1.

Executive Summary
The major impact during the recessionary period was mainly due to the negative flow of FII in India while the FDI remained moderately unaffected with the global slowdown. The attractiveness of India for FDI is far from receding and can surely be expected to sustain over the next decade as well. The single most important parameter that is driving FDI into the country is the rapid growth of Indias GDP and the huge potential returns for the foreign investors. Moreover, FDI into India is focused on industries and sectors which can be considered to be recession- proof. In contrasts, the FDI flows into India were primarily into the services sector and were used for establishing BPOs. The businesses setup with the FDI money in India remained active during and after the recession The recession had an impact on the total foreign investments in India, as in the year 2007-08:Q4 the net FI was $ 4760 million which fell from $ 16892 million in 200708:Q3.This stagnant growth continued till 2008-09:Q3 where this further fell to $ -5376 million and in 2008-09:Q4 $ 492.However there are signs of recovery as the results of 2009-10:Q1 shows positive growth of $ 15101 million. According to findings and results, we have concluded that FII did have significant impact on BSE and NSE turnover but there is less co-relation with Bankex and IT.

2. Introduction
The report of the project Foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investors (FII) in India mainly focused on the following areas:

A) FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) FDI is treated as a main engine of economic growth and technological development which provides ample opportunities in accelerating economic development.Net foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into India reached 161481 Rs crore in Indias 200809 fiscal year, means increase of 2% of the 138276 crore recorded during 200708, with the largest share of FDI flows from Mauritius, followed by the United States and the United Kingdom. This study examines FDI in India, in the context of the Indian economic and regulatory environment. This study present FDI trends in India, by country and by sectors during the post liberalization period that is 1991 to 2010 year, using official government data from Indian official government internet site like that of RBI, SEBI. To illustrate the driving forces behind these trends, the study also discusses the investment climate in India, Indian government incentives to foreign investors, the Indian regulatory environment as it affects investment, and the effect of Indias global, regional, and bilateral trade agreements on investment from top 10 FDI investing countries. Finally, the study examines global FDI in Indias in top 10 sectors of industry. B) FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS (FII) Institutional Investor is any investor or investment fund that is from or registered in a country outside of the one in which it is currently investing. Institutional investors include hedge funds, insurance companies, pension funds and mutual funds. The growing Indian market had attracted the foreign investors, which are called Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) to Indian equity market, and this study present try to explain the impact and extent of foreign institutional investors in Indian stock market and examining whether market movement can be explained by these investors. It is often hear that 2

whenever there is a rise in market, it is explained that it is due to foreign investors' money and a decline in market is termed as withdrawal of money from FIIs. This study tries to examine the influence of FII on movement of Indian stock exchange during the post liberalization period that is 1991 to 2010. Indian economy Portfolio investment mainly comprising foreign institutional investors (FIIs) investments and American depository receipts (ADRs)/global depository receipts (GDRs) witnessed large net inflows (US $ 17.9 billion) in April-September 2009 (net outflows of US $ 5.5 billion in AprilSeptember 2008) due to large purchases by FIIs in the Indian capital market reflecting revival in growth prospects of the economy and improvement in global investors sentiment.

Foreign investment refers to investments made by the residents of a country in the financial assets and production processes of another country. The effect of foreign investment, however, varies from country to country. It can affect the factor productivity of the recipient country and can also affect the balance of payments. Foreign investment provides a channel through which countries can gain access to foreign capital. It can come in two forms: foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII). Foreign direct investment involves in direct production activities and is also of a medium- to long-term nature. But foreign institutional investment is a short-term investment, mostly in the financial markets. FII, given its short-term nature, can have bidirectional causation with the returns of other domestic financial markets such as money markets, stock markets, and foreign exchange markets. Hence, understanding the determinants of FII is very important for any emerging economy as FII exerts a larger impact on the domestic financial markets in the short run and a real impact in the long run. India, being a capital scarce country, has taken many measures to attract foreign investment since the beginning of reforms in 1991. India is the second largest country in the world, with a population of over 1 billion people. As a developing country, Indias economy is characterized by wage rates that are significantly lower than those in most developed countries. These two traits combine to make India a natural destination for foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII). Until recently, however, India has attracted only a small 3

share of global foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII), primarily due to government restrictions on foreign involvement in the economy. But beginning in 1991 and accelerating rapidly since 2000, India has liberalized its investment regulations and actively encouraged new foreign investment, a sharp reversal from decades of discouraging economic integration with the global economy. The world is increasingly becoming interdependent. Goods and services followed by the financial transaction are moving across the borders. In fact, the world has become a borderless world. With the globalization of the various markets, international financial flows have so far been in excess for the goods and services among the trading countries of the world. Of the different types of financial inflows, the foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII)) has played an important role in the process of development of many economies. Further many developing countries consider foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) as an important element in their development strategy among the various forms of foreign assistance. The Foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) flows are usually preferred over the other form of external finance, because they are not debt creating, nonvolatile in nature and their returns depend upon the projects financed by the investor. The Foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) would also facilitate international trade and transfer of knowledge, skills and technology. The Foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) is the process by which the resident of one country(the source country) acquire the ownership of assets for the purpose of controlling the production, distribution and other productive activities of a firm in another country(the host country). According to the international monetary fund (IMF), foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) is defined as an investment that is made to acquire a lasting interest in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of investor.

The government of India(GOI) has also recognized the key role of the foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) in its process of economic development, not only as an addition to its own domestic capital but also as an important source of technology and other global trade practices. In order to attract the required amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII), it has bought about a number of changes in its economic policies and has put in its practice a liberal and more transparent foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) policy with a view to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) inflows into its economy. These changes have heralded the liberalization era of the foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) policy regime into India and have brought about a structural breakthrough in the volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) inflows in the economy. In this context, this report is going to analyze the trends and patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) flows into India during the post liberalization period that is 1991 to 2010 year.

3.

Research Methodology

3.1

Objective of the project

Objective 1: Examines the trends and patterns in the foreign direct investment (FDI) across different sectors and from different countries in India during 1991-2010 period means during post liberalization period. Objective 2: Influence of recession on FII and FDI.

3.2

Hypothesis

H0-The NSE and BSE indexes do not rise with the increase in FIIs investments in India means FIIs have no influence on Indian stock exchange. H1-The NSE and BSE indexes results in a rise with the increase in FIIs investment in India means FIIs have an influence on Indian stock exchange. H0- FDI has a negative impact on the investments in India H1- FDI has a positive impact on the investments in India The data regarding indices of NSE and BSE is taken from HANDBOOK OF STATISTICS ON THE INDIAN SECURITIES MARKET 2008-09.

3.3

Methodology

The lifeblood of business and commerce in the modern world is information. The ability to gather, analyze, evaluate, present and utilize information is therefore is a vital skill for the manager of today. In order to accomplish this project successfully I will take following steps.

