ESL / Bilingual Program School District U-46

Cognates Cognate Endings False Cognates Prefixes Suffixes

Cognates: words in different languages related to the same

root, e.g. education (English) and educacin (Spanish).

Aa
abandon - abandonar abdicate - abdicar abolish - abolir abound - abundar abrupt - abrupto absolute - absoluto absorb - absorber abundance- abundancia abundant - abundante abuse(n) abuso abuse(v) abusar academy-academia accelerate-acelerar accent- acento accentuate-acentuar access - acceso accessory-accesorio accident -accidente

Bb
balance - balance (n) balance - balancear band - banda bandit - bandido bank - banco banker - banquero bar - barra barber - barbero barrel - barril bat - bate battle batalla bicycle -bicicleta biography- biografa cabin-cabina cable - cable

Cc

cafeteria-cafetera calculate - calcular calendar - calendario calm (v.) - calmar calvary - calvario camel - camello camera-cmara camouflage-camuflaje canyon-can canal - canal canary - canario cancelable-cancelable candidate - candidato candor - candor capacity - capacidad cape - capa

Aa
accidental -accidental allergic -alrgico accompany -acompaar adult -adulto accord(n)-acuerdo accuse-acusar acquire - adquirir act -acto active - activo actor- actor actress - actriz actuary - actuario adapt- adaptar adhere-adherir adherent-adherente adjust- ajustar administrate- administrar admire - admirar

Bb

Cc
capital - capital capricious - caprichoso captain-capitn capture-capturar catastrophe-catstrofe cause-causa celebrate -celebrar cement-cemento center-centro ceramic-cermica cereal-cereal ceremony-ceremonia chimney-chimenea circle-crculo class-clase coast-costa colony-colonia color-color

Aa
admit - admitir adolescence - adolescencia adopt-adoptar adore- adorar African -africano air -aire association -asociacin autograph autgrafo agent -agente artist - artista automobile - automvil appetite - apetito alarm - alarma activities - actividades adventure -aventura area -rea altar - altar ambulance-ambulancia angular - angular

Bb

Cc
committee -comit common -comn commotion-conmocin company-compaa complete-completo concave-cncavo concert-concierto conflict - conflicto confusing-confuso confusion-confusin considerable-considerable constellation-constelacin construction-construccin contact- contacto contagious-contagioso continent-continente continue-continuar contract - contrato

Aa
animal -animal announce -anunciar appear -aparecer atmosphere -atmsfera antioxidant-antioxidante arrogance- arrogancia arrogant - arrogante aspirant-aspirante assailant-asaltante assistance-asistencia associate (v)-asociar assume-asumir athlete-atleta atrocity-atrocidad attack(n)-ataque attack(v)-atacar attention -atencin August- agosto acrobatic- acrobtico

Bb

Cc
contribution-contribucin convict- convicto correct - correcto coyote-coyote crocodile-cocodrilo curable-curable curious-curioso

Aa
adopt-adoptar attentive- atento attitude-actitud audacious-audaz audience-audiencia augment-aumentar

Bb

Cc

Dd
dance(n) - danza dance(v) - danzar debate - debate debilitate - debilitar debut - debut decadence - decadencia decent - decente decide - decidir decisive - decisivo

Ee
eccentricity - excentricidad echo - eco edict - edicto edifice - edificio effect - efecto effective - efectivo efficacy - eficacia elector - elector electricity - electricidad elegance - elegancia

Ff
fabricate - fabricar fabulous - fabuloso facilitate - facilitar facility - facilidad factor- factor faculty- facultad false- falso falsity - falsedad fame - fama family - familia

Dd
declare - declarar decline - declinar decorate - decorar decree - decreto dedicate - dedicar defect - defecto defunct - difunto derelict - derelicto dialect - dialecto direct - directo distinct- distinto district - distrito

Ee
elegant - elegante element - elemento emigrant - emigrante empire - imperio enemy - enemigo enigma - enigma envy - envidia episode - episodio error - error essence - esencia essential - esencial establish - establecer eternal - eterno eternity - eternidad evacuate - evacuar

Ff
famous - famoso fascinate - fascinar fatality - fatalidad fatigue - fatiga favorable - favorable

Gg
gallant - galante gallop - galope gardener - jardinero gas - gas gasoline - gasolina general (adj.) -general generosity - generosidad genteel - gentil genuine - genuino germ - germen gesture - gesto giant - gigante glacial - glacial globe - globo glorious - glorioso glory - gloria golf - golf gradual - gradual

Hh
habitual - habitual hatchet - hacha harmonious - armonioso hemisphere - hemisferio herb- hierba hereditary - hereditario historian - historiador history - historia honor - honor horizontal - horizontal horrendous - horrendo horrible - horrible horror - horror hospitality - hospitalidad hostile - hostil idea - idea ideal - ideal

Ii

identity - identidad idiot - idiota ignorant - ignorante illuminate - iluminar image - imagen imaginary - imaginario imaginative - imaginativo imagine - imaginar immediate - inmediato
immediately -inmediatamente

immense - inmenso immortal - inmortal impartial - imparcial imperfect - imperfecto imperial - imperial importance - importancia impossible - imposible

