Lecture 01

1
Signal & Systems - Tran Quang Viet FEEE, HCMUT Semester: 02/10-11
404001 - Tn hiu v h thng
CBGD: Trn Quang Vit
WLin h : B mn CSKT P.104 nh B3
Email : tqviethcmut@gmail.com ; tqviet@hcmut.edu.vn
Ti liu tham kho
[1] B. P. Lathi, Signal Processing and Linear Systems,
Berkeley-Cambridge Press, 1998.
[2] A. V. Oppenheim, Signals and Systems, Prentice-Hall, 1983.
[3] Phm Th C, L Thuyt Tn Hiu, Nh xut bn i Hc
Quc Gia TP. H Ch Minh, 2005.
nh gi:
OBi tp (Quiz, In-Class) : 20%
- Quiz (15-30 pht): chim 80%; 5 bichn 4 maxTB
- In-Class : chim 20% ; gi ln bng TB
OKim tra gia k (Mid) : 20%
OThi cui k : 60%
2
Chng 1. C bn v tn hiu v h thng
Chng 2. Phn tch HT tuyn tnh bt bin (LTI) trong min thi gian
Chng 3. Biu din tn hiu tun hon dng chui Fourier
Chng 4. Biu din tn hiu dng bin i Fourier
Chng 5. Ly mu
Chng 6. Biu din tn hiu dng bin i Laplace
Chng 7. p ng tn s v b lc tng t
Ch-1: C bn v tn hiu v h thng
Lecture-1
1.1. C bn v tn hiu
3
1.1. C bn v tn hiu
1.1.1. Tn hiu v v d v tn hiu
1.1.2. Phn loi tn hiu
1.1.3. Nng lng v cng sut tn hiu
1.1.4. Cc php bin i thi gian
1.1.5. Cc dng tn hiu thng dng
Q nh ngha:
Tn hiu l hm ca mt hoc nhiu bin c lp (thi gian, khng
gian,) mang thng tin v hnh vi hoc bn cht ca cc hin
tng (vt l, kinh t, x hi,)
Q Tn hiu l hm theo 1 bin thi gian
V d 1: tn hiu in p u
c
(t) v dng in i(t) trong mch RC
c
-t/RC
0; t<0
u (t)=
E(1-e ); t 0
-t/RC
0; t<0
i(t)=
(E/R)e ; t 0

4
V d 2: Tn hiu thoi ghi li di dng in p u(t)
V d 3: Tn hiu in tim ghi li di dng in p u(t)
5
V d 4: The weekly Down-Jones stock market index
Q Tn hiu l hm nhiu bin:
nh tnh nh ng
f(x,y)
f(x,y,t)
6
Q C nhiu tiu ch phn loi tn hiu:
Tn hiu lin tc
Tn hiu tng t
Tn hiu khng tun hon
Tn hiu nng lng
Tn hiu xc nh
Tn hiu nhn qu
Tn hiu ri rc
Tn hiu s
Tn hiu tun hon
Tn hiu cng sut
Tn hiu ngu nhin
Tn hiu khng nhn qu
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q Trong , cch phn loi tn hiu lin tc v tn hiu ri rc l
thng dng nht (trong mn hc ny ta ch kho st tn hiu
lin tc)
Tn hiu thc - Tn hiu phc
Q V d:
(b) (a)
(c)
(d)
f(t)
t
Continuous-time
vs
discrete-time
Analog
vs
digital
time
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
7
Q Xt tn hiu in p u(t) trn in tr R:
Cng sut tc thi trn R: p(t)=u(t)i(t)=(1/R)u
2
(t)
Nng lng tn hao trong khong thi gian [t
1
t
2
]:
2 2
1 1
t t
2
t t
1
p(t)dt u (t)dt
R
=

Cng sut tn hao trung bnh trong khong thi gian [t
1
t
2
]:
2 2
1 1
t t
2
t t
2 1 2 1
1 1 1
p(t)dt u (t)dt
t t t t R
=

Q Nu R=1 nng lng & cng sut thc t c xem l nng
lng v cng sut ca tn hiu in p u(t)
Nng lng tn hiu trong khong [t
1
t
2
]:
2
1
t
2
u
t
E u (t)dt =
Cng sut tn hiu khong thi gian [t

1
t
2
]:
2
1
t
2
u
t
2 1
1
P u (t)dt
t t
=

Q Nh vy nng lng tn hiu v cng sut tn hiu khng phi l
nng lng v cng sut v mt vt l (c nhng tn hiu khng
phi l tn hiu vt l) m ch n thun l thng s nh gi
ln ca tn hiu.
Q Trn thc t xc nh ln tn hiu ta thng xem tng qut
l tn hiu phc tn ti trn ton thang thi gian. Khi nng
lng v cng sut tn hiu c vit li dng tng qut nh sau:
2
f
E |f(t)| dt
T/2
2
f
-T/2
T
1
P |f(t)| dt
T
lim
| |
=
|
\
Nng lng:
Cng sut:
8
Q V d:
0
-t
f
-1 0
E = 4dt+ 4e 8
=

f
f
T
E
P =lim 0
T
=
Tn hiu
nng lng
2
f
-
E = |f(t)| dt
Tn hiu
cng sut 1 1
2 2
f
-1 -1
1 1 1
P = |f(t)| dt= t dt=
2 2 3