1) Sampling: The study is limited to a sample of top 10 investing countries e.g. Mauritius, USA etc. and top 10 sectors e.g. electrical instruments, telecommunications etc. which had attracted larger inflow of FDI and data of NSE and BSE stock exchanges will be taken to know the impact of FII. 2) Data Collection: The research will be done with the help Secondary data (from internet site and journals).

The data is collected mainly from websites, annual reports, World Bank reports, research reports, already conducted survey analysis, database available etc.

3) Analysis: Appropriate Statistical tools like correlation and regression has been used to analyze the data like to analyze the growth and patterns of the FDI and FII flows in India during the post liberalization period, the liner trend model will be used. Further the percentage analysis will be used to measure the share of each investing countries and the share of each sectors in the overall flow of FDI and FII into India.

3.4

Limitations of the study

A) The study has limited itself to a sample of top ten investing countries and top ten level sectors which have attracted higher inflow of FDI. B) The data for analysis of impact of FII on stock exchange is limited to National stock exchange (NSE) and Bombay stock exchange (BSE) only.

4. Foreign Direct Investments

In this section I am going to discuss or describe the main business of the report i.e. analysis of secondary data. It includes data in an organized form, discussion on its significance and analyzing the results. For this I had divided this section in further two subsections i.e. the first subsection fulfill the requirement of first objective which is pertaining to FDI. The objective for FDI is to examine the trends and patterns in the foreign direct investment (FDI) across different sectors and from different countries in India during 1991-2010 period means during post liberalization period. And the second subsection fulfills the analysis of second objective which is pertaining to FII. Objective 1: Examine the trends and patterns in the foreign direct investment (FDI) across different sectors and from different countries in India during 1991-2010 period means during post liberalization period.

4.1 About foreign direct investment:

Is the process whereby residents of one country (the source country) acquire ownership of assets for the purpose of controlling the production, distribution, and other activities of a firm in another country (the host country). The international monetary funds balance of payment manual defines FDI as an investment that is made to acquire a lasting interest in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. The investors purpose being to have an effective voice in the management of the enterprise. The united nations 1999 world investment report defines FDI as an investment involving a long term relationship and reflecting a lasting interest and control of a resident entity in one economy (foreign direct investor or parent enterprise) in an enterprise resident in an economy other than that of the foreign direct investor ( FDI enterprise, affiliate enterprise or foreign affiliate).

4.2 Foreign direct investment: Indian scenario

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is permitted as under the following forms of investments

Through financial collaborations. Through joint ventures and technical collaborations. Through capital markets via Euro issues. Through private placements or preferential allotments.

Forbidden Territories FDI is not permitted in the following industrial sectors:

Arms and ammunition. Atomic Energy. Railway Transport. Coal and lignite. Mining of iron, manganese, chrome, gypsum, gold, diamonds, copper, zinc. Retail Trading (except single brand product retailing). Lottery Business Gambling and Betting Business of chit fund Nidhi Company Trading in Transferable Development Rights (TDRs). Activity/sector not opened to private sector investment.

Foreign Investment through GDRs (Euro Issues) Indian companies are allowed to raise equity capital in the international market through the issue of Global Depository Receipt (GDRs). GDR investments are treated as FDI and are designated in dollars and are not subject to any ceilings on investment. An applicant company seeking Government's approval in this regard should have consistent track record for good performance (financial or otherwise) for a minimum period of 3 years. 9

This condition would be relaxed for infrastructure projects such as power generation, telecommunication, petroleum exploration and refining, ports, airports and roads. 1. Clearance from FIPB There is no restriction on the number of Euro-issue to be floated by a company or a group of companies in the financial year. A company engaged in the manufacture of items covered under Annex-III of the New Industrial Policy whose direct foreign investment after a proposed Euro issue is likely to exceed 51% or which is implementing a project not contained in Annex-III, would need to obtain prior FIPB clearance before seeking final approval from Ministry of Finance. 2. Use of GDRs The proceeds of the GDRs can be used for financing capital goods imports, capital expenditure including domestic purchase/installation of plant, equipment and building and investment in software development, prepayment or scheduled repayment of earlier external borrowings, and equity investment in JV/WOSs in India. 3. Restrictions However, investment in stock markets and real estate will not be permitted. Companies may retain the proceeds abroad or may remit funds into India in anticipation of the use of funds for approved end uses. Any investment from a foreign firm into India requires the prior approval of the Government of India.

10

4.3 Foreign direct investments in India are approved through two routes
1. Automatic approval by RBI The Reserve Bank of India accords automatic approval within a period of two weeks (subject to compliance of norms) to all proposals and permits foreign equity up to 24%; 50%; 51%; 74% and 100% is allowed depending on the category of industries and the sectoral caps applicable. The lists are comprehensive and cover most industries of interest to foreign companies. Investments in high-priority industries or for trading companies primarily engaged in exporting are given almost automatic approval by the RBI. 2. The FIPB Route Processing of non-automatic approval cases FIPB stands for Foreign Investment Promotion Board which approves all other cases where the parameters of automatic approval are not met. Normal processing time is 4 to 6 weeks. Its approach is liberal for all sectors and all types of proposals, and rejections are few. It is not necessary for foreign investors to have a local partner, even when the foreign investor wishes to hold less than the entire equity of the company. The portion of the equity not proposed to be held by the foreign investor can be offered to the public.

4.4 Analysis of sector specific policy for FDI Table no. 1: Sector-specific policy for FDI
Sr. No 1. 2. 3. 4. Hotel & Tourism NBFC Insurance Telecommunication: Mail & Voice Mail Trading companies: 11 Sector/Activity FDI 100% 49% 26% 49% 100% 51% Entry/Route Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic Above 49% Gov. license Automatic

cellular, VAS, ISPs with gateways, radio-paging, Electronic 74% 5.

primarily export, bulk imports, cash, wholesale trading 6. Power(other than atomic reactor power plants) 7. Drugs & Pharmaceuticals 8. Roads, Highways, Ports and Harbors 9. Pollution Control and Management 10 Call Centers 11. BPO 12. For NRI's and OCB's: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. viii. Power ix. Housing and Real Estate Development x. Highways, Bridges and Ports xi. Sick Industrial Units xii. Industries Requiring Compulsory Licensing xiii. Industries Reserved for Small Scale Sector 13. Airports: Greenfield projects, Existing projects 14 Assets reconstruction company 15. Cigars and cigarettes 16. Courier services 17. Investing companies in infrastructure
Source: http://dipp.nic.in/fdi_statistics/india_fdi_index.htm

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic

34 High Priority Industry Groups Export Trading Companies Hotels and Tourism-related Projects Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers Shipping Deep Sea Fishing

100%

Automatic

vii. Oil Exploration

100% 100% 49% 100% 100% 49%

Automatic,FI PB over 45% FIPB FIPB FIPB FIPB

12

4.5 Analysis of share of top ten investing countries FDI equity in flows.
Cumulative amount of FDI inflows (From Aug. 2000 to march 2010): Rs. 486,480 crore and US$ 109,219 million. Foreign investors have begun to take a more active role in the Indian economy in recent years. By country, the largest direct investor in India is Mauritius; largely because of the India-Mauritius double-taxation treaty. Firms based in Mauritius invested 201,694 crores in India between Aug. 1991 and March 2010, equal to 44 percent of total FDI inflows. The second largest investor in India is the Singapore, with total capital flows of 41,431 crore during the 19912010 periods, followed by the U.S.A, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Japan.