Gg
gratitude - gratitud grotesque - grotesco

Hh

Ii

Jj
jar - jarra jargon - jerga judicial - judicial judiciary - judiciario just - justo justice - justicia justify - justificar

Kk
kilogram - kilogramo

Ll
labor (n) - labor labor (v) - laborar laboratory - laboratorio laborious - laborioso lament - lamentar latitude - latitud legal - legal legislator - legislador legumes - legumbres liberal - liberal liberty - libertad limit - lmite

Jj

Kk

Ll
line - lnea liquidate - liquidar liquor - licor list - lista locality localidad

Mm
magistrate- magistrado magnitude - magnitud majesty - majestad malice - malicia malignant - maligno mandate - mandato manner - manera manual - manual manuscript - manuscrito map - mapa

Nn
narrate - narrar natal - natal national - nacional nationality-nacionalidad native - nativo natural - natural naturally-naturalmente naval-naval navigable -navegable necessary - necesario oasis - oasis

Oo

obedience-obediencia obedient-obediente object -objeto objective-objetivo oblige-obligar obscure - obscuro observe- observar obstruct - obstruir obtain - obtener

Mm
march(v) - marchar margin - margen marine - marino mark(n)- marca mark(v) - marcar marvel - maravilla marvelous-marvilloso matrimony - matrimonio medal - medalla mediate - mediar

Nn
necessitate - necesitar necessity- necesidad negative - negativo nerve- nervio neutral - neutro noble (adj) noble normal- normal

Oo
occur - ocurrir odious - odioso offend- offender offensive -ofensivo

Pp
pacific - pacfico pact - pacto palace - palacio palm - palma passive - pasivo past - pasado

Qq
quarter - cuarto quiet - quieto race(n)- raza

Rr

radiant - radiante radiator - radiador radical - radical ranch- rancho rapidity-rapidez rare - raro

Pp
paste - pasta pastor - pastor paternal - paterno patience - paciencia patio - patio patriarch - patriarca pause - pausa

Qq

Rr
ray- rayo realist- realista reality- realidad reason(v)-razonar reasonable- razonable rebel- rebelde receive- recibir recently-recientemente recite-recitar reference-referencia refine-refinar reflect-reflejar

Ss
salad- ensalada salary-salario sanctity- santidad sane- sano tact- tacto

Tt

Uu
ulterior - ulterior ultimate - ltimo united - unido unity - unidad

talent - talento tardy - tardo tariff - tarifa

Ss
scene- escena second- segundo secret(n) - secreto secretly - secretamente sect -secta secular - secular security - seguridad seduce- seducir senate - senado sensual - sensual serene- sereno

Tt
telescope- telescopio temperature- temperatura temple-templo temporary- temporal terminate - terminar terrace- terraza terrible - terrible theme - tema theology- teologa thesis - tesis timidity- timidez tint- tinte tobacco- tabaco tolerance- tolerancia tone - tono tourist- turista traditional - tradicional tragedy-tragedia train tren

Uu
universal - universal unjust - injusto unstable- instable urban- urbano urgency - urgencia urgent- urgente use (v)- usar utility - utilidad utilize - utilizar

Vv
vacant - vacante vacation - vacaciones vacillate- vacilar vague - vago valor - valor vanity - vanidad vary - variar vast - vasto vehicle - vehculo vein - vena velocity - velocidad verb - verbo victory-victoria violence-violencia violent- violento virgin- virgen

