RHEOSTAT

Hnh 3.3. Shunt generator coupled to a prime mover (with an electrical load)
GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

25. M ngun cung cp, iu chnh dng kch t IF (I2) = 190mA. iu chnh in
p t t sao cho tc my pht bng 1500 r/min. Trn mn hnh Metering cho
hin th cc ng h T, N, E1, I1, I2.
26. Thay i gi tr in tr tng bc t - 4400 - 2200 - 1100 - 629 440 - 314 - 259 - 210. Sau mi bc iu chnh li in p ngun cung cp
gi nguyn tc ca my pht bng 1500r/min, sau ghi tt c s liu vo
bng Data Table.
27. Sau khi tt c s liu ghi xong. Tt ngun cung cp, vn nm iu chnh
in p ht c v pha ngc chiu kim ng h.

LOAD CURRENT(A)

28. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia dng in ti I1 v

mmen T t ln trc my pht. Trc Y l trc dng in I1, trc X l trc mmen
T.

TORQUE APPLIED TO THE DC GENERATOR (Nm)

29. th chng t rng quan h gia I1 v T l quan h ng thng, vi mmen
T cung cp cng ln th sn sinh ra dng in cng cao phi khng?
Phi
Khng

OUTPUT VOLTAGE(V)

30. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia dng in ti I1 v

in p u ra E1. Trc X l trc dng in I1, trc Y l trc in p E1.

LOAD CURRENT(A)
31. Cho bit in p u ra my pht E1 thay i nh th no khi dng in ti I1
tng hoc gim.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

III. MY PHT IN KCH T HN HP

A. KCH T HN HP CNG
B.
32. Lp mch nh hnh 3-4
SERIES
WINDING

IO
+

I1

I2

T
PRIME
MOVER

+
4

DC GENERATOR
ARMATURE

DC
GENERATOR
SHUNT
WINDING

+
E1

DC
GENERATOR
RHEOSTAT

Hnh 3.4. Cumulative compound generator couple to a prime mover

33. M ngun cung cp, iu chnh dng kch t IF (I2) = 190mA. iu chnh in
p t t sao cho tc my pht bng 1500 r/min. Trn mn hnh Metering cho
hin th cc ng h T, N, E1, I1, I2.
34. Thay i gi tr in tr tng bc t - 4400 - 2200 - 1100 -629 440 - 314 - 259 - 210. Sau mi bc iu chnh li in p ngun cung cp
gi nguyn tc ca my pht bng 1500r/min, sau ghi tt c s liu vo
bng Data Table.
35. Sau khi tt c s liu ghi xong. Tt ngun cung cp, vn nm iu chnh
in p ht c v pha ngc chiu kim ng h.

OUTPUT VOLTAGE(V)

36. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia dng in ti I1 v

in p u ra E1. Trc X l trc dng in I1, trc Y l trc in p E1.

LOAD CURRENT(A)
GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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R1

PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

37. Cho bit in p u ra my pht E1 thay i nh th no khi dng in ti I1

tng hoc gim.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
B. KCH T HN HP TR
38. Lp mch nh hnh 3-5.

SERIES
WINDING

IO
+

DC GENERATOR
ARMATURE

I1

I2

T
PRIME
MOVER

DC
GENERATOR
SHUNT
WINDING

+
E1

R1

DC
GENERATOR
RHEOSTAT

Hnh 3.5. Differential compound coupled to a prime mover

39. M ngun cung cp, iu chnh dng kch t IF (I2) = 190mA. iu chnh in
p t t sao cho tc my pht bng 1500 r/min. Trn mn hnh Metering cho
hin th cc ng h T, N, E1, I1, I2.
40. Thay i gi tr in tr tng bc t - 4400 - 2200 - 1100 - 629440 - 314 - 259 - 210. Sau mi bc iu chnh li in p ngun cung cp
gi nguyn tc ca my pht bng 1500r/min, sau ghi tt c s liu vo
bng Data Table.
41. Sau khi tt c s liu ghi xong. Tt ngun cung cp, vn nm iu chnh
in p ht c v pha ngc chiu kim ng h.
42. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia dng in ti I1 v
mmen T t ln trc my pht. Trc Y l trc dng in, trc X l trc mmen T.
43. th chng t rng quan h gia I1 v T l quan h ng thng, vi mmen
T cung cp cng ln th sn sinh ra dng in cng cao phi khng?
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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

OUTPUT VOLTAGE(V)

Phi

Khng
44. Trn mn hnh Graph, v th biu din mi quan h gia dng in ti I1 v
in p u ra E1. Trc X l trc dng in I1, trc Y l trc in p E1.

LOAD CURRENT(A)
45. Cho bit in p u ra my pht E1 thay i nh th no khi dng in ti I1
tng hoc gim.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................

OUTPUT VOLTAGE(V)

46. Tng hp tt c cc ng c tnh din t mi quan h gia dng in ti v

in p trn hai u cc my pht trong c 3 trng hp kch t khc nhau (4
ng c tnh).

LOAD CURRENT(A)
47. Cho bit s ging nhau v khc nhau gia cc ng c tnh?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................

PHN IV: KT LUN

In this exercise, you plotted graphs of the main operating characteristics of

a separately-excited dc generator. You observed that the output voltage increases
linearly with speed. You also observed that the output current increases linearly
with the input torque. You found that the slope of the output voltage versus speed
GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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PHNG TH NGHIM K THUT IN

characteristic is equal to the reciprocal of constant K1, and that the slope of the
output current versus torque characteristic is equal to the reciprocal of the constant
K2. You saw that constants K1 and K2 can be changed by changing the field
current and this allows the output voltage to be changed. You observed that the
output voltage decreases as the output current increases.
You plotted graphs of the voltage versus current characteristics for shunt,
cumulative compound, and differential compound generators. You compared the
various voltage versus current characteristics obtained in the exercise. You
observed that the output voltage of the shunt generator decreases more rapidly
than that of the separately-excited dc generator when the output current increases.
You found that the output voltage of a cumulative compound generator varies
little as the output current varies. Finally, you saw that the output voltage of a
differential compound generator decreases more rapidly than that of the
separately- excited and shunt generators when the output current increases.

GIO TRNH THC TP K THUT IN 2

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