Chart 1: Share of top investing countries FDI equity inflows

Source: Securities and exchange board of India

Mauritius
Mauritius invested Rs 201,894 crore in India up to the November2009, equal to 44% of total FDI inflows. Many companies based outside of India utilize Mauritian holding companies to take advantage of the India- Mauritius Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA). The DTAA allows foreign firms to bypass Indian capital gains 13

taxes, and may allow some India-based firms to avoid paying certain taxes through a process known as round tripping. The extent of round tripping by Indian companies through Mauritius is unknown. However, the Indian government is concerned enough about this problem to have asked the government of Mauritius to set up a joint monitoring mechanism to study these investment flows. The potential loss of tax revenue is of particular concern to the Indian government. These are the sectors which attracting more FDI from Mauritius Electrical equipment Gypsum and cement products Telecommunications Services sector that includes both non- financial and financial Fuels.

Singapore
Singapore continues to be the single largest investor in India amongst the Singapore with FDI inflows into Rs. 41,431 crores up to August 2009. Sector-wise distribution of FDI inflows received from Singapore the highest inflows have been in the services sector (financial and non financial), which accounts for about 9 % of FDI inflows from Singapore. Petroleum and natural gas occupies the second place followed by computer software and hardware, mining and construction.

U.S.A.
The United States is the third largest source of FDI in India (8% of the total), valued at RS 35194 crore in cumulative inflows up to November 2009. According to the Indian government, the top sectors attracting FDI from the United States to India are fuel, telecommunications, electrical equipment, food processing, and services. According to the available M&A data, the two top sectors attracting FDI inflows from the United States are computer systems design and programming and manufacturing

U.K.
The United Kingdom is the fourth largest source of FDI in India (5 % of the total), valued at Rs 24679 crores in cumulative inflows up to November2009.Over 17 UK companies under the aegis of the Nuclear Industry Association of UK have tied up with Ficci to identify joint venture and FDI possibilities in the civil nuclear energy sector.UK 14

companies and policy makers the focus sectors for joint ventures, partnerships, and trade are non-conventional energy, IT, precision engineering, medical equipment, infrastructure equipment, and creative industries.

Netherlands
FDI from Netherlands to India has increased at a very fast pace over the last few years. Netherlands ranks fifth among all the countries that make investments in India. The total flow of FDI from Netherlands to India came to Rs. 19,180 crores between 1990 and 2009. The total percentage of FDI from Netherlands to India stood at 4% out of the total foreign direct investment in the country up to November 2009. Following Various industries attracting FDI from Netherlands to India are:

Food processing industries Telecommunications that includes services of cellular mobile, basic telephone, and radio paging Horticulture Electrical equipment that includes computer software and electronics Service sector that includes non- financial and financial services

15

4.6 Analysis of sectors attracting highest FDI equity inflows

Table no. 2: Sectors attracting highest FDI equity inflows
Cumulative Inflows (August 1991- March 2010) Amount in Rs. Ranks Sector 1. SERVICES SECTOR (financial & non-financial) 2. COMPUTER SOFTWARE & HARDWARE TELECOMMUNICATIONS (radio paging, 3. cellular mobile, basic telephone services) 4 HOUSING & REAL ESTATE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES (including roads 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. & highways) POWER AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS CEHMICALS (other than fertilizers) TOTAL FDI INFLOWS Percentage of total

Crore (US $ in million) inflows (Rs) 101,019 (22,687) 22 % 42,259 (9,529) 9% 39,179 (8,600) 8% 34,348 (7,701) 30,557 (6,945) 20,006 (4,428) 19,566 (4,322) 12,990 (3,032) 11,261 (2,612) 10,567 (2,343) 2,32,041 7% 7% 4% 4% 3% 2% 2%

The sectors receiving the largest shares of total FDI inflows between August 1991 and March 2010 were the service sector and the computer software and hardware sector, each accounting for 22 and 9 percent respectively. These were followed by the telecommunications, housing, power, and automobile sectors. The top sectors attracting FDI into India via M&A activity were manufacturing; information; and professional, scientific, and technical services. These sectors correspond closely with the sectors identified by the Indian government as attracting the largest shares of FDI inflows overall. The ASSOCHAM has revealed that FDI in Chemicals sector (other than fertilizers) registered maximum growth of 227 per cent during April 2008 March 2009 as compared to 11.71 per cent during the last fiscal. The sector attracted USD 749 million FDI in FY 09 as compared to USD 229 million in FY 08. During the year 2009 government had raised the FDI limit in telecom sector from 49 per cent to 74 per, which has contributed to the robust growth of FDI. The telecom sector 16

registered a growth of 103 per cent during fiscal 2008-09 as compared to previous fiscal. The sector attracted USD 2558 million FDI in FY 09 as compared to the USD 1261 million in FY 08, acquired 9.37 per cent share in total FDI inflow. India automobile sector has been able to record 70 per cent growth in foreign investment. The FDI inflow in automobile sector has increased from USD 675 million to 1,152 million in FY 09 over FY 08. The other sectors which registered growth in highest FDI inflow during April March 2009 were housing & real estate (28.55 per cent), computer software & hardware (18.94 per cent), construction activities including road & highways (16.35 per cent) and power (1.86 per cent).

4.7 Analysis of FDI inflow and outflow in India

Table no. 3: Total FDI inflows in India
Sr. No. Financial Year Total FDI (Rs crore) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 18406 29235 24367 19860 27188 39674 103367 138276 161481 Total Inflows (US mill) 4,029 6,130 5,035 4,322 6,051 8,961 22,826 34,362 35,168 FDI % Growth Over Previous Year ---(+) 52 (-) 18 (-) 14 (+) 40 (+) 48 (+) 146 (+) 51 (+) 02

17

Chart 2: Quarterly FDI inflow and outflow

Source: Handbook of statistics-RBI

Chart 3: Total FDI inflow in India

Source: Securities and exchange board of India

18

In 2006-07 the total FDI inflow in India was US $ 22,826 million while the outflow of FDI from India was US $ -15046 million resulting in total FDI of US $ 7693 million. The same trend continued and the total FDI substantially increased to US $ 15401 million in the year 2007-08 due to an increase in the inflow of US $ 34236 million. During the global slowdown period the FDI showed a positive trend in 2008-09 with an increase of FDI to US $ 17496 million.