-ace

becomes

-acio

palace

preface

palacio
canal

prefacio
coral final metal pedal

-al

stays

-al

canal
electronics

coral
logic

final
music

metal
physics

pedal
rhetoric

-ic/-ics

becomes-ica

electrnica
discipline

lgica
doctrine

msica
heroine

fsica
margarine

retrica
morphine

-ine

becomes

-ina

disciplina

doctrina

herona

margarina

morfina

communism

socialism

marxism

paganism

Cognate Endings

-ism

becomes

-ismo

comunismo socialismo marxismo paganismo

curiosity electricity nationality university velocity

-ity

becomes

-idad

curiosidad electricidad nacionalidad universidad velocidad

dogma drama enigma program victim

-m/-ma

becomes

-ma

dogma
archaeology

drama
biology

enigma
psychology

programa
urology

vctima
zoology

-ology becomes ologa

arqueologa
aggression

biologa
depression

psicologa
expression

urologa
impression

zoologa
mission

-sion

becomes-sin

agresin
action

depresin expresin impresin

dedication evolution instruction

misin
nation

-tion

becomes

-cin

accin
agriculture

dedicacin evolucin instruccin

cure figure literature

nacin
miniature

-ure

becomes-ura

agricultura
anatomy

cura
artillery

figura
energy

literatura
geography

miniatura
philosophy

-y

becomes

-a

anatoma

artillera

energa

geografa

filosofa

LIST OF FALSE COGNATES WORD actual actually ancient assist attend basement billion border college commodities currently customer deceptive despite embarrassed exit fabric facilities figure journalist large letter major once pace pan pattern physician policies realize relative resign rope several success sunrise vacuum real realmente antiguo atender asistir (a un evento) Stano USA: mil millones // Britain: milln de milln Lmite, frontera universidad, inst. de edu. superior mercanca, artculo, producto, mercadera Actualmente cliente Engaoso a pesar de, no obstante apenado, avergonzado Salida tela, tejido instalaciones cog. verdadero: dibujo / cog falso: nmero periodista grande cog. verdadero: letra / cog. falso: carta importante, principal una vez Paso, ritmo sartn patrn, diseo mdico polticas realizar o darse cuenta pariente renunciar lazo, cuerda Varios xito salida del sol vaco, neumtico, aspiradora limpiar con aspiradora MEANING WORD advertise advice advise agreement allocate balloon black borrow called century come conversely crime currency date disgrace expenses expensive floor for instance great introduce involve journal lecture library murder parents relieve remain sales soul terrific trait translation tree MEANING anunciar, hacer publicidad consejo aconsejar, recomendar acuerdo distribuir globo negro tomar en prstamo llam (pasado de call) siglo venir a la inversa delito moneda (de un pas) fecha vergenza gastos caro piso por ejemplo cog. verdadero: grande / cog. falso: maravilloso presentar involucrar peridico, diario, revista, boletn conferencia, ponencia biblioteca asesinato padres liberar, aliviar permanecer ventas alma estupendo caracterstica traduccin rbol

PREFIXES Prefixes change the meaning of a word. The list provided below is organized according to an a of meaning because most often there is no one single (unique) specific meaning. PREFIXES OF SIZE PREFIXES OF LOCATION/DIRECTION Prefix Meaning Examples Prefix Meaning Examples semihalf, partly semiconductor interbetween, interactive equiequal equidistant among extrabeyond, extraordinary intra within intrastate out-side hypersensitive; par/ para near, similar parallel hyper excessive hypermarket parastatal tel far away, at telescope, maxibig maxicomputer a distance television microsmall microchip transover; across transnational minilittle minicomputer near macrobig macroeconomics subunder subway; megabig megabyte subtitle over too much overpopulated; overworked re again rewrite, reread super over,above, supersede; supermarket excessive PREFIXES OF NUMBERS Meaning Examples half semicircle one monolingual two bilateral three triangle four quadruple five pentagon six hexagonal ten decimal many multinational PREFIXES OF TIME AND ORDER Prefix Meaning Examples antebefore antecedent ex former exwife; ex president prebefore prehearing primefirst primitive postafter postgraduate postwar retrobackward retroactive

Prefix semimonobitriquadpentahexdecmulti-

PREFIXES WITH NEGATIVE MEANING Prefix Meaning Examples unnot unable in incomplete im impossible non non-existent il illegal ir irresponsible misbad, wrong misunderstand disagree disopposite antiterrorism antiagainst decrease dereduce underestimate undertoo little

SUFFIXES
A SUFFIX COMES AT THE END OF A WORD. IT ALSO ADDS TO THE MEANING. HOWEVER, THE MEANING OF THE SUFFIX IS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO DEFINE. A SUFFIX USUALLY DEFINES A PART OF SPEECH. EXAMPLE: separate (verb and adjective) separately (adverb) separation (noun)

Here are some common meanings of suffixes. (* also used for another part of speech) SUFFIX -able, -ible -ful -less -er*, -or, -ian, -ist, yst -er*, -or, -er / -ee MEANING possible, able to be done full of without person engaged in an occupation also: machine, software -er: gives; -ee: receives EXAMPLES acceptable, comprehensible, transportable useful, successful, meaningful useless, meaningless engineer, professor; competitor; scientist, analyst, librarian computer, (oracle) developer, generator employer; employee trainer; trainee interviewer; interviewee (air) hostess

-ess

female person

Here are some common suffixes grouped in parts of speech. (* also used for another part of speech) NOUNS -ance, -ence -ant* -ary* -Iy* -dom -ism -ity -ive* -ment -ness - (a)tion -ship -ure ADJECTIVES -ant*, -ent -al -ary* -ate* -er* -est -ic -ical -ive* -ory VERBS -ate* -ise, -ize, -yse, -yze -y* ADVERBS OF MANNER -ly EXAMPLES appearance, difference accountant secretary economy, frequency freedom, wisdom communism, racism quality, community executive government, statement, requirement, assignment, employment consciousness, competitiveness satisfaction, globalization, competition leadership manufacture, failure EXAMPLES important, different, excellent, independent national, natural, original Monetary, temporary separate, immediate (comparative) bigger, fewer, faster (superlative) biggest, fewest, fastest economic, basic, specific, characteristic economical, logical excessive, creative, attractive satisfactory, introductory separate, congratulate economize, analyze, mechanize satisfy, specify excessively, creatively

The present participle (-ing) can be used in verbs, as adjectives and nouns The past participle (-ed) can be used in verbs and as adjectives

References: Adapted from Spanish Lessons: Introduction to Cognates http://www.rcaguilar.com/spanish/intro/intro-cognates.htm Adapted from Universidad De San Buenaventura California http://www.usb.edu.co/facultades/derecho/profesores/ingles_reference_material.doc