Ch

ng V :

O HM

Ti t 63:
a) Bi

nh ngh a v ngh a c a
b) Bi

o hm

I. O HM T I M T I M 1. Cc bi ton dn n k/n o hm ton tm vn tc tc thi:

O s(to) s(t)

ton tm c-ng tc

Mt cht im M c/ trn trc sOs

thi:

thi gian t : s(t) Hy tm mt i l-ng c tr-ng cho mc nhanh chm ca c/ ti thi im to.

s Qung -ng s ca c/ l mt h/s ca

in l-ng Q truyn trong dy dn l mt h/s ca t/gian t: Q = Q(t). Hy tm c-ng tc thi ca dng in ti thi im to.

Ti t 63:
a) Bi

nh ngh a v ngh a c a
Gi i:

o hm

I. O HM T I M T I M 1. Cc bi ton dn n k/n o hm ton tm vn tc tc thi:

- Trong kho ng t/g to n t, cht im i -c qung -ng: s so = s(t) s(to)
+ Nu cht im chuyn ng  so u sth: ! s (t )  s (t o )
t  to t  to

a) Mt cht im M c/ trn trc sOs

s O s(to) s(t) s Qung -ng s ca c/ l mt h/s ca thi gian t : s(t) Hy tm mt i l-ng c tr-ng cho mc nhanh chm ca c/ ti thi im to.

l hng s vi t. y l vn tc ca c/ ti mi thi im + Nu cht im chuyn ng khng u so : s (t )  s (t o ) s th

t  to
!

NX:

Gii hn hu hn (nu c)
lim
t p t
o

s (t )  s (t t  to

t  to

-c gi l vn tc tc thi ca c/ ti t/ to l i l-ng c tr-ng cho mc nhanh chm ca c/ ti t/ to

l vn tc trung bnh (vtb) ca c/ trong kho ng t/g t - to Khi t cng gn to tc l - to t cng nh th vtb cng th hin -c chnh xc hn mc nhanh chm ca c/ ti thi

Ti t 63:
a) Bi

nh ngh a v ngh a c a
b) Bi

o hm

I. O HM T I M T I M 1. Cc bi ton dn n k/n o hm ton tm vn tc tc thi: ton tm c-ng tc thi:

Mt cht im M c/ trn trc sOs

s O s(to) s(t) s Qung -ng s ca c/ l mt h/s ca thi gian t : s(t) Hy tm mt i l-ng c tr-ng cho mc nhanh chm ca c/ ti thi im to.

in l-ng Q truyn trong dy dn l mt h/s ca t/gian t: Q = Q(t). Hy tm c-ng tc thi ca dng in ti thi im to.
Gi i: C-ng ttrung bnh ca dng l in trong kho ng t/g t - to Q(t )  Q(to )

NX:

Gii hn hu hn (nu c)
lim
t p t
o

Itb !

s (t )  s (t t  to

-c gi l vn tc tc thi ca c/ ti t/ to l i l-ng c tr-ng cho mc nhanh chm ca c/ ti t/ to

Nu t - to cng nh thi t s trn cng biu th cx hn c-ng dng in ti t/ to Gii hn hu hn (nu c)

t  to

s (t )  s (t o ) lim t pt o t  to

-c gi l c-ng tc thi ca d/ tai t/ to

Ti t 63:

nh ngh a v ngh a c a

o hm

NX: T hai bi ton V n t c t c th i

s (t )  s (t 0 ) v (t ) ! lim t pt0 t  t0

C ng th i

dng i n t c

(t )  (t0 ) I (t ) ! lim t p t0 t  t0

f ( x)  f ( x0 ) lim x p x0 x  x0
gii hn trn dn ti mt khi nim quan trng trong ton hc. l k/n o hm

Ti t 63:
2/
a)

nh ngh a v ngh a c a

o hm

o hm c a hm s t i m t i m :
nh ngh a : SGK/148

Ch :

f (x)  f (x 0 ) f '(x 0 ) ! lim xpx0 x  x0

(1)

c a hm s

t (x = x x0 (s gia c a bi n s t i i m x0) (y = f(x) f(x0) = f(x0 + (x) f(x0) (s gia t ng ng

ng v i s gia (x t i i m x0)

(y Hay f '(x0 ) ! lim (xp0 (x

(2)

