Formula Sheet - MTH 3112

a + b a + b a b a b dz = z dx + z dy dy = y u v cos A cos B =

sin A sin B =

1 2

{cos( A B ) cos( A + B )}
1 2

cos A sin B =

{sin ( A + B ) sin ( A B )}
(u / v)' = (uv'vu ' ) / v 2

dx u v x 1 1 cos = sin = 2 sin A cos B = 2 {sin ( A B ) + sin ( A + B )} 4 4 2 1 1 sin = cos = 3 sin = cos = 6 3 2 3 6 2

1 2

{cos( A B ) + cos( A + B )}

(uv )' = uv '+ vu '

au e sin bu du =

udv = uv vdu sinh udu = cosh u cosh udu = sinh u

2 e au (a sin bu b cos bu ) + C 1 du = ln u + C lnudu = u lnu u + C z1, 2 = b b 4ac a2 + b2 2a u 1 h2 h3 h3 h1 h1 h2 Q P 2 Pdx + Qdy = x y dxdy = h1h2 h3 u1 h1 u1 + u 2 h2 u 2 + u 3 h3 u 3 R

+ 2k + 2k wk = n r cos z n = r n (cos n + i sin n ) z = e ln z + i sin n n e iz e iz e iz + e iz e z ez sin z = cos z = sinh z = ln z = ln z + i ( + 2 n ) 2i 2 2 2 2 2 2 z z u v u u v v u v v e + e u v u + 2 =0 + 2 = 0 f (z ) = = = i = +i cosh z = 2 2 x y y x x x y x y x 2 y y lim f ( z ) f ' ( z ) f ( z )dz lim f (z ) f ( z 0 ) lim f ( z + z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) = f ' (z 0 ) = = (z z 0 ) = 2if (z 0 ) z z 0 g (z ) g ' (z ) z z0 z 0 z z z0 C

f (z ) =
n =0

f ( n ) (z 0 ) (z z 0 )n n!
2 4

f (z ) =
n=0

f ( n ) (0 ) n z n!

cos z = 1

lim z n +1 z z = L <1 + ... n zn 2! 4!

z3 z5 z2 z3 + sin z = z + ... 2! 3! 3! 5! f ( z )dz 2i ( n ) 1 = 1 + z + z 2 + ... (z z )n+1 = n! f (z 0 ) 1 z C 0 ez = 1+ z +

Re s[ f ( z ), z 0 ] = lim d n 1 z 1 ( z z 0 )n f ( z ) (n 1)! z z 0 dz n 1

n n f ( z )dz = f ( z )dz = 2i Re s ( f ( z ), z k ) k =1 C k k =1

Re s[ f ( z ), z 0 ] =

a a lim (z z 0 ) f (z ) = g (z 0 ) f (z ) = an (z z0 )n = ... 2 2 + 1 + a0 + a1 (z z0 ) + a2 (z z0 )2 + ... z z0 h' (z 0 ) ( z z0 ) ( z z0 ) n=

1 sin = z z 1 2i

1 cos = z + z 1 2

) f (z )dz = f (z )(dx + idy ) = f (t )z ' (t )dt

b b b' a

d =

a'

dz iz

f ( x )(cos x, sin x ) dx = f ( z )e iz dz f ( x ) = c n n ( x )
C
n =0
p 0 m n mx nx mx nx cos dx = sin sin dx = p p p p p m = n p