4.8 Classification of Net FDI in India

Table no. 4: Classification of Net FDI in India
(Amount in US $ million) 2006-07 Particulars a)FDI (i + ii) i) In India Equity Reinvested earnings Other capital ii) Abroad Equity Reinvested earnings Other capital Credit 23590 22826 16481 5828 517 764 764 0 0 Debit 15897 87 87 0 0 15810 13368 1076 1366 Net 7693 22739 16394 5828 517 15046 12604 -1076 -1366 Credit 36838 34361 26866 7168 327 2477 2477 0 0 2007-08 Debit 21437 125 108 0 17 21312 16898 1084 3330 Net 15401 34236 26758 7168 310 18835 14421 -1084 -3330 Credit 36258 35148 27975 6426 747 1110 1110 0 0 2008-09 Debit 18762 166 166 0 0 18596 14668 1084 2844 Net 17496 34982 27809 6426 747 -17486 -13558 -1084 -2844

Source: Handbook of statistics-RBI

India has emerged as the second most attractive destination for FDI after China and ahead of the US, Russia and Brazil. India has experienced a marked rise in FDI inflows in the last few years. Not surprisingly Indias growth strategy has depended predominantly on domestic enterprises and domestic demand as opposed to FDI and export demand.1 For instance, Indias FDI as a share of GDP in 2007 represented only about 1.7 percent compared to 2.8 percent in China and even below Pakistan, and its share of gross fixed investment is 5.2 percent compared to 7.0 in China and 16.7 percent in Pakistan. 19

5. Foreign Institutional Investments

Objective 2: Influence of FII on movement of Indian stock exchange during recession.

5.1 Introduction to FII

Since 1990-91, the Government of India embarked on liberalization and economic reforms with a view of bringing about rapid and substantial economic growth and move towards globalization of the economy. As a part of the reforms process, the Government under its New Industrial Policy revamped its foreign investment policy recognizing the growing importance of foreign direct investment as an instrument of technology transfer, augmentation of foreign exchange reserves and globalization of the Indian economy. Simultaneously, the Government, for the first time, permitted portfolio investments from abroad by foreign institutional investors in the Indian capital market. The entry of FIIs seems to be a follow up of the recommendation of the Narsimhan Committee Report on Financial System. While recommending their entry, the Committee, however did not elaborate on the objectives of the suggested policy. The committee only suggested that the capital market should be gradually opened up to foreign portfolio investments. From September 14, 1992 with suitable restrictions, FIIs were permitted to invest in all the securities traded on the primary and secondary markets, including shares, debentures and warrants issued by companies which were listed or were to be listed on the Stock Exchanges in India. While presenting the Budget for 1992-93, the then Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh had announced a proposal to allow reputed foreign investors, such as Pension Funds etc., to invest in Indian capital market. To operationalise this policy announcement, it had become necessary to evolve guidelines for such investments by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs). The policy framework for permitting FII investment was provided under the Government of India guidelines vide Press Note date September 14, 1992. The guidelines formulated in this regard were as follows: 20

1) Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) including institutions such as Pension Funds, Mutual Funds, Investment Trusts, Asset Management Companies, Nominee Companies and Incorporated/Institutional Portfolio Managers or their power of attorney holders (providing discretionary and non-discretionary portfolio management services) would be welcome to make investments under these guidelines. 2) FIIs would be welcome to invest in all the securities traded on the Primary and Secondary markets, including the equity and other securities/instruments of companies which are listed/to be listed on the Stock Exchanges in India including the OTC Exchange of India. These would include shares, debentures, warrants, and the schemes floated by domestic Mutual Funds. Government would even like to add further categories of securities later from time to time. 3) FIIs would be required to obtain an initial registration with Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the nodal regulatory agency for securities markets, before any investment is made by them in the Securities of companies listed on the Stock Exchanges in India, in accordance with these guidelines. Nominee companies, affiliates and subsidiary companies of a FII would be treated as separate FIIs for registration, and may seek separate registration with SEBI. 4) Since there were foreign exchange controls in force, for various permissions under exchange control, along with their application for initial registration, FIIs were also supposed to file with SEBI another application addressed to RBI for seeking various permissions under FERA, in a format that would be specified by RBI for the purpose. RBI's general permission would be obtained by SEBI before granting initial registration and RBI's FERA permission together by SEBI, under a single window approach. 5) For granting registration to the FII, SEBI should take into account the track record of the FII, its professional competence, financial soundness, experience and such other criteria that may be considered by SEBI to be relevant. Besides, FII seeking initial registration with SEBI were be required to hold a registration from the 21

Securities Commission, or the regulatory organization for the stock market in the country of domicile/incorporation of the FII. 6) SEBI's initial registration would be valid for five years. RBI's general permission under FERA to the FII would also hold good for five years. Both would be renewable for similar five year periods later on. 7) RBI's general permission under FERA would enable the registered FII to buy, sell and realize capital gains on investments made through initial corpus remitted to India, subscribe/renounce rights offerings of shares, invest on all recognized stock exchanges through a designated bank branch, and to appoint a domestic Custodian for custody of investments held. 8) This General Permission from RBI would also enable the FII to: Open foreign currency denominated accounts in a designated bank. (There could even be more than one account in the same bank branch each designated in different foreign currencies, if it is so required by FII for its operational purposes); Open a special non-resident rupee account to which could be credited all receipts from the capital inflows, sale proceeds of shares, dividends and interests; Transfer sums from the foreign currency accounts to the rupee account and vice versa, at the market rate of exchange; Make investments in the securities in India out of the balances in the rupee account; Transfer repairable (after tax) proceeds from the rupee account to the foreign currency account(s); Repatriate the capital, capital gains, dividends, incomes received by way of interest, etc. and any compensation received towards sale/renouncement of rights offerings of shares subject to the designated branch of a bank/the custodian being authorized to deduct withholding tax on capital gains and

22

arranging to pay such tax and remitting the net proceeds at market rates of exchange; Register FII's holdings without any further clearance under FERA. 9) There would be no restriction on the volume of investment minimum or maximum-for the purpose of entry of FIIs, in the primary/secondary market. Also, there would be no lock-in period prescribed for the purposes of such investments made by FIIs. It was expected that the differential in the rates of taxation of the long term capital gains and short term capital gains would automatically induce the FIIs to retain their investments as long term investments. 10) Portfolio investments in primary or secondary markets were subject to a ceiling of 30% of issued share capital for the total holdings of all registered FIIs, in any one company. The ceiling was made applicable to all holdings taking into account the conversions out of the fully and partly convertible debentures issued by the company. The holding of a single FII in any company would also be subject to a ceiling of 10% of total issued capital. For this purpose, the holdings of an FII group would be counted as holdings of a single FII. 11) The maximum holdings of 24% for all non-resident portfolio investments, including those of the registered FIIs, were to include NRI corporate and noncorporate investments, but did not include the following: Foreign investments under financial collaborations (direct foreign investments), which are permitted up to 51% in all priority areas. Investments by FIIs through the following alternative routes: i. Offshore single/regional funds; ii. Global Depository Receipts; iii. Euro convertibles.

