Responses To Criticism

gFjp -03
Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fSk; gjpy;fSk;.
E}y; : ,];yhj;jpd; ghh;itapy; ]`hghf;fs; Nghl;bf;fhd gFjp: Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fSk; gjpy;fSk;
,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wpa mj;jid gpupTfSk; jq;fisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf> jq;fSf;F vjpuhd tplaq; f is ]`hghf; f s; mwptpf; F k; N ghJ mtHfis tpkHrpg;gjw;Fj; jiyg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa FOf;fspy; \P M f; f s; kpfTk; Kf; f pakhdtHfs; . ,tHfs; xU rpy ]`hghf;fisj;jtpu kw;w vy;NyhiuAk; 'fhgpHfs;" vd;Wk; 'Kdhgpf;Ffs;" vd;Wk; tpkHrpf;fpd;wdH. \PMf;fsplk; Vd; ,g;gb tpkHrpf;fpwPHfs; vd;W Nfl;lhy; vJTk; njupahj my;yJ ,];yhk; gw; w pa mbg; g il mwptpy; y hjtHfis Vkhw; w rpy nehz;br;rhl;Lf;fisAk; jpupGgLj;jg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. me;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fspd; cz;ik epiyiaAk; mjd; Ra&gj;ijAk; ,e;jg;gFjpapy; Nehf;FNthk;.
157
,]; y hj; j pd;
ghHitapy;
]`hghf; f s;
M.B.M. ,];khapy; (kjdp)
158
]`hghf;fs; khHf;fj;ij kiwj;jhHfsh?

]`hghf;fs; khHf;fj;jpy; mjpfkhdtw;iw kiwj;J tpl;ljhfTk;> m`;Yy;igj;fs; gw;wp egpatHfs; nrhd;dtw;iwAk;> jq;fs; Raeyj;jpw;fhfTk; kiwj;Jtpl;ljhf \PMf;fs; xU gpur;rhuj;ij Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,jd; cz;ik epiyia ,q;F mtjhdpg;Nghk;. vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Kd;dhy; my;yh`; jd; khHf;fj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;shd;. ~~ehk; jhd; ,e;j my;FHMid ,wf;fpNdhk;@ ehk;jhd; ,ijg; ghJfhg;Nghk;.|| vdNt ,iwthf;fpy; ek;gpf;if itj;Js;s vtUk; egpapd; nra;jpfis my;yh`; ghJfhj;Js;shd; vd;gjpNyh my;yJ vtUk; re; N jfg; g lhj mbg; g ilapy; mtdJ ghJfhg; G mike;jpUf;Fk; vd;gjpNyh re;Njfg;glkhl;lhHfs;. mt;thW re;Njfg;gLNthH K/kPd;fshfTk; ,Uf;f KbahJ. ekJ ,];yhkpa khHf;fj;ij my;yh`; ]`hghf;fs; %yKk; mtHfSf; F g; gpwF te; j jhgp<d; f s; %yKk; ghJfhj;Js;shd;. ,jNdhL njhlHGgLk; mj;jidNgUila tuyhWfSk; ve; j re; N jfKk; Vw; g lhj mbg; g ilapy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thW 1000000 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;ltHfspd; tuyhWfs; ghJfhf; f g; g l; L s; s d. ,e; j khHf; f j; i jg; ghJfhj; j tHfspy; Kjd; i kahdtHfs; ]`hghf; f s; . ]`hghf;fs; tplaj;jpy; xUtd; Fiw fz;lhy; mjd; gpwF mtdhy; my;-FHMidNah> ]_d;dhitNah vLf;f KbahJ. vdNt ,t; t hW Fw; w k; Rkj; J gtHfs; ,]; y hj; i jNa FopNjhz;bg;Gijf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwhHfs; vd;gijNa vk;khy; Gupe;Jnfhs;s KbfpwJ. ,e;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis Rkj;JgtHfis ehk; ghHj;jhy; ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspapy; nrd;Wtpl;ltHfs;> mtHfs; ]yhk; nrhd; d hy; $ l gjpy; nrhy; y f; $ lhJ vd; W ,khk; f shy; Rl; b f; f hl; l g; g Lfpd; w FOthd \P M f; f s; j hd; ,t; t hW
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,]; y hj; j pd; ghHitapy; ]`hghf; f s;
nrhy; f pd; w dH. vdNt> ,J vkJ ek; g pf; i ff; F k; vkJ nfhs;iffSf;Fk; vt;tpjj; jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jhJ A+jHfspd; topj; N jhd; w y; f shd ,tHfspd; gpur; r huj; j hy; ehk; ghjpg;gilaNtz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. ]`hghf;fs; kiwj;Jtpl;ljhf \PMf;fs; Fw;wk;rhl;Lk; mj;jid `jP];fSk; \PMf;fspd; mbg;gilf;nfhs;iffis epWTtdthfTk; mtw;Wf;F capHnfhLg;gdthfTk; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. nra;jpfshFk;. cz;ik vd;dntdpy; Muk; g j; j py; vijAk; ftdpf; f hky; ,g; D ]g,dhy; ,];yhj;ijAk; A+jj;ijAk; NrHj;J \PM vd;w ngaupy; xU Gjpa khHf;fk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; mbg;gilf; nfhs;if ,];yhj;jpd; %yhjhuq;fSf;Fk; mbg;gil tplaq;fSf;Fk; Kuz;gLtjhf mike;jjhy; mij Vw;Wf;nfhz;ltHfSf;F kj;jpapy; rpe;jidr; rpf;fiy Vw;gLj;jTk; VidatHfshy; tpkHrpf;fg;glTk; toptFj;jJ. ,ij mwpe;Jnfhz;l ,e;j A+jg;gps;isfs; ,e;j tpkHrdq;fs; mj;jidf;Fk; gjpy; nrhy;yTk; jq;fs; nfhs;ifia jf;fitj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; fz;l ,yFthd topNa ,e;jf;Fw;wr;rhl;lhFk;. fhuzk; ,e;jf;Fw;wr;rhl;ilr;nrhy;Yk; vtUk; jhd; epidj;jtw;iwnay;yhk; khHf;fk; vd;W nrhy;yyhk; Mjhuk; Nfl;lhy; jhd; vOjpatw;iwNa vLj;Jf;fhz;gpf;fyhk;. tpsf;fk; Nfl;lhy; ,ij ]`hghf;fs; kiwj;Jtpl;lhHfs; vd;W ,yFthf jg;gptplyhk;. vdNt ,e;jf;Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fnsy;yhk; cs;Nehf;fk; nfhz;lit vd;gij czHe;Jnfhs;syhk;. ]`hghf;fspd; tuyhw;iwg;gbj;j vtUk; ,f;Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;skl;lhH. egp mtHfs; kPJ ngha; nrhy;tjw;F mjpfk; gae;j ]`hghf;fs; egpatHfs; nrhd;d nra;jpfis kiwg;gjw;Fk; gae;jhHfs;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; jd;Dila ve;j rigia Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJk;> ~~vd; kPJ ,l;Lf;fl;LgtHfs; jdJ jq;Fkplj;ij eufkhf;fpf; nfhs;sl;Lk;|| (G`hup>K];ypk;) vd;w nghUs;gLk; `jPi]f; $wpNa Muk;gpg;ghHfs;. ,J `jP];fis mwptpg;gjpy; mtH
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ve;jstpw;F mtjhdkhf ele;jpUf;fpwhH vd;gijAk; gagf;jpNahL `jP];fis mwptpj;jpUf;fpwhH vd;gijAk; Rl;bf;fhl;Ltjhf mike;Js;sJ. mNjNtis ehd; ,iwtDila mUs;kiwapypUe;J 02 (02:159>160) trdq;fisf; Nfl;buhtpl;lhy; xU nra;jpiaNaDk; mwptpj;jpUf;fkhl;Nld; vd;fpwhH. ,J mtH khHf; f j; i j kiwf; f f; $ lhJ vd; g jpy; ve; j sTf; F mtjhdkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhH vd;gijf;fhl;LfpwJ. ehDk; cika;ah gpd; i]j; vDk; fpisahiur;NrHe;j xUtUk; Njhouhf;fg;gl;bUe;Njhk; egpatHfsplk; xt;nthU ehisf;F xt;nthUtH nry;tjhfTk; kw;wtH taypy; Ntiy nra;tjhfTk; ehl;fisg; gpupj;Jf;nfhz;Nlhk;. md;iwajpdk; ehd; fw;w nra;jpfis taypy; ,Uf;Fk; vdJ md;]hupj ;Njhouplk; nrhy;Ntd; mtUk; mt;thNw nrhy;thH vd;W ckH mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. (G`hup 89> K];ypk;) ,g; D k]; C j; mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs; . ~~ehk; ,iwtDila Ntjj;jpypUe;J 10 trdq;fisf; fw;Wf;nfhs;Nthk; mij eilKiwg;gLj;jp kw;wtHfSf;F vj;jpitj;J mky; nra;ahky;> mjw;Fg;gpd;dhy; ,wq;fpa 10 trdq;fis ehk; fw;Wf;nfhs;s khl;Nlhk;.|| vd;fpwhHfs;. (]_dd; my;-Fg;uh> jgfhJy; Fg;uh) ,t;thW ]`hghf;fs; egpatHfsplkpUe;J fw;Wf;nfhz;l nra;jpfisnay;yhk; kw;wtHfSf;Ff; fw;Wf;nfhLg;gjpy; fhl;ba <Lghl;bw;F Vuhskhd cjhuzq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,e;j khHf;fj;ij kw;wtHfSf;Fr; nrhy;tJk; gug;GtJk; mij mwpe; j tHfspd; nghWg; G vd; W egp mtHfs; nrhd; d NjhL my; - FHMDk; m]; - ]_d; d hTk; mg; g br; nra;gtHfSf;fhd ntFkjpfisAk; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ~~fhyj;jpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf kdpjd; e\;lj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhd;> tpRthrq; n fhz; L ew; f Ukq; f isAk; nra; J rj; j paj; i j xUtUf;nfhUtH cgNjrk; nra;J nghWikiaf; nfhz;Lk; xUtUf;nfhUtH cgNjrpf;fpwhHfNs mj;jifNahiuj;jtpu.|| (103: 1>2>3)
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~~(tpRthrq;nfhz;NlhNu!) kdpjHfSf;fhf Njhw;Wtpffg;gl;l ; (rKjhaj;jhHfspnyy;yhk;) kpf;f Nkd;ikahd rKjhakhf ePqfs; ,Uf;fpwPHfs;. (Vnddpy;) ed;ikahd fhupaq;fis ePqfs; ; ; VTfpwPHfs;. jPikia tpl;Lk; (mtHfis ) ePqfs; tpyf;FfpwPHfs;. ; NkYk; ePq;fs; my;yh`;it tpRthrpf;fpd;wPHfs;" (3:110) ~~vd;idg;gw;wp xU trdk; (tplak;) njupe;jhYk; mij vj;jp itAq;fs;|| (G`hup> jpHkpjp> m`;kj;) ~~ahH xU ey;y tplaj;ij kw;wtHfSf;Ff; fw;Wf;nfhLf;fpwhNdh mtDf;F mij nra;gtDf;F fpilf;Fk; ed;ik Nghd;w ed;ik fpilf;fpd;wJ.|| (K];ypk;> mG+jhTj;> jpHkpjp) ~~,d;Dk; (tpRthrq;nfhz;NlhNu) cq;fspy; xU $l;lj;jhH -mtHfs; (kdpjHfis) ed;ikapd; ghy; miof;fpd;wtHfshfTk;> ey; y ijf; n fhz; L (kf; f is) VTfpd; w tHfshfTk; > jP a nray; f spypUe; J (mtHfis) tpyf; F fpd; w tHfshfTk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. mtHfNs ntw;wp ngw;NwhH." (3:104) ,t;thW Vuhskhd trdq;fis ,jw;F cjhuzkhff; $wyhk; ,]; y hj; i jg; gpd; g w; W tjpYk; egpatHfspd; thHj;ijfis mZTk; jtwhky; mg;gbNa eilKiwg; g Lj; J tjpYk; mjpf MHtk; nfhz; b Ue; j ]`hghf;fs; epiyahd jHkkhfpa ,e;j khngUk; gzpia nra;ahky; khHf;fj;ij kiwj;J jq;fs; kWik tho;Tf;F Mg;Gitf;f xUNghJk; tpUk;gkhl;lhHfs;. vdNt ,e;j khHf;fj;ijAk; mij Vw;wtHfisAk; ghJfhf;f jq;fs; capiuAk; Jr;rkhf kjpj;j ]`hghf;fs;> khHf;fj;ij kiwj;J kWikia tPzhf;fptpl;lhHfs; vd;gJ kpfg; ngUk; gopahFk;. ahnuy;yhk; ]`hghf;fs; tplaj;jpy; ,t;thwhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis Rkj;JfpwhHfNsh mtHfs; tplaj;jpy; re;Njfk;nfhz;L mtjhdkhf elf;f ehk; flikg;gl;Ls;Nshk;.
162
]`hghf;fs; gpj;mj;thjpfsh?
~~ehd; mwpe;j vd;idj;njupe;j gy kdpjHfs; ehis kWikapy; ehd; `t;Oy; nfsjupy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mijNehf;fp tUthHfs;. mg;NghJ mijtpl;Lk; mtHfs; jLf;fg;gLthHfs;. mg;NghJ ehd;> ',iwth! mtHfs; vdJ NjhoHfs; (]`hgpfs;)" vd;W nrhy;Ntd;. mjw;F cdf;Fg;gpwF mtHfs; vijnay;yhk; cUthf;fpdhHfs; vd;gJ ckf;Fj; njupahJ vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk;.|| (G`hup 4740) ,e;j MjhuG+Htkhd nra;jpiar; rpyH jtwhf tpsq;fpf; nfhz;L ]`hghf;fis gpj;mj;thjpfs; vd;W tpkHrpf;fpd;wdH. \PMf;fs; Nghd;w ]`hghf;fs; kPJ nfhûkhd fUj;Jf;fis tpijf;fpd;wtHfspd; kpfg;ngUk; Mjhuq;fspnyhd;whfTk; ,e;j nra; j p ,Uf; f pwJ. ,JNghyNt rpyH ,e; j r; nra; j papy; egpatHfspd; ]`hghf; f s; `t; O y; ft; j upypUe; J Juj;jg;gLthHfs; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpwNj ,e;j khHf;fj;ijg; ghJfhf;f jq;fs; capiuAk; Jr;rkhf kjpj;j ]`hghf;fSf;Nf ,e;j epiyah? mtHfs; khHf;fj;ij tpl;L ntspNawpatHfs; vd;gjw;F `jP]; Mjhuq;fs; cz;lh? vd;w Iaj;NjhLk; ftiyNahLk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH. NkNy ehk; Fwpg;gpl;l `jPi] mwpQHfs; gy topfspy; tpsf;f Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdH. mtw;wpy; rpytw;iw ,q;Nf jUfpNwd;. ,q;Nf egpatHfs; ]`hghf;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLNthH egpatHfspd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j Kdhgpf;Ffis (,];yhj;ij ntspg;gLj;jp epuhfhpg;ig kiwj;J tho;e;Njhiu) f; Fwpf;Fk;. ,tHfspy; rpyiu my;yh`;tpd; mwptpg;gpd; gb egpatHfSf;Fj; njupAk;> kw;Wk; rpyiuj; njupahJ vy;NyhiuAk; ]`hghf;fs; vd;Nw egpatHfs; fUjpdhHfs;. ,iwtd; 63:1>2 y; mtHfs; gw;wp gpdtUkhW FwpggpLfpwhd;. ; ; '(egpNa!) eatQ;rfHfs; ck;kplk; te;jhy;> 'epr;rakhf ePH
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my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu vd ehq;fs; rhl;rp $Wfpd;Nwhk;" vd;W $WtH. epr;rakhf ePH mtdJ J}jH vd;gij my;yh`; ed;fwpthd;. epr;rakhf ,e;eatQ;rfHfs; ngha;aHfNs vd my;yh`; rhl;rp $Wfpd;whd;. mtHfs; jkJ rj;jpaq;fisf; Nflakhf vLj;Jf;nfhz;L> mjdhy; my;yh`;tpd; ghijia tpl;Lk; (gpwiuj;) jLf;fpd;wdH. epr;rakhf mtHfs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jJ kpff; nfl;ljhFk;." egpatHfSld; ,Ue;j rpy Kdhgpf;Ffis egpatHfSf;Fj; njupahjpUe;jJ vd;gij gpd;tUk; trdj;jpy; my;yh`; njspTgLj;Jfpd;whd;. 'cq;fisr; #oTs;s fpuhkg;Gw mugpfspy; eatQ;rfHfSk; cs;sdH. NkYk;> kjPdh thrpfspYk; eatQ;rfj;jpy; Cwpj; jpioj;NjhH cs;sdH. (egpNa!) ePH mtHfis mwpakhl;BH. ehk; mtHfis ed; f wpNthk; . mtHfis ehk; ,UKiw jz;bg;Nghk;. gpd;dH fLikahd Ntjidapd;ghy; mtHfs; kPl;lg;gLthHfs;" (9:101) egp mtHfSf;Fg;gpd; kjk; khwpatHfisNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;. egp mtHfspd; ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;l ,];yhj;jpy; rupahd njsptpy;yhj gyH egpapd; kuzj;NjhL kjk; khwpdhHfs; ,tHfisNa egpatHfs; jdJ NjhoHfs; vd; W miog; g hHfs; . vd; W rpy mwpQHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. ~]`hgp| vd;why; mugpapy; xd;whf ,Ue;j vy;NyhiuAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,e;j mHj;jj;jpNyNa me;j `jP]py; egpatHfs; me;j thHj;ijiag; gad;gLj;jpAs;shHfs; vd;W kw;Wk; rpy mwpQHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. mjhtJ ,];yhkpa tof;fpy; nrhy;tijg; Nghd;W ~~egpatHis <khd; nfhz;l epiyapy; mtHfisr; re;jpj;J ,];yhj;jpy; kuzpj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;|| vd;gjy;y. nghJthf egpatHfis fz;l re;jpj;j vy;NyhiuAk; ,e;j `jP]; Fwpf;fpd;wJ vd;W ,d;Dk; rpy mwpQHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH.
