CFBC

The furnace is divided into 3 distinct zones: Lower entry(below 2nd ary air entry) 1) Upper zone(above 2nd ary air entry) 3) Hot solid/gas separator

The lower zone in the furnace is fluidized by primary combustion air, which constitutes about 40-805 of stoichiometric air required for the coal feed: coal and sorbent as well as unburnt char from the hot cyclone are received in this section. Devolatization and partial combustion of char occur in this zone, which is oxygen deficient. So, to protect the boiler tubes from corrosion, this zone is refractory lined. As the lower zone of a CFB furnace is much denser than the upper zone, it serves as an insulated storage of hot solids, providing the CFB boiler with a thermal flywheel . When the boiler load increases, the proportion of primary to secondary air is increased. As a result, a greater amount of hot solids id transported to the upper zone of the furnace and the solid circulation rate increases. When the boiler load decreases, the reverse happens and the solid circulation rate decreases.

Char particles transported to the upper zone are exposed to an oxygen rich environment, where most of the combustion occurs. The upper zone is much taller than the lower zone. Unburnt char particles that are entrained out of the furnace go around refractory lined cyclone. The residence time of the char particles within the cyclone is short and the oxygen concentration is shortest there. So the combustion inside the cyclone is small compared to rest of the combustion loop. However, carbon monoxide and the volatiles often burn in the cyclone.

Water tube boilers

These are developed to permit increase in boiler pressure an capacity with reasonable metal d stresses. With higher steam pressures and capacities, fire tube boilers would need large diameter shells and with larger diameters, the shells would have to operate under such extreme pressure and

temperature stresses that the thickness would become very large. They are also subjected to large scale deposit and susceptible to boiler explosions, and become very costly. The water tube boiler where water flows through the tubes and the flue gases flow outside them, puts the pressure in the tubes and the relatively small-diamter drums, which are capable of withstanding extreme pressures of the modern steam generator.