23

12) Disinvestment would be allowed only through stock exchange in India, including the OTC Exchange. In exceptional cases, SEBI may permit sales other than through stock exchanges, provided the sale price is not significantly different from the stock market quotations, where available. 13) All secondary market operations would be only through the recognized intermediaries on the Indian Stock Exchange, including OTC Exchange of India. A registered FII would be expected not to engage in any short selling in securities and to take delivery of purchased and give delivery of sold securities. 14) A registered FII can appoint as Custodian an agency approved by SEBI to act as custodian of Securities and for confirmation of transactions in Securities, settlement of purchase and sale, and for information reporting. Such custodian should establish separate accounts for detailing on a daily basis the investment capital utilization and securities held by each FII for which it is acting as custodian. The custodian was supposing to report to the RBI and SEBI semiannually as part of its disclosure and reporting guidelines. 15) The RBI should make available to the designated bank branches a list of companies where no investment will be allowed on the basis of the upper prescribed ceiling of 30% having been reached under the portfolio investment scheme. 16) Reserve Bank of India may at any time request by an order a registered FII to submit information regarding the records of utilization of the inward remittances of investment capital and the statement of securities transactions. Reserve Bank of India and/or SEBI may also at any time conduct a direct inspection of the records and accounting books of a registered FII.

24

17) FIIs investing under this scheme will benefit from a concessional tax regime of a flat rate tax of 20% on dividend and interest income and a tax rate of 10% on long term (one year or more) capital gains. These guidelines were suitably incorporated under the SEBI (FIIs) Regulations, 1995. These regulations continue to maintain the link with the government guidelines through an inserted clause that the investment by FIIs should also be subject to Government guidelines. This linkage has allowed the Government to indicate various investment limits including in specific sectors.

5.2 Market design in India for foreign institutional investors

Foreign Institutional Investors means an institution established or incorporated outside India which proposes to make investment in India in securities. A Working Group for Streamlining of the Procedures relating to FIIs, constituted in April, 2003, inter alia, recommended streamlining of SEBI registration procedure, and suggested that dual approval process of SEBI and RBI be changed to a single approval process of SEBI. This recommendation was implemented in December 2003. Currently, entities eligible to invest under the FII route are as follows: i) As FII: Overseas pension funds, mutual funds, investment trust, asset management company, nominee company, bank, institutional portfolio manager, university funds, endowments, foundations, charitable trusts, charitable societies, a trustee or power of attorney holder incorporated or established outside India proposing to make proprietary investments or with no single investor holding more than 10 per cent of the shares or units of the fund. (ii) As Sub-accounts: The sub account is generally the underlying fund on whose behalf the FII invests. The following entities are eligible to be registered as sub-accounts, viz. partnership firms, private company, public company, pension fund, investment trust, and individuals. 25

FIIs registered with SEBI fall under the following categories: a) Regular FIIs- those who are required to invest not less than 70 % of their investment in equity-related instruments and 30 % in non-equity instruments. b) 100 % debt-fund FIIs- those who are permitted to invest only in debt instruments. The Government guidelines for FII of 1992 allowed, inter-alia, entities such as asset management companies, nominee companies and incorporated/institutional portfolio managers or their power of attorney holders (providing discretionary and nondiscretionary portfolio management services) to be registered as FIIs. While the guidelines did not have a specific provision regarding clients, in the application form the details of clients on whose behalf investments were being made were sought. While granting registration to the FII, permission was also granted for making investments in the names of such clients. Asset management companies/portfolio managers are basically in the business of managing funds and investing them on behalf of their funds/clients. Hence, the intention of the guidelines was to allow these categories of investors to invest funds in India on behalf of their 'clients'. These 'clients' later came to be known as subaccounts. The broad strategy consisted of having a wide variety of clients, including individuals, intermediated through institutional investors, who would be registered as FIIs in India. FIIs are eligible to purchase shares and convertible debentures issued by Indian companies under the Portfolio Investment Scheme.

5.3 Registration Process of FIIs

A FII is required to obtain a certificate by SEBI for dealing in securities. SEBI grants the certificate SEBI by taking into account the following criteria: i) ii) iii) The applicant's track record, professional competence, financial

soundness, experience, general reputation of fairness and integrity. Whether the applicant is regulated by an appropriate foreign regulatory authority. Whether the applicant has been granted permission under the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (46 of 1973) by the Reserve

26

Bank of India for making investments in India as a Foreign Institutional Investor. iv) Whether the applicant is a) an institution established or incorporated outside India as a pension fund, mutual fund, investment trust, insurance company or reinsurance company. b) an International or Multilateral Organization or an agency thereof or a Foreign Governmental Agency or a Foreign Central Bank. c) an asset management company, investment manager or advisor, nominee company, bank or institutional portfolio manager, established or incorporated outside India and proposing to make investments in India on behalf of broad based funds and its proprietary funds in if any or d) university fund, endowments, foundations or charitable trusts or charitable societies. v) vi) Whether the grant of certificate to the applicant is in the interest of the development of the securities market. Whether the applicant is a fit and proper person.

The SEBIs initial registration is valid for a period of three years from the date of its grant of renewal. Investment Conditions and Restrictions for FIIs: A Foreign Institutional Investor may invest only in the following: Securities in the primary and secondary markets including shares, debentures and warrants of companies, unlisted, listed or to be listed on a recognized stock exchange in India. units of schemes floated by domestic mutual funds including Unit Trust of India, whether listed or not listed on a recognized stock exchange. Dated Government securities. Derivatives traded on a recognized stock exchange. Commercial paper. Security receipts.

27

The total investments in equity and equity related instruments (including fully convertible debentures, convertible portion of partially convertible debentures and tradable warrants) made by a Foreign Institutional Investor in India, whether on his own account or on account of his sub- accounts, should not be less than seventy per cent of the aggregate of all the investments of the Foreign Institutional Investor in India, made on his own account and on account of his sub-accounts. However, this is not applicable to any investment of the foreign institutional investor either on its own account or on behalf of its sub-accounts in debt securities which are unlisted or listed or to be listed on any stock exchange if the prior approval of the SEBI has been obtained for such investments. Further, SEBI while granting approval for the investments may impose conditions as are necessary with respect to the maximum amount which can be invested in the debt securities by the foreign institutional investor on its own account or through its subaccounts. A foreign corporate or individual is not eligible to invest through the hundred percent debt route. Even investments made by FIIs in security receipts issued by securitization companies or asset reconstruction companies under the Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 are not eligible for the investment limits mentioned above. No foreign institutional should invest in security receipts on behalf of its sub-account.

5.4 Prohibitions on Investments

FIIs are not permitted to invest in equity issued by an Asset Reconstruction Company. They are also not allowed to invest in any company which is engaged or proposes to engage in the following activities: 1) Business of chit fund 2) Nidhi Company 3) Agricultural or plantation activities 4) Real estate business or construction of farm houses (real estate business does not include development of townships, construction of residential/commercial premises, roads or bridges. 28

5) Trading in Transferable Development Rights (TDRs).

