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This document defines a proposed enterprise structure and master data for the University within the R/3 system. The organization structure is established to encapsulate and model the Financial, Human Resources and Logistics data within the R/3 system. The proposed enterprise structure was modeled after reviewing University financial reports, legacy system documentation, and best practices in Higher Education as well as discussions with team members. It will be refined through a series of meetings to discuss the business goals, organizational structure, and the high-level business processes to be included in the University of Tennessees SAP R/3 system.
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Enterprise Structure
The Enterprise Structure in R/3 refers to the organizational structure of the Institution. The organizational elements in this structure allow encapsulation of configuration settings and data in each module. For example, the company code organizational element encapsulates the financial accounting settings and data in the financial accounting module for an enterprise. Each element in the R/3 enterprise structure is defined below. The R/3 module in which each organizational element appears is given in parentheses next to its name. The proposed University of Tennessee organizational elements are given under each organizational element. Client (Cross Application) A client in R/3 is a technical entity containing configuration, master data and transactions for an organization. For example the organization may designate Client 100 in the production system PRD as the client in which data may be entered. Other clients may be used for development, testing and training. Proposal: The University will have only one production client in the productive system Client 100. Company Code (Financial Accounting - FI) The Company Code is the smallest organizational unit for which a complete self-contained set of accounts can be drawn up for purposes of external reporting. Proposal: The University will use only one Company Code - UT. Business Area (Financial Accounting - FI) Business areas are units, within an institution, for which a balance sheet and income statement can be produced. In higher education, business areas are typically used to represent fund groups such as Current Unrestricted, Current Restricted, etc. for which balance sheets and income statements are required. In addition to balance sheets by fund groups, the University of Tennessee requires a separate internal balance sheet and income statement for each budget entity such as Knoxville, Martin, Chattanooga, etc. Proposal: The University will have business areas which represent a unique combination of Fund Group and Budget Entity. All existing fund groups and budget entities will be set up as business areas. For asset and liability entries, these business areas will be entered by users. For revenue and expenditure entries, these business areas will be automatically defaulted from cost centers and WBS Elements. The following is a sample partial list of business areas identified:
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Fund Group 11 Current Unrestricted Educational and General Funds 13 Current Unrestricted Auxiliary Funds 21 Current Restricted Educational and General Funds 23 Current Restricted Auxiliary Funds 30 Endowment Funds 40 Life Income Funds 45 Annuity Funds 51 Unexpended Plant Fund 52 Plant Funds for Retirement of Indebtedness 53 Plant Funds for Renewal and Replacement 54 Invested in Plant Funds 60 Loan Funds 90 Agency Funds 11 Current Unrestricted Educational and General Funds 16 Current Unrestricted Hospital Funds 26 Current Restricted Hospital Funds
Budget Entity 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 01 Knoxville 02 Space Institute 04 - Chattanooga 04 Chattanooga
Business Area 1101 1301 2101 2301 3001 4001 4501 5101 5201 5301 5401 6001 9001 1102 1604 2604
Functional Area (Financial Accounting - FI) The Functional Area is an organizational unit in Accounting that classifies the expenditures of an organization by function. Proposal: The University will use functional areas to enable reporting by function. These functional areas will be defaulted from cost centers and WBS Elements. The following is a sample list of functional areas: Function Code 01 Instruction 02 Research 03 Public Service 04 Academic Support 05 Student Services 06 Institutional Support 07 Operation and Maintenance of Physical Plant 08 Scholarships and Fellowships 09 Auxiliary Enterprises 10 Hospitals 11 Staff Benefits 12 Other Expenditures 13 Service Centers Figure 1 shows the financial accounting structures. Functional Area 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130
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C lie n t
Figure 1 Controlling Area (Controlling - CO) A Controlling Area in R/3 is the organizational unit within an institution, used to represent a closed system for cost accounting purposes. A controlling area may include one or more company codes which must use the same operative chart of accounts as the controlling area. Proposal: The University of Tennessee will use only one Controlling Area UT. Company Code UT will be assigned to Controlling Area UT. Funds Management Area (Funds Management - FM) A Funds Management Area in R/3 is the organizational unit within an institution, used to represent a closed system for funds management and budgeting. A Funds Management Area may include one or more company codes and one or more controlling areas. Proposal: The University of Tennessee will use only one Funds Management Area UT. Company Code UT and Controlling Area UT will be assigned to Funds Management Area UT. Figure 2 shows the relationship between the Company Code, the Controlling Area and the Funds Management Area.
C om pany C ode UT
C o n tro llin g A r e a UT
Figure 2
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Master Data
Master data structures in R/3 represent data relating to individual objects, which remain unchanged over an extended period of time. This allows such data to be created once and used many times. Master data is also used to validate and classify transaction data for reporting.