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,ij egpatHfspd; ,d;DnkhU nra;jpAk; njspT gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; ]g/ vDk; Kdhgpf;Ffspd; jiytidf; nfhiynra;a egpatHfsplk; mDkjp Nfl;lNghJ egpatHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;: |,y;iy Ntz;lhk; K`k;kj; jd; NjhoHfisf; nfhiynra;fpwhd;| vd;W kf;fs; epidj;J tpLthHfs; vd;W nrhy;yp mjw;F jiltpjpf;fpwhHfs; ,q;Nf egpatHfis cz;ikahfNt <khd; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ftdpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ rpyNghJ egpatHfis re;jpf;fhj egpatHfspd; r%fj;ijf; Fwpf;fTk; ~]`hgp| vd;w thHj;ij gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j fUj;jpdbg;gilapYk; ehk; NkNy Rl;bf;fhl;ba `jP]py; ]`hgp vd;w thHj;ijiag; gad;gLj;jpapUf;fyhk; vd;W kw;Wk; rpyH Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. Fwpj;j ,e;j `jPi] ]`hghf;fisf; Fiw fhZk; tpjj;jpy; \PMf;fs; khj;jpuNk gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. ,tHfisj; jtpu ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wpa ve;jf;FOTk; ,e;j `jPi] ]`hghf;fisf; Fiwfhz gad;gLj;jpajpy;iy. mjdhy; \PMf;fsplk; ehk; xU Nfs;tpia Nfl;fyhk;. myp > ghjpkh > `]d; > `_i]d; > ]y;khDy;; ghup]p Nghd;w ePq;fs; Nghw;Wfpd;w ,tHfs; Nghd;wtHfnsy;yhk; ]`hghf;fspy;jhNd mlq;Ffpd;wdH. vdNt ,tHfSk; ehis kWikapy; `t; O y; nfsjupypUe; J Juj; j g; g LthHfsh? ]`hghf;fis egpatHfs; tpul;LthHfs; vd;why; ,tHfisAk; tpul;lj;jhNd Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb tpul;lg;glkhl;lhHfs; vd;W cq;fshy; gjpy; nrhy;y KbAkh? mg;gbr; nrhd;dhy; ve;j Mjhuj;jpdbg;gilapy; nrhy;fpwPHfs; vd;W nrhy;yKbAkh? epr;rakhf KbahJ. mg;gb ePq;fs; nrhd;dhYk; cq;fshy; ,k; r pf; f g; g Lk; Vida ]`hghf; f Sf; F te; j pUf; F k; nra;jpfisg;Nghd;w nra;jpfisj;jhd; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJ ehk; ,e;j `jP]; tplaj;jpy; Rl;bf;fhl;ba ,khk;fspd; fUj;Jf;fspy; Vjhtnjhd;Wf;F ePq;fSk; te;jhfNtz;Lk;.
165
]`hghf;fs; `_ijgpahtpy; itj;J egpatHfis epuhfupjJ ; ,];yhj;ijtpl;Lk; nrd;W tpl;lduh?

egpatHfSk; ]`hghf;fSk; `p[;up Mwhk; Mz;L ck;wh nra;tjw;fhf kf;fhTf;Fr; nrd;whHfs;. Mdhy; ck;wh nra;ahky; `_ijgpah vd;w ,lj;jpy; itj;J jLf;fg;gLfpwhHfs;. mq;Nf mtHfSf;Fk; kf;fhtpd; Kf;fpa Gs;spfSf;Fkpilapy; xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gLfpwJ. gpd;G me;j ,lj;jpNyNa Kbiaf; fisAkhWk; > nfhz; L te; j gpuhzpfis mWj; J me; j ,lj;jpNyNa gypapLkhWk; VTfpwhHfs;. Mdhy; ]`hghf;fs; ahUk; mijr; nra;atpy;iy. egpatHfs; Nfhgg;gLfpwhHfs;. mtH jd; kidtp ck;K ]ykh mtHfsplk; nrd;whHfs;. egpatHfspd; Kfj;jpy; Nfhgj;ij mk;ikahH mtHfs; fhz;fpwhHfs;. mg;NghJ> ~ahH cq;fisf; Nfhgg;gLj;jpdhHfs;? ahH cq; f isf; Nfhgg; g Lj; j pdhNuh my; y h`; mtiuf; Nfhgpg;ghd; vd;whHfs;. egpatHfs; ~ehd; vg;gb Nfhgg; g lhkypUg; N gd; . ehd; xd; i w nrhy; f pNwd; mij gpd;gw;whky; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.| vd;whHfs;. (e]<) mjhtJ ,q;Nf ck;K ]ykh mtHfs; egpatHfSf;F MWjy; nrhy;Yk; mNjNtis egpatHfs; Nfhgg;gLtjpd; mghaj;ijAk; czHj;JfpwhHfs;. ,e;jr; nra;jpia itj;J \PMf;fs; ]`hghf;fis Fiwfhz; f pd; w dH. ]`hghf; f s; egpatHfs; capUld; ,Uf;Fk;NghNj egpatHfSf;F Kd;dhNyNa mtiu mtHfs; gpd;gw;wtpy;iy> mtUf;F fl;Lg;gltpy;iy. mtHfs; capUld; ,Uf;Fk;NghNj ,g;gb nad;why; mtHfs; kuzpj;jgpwF Nfl;fth Ntz;Lk;. vd;W JHg;gpur;rhuk; nra;fpd;wdH. cz;ikapy; kUz;ltd; fz;Zf;F ,Uz;lnjy;yhk; Nga; vd;gijg;Nghy ,e;j \PMf;fs; ]`hghf;fis Fiwfhz Ntz;Lk; vd;W KbT nra;J tpl;lhHfs;. mjdhy; mtHfspd; nfhs;iff;F vitnayhk; Mjhuk; vd;W epidf;fpwhHfNsh!
166
mtw; i wnay; y hk; jq; f spd; kpfg; n gUk; Mjhuq; f shff; Rl; b f; f hl; L tJ mtHfspd; toikahfptpl; l J. rpyNghJ mtHfspd; nfhs;ifia mbNahL jfHf;ff;$bajhf mtHfspd; Mjhuq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. mijAk; mtHfs; ghHf;fkhl;lhHfs;. Mjhuk; fpilj;j mtruj;jpy; mitfis Kd;itj;JtpLthHfs;. mJNghy; Kd;gpd; ghHf;fhky; mtHfshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l MjhukhfNt ,ijAk; ehk; mtjhdpf;fKbfpwJ. cz; i kapy; ]`hghf; f s; ,q; N f egpatHfSf; F Kuz;gltpy;iy khwhf f/ghTf;Fr; nry;yNtz;Lk; vd;w MHtk; mtHfSf;F mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ ,jdhy; xUNtis egpatHfs; nrhy;tij khw;wp t`p ,wq;fhjh my;yJ ,wq;FNkh vd;W epidj;J rw;W jhkjpjjhHfs;. egpatHfSf;F khWnra;a Ntz;Lk;. ; vd;w vz;zk; xU tPjNkDk; mtHfSf;fpUe;jjpy;iy. Vnddpy; rpyNghJ egpatHfspd; jPHg;Gf;F Kuzhf ,iwtdpd; nra;jpfs; ,wq;fpapUf;fpwJ vd;gJ mtHfSf;Fj;njupAk;. ,jidNa me;j nra;jpia KOikahfg; ghHg;gtHfs; njupe;Jnfhs;tH. `_ijgpahtpy; ,lk; n gw; w epfo; t pd; KbtpNy egpatHfSf;F ck;K ]ykh mtHfs;> mtupd; jiy Kbia kopfFkhWk;> FHghdpia mWf;FkhWk>; mjd; %yk; kw;wtHfSf;F ; nray; %yk; czHj;JkhWk; MNyhrid nrhd;dhHfs;. mij egpatHfs; eilKiwg;gLj;jpdhHfs; clNd ]`hghf;fs; ,Jjhd; KbT. ,jw;Fg;gpwF ,jpy; khw;wkpy;iy vd;W njupe;Jnfhs;fpwhHfs; vy;NyhUk; Nghl;bNghl;Lf;nfhz;L mij eilKiwg;gLj;jpdhHfs; vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> egpatHfSf;F khWnra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fk; mtHfsplk; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mtHfs; mt;thW epiwNtw;wp ,Uf;fkhl;lhHfs;. ,e;j `jPi] itj;J ]`hghf;fis Fiwfhz KidAk; \PMf;fsplk; ehk; xU Nfs;tpiaf; Nfl;fyhk;. myp mtHfSk; me;j `_ijgpahtpy; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfSk; mg;gb jhkjpj;jtHfspy; xUtH. mg;gbnad;why; myp mtHfSk; egpf;F khWnra;jhHfsh? ghtk; \PMf;fs; Mg;gpOj;j Fuq;F Nghd;whfptpl;lhHfs;.
167
ehk; mt;thW epidf;ftpy;iy. ]`hghf;fs; egpatHfspd; ckpo; ePiuf;$l fPNo tpotplhky; vLj;J jq;fs; Nkdpapy; G+rpf;nfhs;thHfs;. me;jsTf;F mtHfs; egp kPJ kjpg;Gk; kupahijAk; itj; j pUe; j hHfs; . Mdhy; f/ghtpw; F nry; y Ntz; L k; > eP z ; l fhyj; j pw; F gpd; jkJ ehl; L f; F nry;yNtz;Lk; vd;w mjPj MHtj;jpy; egpatHfspd; fl;lisia epiwNtw;w rw;W jhkjpj;jdH. jq;fs; capH cs;stiu mjw;fhf Nghuhl Ntz;bNaw;gl;lhYk; mjw;F jahuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,jdhNyNa my;yh`; `_ijgpah cld;gbf;ifapd;NghJ gj;`; vDk; mj;jpahaj;ij ,wf;fp ]`hghf;fisg; Gfo;e;jhd;. ~~(egpNa!) ek;gpf;ifahsHfs; me;j kuj;jpd; fPo; ck;kplk; cld;gbf;if vLj;jNghJ> epr;rakhf my;yh`; mtHfisg; nghUe;jpf;nfhz;lhd;. mtHfspd; cs;sq;fspy; cs;stw;iw mtd; ed;fwpe;J> mtHfs; kPJ mikjpia ,wf;fpitj;jhd;. NkYk;> mtd; mtHfSf;F rkPgkhd ntw;wpiaAk; toq;fpdhd;. (Nghupy; fpilf; F k; ) mjpfkhd 'fdP kj; " nghUl; f isAk; (toq;fpdhd;.) mij mtHfs; vLj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;. my;yh`; ahtw;iwAk; kpifj;jtdhfTk;> QhdkpfftdhfTk; ,Uf;fpdwhd;.|| ; ; (48:18>19) ~~K`k;kj; my;yh`;tpd; J}juhthH. NkYk;> mtUld; ,Ug; N ghH epuhfupg; g hsHfs; kP J fLikahdtHfshfTk; > jkf;fpilNa fUizAilNahuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH. my;yh`;tpd; nghUj;jj;ijAk;> mUl;nfhiliaAk; ehb> U$/ nra;gtHfshfTk;> R[_J nra;gtHfshfTk; mtHfis ePH fhz;gPH. mtHfsJ milahsk; mtHfsJ Kfq;fspYs;s R[_jpd; milahskhFk;. ,JNt jt;whj;jpy; mtHfSf;Fupa cjhuzkhFk;. ,d;[ypy; NkYk; mtHfSf;Fupa cjhuzkhtJ P xU gapiug; Nghd;wjhFk;. mJ jdJ Kisia ntspg;gLj;jp> gpd;dH mjidg; gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. gpd;dH mJ gykhfp jdJ jz; b d; kP J epiyahf epw; f pd; w J. tptrhapfis mJ Mr;rupakilar; nra;fpd;wJ. ,tHfs; %yk; epuhfupg;ghsHfis mtd; Nfhg%l;Ltjw;fhfNt (,t;thW nra;fpd;whd;.) NkYk;> mtHfspy; ek;gpfif nfhz;L> ey;ywq;fs; GupNthUf;F kd;dpgigAk; ; ; kfj;jhd $ypiaAk; my;yh`; thf;fspf;fpd;whd;.|| (48:29)
168
c]hkhtp d ; gilap y ; ngUk; ]`hghf; f s; nry; y hjJ Ml;rpia ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhfth?

egp mtHfs; c]hkhtpd; jiyikapy; xU gilia NuhkHfSf; F vjpuhf NghuhLtjw; F jahH nra; J tpl; L kuzkile;jhHfs;. egpatHfs; kuzpj;J mG+gf;fH mtHfs; Ml;rpg;nghWg;ig Vw;wNghJ me;jg;gil nry;tjh? ,y;iyah? vd;w fUj;J Kuz;ghL Njhd;wpaJ ahtUk; mwpe;j tplaNk. Mdhy; \PMf;fNsh ,jw;F Gjpa tbtk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. mjhtJ egpatHfs; c]hkhtpd; giliaj; jahupj; J tpl; L ~~ahH c]hkhtpd; gilapy; nry; t jw; F j; jahHgLj; j g; g l; L k; nry;ytpyiyNah mtHfs; ehrkhfl;Lk;|| vd;W nrhd;dhHfs; vd;Wk>; ; vdNt mG+gf;H> ckH Nghd;wtHfnsy;yhk; c]hkhtpd; gilapy; ,Ue;Jk; mtHfs; nry;ytpy;iy ,jdhy; mtHfs; egpatHfspd; rhgj;jpw;FupatHfs; vd;Wk; mtHfs; epd;wJ egpatHfspd; gpd; Ml;rpia jq;fs; iftrg;gLj;jpfnfhs;sNt ; vd;Wk; fijasf;fpdwdH. ; egpatHfs; nrhd;djhfr; nrhy;yg;gLk; nra;jpapy; ve;j cz;ikAkpy;iy. mJ egpatHfs; Ngupy; ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;> c]hkhtpd; gilapy; mG+gf;H mtHfs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. egpatHfs; fLikahf RftPdKw;wpUe;j filrp ehl;fspy; mG+gf;H mtHfNs egpatHfSf;F gfukhf njhOif elhj;jpdhHfs;. vdNt vg;gb mtH c]hkhtpd; gilapy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw KbAk;? ckH mtHfs; c]hkhtpd; gilapy; ,Ue;jhHfs; Mdhy; mG+gf;H mtHfs; Ml;rpg;nghWg;ig Vw;wjw;Fg; gpwF Kf;fpa ]`hghf;fis jd;NdhL kjPdhtpy; itj;Jf;nfhz;L Kf;fpa re;jHg;gq;fspy; MNyhrid ngw ehbdhHfs;. ,jdhy; gilj;jsgjp c]hkh mtHfsplk; nrd;W ckH mtHfis jd;NdhL kjPdhtpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;s mDkjp NfhupdhHfs;. c]hkh mtHfSk; mjw;F mDkjp toq;fNt ckH mtHfs; gilNahL nry;yhky; mG+gf;H mtHfSf;F cjtpahf kjPdhtpy; jq;fpdhHfs;.