29

5.5 Number of FII registered in India

Chart 4: Number of FII registered in India

Source: Securities and Exchange board of India

With the beginning of FII in India in 1992-93 the number of registrations with SEBI has been increasing ever since. In the year 1995-96 353 FII were registered, this increased to 527 in 2000-01.During 2007-08 1279 registrations have been made which increased to 1609 in 2008-09 According to analysts, the upward revision of economic growth from 5.8 per cent to 6.1 per cent, better-than-expected performance of companies in the quarter ended-June 30, the proposed new direct taxes code that might lead to savings in the tax payers money, and the trade policy with an ambitious target of US$ 200 billion exports for 2010-11 have all revived the confidence of FIIs investing in India. FIIs have made net investments of US$ 10 billion in the first six months (April to September) of 2009-10. A major portion of these investments have come through the primary market, than through buying via secondary markets. (Source: India Brand Equity Foundation) FII inflows into Indian 30

equities have been steady ever since the markets were opened up to FIIs in 1993. With the exception of FY99 and FY09, net flows have been positive. FIIs own a dominant 16% of Indian equities (worth US$147bn) and account for 10-15% of the equity volumes. Although FIIs pulled out US$ 9.77 billion of the Indian equity markets during FY09, they have been quick to return in FY10 and within just the first four months they have nearly made up for the exit, reinvesting US$ 8.50 billion or 87% of the amount that they had pulled out in FY09. (Source: CLSA Asia-Pacific Markets) India is well placed to attract FII flows over the long term. With FIIs holding 16 per cent of equity of India's biggest 500 companies (Source: India Brand Equity Foundation) and as growth in the Indian economy accelerates, FII sentiment is expected to remain positive towards India.Data released by the market regulator, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), shows that the cumulative FII net inflow in equity market has reached $75.12 billion (Rs 325,216 crore) on March 11, from $72.62 billion (Rs 313,838 crore) at the beginning of current calendar year 2010.

31

5.6 Analysis of trends in FII investment

Portfolio investments in India include investments in American Depository Receipts (ADRs)/ Global Depository Receipts (GDRs), Foreign Institutional Investments and investments in offshore funds. Before 1992, only Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Overseas Corporate Bodies were allowed to undertake portfolio investments in India. Thereafter, the Indian stock markets were opened up for direct participation by FIIs. They were allowed to invest in all the securities traded on the primary and the secondary market including the equity and other securities/instruments of companies listed/to be listed on stock exchanges in India. It can be observed from the table below that India is one of the preferred investment destinations for FIIs over the years. As of March 2010, there were 996 FIIs registered with SEBI. India, the second fastest growing economy after China, has recently seen positive foreign institutional investor (FII) inflows driven by the sound fundamentals and growth opportunities. Since 1992-93, when FIIs were allowed entry into Indian financial markets, foreign institutional investment had increased over the years. In tandem with the boom in stock markets and sound global scenario, investments by FIIs into India were quite high in last few years, particularly since 2003-04. However, 2008-09 saw the highest FII outflow in any financial year since inception. This could be attributed to the global financial meltdown and the home bias of FIIs in the crisis.

32

Table no. 5: Net investments of FPI in India-Gross Purchase, Sales

(Amount in Rs crore)

Year 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Gross Purchase (a) 18 5,593 7,631 9,694 15,554 18,695 16,116 56,857 74,051 50,071 47,062 1,44,855 2,16,951 3,46,976 5,20,506 9,48,018 6,14,576

Gross Sales (b) 4 467 2,835 2,752 6,980 12,737 17,699 46,735 64,118 41,308 44,372 99,091 1,71,071 3,05,509 4,89,665 8,81,839 6,60,386

Net Investment (a-b) 13 5,127 4,796 6,942 8,575 5,958 -1,584 10,122 9,933 8,763 2,689 45,764 45,880 41,467 30,841 66,179 -45,811

Percentage 39338% -6% 45% 24% -31% -127% -739% -2% -12% -69% 1602% 0% -10% -26% 115% -169%

The gross purchases of debt and equity by FIIs declined by 35.2 per cent to Rs.6,14,576 crore in 2008-09 from Rs.9,48,018 crore in 2007-08. The combined gross sales by FIIs also declined by 25.1 per cent to Rs.6,60,386 crore from Rs.8,81,839 crore during the same period. The total net outflow of FII was Rs.45,811 crore in 2008-09 as against a net inflow of Rs.66,179 crore in 2007-08. This was the highest net outflow for any financial year so far. There was a negative 169% decrease in the net outflow in 2008-09 as compared to 2007-08.

Chart 5: FPI investments in India

33

Source: Securities and exchange board of India (Annual report)

During 2008-09, there was an outflow from the equity segment amounting to Rs.47,706 crore (Table 2.49). The debt segment, however, witnessed a positive net inflow of Rs.1,895 crore. Month-wise, the net FII outflow was the highest in equity segment in October 2008 (Rs.15,347 crore) and June 2008 (Rs.10,096 crore). In the equity segment, FII investment was negative in nine months of the financial year. In the debt segment, outflow was the highest in March 2009 (Rs.6,420 crore) and October 2008 (Rs.1,858 crore) .

34

Table no. 6: Net investments of FPI in India-Equity and Debt

Year/Month Net Investments by FII Equity Debt Total

2006-07 25,236 5,605 30,841 2007-08 53,404 12,775 66,179 2008-09 -47,706 1,895 -45,811 8-Apr 1,075 -1,702 -627 8-May -5,012 -163 -5,174 8-Jun -10,096 -999 -11,095 8-Jul -1,837 3,619 1,782 8-Aug -1,212 1,258 46 8-Sep -8,278 3,204 -5,074 8-Oct -15,347 -1,858 -17,205 8-Nov -2,598 4,215 1,617 8-Dec 1,750 627 2,377 9-Jan -4,245 802 -3,443 9-Feb -2,437 -688 -3,124 9-Mar 530 -6,420 -5,890 Source: Securities and exchange board of India

The FIIs were permitted to trade in the derivatives market since February 2002. The cumulative FII trading in derivatives was Rs.2,45,653 crore as on March 31, 2009. Reversing the existing trend, open interest position of FIIs in index options was the highest at Rs.19,603 crore by end-March 2009, followed by stock futures (Rs.12,751 crore), index futures (Rs.8,837 crore) and stock options (Rs.602 crore) . This project, in a way, reveals the influence of FIIs investment on movement of Indian stock exchange (national stock exchange of India) during the post liberalization period that is 1991 to 2010. I have applied a simple linear model to estimate the effect of FII on the stock index. The data analysis tools used in the research is correlation and regression.