C h a rt o f A c c ts U T
A s s e ts L ia b ilitie s
C om pany C ode UT
Figure 3
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Proposal: At the University of Tennessee several different existing codes will be mapped to R/3 General Ledger Accounts. Existing Code 1. Assets AXXXXXXXX (e.g. A17010001 Cash on Hand Treasurer) 2. Liabilities AXXXXXXXX (e.g. A01560005 A/P Knoxville) 3. Type of Fund Balance or Reserve (e.g. 99 Balance or 84 Reserve for Encumbrances) 4. Expenditure Object Codes (e.g. 391 Operating Supplies) 5. Ledger Activity Codes for Expenditures and Transfers Out (e.g. 050 Charges for Routine Expense) 6. Major and Minor Sources of Funds (e.g. 0101 Tuition and Fees Resident Enrollment) 7. Ledger activity codes for Income and Transfers In (e.g. 001 Endowment Income UT Endowments) 8. Income activity codes XX (e.g. 01 Rent) Revenue Accounts 700000 through 799999 (e.g. 701010 Tuition and Fees Resident Enrollment) Type of R/3 Account Asset Account Proposed Number Range 100000 through 199999 (e.g. 101001 Cash on Hand + Business Area 1117) 200000 through 299999 (e.g. 256005 Accounts Payable + Business Area 1101) 300000 through 399999 (e.g. 399000 Unreserved Fund Balance or 384000 Fund Balance Reserved for Encumbrances) 400000 through 499999 (e.g. 439100 Operating Supplies)
Liability Account
Expenditure Account
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C om pany C ode U T
C o s t C e n te r E011024001
P ro fit C e n te r L 0 1 1 0 0 2 4 0 1 C h e m is tr y
Fund E011024001
B u s in e s s A re a C u r U n r e s t E & G K n o x v ille
F u n d C e n te r U 0 1 1 0 0 2 4 0 1 C h e m is tr y
Figure 4 Work Breakdown Structure Element (WBS Element) and WBS Element Group A WBS element is an element in a project work breakdown structure (WBS) and is used as a revenue and cost collector for activities with discrete start and end dates. At least one WBS element must exist in a project. A WBS element can be linked to a company code, a business area, a functional area (through substitution), a fund, a fund center and a profit center allowing all these codes to be defaulted when a user enters a WBS Element in a document. Costs and revenues posted to a WBS Element can be automatically posted to the company code, business area, fund, fund center and profit center linked to the WBS Element. Additionally, collected costs may be billed or automatically transferred to cost centers or GL Accounts periodically. There is no standard hierarchy required for WBS elements. WBS Elements can be grouped together into WBS Element Groups for reporting. Proposal: The University will use WBS Elements to collect revenues and costs associated with costreimbursable grants, and all other funds other than current unrestricted funds. Thus WBS elements will be used to collect revenues and costs for current restricted funds, endowment, annuity and life income funds, plant funds, loan funds and agency funds. For example a balance account for restricted funds (B Account) with a nine-digit number, will be represented by a WBS Element with a nine-digit number. The nine-digit number will be created by replacing the fourth and fifth digit with two zeros. E.g. Account B01991024 will be represented by WBS Element B01001024. An expenditure account for restricted funds (R Account) with a nine-digit number will be represented by a WBS Element with a ten-digit number. The ten-digit number will be created by adding a zero in the eighth position. E.g. Account R01102410 will become WBS Element R011024010. Related B and R accounts as in the above case will appear in the same project structure. Figure 5 shows the relationships between a WBS Element and other master data and organizational elements.
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C om pany C ode U T
F u n c tio n a l A re a R e s e a rc h
W B S E le m e n t B01001024
P ro fit C e n te r L 0 1 1 0 0 2 4 0 1 C h e m is tr y
W B S E le m e n t R 011024010
Fund B01001024
Figure 5
F u n d C e n te r U 0 1 1 0 0 2 4 0 1 C h e m is tr y
Profit Center and Profit Center Hierarchy A Profit Center is an organizational unit in R/3, within which costs and revenue can be analyzed. Costs and revenues posted to cost centers and WBS Elements can be automatically posted to profit centers. A standard profit center hierarchy is required and is used by drill-down reports, and multiple alternative profit center hierarchies can be created to be used by drill-down reports. Proposal: The University will use Profit Centers to represent its reporting organization units in R/3 so that reports can be created across cost centers and WBS element by organizational unit. The profit center number will be based on the department number. For example, department 011002401 will be mapped to profit center L011002401. The standard profit center hierarchy will be used to represent the reporting organizational groupings to show Budget Entity >College or Division > Department.
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Figure 6 shows the relationship between GL accounts, cost elements and commitment items:
A s s e ts C o m m itm t Ite m L ia b ilitie s C o m m itm t Ite m F u n d B a la n c e C o m m itm t Ite m Revenues C o m m itm t Ite m P r im a r y C o s t C o m m itm t Ite m S e c o n d a ry C o s t C o m m itm t Ite m
A fund represents the lowest level of funding requiring a budget. The fund master includes an application of fund and one or more sources of funds. Budget rules can be specified separately for each fund. Proposal: The University will use Funds for storing the budgets and actuals for all its accounts. Only one application of fund will be created for the Current Unrestricted fund group but individual Sources of funds will be created to represent each account. The current unrestricted sources of funds will have the same numbers as the cost centers representing such accounts (seven-digit or ten-digit number). For all other fund groups an application of fund and a source of funds will be created for each account. These sources and applications of funds will have the same number as the WBS Element representing such accounts (ten-digit number). Attributes such as the Vice-Chancellor and Dean/Department codes will be entered into user defined fields on the fund master. Funds Center and Funds Center Hierarchy A fund center is the organizational unit responsible for preparing and monitoring the budget for one or more funds. Fund centers are organized into a hierarchy along which the budget flows. Since the budget flows along the fund center hierarchy, no alternative hierarchies are allowed. Proposal: The University will create fund centers based on the reporting organization hierarchy of Budget Entity> College or Division> Department. The fund center number will be based on the department number. For example, department 011002401 will be mapped to fund center U011002401.
Title:
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