169
,J jtpu mtHfs; Ml;rpiaj; jk;trg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sNt epd;whHfs; vd;gnjy;yhk; fw;gidfshFk;. ,J cz;ikahf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ,itfs; ]`hghf;fSf;F Kjypy; tpsq;fpapUf;Fk;. mtHfs; vg;NghJk; cz;ik rhtij xg;Gf;nfhs;skhl;lhHfs;. my;yJ ]`hghf;fs; vy;NyhUk; ckH mtHfspd; fl;rpapy; ,ize;jpUe;jhHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy; egpatHfspd; FLk;gj;jpdHfspy; Kf;fpakhdtHfs; mq;F ,Ue;jhHfs; mtHfs; vjpHf;ftpy;iy> gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpyhtJ me;j tplaq;fis nrhy;ypapUf;fNtz;Lk; mjw;fhd ve;jg;gjpTfSk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; myp mtHfs; Kd;nrd;w Ml;rpahsHfisg; Gfo;e;J nrhd;djw;Fg; gy Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd. Fwpg;ghf mG+gf;fH > ckH Nghd;Nwhiu Gfo;e;J $wpajw;fhd Mjhuq;fs; mjpfkhfNt cs;sd. Fiwe;jJ myp mtHfspd; FLk;gj;jpy; te; j vtuhtJ nrhy; y papUf; f Ntz; L k; . mt; t hW vtUk; nrhd; d jpy; i y. khwhf mtw; W f; F vjpuhd Mjhuq; f Ns epuk;gpf;fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt ,e;jf; fw;gidfisnay;yhk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. ,t;thW thjpLtJ kpfTk; ,yFthdJ. xt;nthUtUk; thjplyhk; mtw;iw cz;ikg;gLj;jNth ngha;g;gpf;fNth ahuhYk; KbahJ. cjhuzkhf myp mtHfs; egpatHfs; kuzpj;j gpwFk; egpatHfSld; $lNt ,Ue;jJ vjw;fhf njupAkh? egpapd; cliy vupg;gjw;fhf vd;W xUtH thjplyhk;. ,d;DnkhUtH ,y;iy egpatHfspd; ghjpkhtplaj;jpy; myp mtHfspd; eltbf;ifapy; egpatHfSf;Fj; jpUg;jpapUf;ftpy;iy mJNghy; ghjpkh mtHfspd; eltbf; i fapYk; myp mtHfSf;F jpUg;jpapUf;ftpy;iy. ,jdhy; egpatHfSf;Fk; myp mtHfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; xU kdf;frg;G ,Ue;jJ mij egpatHfs; kuzpf;Fk; tiu jPHj;Jf;nfhs;stpy;iyNa vd;w ftiyapy; ,Ue;jhHfs; vd;W thjplyhk;. kw;wtH> ,y;iy egpatHfspd; FLk; g j; j pd; xl; L nkhj; j MjuitAk; jpul;bf;nfhz;L muruhtjw;Nf ,Ue;jhHfs; vd;Wk; thjplyhk;. Mdhy; ,jw;nfy;yhk; vg;gb Mjhuq;fs; ,y;iyNah mJNghd;W vy;iyAkpy;iy.
170
egpatHfspd; gpd; fyPgh ahH?

egpatHfSf;Fg;gpd; mG+gf;H mtHfs;jhd; fyPgh vd;gjpy; m`;Y];]_d;dh mwpQHfSf;F kj;jpapy; fUj;J Kuz;ghL fpilahJ. ,JNghyNt K];ypk;fspd; VNfhgpj;j KbthfTk; ,J fhzg;gLfpwJ. MdhYk; \PMf;fs; ,jw;F Kud; g Lfpd; w dH. m`; Y ]; ] _d; d hf; f Sf; F ,tHfs; Kuz;gLtjhy; ,e;jf;fUj;jpy; ve;j khw;wKk; Vw;glhJ Vnddpy; mtHfis ,khk; f s; K]; y pk; f spd; tl; l j; i j tpl; L k; ntspNawpatHfs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. MdhYk; \PMf;fs; jq; f s; fUj; J f; F rpy FHMdpa trdq; f isAk; rpy `jP];fisiAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w midj;J Mjhuq;fSNk jpupGgLj;jg;gl;ljhfNt mike;Js;sd. ~egp mtHfSf; F g; gpwF Ml; r p nra; t jw; F jFjpahdtH myp mtHfSk; mtHfspd; FLk;gj;jtHfSNk. ,ijNa egpatHfs; ]`hghf;fSf;F t]pa;aj;Jr;nra;jhHfs;. MdhYk; mtHfs; mjw;F khWnra;J mz;zy; egpapd; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F JNuhfk; nra;Jtpl;ldH| vd;W \PMf;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. \PMf;fs; jq;fspd; ,e;j fUj;Jf;F nrhy;Yk; kpfTk; gpugy;akhd Mjhuk; jhd; ~~fjPH Fk;|| vDk; ,lj;jpy; ele;jjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLk; nra;jpahFk;. ,e;j nra;jpNa \PMf;fspd; gpujhd nfhs;ifapd; mbg; g ilahFk; . ,ij itj; N j jq; f spd; midj; J gpur;rhuq;fisAk; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,e;j `jPi] khj;jpuk; itj;Nj gy E}y;fSk; cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. i]j; gpd; mHf;fk; mtHfs; mwptpf;Fk; ,e;j nra;jpia ,khk; K];ypk; (u`;) mtHfs; gpd;tUkhW gjpT nra;Js;shHfs; ~~kjPdhtpw;Fk; kf;fhtpw;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s ~~fjPh;f;Fk;|| vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; xU ,lj;jpy; egpatHfs; vq;fSf;F ciuahw;Wtjw;fhf vOe;jhHfs;@ my;yh`;itg; Gfo;e;J mtidj; Jjpj;J tpl;L. gpd;G 'kdpjHfNs! ehDk; cq;fisg;Nghd;w kdpjd;jhd;. vdf;Fk;
171
,iwtdpd; J}JtH te;J vdJ capiuf; ifg;gw;wptpLthH. ehd; cq; f Sf; F kj; j papy; ,uz; L ngUk; tplaq; f is tpl;Lr;nry;fpNwd;. mjpy; Kjd;ikahdJ ,iwNtjkhFk;. mjpy;jhd; NeHtopAk; topfhl;lYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNt ePq;fs; my;yh`;tpd; Ntjj;ijg;gw;wpg;gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;." (,t;thW) ,iwtdpd; Ntjj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtijj; J}z;bdhHfs;. mij Cf;Ftpj;jhHfs;. gpd;G nrhd;dhHfs;: vdJ FLk;gj;jpdH tplaj;jpy; cq;fSf;F ehd; ,iwtid Qhgfg;gLj;Jfpd;Nwd;> vd;W %d;W jlitfs; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs; ,e;jr; nra;jpia i]j; mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J mwptpf;Fk; `_i]d; mtHfs;@ 'FLk;gk; vd;why; ahH? egpatHfspd; kidtpaH mtHfspd; FLk;gk; ,y;iyah?" vd;whH. mjw;F i]j; Mk; ahUf;F ]fhj; ùhkhf;fg;gl;lLs;sNjh mtHfNs egpatHfspd; FLk;gj;jpdH vd;whHfs;. mjw;F `_i]d; (u`;) mtHfs;: ~mtHfs; ahH? vd;whHfs;. i]j; mtHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;: myp mtHfspd; FLk;gk;> cifypd; FLk;gk;> [/gupd; FLk;gk;> mg;gh]pd; FLk;gk;. mjw;F `_i]d; (u`;) ,tHfs; midtUk; ]fhj; ngWtjw; F jLf; f g; g l; l tHfsh? vd; w hHfs; . Mk; vd; W i]j; mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;. ,e;jr; nra;jpia jpHkpjp> m`;kj;> e]<> `hfpk; Nghd;wtHfs; mwptpf;Fk; NghJ ehk; Nky; Fwpg;gpl;lij NrHj;J ~~ahH vd;id Nerpf;fpwhNuh> mtd; mypia Nerpf;fl;Lk;|| vd;W ,lk; n gw; W s; s J. ,e; j thf; f pak; jtpHe; j Vida rpy thf;fpaq;fSk; NtW gy fpue;jq;fspy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. Mdhy; mitfs; gytPdkhditahFk;. ,e;j `jPN] \PMf;fspd; gpujhdkhd MjhukhFk;. myp mtHfs; jdJ Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; $ghtpy; itj;J ,e;j rk;gtj;ijf; $wptpl;L ,ij egpaplk; ,Ue;J Nfl;ltHfs; ahH vd;whHfs;. mjw;F gj;upy; fye;J nfhz;l 12 ]`hghf;fs;> ~ehq;fs; Nfl;Nlhk;| vd;W rhl;rp nrhd;dhHfs;. egpatHfs; nfhSj;Jk; ntapypy; ~~fjPH Fk;|| vd;w ,lj;jpy; kf;fis epWj;jpaJ@
172
myp mtHfs; gw; w pa ,e; j rpwg; i g njspT gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> egpia fyPghthf Vw;Wf;nfhz;ltHfs; mtUf;F gpd; mypia fyP g hthf Vw; W f; n fhs; s Ntz; L k; vd; g ij njspTgLj;Jtjw;FkhfNtegpatHfs; kf;fis epWj;jpdhHfs; vd;W \PMf;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. mj;NjhL ,jpNy 100000f;Fk; mjpfkhd ]`hghf;fs; fye;Jnfhz;lhHfs; `[;[h[pfs; jq;fs; CHfSf;F gpupe;J nry;Yk; ,lkhf ,e;j ~~fjPH Fk;|| vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba ,lk; ,Ue;jJ. vdNt vy;NyhUf;Fk; ,j;jftiyr; nrhy;tjw;fhfNt egpatHfs; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; epWj;jpdhHfs; vd;Wk; nrhy;fpd;wdH. ,e;j thjq;fspd; cz;ik epiyiaj; njupe;Jnfhs;tjw;F Kd; d hy; ,e; j r; nra; j pia egpatHfs; nrhd; d jw; f hd fhuzj;ijj; njupe;J nfhs;Nthk;. cz;ikapy; \PMf;fs; nrhy;tijg; Nghd;W myp mtHfs; kw; W k; mtH FLk; g j; j pd; jiyikj; J tj; i j epiyehl;Ltjw;fhf ,e;j re;jpg;ig egpatHfs; nra;atpy;iy mt;thW nra;J egpatHfs; njspTgLj;jpapUe;jhy; mij eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjpy; ]`hghf;fs; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L nraw;gl;bUg;ghHfs; egpatHfs; nrhd;dij epiwNtw;w jq;fspd; capiuAk; Jr;rkhf kjpj;J nray;gl;bUg;ghHfs;. mg;gb nray;gl;ltHfs;jhd; ]`hghf;fs;. 100000 f; F k; mjpfkhd ]`hghf; f s; xd; W $b Nfl;fpwhHfs> gpd;G mjw;F ahUNk fl;Lg;glhky; Kuz;gLfpwhHfs; vDk; \PMf;fspd; rpj;jpuk; rw;W tpNehjKk; Ntbf;ifAk; epiwe;jJ. jq;fs; capHfisAk; tpl egpia Nkyhf kjpj;j ]`hghf;fs; tplaj;jpy; ,g;gbf; fw;gid nra;tJ rw;W Ntjidf;FupaJ. ,e;j re;jpg;ig egpatHfs; ,uz;L fhuzq;fSf;fhf nra;jhHfs;:. 01) egp mtHfs; `hypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfis vkd; gpuNjrj;jpw;F mDg;GfpwhHfs; mtH mij ntw;wp nfhz;ljd; gpd; G mq; F fpilj; j fdP k j; nghUl; f spy; egpatHfSf; F k;
173
mtHfspd; FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; NruNtz;ba (Ie;jpy; xd;W) gFjpiag; ngWtjw; F xUtiu mDg; G khW egpatHfSf; F nra; j p mDg;GfpwhH. egp mtHfSk; myp mtHfis mDg;gpitf;fpwhHfs;. myp mtHfsplk; Ie;jpy; xU gFjpiaf; nfhLj;j NghJ myp mtHfs; cldbahf mjpypUe;j xU mbikg; ngz;izj; NjHT nra;J tPL $btpLfpwhHfs;. nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l kWfzNk ,t;thW epfo;e;jjhy;> ]`hghf;fSf;F rw;W mUtUg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. Giujh mtHfs;> ~ehd; ,jw;fhf myp mtHfis Nfhgpf;fpNwd;| vd;whHfs;. `hypj; mtHfisg;ghHj;J Giujh mtHfs;> ~ghHj;jPHfsh mypia| vd;W $wpdhHfs;. gpd; G Giujh mtHfs; nrhy; f pwhHfs; 'ehd; egpatHfsplk; te;jNghJ ,ijr;nrhd;Ndd;. egpatHfs; Giujh mtHfSf; F r; nrhd; d hHfs; ~GiujhNt eP mypia Nfhgpf;fpwhah?| mjw;F Giujh ~Mk;| vd;whHfs;. egpatHfNsh ~,y;iy| mtiu ntWf;fhNj. Ie;jpy; xd;wpy; mtUf;F NruNtz;ba gFjp ,ij tpl mjpfkhdJ" vd;whHfs;.|| (G`hup 4350) kw;nwhU mwptpg;gpy; Giujh mtHfSf;F egpatHfs; nrhd;dhHfs; ~~ahH vd;id Nerpf;fpwhNuh mtH mypiaAk; Nerpf;fl;Lk;.|| (jpHkpjp 3712) vdNt myp mtHfs; kPJ kf;fSf;F ,Ue;j ,e;j frg;GzHit ePf;fNt egpatHfs; ,e;j re;jpg;igr; nra;jhHfs;. 02) ,khk; ig`fP (u`; ) mtHfs; mG+]<j; mtHfs; %yk;; mwptpfff;$ba nra;jpapy>; myp mtHfs; ]fhj;Jf;Fupa ; xl;lfq;fspy; Vwpg; gpuahzk; nra;tjw;F jiltpjpj;jhHfs; gpd;G mtHfSf;F xUtiug; nghWg;ghf;fp tpl;L egp mtHfsplk; nrd;whHfs;. Mdhy;> tPjpapNy jhd; nghWg;ghf;fpatiuAk; xl;lfq;fisAk; jdJ fl;lisf;F Kuzhdjhff; fhz;fpwhH. kw;wtHfs; mitfspy; Vwpg; gpuahzk;
174