5.7 Classification of Total FPI investment Table no. 7: Classification of FII in India
(Amount in US $ million) 35

2006-07 Particulars Portfolio investments i) In India of which: FIIs GDRs/ADRs ii) Abroad Credit 10962 0 10953 4 10575 6 3776 86 Debit 10256 0 10253 0 10253 0 0 30 Net 7060 7004 3226 3776 56 Credit 235924 235688 226621 8769 236

2007-08 Debit 206368 206294 206294 0 74 Net 2955 6 2939 4 2032 7 8769 162 Credit 12865 1 12851 1 12734 9 1162 140

2008-09 Debit 14268 5 14236 6 14236 6 0 319 Net -14034 -13855 -15017 1162 -179

Source: Handbook of statistics-RBI

The total FPI in the year 2006-07 was US $ 7060 million this comprised of mainly inlow of FII unto US $ 3226 million and ADR/GDR US$ 3776 million with only US$ 56 millin outflow abroad from India. The total FPI increased to US $ 29556 million pre recession in the global economy. During recession the FPI reduced to greatly to US $ -14034 million mainly to the plow back of money made by developed from India which fell to US $ -13855 in the year 2008-09.

36

5.8 Impact of FII investment on NSE turnover

Source: Handbook of statistics on Indian Economy-RBI, NSE

5.8 Impact of FII investment on BSE turnover

Source: Handbook of statistics on Indian Economy-RBI

37

The recent Sensex crash on January 2008 swept with it a large number of small scale investors while registering a record dip of 2062 points in a day. The major cause of this crash was attributed to the recession in the global economies, especially with the US dollar losing its strength to the Indian rupee. A large amount of equity in the form of shares was floated in the Indian economy as an impact of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) withdrawing their money from the Indian markets. In 1000 points rally from 20,000 to 21,000 FIIs infused Rs. 2403 cr in the equity markets in duration of 49 trading days. The Foreign institutional investors were Net Investors during the 1,000 point rally except for November 2007 where in they were net sellers to the tune of Rs. 5849.90 cr on account of weak global sentiments and crude prices touching new highs. Foreign institutional investors had pumped Rs. 1929.70 cr into Indian stocks this calendar year till 07thJanurary 08. According to the Securities and Exchange Board of India FIIs hold total investments to the tune of Rs. 285398.10 cr in Indian equity market. The number of Registered FII's as on 07th January08 was recorded at 1235. The year 2010 has started off on a positive note for Indian equities, especially in terms of attracting inflows from overseas investors. In the first 15 days of the year, foreign institutional investors (FII) have net purchased Indian equities worth Rs 8,191.6 crore or $1.8 billion, close to the average monthly inflow of Rs 9,852.18 crore witnessed in the past six months. During 2009, FIIs had net purchased equities worth Rs 83,400 crore, the highest so far in a single calendar year. However, it has been seen that many of the overseas investors are heading towards small-and mid-cap stocks rather than large-cap stocks. During the first two weeks of January, the BSE small-cap and mid-cap indices have clearly managed to outperform the 30-share Sensex. The small-cap index had generated a return of 7.33%, while the BSE mid-cap index climbed 4.95%, compared with Bombay Stock Exchange Sensexs marginal gain of 0.51% Foreign institutional investors (FIIs) were gross buyers of shares worth Rs 13,738.80 crore, while they sold equities worth Rs 10,000 crore, resulting in a net investment of 38

Rs 3,738.70 crore, as per the data available with capital market regulator Securities & Exchange Board of India (Sebi). FIIs poured in a record Rs 83,400 crore in the domestic equities in 2009. FIIs were the net investor of Rs 4,417.90 crore in debt instruments, according to the Sebi data. Interestingly, Sensex grew by 0.43% to close at 17,540.29 points during the period under review. Sensex registered an impressive gain of over 81% last year. FIIs investment of Rs 83,400 crore in 2009 was the highest inflow in the country in rupee terms in a single year and came a year after overseas investors pulled out over Rs 50,000 crore Portfolio investors have pumped in a net $1.6 billion into Indian equities within six trading sessions in the new calendar, raising hopes that many overseas fund managers may increase their allocations to India in 2010 Revival in capital inflows gathers momentum The revival in capital flows, which started in financial year 2009-10 and gathered momentum in the second quarter, has remained buoyant even in the third quarter, according to the second-quarter macroeconomic and monetary development report released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Net inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) continued to remain upbeat during the second quarter of 2009-10, reflecting relatively better growth prospects for the economy. In the April-November period, FDI value increased marginally to $25 billion (Rs 1,13,750 crore) from $23.3 billion (Rs 1,06,015 crore) in the corresponding period last year. Portfolio investments, too, continued their upward trend, mainly due to the revival In the period from April 2009 to January 15, 2010, net FII inflows increased to in Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) inflows since the first quarter of 2009-10. $24.7 billion (Rs 1,12,385 crore) compared to an outflow of $12.1 billion (Rs 55,055 crore) in the same period last financial year. Inflows under portfolio investment were led by large purchases of equities by FIIs in the Indian stock market and revival in net inflows under American Depository 39

Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) due to resurgence in stock prices of Indian companies The value of ADRs and GDRs nearly tripled to $3.1 billion in April-November The better than expected macroeconomic performance of India during 2009-10 2009 compared to $1.1 billion in the corresponding period last year. and positive sentiments of global investors about Indias growth prospects are the factors primarily responsible for sustained capital inflows during the year so far, the report said. During the first half of 2009-10, net capital flows were high, mainly driven by foreign investment inflows, particularly reflecting the turnaround in FII inflows. In banking capital, net inflows under NRI deposits remained high

40

6. Foreign Investments FDI and FII

Chart 6: Total Foreign investments in India-FDI and FII

Source: Reserve bank of India

The total foreign investments during the year 2005-06 was Rs 15528 crore with FDI contributing Rs 5915 crore and FPI contributing 12494 crore. There was a substantial increase in the total foreign investments in 2007-08 which was Rs 44957 crore this was due to a fall in the FPI to Rs -3736 crore resulting in the foreign investments to reduce to Rs 4760 crore in 2007-08:Q4.Substantially there was a decline in the total investments due to a constant reduction in FPI in the subsequent years. In 2008-09 the total FPI was Rs -14035 crore due to which the total foreign investments came down to Rs 3463 crore even though the FDI was at Rs 278080 crore.

41

7. KEY FINDING
For objective 1
a) Net FDI in India was valued at $ 7693 million in the 200607 Indian fiscal year, and nearly doubled, to $ 15401 million, in the 200708 fiscal year. Almost 35 % of the FDI is invested in the Mumbai followed by 19% in New Delhi. b) By country, the largest investors in India are Mauritius, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Investors based in many countries have taken advantage of the India-Mauritius bilateral tax treaty to set up holding companies in Mauritius which subsequently invest in India, thus reducing their tax obligations. c) By industry, the largest destinations for FDI are electrical equipment (including computer software and electronics), services, telecommunications, and transportation.

For objective 2
There may be many other factors on which a stock index may depend i.e. Government policies, budgets, bullion market, inflation, economic and political condition of the country, FDI, Re./Dollar exchange rate etc. But for my study I have selected only one independent variable i.e. FII and dependent variable is indices of nifty.