Ti t 63:
2/

nh ngh a v ngh a c a

o hm

o hm c a hm s t i m t i m :
 V d : Tnh s gia c a hm s y = x2 ng v i s gia (x c a bi n s t i i m x0 = - 2 Gi i : t f(x) = x2 (y = f(x0 + (x) f(x0) = f(-2 + (x) f(-2) = (-2 + (x)2 (-2)2 = (x((x 4)

Ti t 63:
2/

nh ngh a v ngh a c a
o hm c a hm s t i m t i m : o hm theo nh ngh a

o hm

o hm c a hm s t i m t i m :
m

a/ Khi ni

b/ Quy t c tnh

Hay

(x 0 ) ! lim

 Quy t c : s gia c s .  B c 1 : Gi s (x l D a vo a nhinght ai xoo Tnh (y theo cng th c: (y = f(xhm c ahm )s t i m t 0 + (x) f(x0 i m x0 ? (y  B c 2 :Tm t s
(x

(y ( x p 0 (x

( )

B

c 3 :Tm gi i h n

(y lim (xp 0 ( x

Quy tc tnh o hm trn cn -c gi l Quy tc 3 b-c

Ti t 63:
2/

nh ngh a v ngh a c a

o hm

o hm c a hm s t i m t i m : a/ Khi ni m o hm c a hm s t i m t i m : b/ Quy t c tnh o hm theo nh ngh a :

 Quy t c :
Bc 1: Gia(x s la so gia cua oi so (y ! 0f, x0  (x  f x0 . tai x Tnh:

(y Bc 2: Lap t so (x
Bc 3: Tm lim
(y (x p 0 ( x

 V d : Tnh o hm c a hm s y = x2 3x t i i m x0 = 5.  Nh n xt : N u hm s y = f(x) c o hm t i i m x0 th f(x) lin t c t i i m x0.

Ti t 63:
2/

nh ngh a v ngh a c a

o hm

o hm c a hm s t i m t i m : a/ Khi ni m o hm c a hm s t i m t i m : b/ Quy t c tnh o hm theo nh ngh a :

 V d : Tnh
t f(x) = x2 3x

o hm c a hm s y = x2 3x t i i m x0 = 5. Gi i :

(y = f(x0 + (x) f(x0) = f(5 + (x) f(5) = (5 + (x)2 3(5 + (x) 10 = (x((x + 7) (y (x( (x  7) lim ! lim ! lim ( (x  7) ! 7 ( x p 0 (x (x p 0 (x p 0 (x V y f(5) = 7

Ti t 63:
2/

nh ngh a v ngh a c a

o hm

o hm c a hm s t i m t i m : a/ Khi ni m o hm c a hm s t i m t i m : b/ Quy t c tnh o hm theo nh ngh a :

N u hm s y = f(x) c o hm t i i m x0 th f(x) lin t c t i i m x0 hay khng ?

Ti t 63:

nh ngh a v ngh a c a

o hm

3/ Quan h gi a s t n t i c a o hm v tnh lin t c c a hm s a) nh l: N u hm s y = f(x) c o hm t i x0 th n lin t c t i x0 . b) Ch :

-M t hm s gin o n t i x0 th khng c -M t hm s lin t c t i x0 c th khng c o hm t i i m . o hm t i i m .

C ng c - Bi t p v nh
Cu h i tr c nghi m
Cu 1 : S gia c a hm s y = x2 1 t i i m x0 = 1 ng v i s gia (x = - 0,1 l : D. 11,1 Cu 2: S gia c a hm s : y = x2 + 2 t i i m x0 = 2 ng v i s gia l: D C B A D. 2 . Cu 3 : o hm c a hm s y = x2 + 2x t i i m x0 = -3 l : 1 9 5 0 1 3 0 , , 0 2 9 1 D. - 4

C ng c - Bi t p v nh
* N i dung:

1)Hi u r

nh ngh a

o hm t i m t i m. o hm b ng nh ngh a. o hm v

2) N m v ng quy t c tnh

3) Bi t nh l v s t n t i c a tnh lin t c c a hm s .

* Bi t p v nh: 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK trang 156)

Bi t p :

x 2 khi x e 0  Cho hm s f ( x) ! x khi x " 0

a) Ch ng minh hm s lin t c t xi ! 0 0 b) Hm s c o hm t i x0 ! 0 hay khng ? T i sao ?