cn =

( x ) n ( x )dx

(x ) 2
p

sin

mx nx cos dx = 0 p p

cos

sin

nx nx dx = cos dx = 0 p p p 1 n a n = f ( x )cos xdx p p p

p

a n n f ( x ) = 0 + a n cos x + bn sin p 2 n =1 p

1 x a0 = f ( x )dx p p
p

1 n bn = f (x )sin xdx p p p
p

2 (x ) = a 0 + a n cos n x a0 = f p 2 n =1 p
p
2

f ( x )dx

2 n an = f (x ) cos dx p0 p
p

f (x ) = bn sin
n =1

n x, p

bn =

n 2 u u 2u 2u f (x )sin dx k 2 = a2 2 = 2 p p t x t x 0

f ( x, y ) =
m=1

A
n =1

mn

sin

m n x sin y, b c

Amn

4 m n = f (x, y ) sin x sin ydxdy bc 0 0 b c

c b

f (x, y ) = A00 + Am0 cos

m=1

m n m n x + A0n cos y + Amn cos x cos y, b c b c n=1 m=1 n=1

A00 =
Amn =

1 f (x, y )dxdy bc 0 0
4 bc

c b

Am 0 =

2 m f (x, y )cos b xdxdy bc 0 0

c b

A0 n =

2 n f (x, y )cos c ydxdy bc 0 0

c b

f (x, y )cos
0 0

c b

m n x cos ydxdy b c

y '+y = 0 y( x ) = c1 exp(x) y '+ P ( x) y = f ( x )

y"+ 2 y = 0

P ( x ) dx P ( x ) dx P ( x ) dx f ( x)dx a y ( n ) + a y ( n 1) + ... + a y = g ( x ) +e y( x ) = c1 cos x + c 2 sin x y ( x ) = y c + y p = ce n n 1 o e

y ( x ) = y c + y p y p = A, Ax + B, Ax2 + Bx + C, Acosx + B sinx,

Aex , ( Ax + B) Aex , Aekx cosx + Bekx sinx

2 u 1 u 1 2 u 2 u + =0 + + r 2 r r r 2 2 z 2 y ( x ) = c1 x + c 2 x
Yv (x ) =

y" 2 y = 0 y( x ) = c1 cosh x + c2 sinh x y( x ) = c1 exp( x ) + c2 exp(x )

1 2u 2 u 2 u 1 2 u cot u = 0 x 2 y"+ xy ' 2 y = 0 y( x ) = c1 + c2 ln x + 2 + 2 + + 2 2 2 2 2 r r r r r sin r xy"+ y'+ xy = 0 y (x ) = c n x

2
n =0 n+r

y(x) = c1 J 0 (x) + c2Y0 (x) J v

( 1)n x 2 nv = 1 n = 0 n! ( v + n ) 2

cos vJ v ( x ) J v (x ) sin v

f (x ) = c n J v (x ) c n =
n =1
2 2 2
1

b 2 J v2+1 ( n x ) 0

xJ v ( n x ) f (x )dx sin
k =0

d 2 d + cos + n(n + 1) sin = 0 2 d d

2 n! dx
du

(1 x ) d 2 x d + n(n + 1) = 0 y(x ) = c dx dx
cn =

n n 1 x k Pn ( x ) = n d n (x 2 1) n

f (x ) = c n Pn ( x )
n =0

2 2n + 1 1 f (x )Pn (x )dx erf (x ) = 2

e
0

u 2

du erfc (x ) =

e
x

u 2

Function

Laplace Transform
st e f (t )dt = F (s )

Function

Laplace Transform

Function

Laplace Transform

f (t )

sin kt

k s + k2
2

cos kt

s s + k2
2

n! s n +1 1 s 1 sa

sinh kt
2u x 2 2u t 2

1
e at
f (x ) =
f (x ) =
f (x ) =

k s2 k 2 2U x 2 s 2U ( x, s ) su ( x,0 ) u t ( x,0 )

cosh kt

t n f (t )
u t

s s2 k 2 n ( 1)n d n F (s ) ds sU ( x, s ) u ( x,0 )

[A( )cos x + B( )sin x]d

0
0

A( ) =

f (x )cos xdx
2

B ( ) =

f (x )sin xdx
0

1 2

A( )cos xd
0

A( ) = f ( x )cos xdx f ( x ) =

B( )sin xd B( ) = f (x )sin xdx

0

1 u i +1, j + u i , j +1 + u i 1, j + u i , j 1 4 ck a T = 2 xi = ih i = 0,1,2,3,..., n k= u i , j +1 = u i +1, j + (1 2 )u ij + u i 1, j h = n m h a T ck k= = t j = jk j = 0,1,2,3,..., m u i , j +1 = 2 u i +1, j + 2(1 2 )u ij + 2 u i 1, j u i , j 1 h = n m h

C ( )e

i x

d C ( ) =

f (x )e

i x

dx

u ij =

u i ,1 =

2
2

(u

i +1, 0

+ u i 1, 0 ) + 1 2 u i , 0 + kg ( x )