Table no. 8: Co relation of FII with Indices

Indices Sensex Bankex Power IT Capital Goods Co-relation with FII 0.80 0.18 0.33 0.13 0.44

42

From the above table we can say that FII has a positive impact on all the indices which means that if FIIs come in India then it is goods for the Indian economy. FIIs have more co-relation with Sensex so we can say that they are mostly invest in big and reputed companies which are included in Sensex. According to findings and results, we have concluded that FII did have significant impact on Sensex but there is less co-relation with Bankex and IT results (may be). Also FII is not the only factor affecting the stock indices. There are other major factors that influence the bourses in the stock market.

Table no. 9: Correlation and Regression matrix

Correlation with FII Multiple R R2 Standard Error observation 0.651 0.651 0.423 575.658 180 0.634 0.634 0.402 1229.644 87 -0.159 0.159 0.025 898.820 51 -0.191 0.191 0.036 12896.703 135 0.656 0.656 0.431 1319.629 138 0.540 0.540 0.292 670.583 94

S&P CNX NIFTY BANK NIFTY CNX 100 CNX IT CNX NIFTY JUNIOR S&P CNX 500

1. Impact of FII on S&P CNX Nifty: The effect of FII on Nifty is positive and the coefficient of correlation is high so the effect is also high. The standard error comes out to be 575.658 which are high. This does not mean the relation is false but we can say that the error in linear relation is high. 2. Impact of FII on Bank Nifty: The effect of FII on Bank Nifty is positive. So, FII is directly related to Bank Nifty. But the co-efficient of correlation is high so the effect is also high. The standard error comes out to be 1229.644 which are very high. This means that the deviation from the mean value is high. This does not mean the relation is false but we can say that the error in linear relation is high. The value of multiple-R is also high. We can say that FII have significant impact on Bank Nifty during the period of 31January-2000 to 30-March-09.

43

3. Impact of FII on CNX 100: CNX 100 is inversely related to FII for the period of 31January-03- 30-March-2009. But the extent of impact is low as co-efficient of correlation is -0.159. 4. Impact of FII on CNX IT: FII has inversely little significant relation with CNX IT, as the value of correlation is -0.191. This does not mean that there is no relation at all between them. It shows the absence of linear relation between the two variables but not a lack of relationship altogether. 5. Impact of FII on CNX NIFTY JUNIOR: CNX NIFTY JUNIOR directly related to FII for the period of 31-Oct-1995- 30-March-2009. But the value of R is high so the degree of relation is also high low. Standard error in this case is 1319.6 which is high compared to other standard errors between FII and other stock indices. 6. Impact of FII on S&P CNX 500: S&P CNX 500 is also highly correlated with FII. In this case again the degree of relation is high. One of the reasons for high degree of any linear relation can also be due to the sample data. The data was taken on monthly basis. The data on daily basis can give more positive Monthly average turnover of all the indices has been taken. For FIIs monthly average of the net investments made by them in the Indian capital market is taken. Net Investments = gross purchases gross sales (fig. is in Rs crore) Use of Model: A simple linear relationship has been shown between two variables using correlation and regression as the data analysis tools. One variable is dependent and the other is independent. I have taken FII as the independent variable while the stock index has been taken as dependent variable. The impact of FII has been separately analyzed with each of the index. So, correlation and regression has been separately run between FII and six indices taking one index at a time with help of Microsoft excel. Inference: If the hypothesis holds good then we can infer that FIIs have significant impact on the Indian capital market. This will help the investors to decide on their investments in 44

stocks and shares. If the hypothesis is rejected, or in other words if the null hypothesis is accepted, then FIIs will have no significant impact on the Indian bourses. Regression Analysis: This analysis tool performs linear regression analysis by using the "least squares" method to fit a line through a set of observations. I can analyze how a single dependent variable is affected by the values of one or more independent variables for example, how an athlete's performance is affected by such factors as age, height, and weight. Correlation: This analysis tool and its formulas measure the relationship between two data sets that are scaled to be independent of the unit of measurement. The population correlation calculation returns the covariance of two data sets divided by the product of their standard deviations. I can use the Correlation tool to determine whether two ranges of data move together that is, whether large values of one set are associated with large values of the other (positive correlation), whether small values of one set are associated with large values of the other (negative correlation), or whether values in both sets are unrelated (correlation near zero).

45

8. CONCLUSION
For objective 1:
The process of economic reforms which was initiated in July 1991 to liberalize and globalize the economy had gradually opened up many sectors of its economy for the foreign investors. A large number of changes that were introduced in the countrys regulatory economic policies heralded the liberalization era of the FDI policy regime in India and brought about a structural breakthrough in the volume of the FDI inflows into the economy maintained a fluctuating and unsteady trend during the study period. It might be of interest to note that more than 50% of the total FDI inflows received by India during the period from 1991-2010 came from Mauritius and the USA. The main reason for higher levels of investment from Mauritius was that the fact that India entered into a double taxation avoidance agreement (DTAA) with Mauritius were protected from taxation in India. Among the different sectors, the electrical and equipment had received the larger proportion followed by service sector and telecommunication sector.

For objective 2:
According to findings and results, I concluded that FII did have high significant impact on the Indian capital market. Therefore, the alternate hypothesis is accepted. S&P CNX NIFTY, BANK NIFTY, CNX NIFTY JUNIOR, S&P CNX 500 showed positive correlation but CNX 100, CNX IT showed negative correlation with FII. Also the degree of relation was high in all the case. It shows high degree of linear relation between FII and stock index. This shows that there is relationship between them. One of the reasons for high degree of any linear relation can also be due to the sample data. The data was taken on monthly basis. The data on daily basis can give more positive results (may be). Also FII is not the only factor affecting the stock indices. There are other major factors that influence the bourses in the stock market. I also analyzed that FII had significant impact on the stock index for the period starting from January 1991 to March 2007. The sample data available for other indices like BANK NIFTY, CNX 100, 46

S&P CNX 500 was low with just 51, 87 and 94 respectively observations that have also hampered the results. According to findings and results, we have concluded that FII did have significant impact on Sensex but there is less co-relation with Bankex and IT. One of the reasons for high degree of any linear relation can also be due to the sample data. The data was taken on monthly basis. The data on daily basis can give more positive results (may be). Also FII is not the only factor affecting the stock indices. There are other major factors that influence the bourses in the stock market.

47

9. REFERENCES

9.1 Internet sites: a) www.rbi.org.in b) www.google.com c) www.fdimagazine.com d) www.members.aol.com/RTMadaan1/sectors e) http://dipp.nic.in/fdi_statistics/india_fdi_index.htm f) www.nseindia.com g) www.sebi.gov.in h) www.bseindia.com i) www.financeexpress.com j) www.sebi.gov.in 9.2 Journals: a) ICFAI Journal: E.g. the ICFAI journal of public finance, issue- February, vol. VI. b) Handbook of statistics on the Indian securities market 2009. 9.3 Books: a) Foreign direct investment in India by Lata Chakravarthy. b) FDI (issues in emerging economies) by K. Seethe Pathi. c) Foreign institutional investors by G Gopal Krishna Murthy.

48