SURVIVAL OF PLANTS

Seed and fruit dispersal Various ways plants disperse their seeds and fruits

Seed and Fruit Dispersal

Plants cannot move freely Need to disperse seeds and fruits away from parent plants Scattering far away from parent plants

Advantages of Seed and Fruit Dispersal

Reduces competition

Plants grow healthily

Reduces overcrowding

New localities

Dispersal Methods
Seeds and fruits have special characteristics which help dispersal agent to disperse the seeds. Seeds and fruits can be dispersed by

Dispersal Agent - Water

Characteristics :
Plants live near seas, rivers and marshes Fruit has waxy and waterproof coverings prevent water from entering the fruits Air spaces enable fruits to float in water Husk can trap air

Dispersal Agent - Water

Pong-pong

Pinang fruit

Coconut

Lotus

Dispersal Agent - Wind

Characteristics :
Small Light Dry Wing-like structure Fine hairs

Dispersal Agent - Wind

Shorea

Angsana

Coconut

Dandelion

Dispersal Agent - Animal

*Eat the fruits but discard the seeds*

Characteristics :
Big seeds Brightly coloured fruit Fragrant Fleshy friuts Edible

Dispersal Agent - Animal

*Eat the fruits as well as seeds and pass out the seeds in the faeces*

Characteristics :
Small hard seeds Brightly coloured fruit Fragrant Fleshy fruits Edible

Dispersal Agent - Animal

*Transport fruits that stick to the body of the animals*

Characteristics :
Dry Have hooks Light Have spines Not edible

Dispersal Method- Explosive Mechanism

Characteristics :
Dry and hard when ripe When matured, the fruit wall will split and curl suddenly, throwing the seeds out.

Dispersal Method Explosive Mechanism

Rubber seed Balsam

Ladies finger (okra)

Flame of the forest

 The main function of seeds is to ensure that the plant species continues to exist The dispersal of seeds and fruits ensures the survival of the species

QUIZ
mimosa orchid Love grass meranti Watermelon balsam pinang Rubber seed

papaya

lotus

durian

lallang

angsana

dandelion

coconut

Guava

urena

Pong-pong

Okra

Flame of the forest