nra;tjw;F me;jg;nghWg;ghsH mDkjp toq;fp ,Ue;jhH. myp mtHfs; mtiu fz;bj;jhHfs;@ fbe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. mG+ ]<j; mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs; ehk; egp mtHfis te;jile;jNghJ gpuahzj;jpy; myp mtHfsplk; ehk; re; j pj; j ijAk; mtuJ fLikiaAk; egpatHfSf; F vLj;Jr;nrhd;Ndhk;. mg;NghJ egpatHfs; mG+]aPNj nfhQ;rk; nghWq;fs;. cq;fs; rNfhjud; tplaj;jpy; mlf;fp thrpAq;fs;. NkYk; mtH my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; ey;yijNa nra;jpUf;fpwhH vd;W nrhd;dhHfs;. ,khk; ,g;D fjPH (u`;) mtHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;: ,t;thW myp mtHfs; kPJ tpkHrdq;fs; mjpfupj;jNghJ egpatHfs; `[; flikfis Kbj;jjw;Fg; gpwF jd; flikfspypUe;J Xa;Tngw;W kjPdhtpw;F jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; topapy; ~~fjPHFk;|| vd;w ,lj;jpy; myp mtHfs; kPJ kdpjHfSf;F kj;jpapy; ,Ue;j frg;GzHitAk;> tpkHrdq;fisAk; ePffp mtupd; Gfio ; caHj;jTk; Xq;fr; nra;aTNk ,e;j re;jpg;ig nra;jhHfs;. myp mtHfspd; Ml;rpiag;gw;wp Kd;dwptpg;Gr; nra;tjw;fhf my;y vd ,khk; ,g;D fjPH (u`;) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. (my;gpjhah td;dp`hah 5:95) egp mtHfs; ,jw;fhfNt kpdhtpNyh> mughtpNyh ,J gw;wpg;Ngrhky; mJ njhlHghd Ngr;Rf;fis ~~fjPHFk;|| vDk; ,lk; tiuf;Fk; gpw;gLj;jpdhHfs;. mJNghd;W ,e;j tplak; kjPdhthrpfSld; khj;jpuk; njhlGilajhFk;. fhuzk; mtHfNs myp mtHfSld; gpur; r pidapy; njhlHGilatHfs; ,jdhYk;> egpatHfs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; kj;jpapy;itj;J ,e;j tplak; njhlHghfg;Ngrhky; mij ~~fjPH Fk; || vDk; ,lk; tiu gpw;gLj;jpdhHfs;. \PMf;fs; nrhy;Ytijg; Nghd;W ~~fjPHFk;|| vd;gJ `[;[h[pfs; jq;fs; CHfSf;F gpupe;J nry;tjw;fhd ,lk; fpilahJ. Vw;fdNt `[; Kbe;jJk; kf;fhtpy; itj;Nj mtHfs; midtUk; jpUk;gpr;nrd;Wtpl;lhHfs;. kf;fhthrpfs; kf;fhtpNyNa ,Ue;J tpLthHfs;. kf;fhtpypUe;J 250fpNyhkPwwH J}ukhfTs;s ;
175
~~fjPHFk;|| vDk; ,lk; tiu mtHfs; tuNtz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. mg;gb mtHfs; tUtJkpy;iy `[;;[h[pfs; $LtJk; mtHfs; gpuptJk; kf;fhtpy;jhd;. $Lk; ,lk; kf;fhthfTk; gpupAk; ,lk; kf; f htpypUe; J 250fpNyhkP w ; w H J}ukhfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;ba mtrpak; fpilahJ. vdNt egpatHfs; ~~fjPHFk;|| vDk; ,lj;jpy; epd;whHfs; NtW ve;j ehl;ilr; NrHe;jtHfSk; mtHfSld; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt 100000f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ]`hghf;fSf;F kj;jpapy; itj;J egpatHfs; ,ijr;nrhd;dhHfs; vd;W \PMf;fs; fijasg;gJ ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l nra;jpahFk;. egp mtHfs; ~~fjPH Fk;|| vDkplj;jpy; epd;wjw;F NtW xU fhuzk; cs;sJ. mjhtJ kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;Fr; nry;tjw;F MW my;yJ VO ehl;fs; vLf;Fk; kpfTk; ePz;l gazkhf ,Ue;jJ ,jdhy; ,t;thwhd gazq;fspd; NghJ egpatHfs; gyKiw Xa;ntLg;ghHfs;. ,JNghyNt nry;Yk; topapy; Xa;ntLg;gjw;fhf egpatHfs; ~~fjPHFk;|| vDk; ,lj;jpy; ,wq;fpdhHfs; kf;fSf;F ,iwkiw gw;wp cgNjrk; nra;jhHfs;. mj;NjhL me;j kf;fsplk; myp mtHfisg; gw;wpapUe;j jg; g hd mgpg; g puhaj; i j ,y; y hkyhf; F tjw; F upa xU re;jHg;gkhfTk; ,ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfNsad;wp khwhf myp mtHfSf;fhfNt egpatHfs; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; epd;whHfs; vd;gJ jtwhFk;. mj;NjhL ,e;jr; nra;jpapy; egpatHfSf;Fg; gpwF myp mtHfs;jhd; fyPgh vd;gjw;fhd ve;j MjhuKkpy;iy. Mdhy; \PMf;fs; ,e;j nra;jpapd; mwptpg;gpy; tUk; ~kt;yh| vd;w thHj;ijf;F> jiytH Ml;rpahsH vd;w mHj;jj;ijf; nfhLj;J egpatHfs; myp mtHfis mtUf;Fg;gpd; jiytuhf Kd;nkhope;jhHfs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. cz; i kapy; ,e; j r; nrhy; gy mHj; j q; f isf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ~~cjtpahsH> NerH> ez;gH> jiytH..|| vDk; gy mHj;jq;fs; ,jw;Fs;sd. ,e;j thHj;ijf;F ,e;j `jP]pNy NerH vd;w mHj;jNk nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;W vy;yh
176
mwpQHfSk; Fwpg; g pLfpd; w dH. Mdhy; vy; y htw; w pYk; Kuz;gLtij toikahff;nfhz;l \PMf;fs; khj;jpuk; ,jw;F jiytH vd;W mHj;jk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. egp mtHfs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; tpsq;Fk; mbg;gilapy; njspthfg;Ngrf;$batH vd;gJ vy;NyhUk; mwpe;j tplak;. vdNt jiyikj;Jtk; Nghd;w kpfg;ngUk; tplaq;fs; gw;wp egpatHfs; nrhy;Ytjhf ,Ue;jhy; NtW fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,lk; nfhLf;fhj tifapy; mike;j gy thHj;ijfs; cs;sd. mitfisg; gad;gLj;jpapUg;ghHfs;. gy fUj;Jf;fisf;nfhz;l ,e;j thHj;ijia egpatHfs; ,g;gb ngupanjhU tplaj;ijg ;gw;wpg ;NgRtjw;F gad;gLj;jp ,Uf;f khl;lhHfs;. me;j re;jpg;gpy; fye;Jnfhz;l vy;yh ]`hghf;fSk; mt;thNw tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,jdhNyNa mtHfs; vtUk; gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; mG+gf;fH mtHfSf;F vy;NyhUk; xd;WNrHe;J myp mtHfs; cl;gl igmj; nra;J mtiu jiytuhf Vw;Wf;nfhz;ldH. egpatHfs; nrhd;dij kwe;jjhy; jhd; ,t;thW nra;jhHfs; vd;W nrhy;yKbahJ. fhuzk;@ myp mtHfs; jd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,e;jr; nra;jpiar; nrhy;yptpl;L> ahnuy;yhk; ,ij egpatHfsplkpUe;J Nfl;BHfs; vd;wNghJ gj;upy; fye;Jnfhz;l 12 ]`hghf;fs; egpatHfsplk; Nfl;ljhfr; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. vdNt ,jd; %yk; ]`hghf;fs; vy;NyhUNk ,e;j thHj;ijf;F NerH vd;w mHj;jj;ijNa nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhHfs; vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. ]`hghf;fNsh ,khk;fNsh nfhLf;fhj xU tpsf;fj;ijf; nfhLj;J ele;J Kbe;j xU tplaj;ijr; nrhy;yp kw;w ]`hghf;fs; tplaj;jpy; jg;gg;gpuhaq;fis Vw;gLj;jp vk; rNfhjuHfspd; <khDf;F Ntl;Litf;fhky; ,Ug;gJ \PMf;fSf;F kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. egp mtHfSf;Fg; gpwF mG+gf;H mtHfNs Ml;rpf;F kpfTk; jFjpahdtH vd;gjw;F gy Mjhuq;fis mwpQHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. mitfis ,dp mtjhdpg;Nghk;.
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01) egp mtHfs; jdJ kuz Ntisapy; NehNahL ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ~~mG+gf;fiu kf;fSf;Fj; njhOif elj;jr; nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;whHfs;. MdhYk; Map\h mtHfs; kWf;fpwhHfs;@ mtiu tplNtz;lhk; vd;W jLf;fpwhHfs;. egpatHfNsh mG+gf;iuNa njhOif elj;jr; nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;W cWjpahfr; nrhy;yptpl;lhHfs;.|| (G`hup 3654) mjhtJ> egpatHfs;jhd; kf;fSf;F njhOif elhj;jp te;jhHfs;> mtH ,y;iynad;whFk; NghJ me;j ,lj;jpy; mG+gf;fH ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W egpatHfs; tpUk;gpapUf;fpwhHfs;. mj;NjhL mtH ,Uf;Fk;NghJ vtUk; mtUila ,lj;jpy; njhOif elj;jtpy;iy. Mdhy;> egpatHfNs jhd; capUld; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mG+gf;iu kf;fSf;F njhOif elhj;JkhW VtpAs;shHfs;> njhOif vDk; Mj;kff; flikf;F egpatHfs; P mG+gf;H mtHfis jiytuhf Mf;fp ,Uf;f ehk; cyff; fhupaq;fis elhj;Jtjw;F mtiu jiytuhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sKbahJ vd;gJ kpfTk; Ntbf;ifahdjhFk;. 02) egp mtHfspd; fhyj;jpNy mtUf;F mLj;j gbahd rpwg;G mG+gf;H mtHfSf;FupaJ vd;Nw ]`hghf;fs; vy; N yhUk; nrhy; y p te; j hHfs; . ,J egpatHfSf; F j; njupe;jpUe;Jk; nksdkhf ,Ue;J mij cz;ikg;gLj;jpaNjhL mjw;F jdJ KOikahd mq;fPfhuj;ijAk; toq;fpdhHfs;. ,ij ,g;D ckH mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;. G`hup ,khktHfs; jdJ E}ypy; mijg; gjpTnra;Js;shHfs;. vdNt> Kf;fpa nghWg;Gf;fspy; egpatHfshy; vtUk; epakpf;fg;glhjtplj;J kpfTk; rpwe;jtHfis; Kw;gLj;jg;gLtNj kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. 03) egp mtHfsplk; xU ngz;kzp te;jhH. mtUf;F egpatHfs; kWehs; tUkhW gzpj;jhHfs; mg;NghJ me;jg; ngz;kzp ehisf;F xUNtis ePq;fs; ,y;iy vd;why; vd;d nra;tJ vd;whH mjw;F egpatHfs; ehd; ,y;iy vd;why; mG+gf;uplk; nry; vd;whHfs;. (G`hup 3659> K];ypk; 2386)
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,e;j nra;jpapNy egpatHfs; jdf;Fg; gpwF jdJ nghWg;Gf;fis tfpf;ff;$batuhfTk;> kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfis jP H j; J itf; f f; $batuhfTk; mG+gf; H mtHfis ,dq;fhl;bapUf;fpwhHfs;.
mG+gf;H mtHfs; ghj;jpkh nra;jhHfsh?
mtHfSf;F mepahak;
04) egp r mtHfs; jd; kuzNtis neUq;fp Neha; mjpfupj;jNghJ Map\h mtHfSf;F nrhd;dhHfs;:
egpatHfs; kuzpj;jgpd;> jdJ je;ij mee;jukhf tpl;Lr;nrd;w nrhj;ij jdf;F toq;FkhW ghj;jpkh mtHfs; mG+gf;H mtHfsplk; Nfl;lhHfs;. Mdhy; mG+gf;H mtHfs; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. juKbahJ vd;Wk; mJ K];ypk;fspd; nrhj;J vd;Wk; kWj;Jtpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j epfo;itf; fhl;b mG+gf;H mtHfs; ghj;jpkh mtHfSf; F mepahak; nra; J tpl; l jhfTk; > mtiu tQ;rpj;Jtpl;ljhfTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. ,e;j rk;gtj;jpy; mG+gf;H mtHfisf; Fiwfhz; g tHfs; \P M f; f Ns. m`; Y y; igj;jpdupd; mq;fj;jtHfs> mG+gf;H mepahak; nra;Jtpl;lhH vd;W nrhy;yTkpy;iy@ mt;thW epidf;fTkpy;iy vd;gJ xU tprpj;jpukhd cz;ikahFk;. mNjNtis egpatHfs; mee;jukhf tpl;Lr;nrd;w ~gjf|; vDk; Njhl;lj;;ij ghjpkh mtHfs; Nfl;lhHfsh? my;yJ egpatHfs; ghjpkhtpw;F md;gspg;ghf nfhLj;jtw;iw mG+gf;uplk; Ntz;bdhHfsh? vd;gjpy; \PM mwpQHfSf;F kj;jpapy; fUj;J Kuz;ghL epyTfpd;wJ. egpatHfsplkpUe; J ghjpkhtpw; F te; j mde; j ur; nrhj;ijNa Ntz;bdhHfs; vd;w fUj;jpdbg;gilapy; ghHj;jhy; G`hupapy; ,J njhlHghf tUk; mwptpg; G gpd; t UkhW mike;Js;sJ. ~~egp mtHfs; kuzpj;j gpd; ghj;jpkh mtHfs; egpatHfs; tpl;Lr;nrd;w mee;jur;nrhj;jhd ~gjf;| fpypUe;J jdf;Fr;Nru Ntz;ba gFjpiaAk;> i`ghpy; egpatHfs; nfhLj;j gq;ifAk;> mitay;yhj egpatHfs; tpl;Lr;nrd;w Vida nrhj;Jf;fspy; jdf;Fupa gq;ifAk; jUkhWk; mG+gf;H mtHfsplk; Ntz;bdhHfs;.
~~cdJ je;ijiaAk; rNfhjuidAk; miog;gPuhf! ehd; njspthf vOjpj; je; J tpLfpNwd; . Vnddpy; rpyNtis NguhirAs;s ahuhtJ te;J> ehd; jhd; kpfj;jFjpahdtH vd;W nrhy;y> K/kPd;fSk;> my;yh`;Tk; mG+gf;iuj; jtpu vtiuAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s kWf;f (gpur;rpidfs; te;JtpLNkh vd;W) ehd; mQ;RfpNwd;|| (K];ypk; 2387) ,jpNy egpatHfs; jdf;Fg; gpwF mG+gf;Hjhd; Ml;rpahsH vd;gij KOikahf vtUf;Fk; re;Njfk; Vw;glhj tifapy; njspthf nrhy;yhtpl;lhYk; XusT njspthfr; nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhHfs;.