1.1.4. Cc php bin i thi gian
a) Php dch thi gian
b) Php o thi gian
c) Php t l thi gian
d) Kt hp cc php bin i
9
a) Php dch thi gian
f(t) (t)=f(t T)
QT>0 dch sang phi (delay)
QT<0 dch sang tri (advance)
t
f(t-2)
1
0
1
e
-(t-2)
QV d 1:
QV d 2: tn hiu tun hon
f(t) l tun hon nu vi T>0 f(t) = f(t+T) vi mi t
Gi tr nh nht ca T c gi l chu k ca f(t)
f(t) l tn hiu khng tun hon nu khng tn ti gi tr ca T
tha tnh cht trn
t
f(t)
a) Php dch thi gian
10
b) Php o thi gian
f(t) (t)=f( t)
Qi xng f(t) qua trc tung
QV d 1:
QV d 2: Tn hiu chn v l
Hm chn: f
e
(-t)=f
e
(t); i xng qua trc tung
Hm l: f
o
(-t)=-f
o
(t); i xng ngc qua trc tung
QPhn tch tn hiu thnh thnh phn chn v l
e o
f(t)=f (t)+f (t)
e
1
f (t)= [f(t)+f(-t)]
2
o
1
f (t)= [f(t)-f(-t)]
2
Thnh phn chn
Thnh phn l
b) Php o thi gian
11
QV d 3:
-at
0; t<0
f(t)= (a>0)
e ; t 0
e o
=f (t)+f (t)
Vi:
=
+
at
1
2
e
-at
1
2
e ; t<0
f (t)=
e ; t>0
at
1
2
o
-at
1
2
e ; t<0
f (t)=
e ; t>0
b) Php o thi gian

c) Php t l thi gian
f(t) (t)=f(at); a>0
Qa>1 : co thi gian bi mt h s l a
Q0<a<1 : dn thi gian bi h s 1/a
QV d:
12
f(t) (t)=f(at b);a 0
QTrng hp a>0:
Phng php 1:
Bc 1: Php dch thi gian g(t)=f(t-b)
Bc 2: Php t l (t)=g(at)
V d: (t)=f(2t+1)
Bc 1 Bc 2
QTrng hp a>0:
Phng php 2:
Bc 1: Php t l g(t)=f(at)
Bc 2: Php dch thi gian (t)=g(t-b/a)
V d: (t)=f(2t+1)
Bc 1 Bc 2
13
QTrng hp a<0:
Bc 1: Xc nh g(t)=f(|a|t-b)
Bc 2: Dng php o thi gian (t)=g(-t)
V d: (t)=f(-2t+1)
Bc 1
Bc 2
1.1.5. Cc tn hiu thng dng
a) Hm bc n v u(t)
b) Xung n v (t)
c) Hm m
14
a) Hm bc n v u(t)
1; t>0
u(t)=
0; t<0
Q u(t) thng dng trong vic m t mt tn hiu vi nhiu m t khc

nhau trong cc khong thi gian khc nhau
Q V d 1:
1; 2<t<4
f(t)=
0; t<2 or t>4
f(t)=u(t 2) u(t 4)
-
=
a) Hm bc n v u(t)
Q V d 2:
t; 0<t<2
f(t)= 2(t 3); 2<t<3
0; t<0 or t>3
f(t)=t[u(t) u(t 2)] 2(t 3)[u(t 2) u(t 3)]

Q V d 3:
f(t)=(t 1)[u(t 1) u(t 2)]+[u(t 2) u(t 4)]
f(t)=(t 1)u(t 1) (t 2)u(t 2) u(t 4)
15
b) Xung n v (t)
Qnh ngha :
( ) 0; 0 t t =
( ) 1 t dt
0
QTnh cht 1: Nu f(t) lin tc ti t
0
th:
0 0 0
f(t)(t t )=f(t )(t t )
2
2
+1 1
( 1)= ( 1)
+9 5

V d:
b) Xung n v (t)
QTnh cht 2:
0 0
f(t)(t t )dt f(t )
V d:
2
sin ( 2) sin 1
4 4
t
t t
t dt

=
| | | |
= =
| |
\ \
QTnh cht 3:
du(t)
(t)=
dt
( )d u(t)
t

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) '( )
du t
f t dt u t f t u t f t dt
dt

=

0
( ) '( ) f f t dt
=
0
( ) ( ) (0) f f t f
= =
( ) ( ) f t t dt
16
c) Hm m
Qs=+j : Tn s phc
st t
e =e (cost+jsint)
s*t t
e =e (cost-jsint)
QV d:
st t st s*t
1
Re{e }=e cost= (e +e )
2
t
0 =
0 < 0 >
) 0 b =
) 0 a =
c) Hm m
) 0; 0 c < ) 0; 0 d >
j
LHP
RHP
a b
c d
V tr ca bin phc s=+j trong cc v d a, b, c, v d
17
Bi tp
Bi 1: Tnh nng lng ca cc tn hiu nh hnh 1
hnh 1
Bi 2: Hy v cc hm f(-2t), f(2t+1), f(-2t-3), sau vit hm m t
ca chng; vi f(t) c cho nh hnh v di y

Lecture 01

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1.1.1. Tn hiu v v d v tn hiu

Cng sut tn hiu khong thi gian [t

b) Php o thi gian

Q u(t) thng dng trong vic m t mt tn hiu vi nhiu m t khc

f(t)=t[u(t) u(t 2)] 2(t 3)[u(t 2) u(t 3)]

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