SAP Overview

SAP?
Company ERP Software package
R/2 R/3

Why ERP
Integration Best business practices Standardization

Why not ERP?

Complexity Cost Inflexibility

SAP R/3 System Business Modules

Logistical

Sales & Distribution

Financial Accounting

Financial

Materials Mgmt.

Controlling

Production Planning

R/3
Quality Mgmt. Plant Maintenance

Fixed Assets Mgmt.

Client / Server ABAP/4

Workflow

Project System

Human Resources

Industry Solutions

R/3 System: Hardware/Software Views

Typical Client Server Architectures

resent tion Appli tion Database

Centr l

tem

i tri

Two - tier ted tem Two - tier Client/ er er Three - tier Client/ er er lti-l er Cooper ti e Client/ er er

R/3 System Configurations

Central System 2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

In a central R/3 System configuration, one host is responsible for all processing tasks.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

Two-tier R/3 System configurations are usually implemented using special

presentation servers that are responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface. Many R/3 System users use PCs with Microsoft Windows -installed, for example, as presentation servers.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

2-Tier Configuration

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two-tier client/server). This type of configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software developers.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

In a three-tier onfi ration, you use your own host for the three tiers. Using data from the database server, several different application servers can operate at the same time. To ensure that the load on individual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance, you can use special application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning, distribution or financial accounting.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation Presentation Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

Application

Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database

To web-enable the SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction Server) are needed. The web-service and the services for the ITS can run on one server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.

Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy

Central Database
(Storage of all data)

Access to Dataase:
(Read / rite data)

Database
Input / Output of data to users
Processing of data using application logic

Application

Presentation

Presentation of the processed data to the user

Client/Server Overview
Ser er

LAN/ AN
TCP / IP

Client

Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure)

Ser er

Data Storage

Application Logic
Client

Presentation

What does an R/3 Database Contain?

R/3 System

database

Client

Client

Client

Customizing Repository

bjects bjects
R

Global Settings

What is a Client?
A client is an autonomous unit in the R/3 System with regard to commercial law, organization, and data.

rr ter user a ecords as uthori s er M U zation

use

Client

nt-d ing custom ependent iz izing d ustom C at a

clie

Ap

n licatio p

transa cti master on data data

R

Common Client Roles

CUST

Development & Customizing

Configuring of client settings and creation of new functionality

QTST

Quality Assurance

Functionality testing and verification of configuration

PR D

Production

Productive activities and business data

Additional Client Roles

SAND

Sandbox

Sampling of customizing transactions and settings

TEST

Test

Testing of configuration settings with data

TRNG

Training

End-user customer training environment

PPRD

Pre-production

Configured environment for the load of legacy data prior to the start of productive activities

Sample SAP System Landscape

Development
Database Servers

Testing

Production

Application Servers

Presentation Servers

Object Migration
Corrections and Transport
Development A Testing Production

Program A Table A Screen A

Program A Table A Screen A

Program A Table A Screen A

Object Migration
Development Corrections and Transport A Testing Program A Version 1 Program A Version 2 Program A Version Originals Program A Version 1 Program A Version 2 Program A Version

Geography-based Clients
America urope Japan Client 010 Client 020 Client 0 0

R/ urope R/ America R/ Japan

Client Copies
Configuration

Development Qualit Assurance Interface Testing User Training

ERP: Integration
Integrate people, data and business processes within and between organizations. Collaboration, non-redundancy, consistency and internal process optimization.

Procurement Process
Outline Agreement Purchase Requisition Demand Vendor Scheduling Agreement

Accounts Payable

Invoice Verification

Goods Receipt & Inventory Mgmt.

Purchase Order

Production Process

Schedule/Release

Goods Issue

Shop Floor

Order Settlement

Goods Receipt

Sales Process Trading Goods

Customer Order

Picking

Packing

Accounts Receivable

Billing

Goods Issue

Sales Process Finished Goods

Availability Check Customer Order

Goods Issue

Final Payment

Partial Payment

Billing

Sales Process Finished Goods

Availability Check - Insufficient Customer Order Independent Demand

Dependent Demand

MRP Run Production Scheduling

Purchasing

Process Flow

Goods Issue to Shop Floor

Production

Goods Receipt

Accounts Receivable

Billing

Goods Issue

Logging In

Basics

Client
This is a numeric field. This number defines a whole business entity.

User
Every SAP user has a user name. Users of SAP system are client-specific, which means that having a user identification on one client will only allow access to that particular client.

Password Rules
Letters Numbers Easy to remember 3-8 Characters long No 3 Characters can be the same Do not start with a ? or an ! Do not use previous 5 passwords

Language
SAP supports multi-national character sets and languages on the same system, at the same time. Default languages are English and German.

Field Types
There are three types of Entry Fields
Required Default entry Optional entry field

Sessions
An SAP session is a window in which the user may perform a particular task. A User may have up to nine sessions open at one time.

SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher

Presentation
SAP GUI

Application
Dispatcher

Communications

Wor Process

Wor Process

Wor Process

Buffers

Data base

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow

Presentation
Terminal Process

SAP GUI

1 Application
Dispatcher

7 2 6
Wor Process Request queues SAP Memory Buffer Roll Page

5 Data base
Relational database system

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes

A
Dialog Update

B
Message
Sold to party: C100
Item Material Qt 10 6 01 10 10 20 6 12 0 1507 25

Sold to party: C100

Item Material Qt 10 6 01 10 10 20 6 12 0 1507 25

Order

Order

M
Sold to party: C100
Item Material Qt 10 6 01 10 10 20 6 12 0 1507 25

Sold to party: C100

Item Material Qt 10 6 01 10 10 20 6 12 0 1507 25

Order

Order

Background Jobs
1999

SAP Dispatcher

nqueue Gateway

1 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 8 15 22 29

2 9 16 23 30

3 10 17 24 31

4 11 18 25

Spool
R/ R/2 G

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Lock Management by the Enqueue Work Process
Instance A
Dispatcher

Message Server

Work Process Update

Work Process
Enqueue

Instance B
Dispatcher

Lock table in Work Process main storage Update Work Process

Enqueue

SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance

Database Instance Instance Profiles (parameters)

Message Server

SAP Gateway

Dispatcher Background

Dialog

....

Update

Spool

Enqueue

SAP Buffers Start or Stop

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing

Instance 03
Dispatcher Background Dispatcher

Instance 02

Dialog

Enqueue

Enqueue

Dialog

...

Instance 01
Dispatcher Message Gateway

Dialog

Update

Enqueue

Spool

Reporting
Three basic steps to running a report
Access the report Enter selection criteria Execute the report

System Messages
 E - Error
An invalid entry has been made. The cursor moves to the field where the error has occurred.

 W - Warning
A possible error has been made. The user can continue without changing.

I Information
Feedback from the system.

Customizing - Modeling the Business

Organizational Structures in each module Master Data - Customers, Materials, Rules - required entries, tolerances,

Mapping
Assignment of organizational structures to reflect the enterprise model Establishes integration among modules