05) ]`hghf;fs; vy;NyhupdJk; VNfhgpj;j KbT: egp mtHfSf;Fg; gpd; mG+gf;H mtHfs;jhd; Ml;rpahsH vd;gjpy; ]`hghf;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ve;j tpjkhd fUj; J Kuz; g hLk; ,y; i y. midtupdJk; xg; G jypYk; > cld;gbf;ifapd; NgupYk; mG+gf;H jiytuhf te;jhHfs;. myp mtHfs;> `]d; > `_i]d; Nghd;Nwhupd; fUj;Jf;fSk; ,JNt. ,J ]`hghf;fspd; E}W tPj VNfhgpj;j KbthFk;. vdNt> ]`hghf; f s; vtUk; fUj; J Kuz; g lhj ,e; j tplaq; f is ehk; jHf; f pj; J f; n fhs; t J vk; i k Neuhd topapypUe;J ePffptplyhk;. (my;yh`; vk;ikg; ghJfhg;ghdhf.) ;
179
,]; y hj; j pd;
ghHitapy;
]`hghf; f s;
180
Mdhy;> mG+gf;H mtHfNsh gpd;tUkhW nrhd;dhHfs;. ~~ehk; mee;jur; nrhj;jhf vijAk; tpl;Lr;nry;y khl;Nlhk;. mt;thW tpl;Lr;nrd;why; mJ ]jfhthFk;. vd egpatHfs; nrhy;y ehd; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;||. ,e;jr; nra;jpia ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfs; jdJ E}ypy; mwptpf;Fk;NghJ ~~ehq;fs; egpkhHfs; mee;jur; nrhj;jhf vijAk; tpl;Lr;nry;tjpy;iy|| vd;W te;Js;sJ. ,itfisf; fhuzk; fhl;b mG+gf;H mtHfs; ghjpkh mtHfs; Nfl;lijf; nfhLf;f kWj;Jtpl;lhHfs;. ,t;thW mG+gf;H mtHfs; nra;jjw;fhf ghjpkh mtHfs; mtH kPJ Nfhgg;gl;ljhf G`hup> K];ypk; Nghd;w E}y;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. egpatHfs; capH thOk;NghJ ghjpkh mtHfSf;F nfhLj;j ed;nfhiliaj;jhd; mG+gf;H mtHfsplk; Nfl;lhHfs; vd;W nrhy;tjw;F Mjhukpy;iy. mij mG+gf;H mtHfsplk; Nfl; f Ntz; b a mtrpaKkpy; i y. fhuzk; egpatHfs; ghjpkhtpw;F ed;nfhilahf toq;fpaJ mtuplNk ,Ue;jJ. vtUk; mij gwpfftpyiy> mg;gb gwpjjpUe;jhy; ]`hghf;fSf;F ; ; ; kj;jpapy; ngupanjhU tplakhf fUjg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mg;gb xU mePjp ele;jpUe;jhy; myp mtHfs; thshtpUe;jpUf;fkhl;lhHfs;. mePjpia jl;bf;Nfl;f myp mtHfs; tPl;by; cl;fhHe;J nfhz;L jd; kidtpia mDg;gpapUf;fkhl;lhHfs;. ,g;NghJ $l vk;ktHfs; mt;thW nra;jhy;; mtiu Mz;ikapy;yhjtH vd;nwy;yhk; gy ngaHfs; nrhy;yp ,opthf miof;fpd;wdH. epiyik ,t;thwpUf;f tPuj;jpw;F cjhuzkhff; $wg;gLk; myp mtHfs; ,t; t hW nra; j pUg; g hHfs; vd; W ehk; nrhy;yKbahJ. vdNt> ,e;j nra;jp cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghdJ. ghjpkh mtHfs; mG+gf;H mtHfsplk; Ntz;baJ> egpatHfs; mee;jukhf tpl;Lr;nrd;witfisj;jhd; vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. egp mtHfs; tpl;Lr;nrd;w mee;jur; nrhj;ijj;jhd; Nfl;lhHfs; vd;W nrhd;djw;Fg; gpd;G ,jpy; $Ljyhd
181
thjq;fisr; nra;tJ epr;rakhf ghjpkh mtHfSf;Nf ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. Vnddpy; mG+gf;H mtHfs; nfhLf;fhky; kWj;jjw;F egpatHfspd; thf;Nf fhuzk;. mtHfs; kNdh ,r;irg;gbNah my;yJ ghjpkhtpw;F mePjp ,iof;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpNyh nfhLf;f kWf;ftpy;iy. egpatHfs; jhk; tpl;Lr;nrd;w nrhj;Jf;fs; ahTk; jHkq;fs; MFk;. ehk; nry;tj;ij tpl;Lr;nry;tjpy;iy mwpitj;jhd; tpl;Lr;nry;fpNwhk; vd;W nrhd;djhy;jhd; nfhLf;f kWj;jhHfs;. egpapd; kfs; vd;whYk; khHf;fk; xd;Wjhd; vd;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,J mG+gf;H mtHfspd; khHf;fg;gw;iwAk; mij gpd;gw;Wtjpy; mtUf;fpUe;j gw;iwANk vLj;Jr;nrhy;fpwJ. khHf;fk; vd;why; khegpapd; FLk;gkhdhYk; tpl;Lf;nfhLf;fkhl;Nld; vd;w mtupd; cWjpiag;ghHf;Fk;NghJ mtupd; Gfo;> rpwg;G ,d;Dk; mjpfupffpwJ. ; ,J Nghd;w rpy jdpahd rl;lq;fs; egpatHfSf;Fk; mtHfspd; FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. egpatHfspd; mee;jur;nrhj;ij mtHfs; ngw KbahJ vd;W nrhy;tijg;Nghy ]fhj; epjpiag;; ngWtjw;Fk; mtHfs; jFjpahdtHfs; my;yH. ]fhj; ngwj;jFjpahd 8 $l;lj;jpy; mtHfs; xUtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mijg;ngw;W mtHfs; rhg;gpLtJ ùhkhFk;. vd;W egpatHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;. ,J mtHfSf;F khj;jpuKupa xU jdpahd rl;lkhFk;. ghj;jpkh mtHfSf;F ,itfs; gw;wpj;njupahjjpdhy; jdJ cupik vd; W epidj; J mG+gf; H mtHfsplk; ,itfisf; Nfl;bUf;fyhk; vd;W ehk; ey;nyz;zk; itf;f KbAk; ,ij tpLj; J > ,e; j epfo; i t ngupjhf ehk; myl; b f; n fhs; t J ghjpkh mtHfs; tplaj; j py; ehk; mgfP H j; j pia Vw; g Lj; J tjhfNt mikAk; . (my; y h`; vk;ikg;ghJfhg;ghdhf) egpkhHfs; mee;jur;nrhj;jhf vijAk; tpl;Lr;nry;tjpy;iy. mg;gb tpl;lhy; mJ jHkkhfNt mikAk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; `jPi] mG+gf;H > ckH> c];khd;> myp> mg;gh];>
182
mg;Ju;u`;khd; ,g;D mt;g;> ]/j; gpd; mgPtf;fh];> ]_igH ,g;Dy; mthk; Nghd;w egpj;NjhoHfs; mwptpf;fpd;wdH. cz;ikapy; ~~gjf;|| vDk; Njhl;l tplaj;jpy; mG+gf;H mtHfs; ghjpkh mtHfSf;F mePjp ,ioj;jpUe;jhy; myp mtHfs; Ml;rpf;F te;jJk; mij kPl;L jd; FLk;g nrhj;jhf khw;wpapUg;ghHfs;. mt;thW mtH nra;atpy;iy. ,JNt ,e;jf;Fw;wr;rhl;by; cz;ikapy;iy vd;gjw;F Nghjpa rhd;whFk;. ,J jtpu> i`gupy; cs;s gjf; vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba ,lj;ij egpatHfs; ghjpkh mtHfSf;F ed;nfhilahf toq;fpdhHfs; vd;W nrhy;tJk; ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l rk;gtkhFk;. Vndd;why; egpatHfs; i`gH gFjpia ifg;gw;Wk; NghJ `p07y; i]dg;> ck;KFy;J}k; Nghd;w egpatHfspd; Vida ngz; kf;fSk; capUld; ,Uf;fpwhHfs; me;j Ntisapy; mtHfSf;F vijANk nfhLf;fhky; ghjpkhtpw;F khj;jpuk; nfhLj;J kw;wtHfSf;F mePjp nra;jhHfs; vd;whfptpLk;. fUizAk; ePjpAk; epiwe;j egpkPJ ,t;thW nrhy;tJ mgj;jKk; Mgj;jhdJkhFk;.
c];khd; mtHfs; kPJ nrhy;yg;gLk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;.

c];khd; jd; FLk;gj;jdUf;F mjpfkhd mjpfhuq;fis p toq;fpdhHfsh?
c]; k hd; mtHfspd; fhyj; j py; gpur; r pidfs; mjpfupj;jjw;Fk; mjd; tpisthf mtH nfhiynra;ag;gl;ljw;Fk; fhuzk; nrhy;Yk; \PMf;fSk;> mtHfshy; ftug;gl;ltHfSk>; mtHfspd; E}y;fis mbg;gil njupahky; thrpj;J mtHfspd; fUj;Jf;fis cz;iknad;W epidj;J cs;thq;fpf; nfhz;l tuyhw;W Ma;thsHfSk;> MrpupaHfSk@; c];khd; jdJ FLk;gj;jpdUf;F mjpfkhd gjtpfis toq;fpaik fpsHr;rp tsHtjw;Ff; fhuzkhapw;W vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. ,J cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghdJk; ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lJkhFk; vd;gij cz;ikia mwpe;jtHfs; czHthHfs;.
c];khd; mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; Vuhskhd ftHdHfSk; mjpfhupfSk; ,Ue; j hHfs; mtHfSs; gpd; t UNthH Kf;fpakhdtHfs;. mG+%]h my;m\;mup> my;f/fh gpd; mkPH> [hgpH my;K]dp> `gPg; gpd; k];ykh> mg;Ju;u`;khd; ,g;Dy; `hapj; ,g;Dy; tyPj;> mGy; m/tH m];]_ykp> `fPk; gpd; ]yhkh> my;m];mj; gpd; if];> [uPH gpd; mg;jpy;yh`; my;g[yp> cigJg;Dd; d`;`h];> khypf; gpd; `gPg> me;e]PH my;,[;yp> ; m];]hapg; ,g;Dy; mf;u/> ]<j; ,g;D ugPM> `dP]; gpd; `gP ] ; > KMtpah > mg; J y; y h`; ,g; D ]<j; gpd; mgp];]H`;];> my;tyPj; gpd; cf;gh> ]<j; ,g;Dy; M];> mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; MkpH. ,tHfSs; ,Wjpahfr; n rhy; y g; g l; l ItUNk gD} cikah vDk; c]; k hd; mtHfspd; guk; g iuiar; NrHe;jtHfs;. vdNt> c];khd; mtHfs; jkJ Ml;rpapy; jd; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F mjpfkhd gjtpfis toq;fpdhH vd;gJ ,jd; %yk; ngha;g;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. jd;dplkpUe;j Vuhskhd
183
,]; y hj; j pd;
ghHitapy;
]`hghf; f s;
184
nghWg;ghsHfspy; ItH jdJ Fyj;ijr; rhHe;jtHfshf ,Ug;gjhy; mtH jd; FLk;gj;jpdiuNa nghWg;Gf;fSf;F epakpj;jhH vd;whfptplhJ. jFjpahdtHfs; vq;fpUe;jhYk; mtHfis ,dq;fz;L rupahd mbg;gilapy; nghWg;Gf;fis toq;FtNj xU Ml;rpahsupd; rpwg;gk;rk;. xUtH Ml;rpahsuhf ,Ue;jhy; mtupd; tk;rj;jpy; vtUk; ftHduhf ,Uf;f KbahJ vd;gJ vq;F fz;Lgpbj;j jj;JtNkh njupatpy;iy. gD} cika;ah Nfhj;jpuj;ijr;NrHe;jtHfs; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpd; Muk;gKjy; epHthfj; jpwik nfhz;ltHfshf ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sdH. egp mtHfspd; epHthfj;jpy; mtHfspd; gq;F rw;W mjpfkhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah (u`;) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;: ~~gD} cikah Nfhj; j puj; i j jtpu Fiwrpfspd; NtW ve;jf;Nfhj;jpuj;jpypUe;Jk; egpatHfSf;F gzpahl;fs; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jjhf vkf;Fj; njupatpy;iy> Vnddpy; mtHfs;jhd; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfSf;Fj;jhd; jiyikg; gjtpfSk;> rpwg;Gk; ,Ue;jd.|| ( ) egp mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; ftHdHfshf ,Ue;jtHfspy; Ie; J NgH gD} cikah fpisiar; rhHe; j tHfshf ,Ue; j dH. cjhg; gpd; ci]j;> mG+ ]_g;ahd; gpd; `Hg;> `hypj; gpd; ]<j;> c];khd; gpd; ]<j;> mghd; gpd; ]<j;. c];khd; mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; vt;thW Ie;JNgH gD} cikah fpisiar; N rHe; j tHfshf ,Ue; j hHfNsh> mJNghyNt egpatHfspd; fhyj;jpYk; ItH gD} cika;ah fpisiar; NrHe;jtHfshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wdH. vdNt ve;j ItUf;fhf c];khd; mtHfis tpkHrpf;fpd;wdNuh mNj ItUf;fhf egpatHfisAk; tpkHrpf;fNtz;Lk;. (my;yh`; vk;ikg;ghJfhg;ghdhf). ,NjNtis c]; k hd; mtHfspd; fhyj; j py; ftHdHfshf ,Ue;jjhf ehk; Fwpg;gpl;l ItUk; xNu Neuj;jpy; ,e;jg;nghWg;Gf;fis tfpf;ftpy;iy. xNu Neuj;jpy; cikah
185
fpisiar;NrHe;j ehy;tNu ftHdHfshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wdH. c];khd; mtHfs; kuzpf;Fk;NghJ gD} cikahitr; NrHe;j %tNu ftHdHfshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wdH. c];khd; mtHfs;; kuzpg;gjw;F Kd;dNu mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; MkpH gjtpia Jwe; J tpl; l hH. c]; k hd; mtHfs; kuzpf; F k; N ghJ KMtpah> mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; ]<j;> mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; MkpH gpd; fpHhP]; Nghd;NwhNu gD} cikahitr;NrHe;j ftHdHfshf ,Ue;jdH. ,J NghyNt myp mtHfSk; mtHfspd; Ml;rpapy; mtupd; nrhe;jf;fhuHfs; gyUf;F Ml;rpapd; nghWg;Gf;fis toq; f p ftHdHfshf mkHj; j papUe; j hHfs; . mg; J y; y h`; > cigJy;yh`;> fjk;> jk;khk; Nghd;w mg;gh]pd; gps;isfNshL mtupd; tsHg;Gkfd; K`k;kj; gpd; mgPgf;Uk; ftHdHfshf epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jdH. c];khd; mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; jkJ Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; rhHe;j ItH ftHdHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs; vd;gjw;fhf mtiu tpkHrpf;Fk; ve;jf;fy;tpkhDk;> myp mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; eilngw;w gpur;rpidfs;> mtupd; nfhiyf;fhd fhuzk; vd;git gw;wpg; NgRk; NghJk;> Ma;Tnra;Ak; NghJk; mNj Ie;ijf; fhuzk; fhl;Ltjpy;iy. eLepiyNahL rpe;jpj;jhy; ey;y KbT fpilf;Fk; ,d;\h my;yh`;. c]; k hd; mtHfis ,uz; l hfg; gpupf; f KbAk; . : ,t; t hW tpkHrpg; g tHfis
01) \PM:
,tHfSf;F ehk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Ma;itr; Rl;bf;fhl;b ePq;fs; c];khd; mtHfis FLk;gj;jpw;F gjtpnfhLj;jhH vd; g jw; f hf tpkHrpj; j hy; mNj fhuzj; j pw; f hf myp mtHfisAk; tpkHrpAq;fs;. ,y;iynad;why; ePqfs; fho;gGzHT ; ; nfhz;ltHfs;> cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghdtHfs; vd;Nw ehk; nrhy;Nthk;. ,JNghy; myp mtHfs; epakpj;j ftHdHfspy; mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; mg;gh]; mtHfisj;jtpu NtW vtUk; c];khd; mtHfs; epakpj;jtHfisg; Nghd;W rpwg;Gf;FupatHfshf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
186
02) m`;Y];]_d;dh ty;[khmj;jpdupd; nfhs;ifia Vw;wtHfs;:

m`; Y ]; ] _d; d h ty; [ khmj; j pdupd; nfhs; i fia Vw;Wf;nfhz;L c];khd; mtHfis ,t;thW tpkHrpg;gtHfs;@ ,tHfs; gpd;tUk; ,uz;L KbTfspy; xd;iwNa nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. 01- c];khd; mtHfs; jdJ Nfhj;jpuj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;l mjpfkhd gw; w pdhy; my; y J ntwpapdhy; mtHfis ftHdHfshf khw;wpdhH vd;W nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nrhy;y KbahJ. fhuzk; cikah tk;rj;ijr; NrHe;j ItH egpatHfspd; fhyj;jpy; Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;jdH. ,jw; f hf ehk; egpia cikah ntwpgpbj; j tH vd; W nrhy;ykhl;Nlhk;. myp mtHfspd; fhyj;jpYk; mtupd; FLk;gj;ijr; rhHe;j ItH ftHdHfshf ,Ue;jdH. mjw;fhfTk; mtiu Fy ntwpgpbj;jtH vd;W nrhy;ykhl;Nlhk;. c]; k hd; mtHfs; Fy ntwp gpbj; j tuhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; jdJ FLk;gj;jpy; jFjpahdtHfs; jFjpaw;wtHfs; vd;w ghFghbd;wp jdJ Nfhj;jpuj;jhiu ngUk;ghd;ikahd mur gjtpfspy; itj; j pUf; f Ntz; L k; mg; g bAk; mtH itj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mtH kuzpf;Fk;NghJ mtuJ Fyj;ijr;NrHe;j %tH kl;LNk ftHdHfshf ,Ue;jdH. vdNt mtiu Nfhj;jpu ntwpgpbj;jtH vd;W nrhy;tJ jFkhdjd;W. 02- c];khd; mtHfs; jkJ Ml;rpapy; jFjpahdtHfis ftHdHfshf epakpj;jhH. rpyNghJ ,tHfs; jdJ Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mjw;fhf mtHfis c];khd; cjwpj; j s; s tpy; i y> jFjpf; F Nky; caHj; j Tkpy; i y. vj;jug;gpypUe;jhYk; jFjpahdtHfs;> epHthfj;jpwd; kpf;ftHfs; vd;W fz;ltHfSf;Fg; gjtpfis toq;fpdhH. c];khd; mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; gjtp tfpj;j gD} cikah Nfhj;jpuj;ijr;NrHe;j ftHdHfis vLj;J mtHfspd;
187
tuyhw; i w Ma; T nra; J > mtHfs; gw; w pa ,khk; f spd; fUj; J f; f is mtjhdpj; j hy; ,e; j ,uz; l htJ fUj; N j cz;ikahdjhfTk; nghUj;jkhdjhfTk; cs;sJ vd;gij czuyhk;. KMtpah gpd; mgP ]_g;ahd;; t : c]; k hd; mtHfspd; fhyj; j py; ftHdHfshf ,Ue;jtHfspy; KMtpah Kjd;ikahdtH ,tH rpwe;jtH vd;gjpy; ve;j K];ypKk; fUj;J Kuz;gltpy;iy. \hk; gpuNjrj;jpd; ftHduhf ,Ue;j mtiu me;j kf;fs; KOkdJld; Nerpj;jhHfs;. KMtpah mtHfs; ckH mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; \hk; gpuNjrj;jpd; ftHduhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. c];khd; mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Vw;wNghJ mtupd; jpwikahd epHthfj;ijf; fz;L ,d;Dk; rpy gFjpfis \hk; gpuNjrj;NjhL NrHj;J mtjhdpf;FkhW gzpj;jhHfs;. KMtpah mtHfs; t`p vOJk; egpatHfspd; vOj; j hsHfspy; xUtuhf ,Ue; j hHfs; . kpfr; r pwe; j Ml;rpahsHfspy; xUtuhf KMtpah mtHfs; jpfo;ejhHfs;. ; ; egp mtHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;: ~~ePqfs; Nerpf;fpd;wtHfSk; ; cq; f is Nerpf; f pd; w tHfSNk cq; f s; jiytHfspy; kpfr;rpwe;jtHfs;. NkYk; mtHfs; kuzpj;jhy; mtHfSf;fhf ePqfs; njhOtPHfs; ePqfs; kuzpj;jhy; cq;fSf;fhf mtHfs; ; ; njhOthHfs;|| (K];ypk; 1855) KMtpah mtHfspd; tuyhw;iwg; gbf;Fk; vtUk; ,e;j `jP]; mtupd; tho;f;ifapy; gpd;dpg;gpize;jpUg;gij czHthHfs;. vdNt KMtpah mtHfspd; jFjpf;Fk; epHthfj; jpwikf;fhfTk; Nkyjpf gpuNjrq;fs; mtUf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gjw;F ,it Nghjpa rhd;WfshFk;.
mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; ]/j; gpd; mgp];]H`; :

Muk;gj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;L egpatHfspd; mUikj; NjhoHfspy; xUtuhf ,Ue;jhH. gpd;G kjk; khwp gpd;G egpatHfs; kuzpg;gjw;F Kd;dNu kPz;Lk; ,];yhj;jpy; Eioe;J egpatHfSf;F igmj; nra;J jt;ghr;nra;jhH. egpatHfspd; (kjdp) M.B.M. ,];khapy;NjhoHfspy; xUtuhf tho;e;jhH. (mG+jhTj;) 188
c];khd; mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; kpfr; rpwe;j ftHdHfspy; xUtuhf ,Ue;jhH> ,tupd; jiyikapYk; Nghuhl;l tpA+fq;fspYNk Mgpupf;fh ,];yhkpa MSiff;F cl;gl;lJ. (,d;W cyfpNyNa mjpfk; K];ypk;fs; thOk; fz;lkhf Mgpupf;fh cs;sJ.) ,khk; j`gp (u`;) mtHfs; ,tH gw;wpr; nrhy;Yk; NghJ: ~~kf;fh ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;l Mz;by; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ Kjy; ,];yhkpa tiuaiwfis kPwhkYk;> tpkHrpf;fg;gLk;gbahd fhupaq;fspy; <LglhkYk; tho;eJ te;jhH. ; mj;NjhL kpfr;rpwe;j kdpjHfspy; xUtuhfTk;> kpfr;rpwe;j rpe; j idthjpfspy; xUtuhfTk; jpfo; e ; j hHfs; . || vd; W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. ( 3/34 ) Mgpupf;f kz;zpy; fpilj;j Vuhskhd ntw;wpfs; ,tupdhNyNa fpilj;jd.
my;tyPj; gpd; cf;gh:

,khk; MkpH m\;\/gp (u`;) mtHfsplk; xU jlit `gPg; gpd; k];ykh mtHfs; gw;wpAk;> mtHfspd; jpahfk; gw;wpAk;> mtHfspd; %yk; fpilj;j ntw;wpfs; gw;wpAk; ngUkpjkhfg; Ngrg;gl;lNghJ> ,khk; \/gp (u`;) mtHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;: ePq;fs; `gPigg; gw;wpNa ,t;thW nghpjhfr; nrhy;fpwPHfNs! tyPijAk; mtupd; Nghuhl;lq;fisAk; mtupd; Ml;rpiaAk; fz;bUe;jhy; vg;gbg; NgrpapUg;gPHfs;! tyPj; mtHfs; $ghit Ie;J Mz;Lfs; Ml;rpnra;jhHfs;. me;j Ntisapy; mtupd; tPlby; ; fjT ,Uf;ftpy;iy. tpUk;gpNahH tpUk;gpa Neuj;jpy; tuyhk;> Ngryhk;. vd;W jd; Ml;rpapd; J}a;ikiaAk; epahaj;ijAk; ep&gpj;jhH. vdNt ehk; NkNy Fwpg; g pl; l tplaq; f spypUe; J > c]; k hd; mtHfspd; cz; i kj; j d; i kiaAk; > ,ja Rj; j piaAk; > mtHfis tpkHrpg; N ghupd; tprpj; j pukhd czHTfisAk; cz; i kf; F g; Gwk; g hd cswy; f isAk; njupe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;.
]<j; ,g;Dy; M];;t :

egp mtHfspd; ]`hghf;fspy; kpfr;rpwe;jtHfspy; xUtuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,khk; j`gp (u`;) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;: ~~mtH kpfr;rpwe;j jiytuhfTk; mjpfk; nfhilnfhLg;gtuhfTk;> Gfog; g lf; $batuhfTk; > gpur; r pidfspd; Moj; i jg; Gupe;Jnfhz;L nraw;gLk; EZf;fKs;stuhfTk;> jiyikj;Jtg; gz; G fs; epiwag; ngw; w tuhfTk; ,Ue; j hH> NkYk; cWjpahdtuhfTk; kpfr;rpwe;j rpe;jidthjpahfTk; ,Ue;jhH. ,jdhy; Ml;rpf;F jFjpahdtuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH.( )
c];khd;
mtHfs; my;FHMid vupjjhHfsh? ;
mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; MkpH gpd; fpHuP]:;

,tNu fp]; u h> Fuh]hd; Nghd; w gFjpfisf; ifg;gw;wpdhH. ghurPf Ml;rpapd; ,Wjpr;rPl;L c];khd; mtHfspd; Ml;rpapy; ,tupd; ifapdhNyNa fpopf;fg;gl;lJ. ]p[p];jhd;> fpHkhd; Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fis ,tH ntw;wp <l;bdhH. ,khk; j`gp (u`;;) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;: ~~,tH mNugpaHfspd; kpfg;ngUk; Ml;rpahsHfspy; xUtuhfTk;> mtHfspy; kpfTk; tPuKs;stuhfTk;> kpfr;rpwe;jtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH.|| ( 3/21)
189
c];khd; mtHfs; FHMid vupj;jjhfTk; mjd; %yk; FHMdpy; epiwa tplaq;fis kiwj;Jtpl;ljhfTk; \PMf;fs; xU jg;ghd gpur;rhuj;ij Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,J tuyhw;wpy; ngupanjhU tplakhf G+jhfug;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; cz;ik epiyia njspthf mtjhdpg;Nghk;. cyfj;jpy; ve;j xU nkhopahf ,Ug;gpDk; mjw;F ,uz;L Kfq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. 01) mfuhjp Kfk; 02) Gof;fg;ghir vDk; Kfk; ,uz;lhtJ Kfj;ijg;nghWj;jtiuf;Fk; ,jpy; xU nrhy; my;yJ xU thHj;ij gy gupkhzq;fis vLf;Fk;. ,lk;> fhyk;> Nfhj;jpuk; vd;gtw;Wf;Nfw;g ,it NtWgLk;. ,J jkpo; nkhop njhlf; f k; vy; y htw; W f; F k; nghJthdJ. ekJ gpuNjrq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gLk; rpy thHj;ijg; gpuNahfq;fs; Vida
190
gpuNjrq;fspy; njupahj xd;whfTk;> Vida gpuNjrq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rpy thHjijfs; ekJ gpuNjrq;fspy; njupahj xd;whfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. rpyNghJ NtW mHj;jq;fs; nfhz;ljhfTk; fhzg;gLk;. ,Nj epiy muG nkhopf;Fk; ,Ue;jJ. ,jw;F mikthf my;yh`; my;FHMid VO Kiwfspy; ,wf;fpitj;jjhf egp mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. (G`hup) xNu trdj; i j gy Kiwfspy; XJk; mikg; G egpatHfspd; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F mjpfkhd Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd. cjhuzkhf> ckH mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: ~~`p\hk; gpd; `fPk; mtHfs; my;GHfhd; vDk; mj;jpahaj;ij gy Kiwfspy; XJtij ehd; nrtpAw;Nwd;. Mdhy; ,jpy; vijAk; ehd; egpatHfsplkpUe;J Nfl;ljpy;iy. `p\hikg;gpbj;J ~cdf;F ahH ,ijf; fw;Wj; je;jhH| vd;Nwd;. ~vdf;F ,ij egpatHfNs fw;Wj;je;jhHfs;| vd;whH. mjw;F ehd; ,y;iy ngha; nrhy;fpwha;. epr;rakhf egpatHfs; ,it my;yhj NtW xU KiwapNyNa vdf;F ,ij Xjpf;fhz;gpj;jhHfs;. vd;W nrhy;yptpl;L mtiu mioj;Jf; nfhz;L egpatHfsplk; te;Njd.; ~my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! ,tH my;GHfhd; mj;jpahaj;ij ePq;fs; vdf;F Xjpf;fhz;gpf;fhj Kiwapy; XJfpwhH| vd;Nwd;. mg;NghJ egpatHfs; ~mtiu tpL. `p\hNk!| XJk; vd;whHfs;. mtH ehd; Vw;fdNt Nfl;lijNa XjpdhH. egpatHfNsh ~,t;thNw ,wq;fpaJ vd;whH>| gpd;G ~ckNu ePH XJk;| vd;whHfs;. ehNdh mtH vdf;F Xjpf;fhl;ba mbg;gilapy; XjpNdd;. egpatHfs; ~mt;thNw ,wf;fg;gl;lJ| vd;W nrhy;yptpl;L epr;rakhf ,e; j f; F HMd; VO Kiwfspy; ,wf; f pitf; f g; g l; L s; s J> cq;fshy; KbAkhd Kiwapy; Xjpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;| vd;whHfs;.|| (G`hup 4992) ,t;thW egpatHfspd; fhyj;jpNyNa egpatHfsplkpUe;J ; xU Kiwapy; FHMid Xjf; fw;Wf;nfhz;ltHfs; ,d;ndhU Kiwapy; egpatHfsplkpUe;J fw;Wf;nfhz;ltH FHMid me;j Kiwapy; XJk;NghJ fUj;J Kuz;ghL nfhz;ldH. mtH jtwhf XJtjhfTk; epidj; j dH. egpatHfsplk; nrd; W mij njspTgLj;jpf; nfhz;ldH.
191
,jw;fhf FHMdpy; cs;s xt;nthU thHj;ijAk; VO Kiwfspy; Xjg; g Lk; vd; g Njh> mit xt; n thd; W f; F k; jdpj;jdpahd mHj;jq;fs; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gNjh fpilahJ. Mdhy; ngUk;ghYk; VO Kiwg;gb Xjf;$ba mikg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; fUj;J rpijtilahJ. ,t;thW fUj;Jr; rpijtpy;yhj mbg; g ilapy; ,Ue; j NghJk; ]`hghf; f s; re; N jfg; g l; L egpatHfsplk; njspTngw;whHfs; vd;gijg; ghHf;Fk;NghJ FHMdpd; J}a;ikj; jd;ikia ghJfhg;gjpy; ]`hghf; f Sf; f pUe; j mf; f iwiaAk; > <Lghl; i lAk; czHe;Jnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. egpatHfs; ,Ue;jNghJ ,j;jifa fUj;J Kuz;ghLfis egpatHfsplk; nrd;W jPHj;Jf;nfhz;ldH. Mdhy; egpatHfSf;Fg; gpwF ,e;j epiy ,Uf;ftpy;iy. egpatHfSld; ,Ue;J mtuplk; FHMidf; fw;Wf;nfhz;l ]`hghf;fs; %yNk ,itfs; jPHj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. egpatHfspd; kuzj;jpd;gpd; fhyg; Nghf;fpy; nrd;W> ,]; y hkpa Ml; r papd; fl; L g; g hl; b y; cs; s epyg; g ug; G k; tpuptile; j NghJ ]`hghf; f s; FHMd; > ]_d; d hit fw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F xt;nthU gpuNjrj;jpw;Fk; ,lk; ngaHe;jdH. ,jpy;> \hk; gpuNjrj;jpy; cig ,g;D f/g; mtHfSk;> <uhf;fpy; mg;Jy;yh`pg;D k];Cj; mtHfSk;> $ghtpy; mG+%]h my; m \; m up Nghd; w tHfSk; gpugy; a k; mile;jpUe;jdH. Xt;nthU gpuNjrj;jpYk; me;jg;gFjpapy; gpugy;ak; mile;jpUe;j fhupfspd; Kiwg;gb mg;gpuNjr kf;fs; FHMid Xjpte; j dH. FHMd; ,t; t hW gy Kiwfspy; Xjg;gl;ljhy; fhyg; Nghf;fpy; kf;fs; fl;Lg;ghL ,y;yhky; me;j ]`hgp Xjpf;fhl;lhjijnay;yhk; mtH Xjpf;fhl;bajhf jtwhf epidj; J f; n fhz; L Xj Muk; g pj; j dH. kw; i wa Kiwfisnay;yhk; jtwhdJ vd;Wk; nrhy;y Muk;gpj;jdH. ,J xU ngUk; rpf;fyhf czug;gl;lJ vd;gij ,khk; ,g;D `[H (u`;) mtHfs; jkJ ~~gj;`_y; ghup|| vDk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;.
192
,J NghyNt xt;nthU gpuNjrj;jpy; tho;eJ te;jtHfSk; ; me;jg;gpuNjrj;jpy; gpugy;akhd fhupfspd; Kiwg;gb Xjpajhy; mijNa FHMd; vd;Wk;> mjw;F khw;wkhf XJk; Kiwnay;yhk; FHMdpy; ,y;yhjJ rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfs; jtWjyhf nra;fpd;wdH vd;Wk; epidj;jdH. rpyNghJ ,J rupahd FHMidNa epuhfupf;fpd;w msTf;F ghupa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Kd;nrd;w fyPghf;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,J rw;WFiwthf ,Ue;jhYk;> c];khd; mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; ,J rw;;W $LjyhfNt czug;gl;lJ. ,ij ePf;Ftjw;F vd;d nra;ayhk; vd;W c];khd; mlq; f yhf gy ]`hghf; f Sk; Nahrpj; j dH. ,e; j Ntisapy;jhd;. `_ijgh mtHfs;> c];khd; mtHfsplk; jpLf;fpLk; gbahd xU rk;gtj;ijr; nrhd;dhHfs;. `p. 25 ,y; mHkP d pahit ntw; w pnfhs; t jw; f hd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; \hk;> kw;Wk; <uhf; gpuNjrj;ijr;NrHe;j kf;fSld; `_ijgh mtHfs; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;. Nghuhl;lj;jpypUe;J jpUk;gp te;j `_ijgh mtHfs; jd; tPl;Lf;F nry;yhky; Neubahf c];khd; mtHfsplk; te;jhHfs;. ~~mkPUy; K/kpdPd; mtHfNs! (kf;fs; topNfl;bd; ghy; nrd;W tpLk; Kd;dhy;) kf;fisg;gw;wp njupe;J nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;whHfs;. mg;NghJ c];khd; mtHfs; vd;d tplak;? vd; W Mr; r upaj; J ld; Nfl; l hHfs; > ehd; mHkP d pahit ntw;wpnfhs;tjw;fhf NghuhbNdd;. mg;NghJ \hk; thrpfs; cigapg;D f/g; mtHfs;; FHMid Xjpf;fhl;ba Kiwg;gb XjpdhHfs;> <uhf;thrpfs; Nfs;tpg;glhj Kiwapnyy;yhk; XjpdhHfs;. <uhf;thrpfNsh mg;Jy;yh`pg;D k];Cj; mtHfs; Xjpa Kiwg;gb XjpdhHfs;> \hk; thrpfs; Nfs;tpg;gl;buhjgb XjpdhHfs;. gpd;G xUtUf;nfhUtH jq;fSf;Fs; Kuz;gl;lhHfs; vd;gjw;fhf fhgpHfs; vd;wdH.|| vd;W $wpdhHfs;. kw;nwhU mwptpg;gpy;> ~~<uhf; thrpfSk; \hk; thrpfSk; ,t;thW gpur;rpidg;gLtijf; fz;l `_ijgh mtHfs; mtHfis fz;bj;Jtpl;L epr;rakhf ehd; ,ij K/kPd;fspd; jiytH c];khd; mtHfsplk; nfhz;L nry;Ntd; vd;W rg;jkpl;Ltpl;L te;jjhf Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.|| (gj;`_y;ghup 9:23)
193
,ijf; Nfl;l c];khd; mtHfs; Vw;fdNt ,J njhlHghf Nahrpj; J f; n fhz; b Ue; j jhy; fLikahff; ftiyg;gl;lhHfs;. gpd;G kf;fsplk; ciuahw;wpdhHfs;: ~~kf;fNs cq;fs; J}jH kuzpj;J 15 Mz;Lfs;jhd; nrd;wpUf;fpd;wd. mjw;Fs; FHMid XJtjpy; ,t;thW fUj;J Kuz;ghL nfhz;BHfNs vd;W $wpdhHfs;. gpd;G gy ]`hghf;fsplKk; vd;d nra;aKbAk;! vd;W MNyhrid Nfl;lhHfs; ,jpy; myp mtHfs; cs;spl;l gy Kf;fpa ]`hghf;fs; fye;J nfhz; l dH. ,jdhy; j hd; myp mtHfs; gpd; t UkhW nrhy;fpwhHfs;. ~~c];khd; mtHfs; kPJ ey;yijj; jtpu NtW vijAk; nrhy;yhjPHfs; my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf mtH FHMd; tplaj;jpy; nra;jJ mtH jd;dpr;irahf nra;jjpy;iy. vq;fspy; ngUk; xU $l;lj;jpd; KbitNa mtH nra;jhH. me;jf; $l;lj;jpy; FHMid XJk; Kiwapy; ePq;fs; vd;d nrhy;fpwPHfs; vd;whH? NkYk; vdf;F te;j jftypd;gb rpyH cdJ fpuhj;ij tpl vdJ fpuhmj;Jjhd; rpwe;jJ vd;W $Wfpd;wdH. ,J rpyNtis epuhfupg;Gf;F ,l;Lr;nrd;W tplyhk; vd;whH. mg;NghJ ehq;fs>; ~ePq;fs; vd;d fUJfpwPHfs;?| vd;Nwhk;. mjw;ftHfs; ~kf;fs; vy;NyhiuAk; xNu FHMdpy; xNu Kiwg;gb XJtjpy; xd;wpizf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidf;fpNwd;> mg;NghJjhd; fUj;J Kuz;ghLfSk; gpsTfSk; ,Uf;fhJ vd;W ehd; fUJfpNwd; vd;whHfs;. ehq;fs; vy;NyhUk; Mk; ePqfs; fUjpaJjhd; rupahdJ vd;Nwhk;.|| ; vdNt FHMid xNu Kiwapy; vy;NyhUk; XJk; gb nra; a Ntz; L k; vd; w Kbit vLj; j J c]; k hd; khj;jpuky;yhky; myp cs;spl;l Vida ]`hghf;fSk; NrHe;Nj vLj;jhHfs; vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. gpd;G ,e;jg;nghWg;ig epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf nghpanjhU FOit xd;wpizj;jhHfs;. ,jpy; cigapg;D f/g; > ]<j; ,g;Dy; M]; > i]j; gpd; jhgpj; Nghd;NwhH Kf;fpa ghj;jpuq;fshf ,Ue;jdH. ,jpy; ,lk;gpbj;j i]j; gpd; jhgpj; mtHfs; ,Wjpahf egpatHfsplk; [pg;uPy; (miy) ,uz;L
194
Kiw FHMid Xjpf;fhl;baNghJ egpAld; ,Ue;jtH. ,tH mG+gf;H mtHfspd; fhyjpy; FHMd; njhFf;fg;gl;lNghJ jiyikg; nghWg; i g Vw; W elj; j patUk; > t`pia vOjpatHfspy; xUtUkhthH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. gpd;G mG+gf;H fhyj;jpy; njhFf;fg;gl;L ckH mtHfspd; kuzj;jpd; gpd; mtupd; kfs; `g;]h mtHfsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUe;j FHMd; gpujp tutiof;fg;gl;L mjpypUe;J nghWg;Gr;rhl;lg;gl;l FOtpdhy; gy gpujpfs; vLf;fg;gl;ld. rpy mwptpg;Gf;fspd; gb 05gpujpfs; vLf;fg;ggl;ld vd;Wk; rpy mwptpg;Gf;fspd; gb 07gpujpfs; vLf;fg;gl;ld vd;Wk; te;Js;sJ ,tw;Ws; kf;fh> \hk;> vkd;> g`;iud;> g]uh> $gh Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fSf;F jyh xt;nthU gpujpfis mDg;gpitj;Jtpl;L kjPdhtpy; xU gpujpia itj;Jf;nfhz;lhHfs;. mDg;gg;gl;l gpujpfspd; gbNa jq;fs; fpuhj; Kiwia itj;Jf;nfhs;SkhW kf;fs; gzpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,e;j gpujpf;F khw; w khd fpuhj; Kiwfisf; nfhz; L s; s gpujpfis mopj;JtpLkhW jdJ gzpahl;fSf;F c];khd; mtHfs; fl;lisapl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; rpy mwptpg;Gf;fspd; gb ,e;j gpujpfSf; F Kuz; g Lk; gpujpfis fpopj; J tpLk; g b fl;lisapl;lhHfs; vd;W te;Js;sJ> ,ijNa gy mwpQHfSk; rupahdJ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. Mdhy; c];khd; mtHfs; ,e;jg;gpujpf;F Kuz;gLk; gpujpfis vupj;JtpLq;fs; vd;W nrhd;djhfNt kf;fSf;F kj;jpapy; gpugy;ak; mile;Js;sJ. vJ vt;thwpUg;gpDk; K];ypk;fis xNu mikg;gpy; FHMid Xjr;nra;Ak; tifapy; mike;j ,e;jr;Nrit vy;yh ]`hghf;fspd; VNfhgpj;j Kbthf ,Ue;jJ. myp mtHfs; cs;spl;l K];ypk;fs; vy;NyhUk; ,e;j tplaj;jpy; xw;Wikg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;j mNj Neuk; ,e;jg;gpujpf;F vjpuhdtw;iw vupf;fNth my;yJ fpopf;fNth Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpYk; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,jdhy; gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; c];khd; mtHfspd; fhyj; j py; ]`hghf; f shy; gpujpnra; a g; g l; l %yj;ijj;jtpu NtW vJTk; gpugy;ak; milatpy;iy.
195
,e;j epfo;it mjpfkhd mwpQHfs; jq;fs; E}y;fspy; gjpTnra;jpUe;jhYk; ,khk; ,g;D `[H (gj;`_y; ghup)> ,khk; ,g;DfjPH (my;gpjhah te;ep`hah)> ,khk; jguP (jhuP`;) Nghd;wtHfs; Kf;fpakhdtHfs;. vdNt ]`hghf;fspd; MNyhridg;gb c];khd; mtHfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,g;gzp fhyj;jpd; NjitahfTk;> K]; y pk; f s; jq; f s; Kjy; mbg; g ilahd my; F HMdpy; xw;Wikg;gLtjw;F ,d;wpaikahjjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. mjw;Fg;gpwF gpujhd efuq;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;l gpujpfis jOtpajhfNt jq;fs; fpuhj; mikg;igAk; fw;gpj;jiyAk; ]`hghf;fs; mikj;Jf;nfhz;ljhy; my;-FHMd; tplaj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; vy;NyhUk; xw;Wikg;gl;lhHfs;. my;`k;Jypy;yh`;. Mdhy; my; - FHMd; njhlHghd tpupthd mwpitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s tpUk;Gk; khztHfSf;F cjTk; tifapy; tpj;jpahrkhd fpuhj; mikg;Gf;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. vdNt> ,d;Wk; $l me;j VO fpuhj; KiwfisAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;s tpUk;GNthH Iakw mwpe;Jnfhs;syhk;. my;`k;Jypy;yh`;.
mG+ jHUy; fpghup mtHfis c];khd; mtHfs; ehL flj;jpdhHfsh?

mG+jH my;fpghup mtHfs; kdpjd; jdJ Njitf;F mjpfkhf jq;fk; itj;jpUg;gJ $lhJ vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;shH. mjhtJ mtd; mjw;Fupa ]fhj;ij nfhLj;jhYk; rup nfhLf;fhtpl;lhYk; rup mtdJ Njitf;F mjpfkhf cs;stw;iw kw;wtHfSf;F jHkk; nra;Jtply; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mG+jH mtHfspd; fUj;jhFk;. ,jd; gb> murhq;fk; jd; fUT+yj;jpy; mjpfkhd nrhj;Jf;fisr; Nrfupg;gJk; $lhj fhupakhFk;. Mdhy; Vida ]`hghf;fs; ,jw;F Kuz;gLfpd;wdH> mj;NjhL Vida vy;yh mwpQHfSk; mG+jH mtHfspd; fUj;Jf;F Kuz;gLfpd;wdH. xUtH flikahd ]fhj;ij nfhLj;Jtpl;L> jq;fk; nts;sp Nghd;wtw;iw jd; Njitf; F mjpfkhfTk; itj; j pUf; f yhk; > mJ jtwy; y
196
vd;fpd;wdH mwpQHfs;. ,e;j tplaj;jpy;jhd; c];khd; mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; mtupd; ftHdHfspy; xUtuhd KMtpah mtHfSf;Fk; mG+jH mtHfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; fUj;J Kuz;ghL Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;j epfo;it gyUk; gytpjkhf mwptpj;Js;sdH. mjpy; ,khk; G`hhp (u`;) mtHfs; gpd;tUkhW mwptpj;Js;shHfs;: ~~i]j; gpd; t`;g; nrhy;fpwhH: ehd; ug;jh vDk; gpuNjrj;jpd; topahf ele;J nrd;Nwd; mg;NghJ mG+jH my;fpghupia re;jpj;Njd;. ePqfs; ,e;j ,lj;jpw;F vg;gb te;jHfs;? ; P vd; N wd; ehd; \hk; gpuNjrj; j py; ,Ue; N jd; . vdf; F k; KMtpahtpw;Fk; ,ilapy; jq;fk; nts;spia Nrkpg;gJ njhlHghf fUj;J Kuz;ghL Vw;gl;lJ. ~(jq;fk; nts;spia gJf;Ftij jLf;ff;$ba trdk;) m`;Yy; fpjhGfs; tplaj;jpy;jhd; ,wq;fpaJ vd;W KMtpah mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. ehd;: ~,y;iy ,J vq;fs; tplaj;jpYk;> m`;Yy;fpjhGfs; tplaj;jpYk; ,wq;fpaJ| vd;Nwd;. ,UtUf;Fk; kj;jpapy; fUj;JNkhjy; tYg;ngw;wJ. KMtpah mtHfs; c]; k hd; mtHfSf; F tplaj;ij vOjpdhHfs;. ehd; ,J njhlHghfg; Ngrp kf;fSf;F ; kj;jpapy; gpur;rpidfSf;F tpj;jpLtjhfTk; Kiwapl;lhHfs;. vdf;F c];khd; mtHfs; fbjk; vOjpdhHfs;. vd;id kjP d htpw; F tUkhW Ntz; b f; n fhz; l hHfs; . kjP d hit nrd;wile;Njd;. mjpfkhd kf;fs; ,jw;F Kjy; fhzhjtHfisg; N ghd; W vd; i dr; #o; e ; J nfhz; l hHfs; . c];khd; mtHfsplk; ,ij mwptpj;Njd;. c];khd; mtHfs; eP q ; f s; tpUk; g pdhy; vq; f is tpl; L k; rw; W j; njhiytpypUf;fyhk; my;yJ kpfTk; neUf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;fyhk; vd;whHfs;. mJNt ,e;j ,lj;jpw;F vd;id ,wf;fpaJ. vdf;F xU vjpNahg;gpa ehl;L mibikiaj;jhd; jiytuhf;fpdhYk; ehd; mtUf;F nrtpNaw;W topg;gl;bUg;Ngd;.|| (G`hup 1496)
197
vdNt mG+jH mtHfis c];khd; mtHfNsh KMtpah mtHfNsh Juj; j Tkpy; i y@ mtiu ,opT gLj; j Tkpy; i y vd; g J mG+jH mtHfspd; thf; F %yj;jpypUe;Nj njspthfj; njupfpwJ. mG+jH mtHfs; ug;jhtpy; ,Ue;jNghJ c];khd; mtHfs; mtiu mioj;jhHfs;. mG+jH mtHfs; kjPdh tUfpwhH. c];khd; mtHfisg; ghHj;J@ ~fyPgh mtHfNs epr;rakhf ehd; cq;fSf;Fr; nra;j cWjp nkhopia Kwpf;ftpy;iy. xU kuj;jpd; Ntiu ePq;fs; gw;wpg;gpbf;fr; nrhy;ypapUe;jhYk; vdJ kuzk; tiu ehd; mt;thNw nra;jpUg;Ngd;| vd;whHfs;. mjw;F c];khd; mtHfs> ~mG+jHNu ePH Kwpf;ftpy;iy vd;gJk; ePH fl;Lg;gLtPH vd;gJk; vdf;Fj;njupAk;. MdhYk;> ePH kjPdhtpy; fl; l hak; ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; vd; g jw; f hfNt ck; i k ,q; F mioj;Njd;| vd;whHfs;. mjw;F mG+jH mtHfs; jhd; kjPdhtpy; ,Ug;gijtpl ug;jhtpy; ,Ug;gijNa mjpfkhf tpUk;GtjhfTk; mjw;F mDkjp jUkhWk; Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhH. c];khd; mtHfSk; (NtW topapd;wp) mDkjp toq;fpdhHfs;. ( )
198
m`{iuuh mtHfs; kPJ Rkj;jg;gLk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;.

mtH ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpdhy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpyiy: ;
,]; y hkpa tuyhw; w py; jtwhd nfhs; i ffis cilatHfshf ,Ue;j mj;jid FOf;fSk; mG+`_iuuh mtHfisf; Fiwfhz;gjpy; mjpf rpuj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wd. fhuzk; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; Vida ]`hghf;fistpl `jP];fis mjpfkhf mwptpj;jtH. mtupd; nra;jpfs; jtwhd nfhs; i ffis jfHj; n jwptjhf mike; J s; s d. ,e; j nra; j pfspypUe; n jy; y hk; tpLgl; L jq; f s; nfhs; i fia jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F xNu top mtiuNa ek;gfj;jd;ik mw;wtuhfTk; ,];yhj;jpw;F tpNuhjkhdtuhfTk; rpj;jupg;gjhFk;. ,jdhNyNa mG+`_iuuh mwptpj;j `jP];fis Fiwfhz;gij tpLj;J mtiuNa Fiwfhz;fpd;w eltbf; i ffspy; <LgLfpd; w dH. ,e; j f; Fw; w r; r hl; L f; f s; midj;JNk Mjhukw;wJk;> rpy re;jHg;g #o;epiyfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l thHj;ijfis jtwhd Nfhzq;fspy; tpsf;f KidtJNkahFk;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;l Mo;e;j ek;gpf;ifapdhYk;> mjd; nfhs;ifapy; mtUf;fpUe;j cs;shHe;j tpUg;gj;jpdhYNk ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhH vd;gjpy; ,];yhkpa mwpQHfSf;Fk;> ,];yhkpa nfhs;ifg;gpbg;Gs;s NtW vtUf;Fk; rw;Wk; rup re;Njfk; fpilahJ> MdhYk; rpyH ehk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l fhuzj;jpw;fhf jtwhd gpur;rhuq;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. mjpy; Kjd;ikahd gpur;rhuk; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljpNyNa rpf;fiy Vw;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rp. ~~mtH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ jd; tapw;iw tsHj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhfNtad;wp;> ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpdhy; my;y vd;gjhFk;|| ,jw;fhd gjpiy rw;W tpupthf Nehf;FNthk;. mjw;F Kd; d hy; ,e; j f; Fw; w r; r hl; b d; mbg; g ilia ehk; ,]; y hj; j pd; ghHitapy; ]`hghf; f s; 199 njupe;Jnfhs;Nthk;.
]`hghf;fspNy mjpfkhd `jP];fis mwptpj;jtH mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; j hd; . mtH 5374`jP ] ; f is mwptpj; j pUf; f pwhH. Vida ]`hghf; f s; ,e; j sTf; F ngUe;njhifahd `jP];fis mwptpj;jjpy;iy. ,J rpyUf;F re;Njfj;ij cUthf;FfpwJ. xU Ntis mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; egp kP J ,l; L f; f l; L fpwhNuh vDk; vz; z q; f nsy; y hk; Njhd;WfpwJ. rpy jhgpaPd;fs; rpy ]`hghf;fsplk; nrd;W ,J njhlHghf tpsf;fk; NfhUfpd;wdH. ,J mG+`_iuuh mtHfSf;Fk; njupfpwJ. mg;NghJjhd; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; jd; khztHfSf;F gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. ~~mG+`_iuuh `jP ] ; f is mjpfkhfr; n rhy; t jhfr; nrhy;fpd;wdH. my;yh`;jhd; vkf;F kj;jpapy; jPHg;gspf;fg; NghJkhdtdhf ,Uf;fpwhd;. K`h[pHfSf;Fk;> md;]hHfSf;Fk; vd;d ele;jJ? mtHfs; vtUk; mG+`_iuuhitg;Nghy mjpfkhd `jP];fis mwptpg;gjpy;iyNa vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhs;fpd;wdH. K`h[pHfs; tHj;jfj;jpy; <Lglf;$batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. vdJ NjhoHfshd md; ] hHfs; jq; f s; nrhj; J f; f is gupghypf; f f; $ batHfshf ,Ue; j hHfs; . ehNdh Vioahf ,Ue;Njd;. vd; tapw;iw epug;Gtjw;Nf egpatHfSld; ehd; ve;NeuKk; ,Ug;Ngd;. ,jdhy; mtHfs; tuhj rigfSf;F ehd; rKfkspg;Ngd;. mtHfs; kwf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; ehd; kddkpl;Lf;nfhs;Ntd;.|| (G`hup 2350> K];ypk; 2492) ,e;j nra;jpapy; tUk; mG+`_iuuh mtHfspd; xU $w; i w itj; J f; n fhz; N l ehk; NkNy Rl; b f; f hl; b a Fw;wr;rhl;ilr; nrhy;fpd;wdH. mjhtJ> mG+`_iuuh jd; tapw;iw epug;gNt ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhH@ mtUf;F nfhs;ifg;gw;nwy;yhk; fpilahJ. vd;fpd;wdH. ,q; N f ,e; j nra; j pia Mo; e ; J Nehf; F NthUk; > NkNyhl;lkhf Nehf;Fk; vtUk;; ,e;jf;Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fhd Mjhuk; vJTk; ,jpy; ,y;iy vd;Nw Fwpg;gpLthHfs;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfspd; ,e;jf;$w;W xU rigalf;fj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;l thHj;ijahFk;> ,J rhjhuzkhf vy; N yhuhYk; gad; g Lj; j g; g Lk; thHj; i j
200
KiwahFk;. xUtH rigapy; itj;J vk;ik GfOk; NghJ mg;gb vJTk; ek;kplk; ,y;iy. vd;W nrhy;Nthk;> mjw;fhf ekf; F vJTk; njupahJ> nrhd; d tH kilad; vd; W mHj;jkpy;iy> rigia mlf;Ftjw;fhf ehDk; cq;fisg; Nghd;wtd;jhd; ekf; F s; NtWghL fpilahJ vd; W rigNahupd; kdijj; Njw;Wtjw;fhfTk; vd;dplk; mg;gbahd Mztk; vJTk; ,y; i y vd; g ijf; fhl; L tjw; f hfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; thf;fpa KiwNa ,JthFk;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; nrhd; d thHj; i jAk; ,t;thwhdNj. rigapy; vy;NyhUk; cs;sNghJ mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; mjpfkhd nra;jpfis mwptpg;gjhf nrhd;dNjhL> mtiur; rpyH mjw; f hf GfoTk; > kw; w tHfs; ,t; t hW mwptpf; f tpy; i yNa vd; W Fiwg; g l; L f; nfhs; s Tk; Muk;gpf;fpwhHfs;. ,jd;NghNj mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; ,e;j thrfj; i j gad; g Lj; J fpwhHfs; . vdNt> ,J rig mlf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; jw;ngUikapypUe;J jd;id ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfspd; ,e;j thf;fpak;> jhd; Vd; mjpfkhd `jP];fis mwptpj;Njd; vd;gjw;fhd tpsf;fNkay;yhky;> jhd; Vd; ,];yhjj;jpw;F te;Njd; vd;gjw;fhd tpsf;fky;y. vdNt nkhl;ilj;jiyf;Fk; Koq;fhYf;Fk; Kbr;Rg;NghLtij epWj;jpf;nfhs;tNj nghUj;jkhFk;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; Muk;gj;jpy; Vioahf ,Ue;J ,];yhj;jpw;F te;jpUe;jhy; ehk; mtupd; tWikia Nghf;Ftjw;Nf ,];yhj;jpw;F te;jpUf;fpwhH vd;W nrhy;yKbAk;. Mdhy;> mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nra;J tUtjw;F Kd;dhy; mtuplk; xU mbikapUe;jjhfTk; mtH `p[;uj; nra;jNghJ mtuJ mbik mtiutpl;Lk; Xbtpl;ljhfTk; G`hupapy; (2532) tuf;$ba xU mwptpg;Gr; nrhy;fpwJ. vdNt mG+`_iuuh ,];yhj;jpw;F tUtjw;F Kd;dhy; mbikia itj;J jd; fhupaq;fisg; ghHj;Jnfhs;SksTf;F trjp gilj;jtuhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhH vd;gJ njupfpwJ.
201
vdNt> mtH tapW tsHg; g jw; f hf ,]; y hj; i j Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njit mtUf;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mj;NjhL mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;W kjPdhtpw;F te;jJ Kjy; fLikahd grpahYk; tWikahYk; Nrhjpf;fg;gLfpwhH. cz;ikapy; tapw;Wg; gpiog;gpw;fhf ,];yhj;jpw;F te;jpUe;jhy; te;j mNj Ntfj;jpy; jpUk;gpr; nrd;wpUg;ghH. mg;gb mtH nra;atpy;iy. Nrhjidfs; kiyNghy; Nghl;bNghl;Lf; nfhz;L te;jNghJk; vjpHePr;rybj;Jf; nfhz;L egpapd; nra;jpfis KOikahf kddkpLtjpy; jdJ ftdj;ijj; jpUg;gpdhHfs;. ,J mtHfspd; nfhs;ifg; gw;Wf;F XH vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. kf;fhtpypUe;J kjPdhtpw;F nry;tjw;F RkhH 480fpNyh kP l ; l H J}uj; i jf; flf; f Ntz; L k; . ghijfs; vJTk; nrg;gdplg;glhky;> ghiytdkhf ,Ue;j me;jf;fhyj;jpy; Fwpj;j J}uj;ijf; flg;gjw;F Fiwe;jJ 06ehl;fshtJ Njitg;gLk;. nfhOj;Jk; ntapypy; kiyfs; epiwe;j ghiytdg;gFjpia Fjpiuapy; flg;gJ vd;gJ mt;tsT ,yFthd fhupakd;W. ,t;tsT f];lq;fisAk; jhz;b jdJ ehl;il tpl;L tpl;L nfhs;iff;fhf NtnwhU ehl;Lf;F ,lk; ngaHe;jtiug; ghHj;J tapw;iw epug;gNt te;jhH vd;gJ vt;tsT kjpnfl;l thHj;ij vd;gij ehk; Gupe;Jnfhs;syhk;. 480fpNyhkPlliu rhg;ghl;Lf;fhff; ; fle;jhH vd;gJ? cz;ikapy; md;wpUe;j #oypy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; jdJ tapw;iw epug;g kjPdh nry;y Ntz;ba mtrpak; JspAkpy;iy. ~jdf;F tWikahapUf;fpwJ> mijg;Nghf;f ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;NghfpNwd;| vd;W gfpuq;fkhf mwptpj;jpUe;jhNy NghJk;. vy;NyhUk; mtUf;F ed;nfhilfis toq; f p mtiu ed; w hf cgrupj; j pUg; g hHfs; > rpyNghJ nry;te;jdhff;$l khw;wpapUg;ghHfs; mjw;fhf mt;tsT J}uk; fle;J kjPdhtpw;F tuNtz;ba Njit ,Ue;jpUf;fhJ. Mdhy; mtH mt;thW nra;atpy;iy> mtUf;F mJ NjitAkpy;iy. ,J mtupd; nfhs;ifg;gw;iwNa fhl;LfpwJ.
202
mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; khj;jpuk; jdJ czTf;F egpatHfNs nghWg;G vd;w epiyapy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy Vuhskhd ]`hghf; f s; ,e; j epiyapy; ,Ue; j hHfs; . mtHfis jpz;izj;NjhoHfs; vd;W ehk; miof;fpNwhk;. ,tHfs; vy;NyhUNk egpatHfSf;F tUk; ed;nfhilfspy; gq;FNghl;L jq;fs; tapWfis epug;gpf;nfhs;sNt ,t; t hW ,]; y hj; i j Vw; W f; n fhz; l hHfs; vd; W vtUk; nrhy;tjpy;iy. ,J Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;j xU ghlrhiy Kiw. mjhtJ ,];yhj;ij fw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf jq;fis rpyH mHg;gzpg;ghHfs;. mtHfs; njhopy;fspy; <Lgl;L jq;fs; Neuj;jpid mjpNy nrytplhky;> jq;fs; KO Neuj;ijAk; ,];yhj;ij fw;Wf;nfhs;tjpNy nrytpLthHfs; mtHfspd; nghUshjhu uPjpahd Njitfis eptHj;jp nra;Ak; nghWg;ig kw;Wk; rpyH Vw;Wf; nfhs;thHfs;. ,d;wstpYk; ,e;j Kiw ekJ ehLfspYk; Vida ehLfspYk; tof;fpypUf;fpwJ. ekJ ehLfspypUe; J gyH vkJ mz; i l ehlhd ,e;jpahtpw;F gyH ,];yhj;ijf; fw;gjw;fhfr; nry;thHfs;. mtHfs; mq;F nrd;W njhopy; Guptjpy;iy> mtHfspd; czT kw;Wk; Vida NjitfSf;fhd nryTfis me;jf;fy;Y}upf;F fpilf; f pd; w ed; n fhilfspypUe; J me; j f; f y; Y }upNa nryTnra;Ak;. mjw;fhf ,q;fpUe;J nrd;wtHfs; vy;NyhUk; rhg;ghl;Lf;fhfj;jhd; ,e;jpah nrd;whHfs; vd;W vtUNk nrhy;tjpy;iy. ,J Nghd;W ,aq;fpa xU fy;Y}up KiwNa md;wpUe;j ~m`;Y];]_g;gh| Kiw vd;W ehk; nrhy;yyhk;. ,jpypUe; j tHfspd; czTj; Njitfis egpatHfNs mtHfSf;F tUk; md;gspg;Gf;fspypUe;J eptHj;jp nra;thHfs;. mjw;fhf mtHfs; midtUk; tapW tsHf;fNt egpAld; ,Ue;jhHfs; vd;gJ mwpthspfspd; thjkd;W. ,];yhj;jpy; gw;wpy;yhj vtUk;> kw;wtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;fhjjw;fhf tUj;jNkh> ftiyNah milakhl;lhHfs;. Mdhy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpdhy; kw;wtUk; ,e;j ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W ftiyg; g l; l hHfs@ mtHfs; Vw; W f; n fhs; S k; NghJ re;Njhrkile;jhHfs;.
203
mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ Kjy; jdJ jhAk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf xt;nthU ehSk; mtiu ,];yhj;jpd; ghy; mioj;Jf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhHfs;. Mdhy; jhNah ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhf ,y;iy. ,t;thW njhlHe;J ele;J nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. xU ehs; mG+`_iuuh mtHfspd; jhahH egp mtHfs; tplaj; j py; jdJ kfd; ntWf; F k; tpjkhfg; NgrptpllhHfs; . mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; egpatHfsplk; mOJnfhz;Nl tUfpwhH. egp mtHfs; fhuzj;ijf; Nfl;fpwhHfs;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; fhuzj;ij tpsf;fpaNjhL jdJ jhahupd; NeHtopf;fhfg; gpuhHj;jpf;FkhW egpatHfsplk; Ntz;bf;nfhs;s egpatHfSk; ~~,iwth! mG+`_iuuhtpd; jha;fF ; NeHtop fhl;Lthahf" vd;W gpuhHj;jpf;fpwhHfs;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; tPL nrd;w NghJ re;Njhrkhd xU KbT mtiu tuNtw;wJ. mG+`_iuuh mtHfspd; jhahH ,];yhj;ij Vw;wpUe;jhH. Jf;fj;jhy; mOJnfhz;L egpaplk; te;j mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; kPz;Lk; egpatHfsplk; re;Njhrj;jhy; mOJ nfhz;Nl tUfpwhHfs;. egpatHfsplk; tplaj;ijr; nrhy;yptpl;L kPzLk; xU gpuhHj;jidia nra;AkhW ; egpatHfsplk; NfhUfpwhHfs;. mjhtJ vq;fis K/kPd;fs; Nerpf;ff;$batHfshfTk;> ehq;fs; K/kPd;fis Nerpg;gtHfshfTk; ,Uf;f gpuhHj;jid nra;AkhW Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhHfs;. egpatHfSk; mt;thNw nra;jhHfs;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;@ egpatHfspd; gpuhHj;jidf;Fg;gpd; vq;fisg;gw;wp Nfs;tpg;gLfpd;w K/kPDk; my; y J vq; f is re; j pf; F k; ve; j K/kP D k; vq; f is Nerpf;ff;$batHfshfNt ,Ue;jdH.|| (K];ypk; 2491) epr;rakhf nfhs;ifg; gw;wpy;yhky; tapw;Wg; gpiog;Gf;fhf khj;jpuk; egpatHfSld; ,Ug;gtuhy;> ,t;thwhd njhlHr;rpahd Kaw;rpia Nkw;nfhs;tJ ,ayhj fhupakhFk;. ,t;thW mG+`_iuuh mtHfspd; nfhs; i fapd; cWjpiaAk;
204
Moj; i jAk; njspthf tpsf; F k; > Vuhskhd tuyhw; W f; Fwpg;Gf;fs; epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mG+`_iuuh mtHfspd; tuyhw;iwg; gbf;Fk; vtUk; ,j;jifa Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fspd; cz;ik epiyia Gupe;Jnfhs;tNjhL njspthf mitfis kWf;fTk; mjw;nfjpuhf gpur;rhuk; nra;tjw;Fk; KidthHfs;.
rpyNghJ Map\h mtHfsplk; cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;ljhf mg;Ju;u`;khd; my;Kmy;ypkp (u`;) mtHfs; jdJ ~md;thUy; fh\pgh| vDk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. `jP];fis ,l;Lf;fl;LgtHfs;> jtwhfr;nrhy;gtHfs; tplaj;jpy; ]`hghf;fs; kw;wtHfis vr;rupj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. khHf;fj;ijg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; mjpf mf;fiw nfhz;l ]`hghf;fs; ,e;j tplaj;jpy; ahH?> vtH? vd;W ghHf; f hky; vtuhf ,Ue; j hYk; Rl; b f; f hl; l Tk; > jFe; j eltbf;iffis vLf;fTk; nra;jdH. Mdhy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; tplaj;jpy; mt;thW eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;ljhf tuyhWfs; vJTk; fpilahJ. Map\h mtHfSk;> ,g;D ckH mtHfSk; mG+`_iuuh mtHfis ,l;Lf;fl;LfpwhH vd;W re;Njfpj;jjhf rpyH fijasf;fpd;wdH. ,UtUk; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; kPJ re;Njfg;gl;ljw;fhd ve;j tuyhw;Wj; jlaq;fSk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy nra;jpfspy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; jtwpioj;jpUg;gjhf epidj;jdH. mitfisAk; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; Vida ]`hghf;fsplk; Nfl;L cWjpg;gLj;jpaNghJ jq; f s; $w; i wf; fise; J mG+`_iuuh mtHfisg; Gfo;e;jhHfs;. ,khk; `hfpk; (u`;) mtHfs; jdJ ~~K];jj;uf;|| vd;w E}ypNy Map\h mtHfs; mG+`_iuuhtplk; Nfl; L mwptpj;jpUg;gjhf Fwpg;gpLfpd;whHfs;. cz;ikapy; Map\h mtHfs; mG+`_iuuh kPJ re;Njfg;gl;bUe;jhy; mtuplkpUe;J nra;jpfis mwptpj;jpUf;fkhl;lhHfs;. ,JNghyNt> Vuhskhd ]`hghf;fs; mG+`_iuuh mtHfsplkpUe;J nra;jpfisf; Nfl;L mwptpj;jpUg;gjhf ,khk; ,g;D `[H (u`;) mtHfs; jdJ 'my;-,]hgh" vd;w E}ypYk;> ,khk; j`gp (u`;) mtHfs; jdJ ]paH vDk; E}ypYk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. cz;ikapy; mG+`_iuuh `jP];fis ,l; L f; f l; l f; $ batuhf ,Ue; j pUe; j hy; > ngUe; j pushd ]`hghf;fs; mtuplkpUe;J `jP]fis mwptpj;jpUf;fkhl;lhHfs;. ;
mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; egp mtHfs; kPJ ,l;Lf;fl;bdhHfsh?

mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; `p. 07k; Mz;L egpatHfs; i`gH Nghhpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ kjPdhtpw;F te;jhHfs;. gpd;G egpatHfs; kuzpf;Fk; tiu egpatHfSld; ,Ue;jhHfs;. RkhH 04tUlq;fs; egp mtHfSld; ,Ue;jhHfs;. MdhYk; Vida vy; y h ]`hghf; f isAk; tpl mjpfkhd nra; j pfis mwptpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. mtH 5374`jP]fis mwptpj;jpUf;fpwhH. ; ,t;tsT nra;jpfis egpatHfSld; 10my;yJ 20tUlq;fs; vd;W ,Ue;j Vida ]`hghf;fs; mwptpf;ftpy;iy. vdNt mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; egpkPJ ,l;Lf;fl;btpl;lhuh? vDk; re; N jfk; Njhw; W tpf; f g; g Lfpd; w J. \P M f; f s; Nghd; w ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; K];ypk;fSf;Fk; tpNuhjkhd FOf;fs; mtH egp mtHfs; kP J ,l; L f; f l; b tpl; l hH vd; W gpur; r huk; nra;fpd;wdH. ,jd; cz;ik epiyia rw;W tpupthf Muha;Nthk;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; jdJ `jP ] ; tFg; i g Muk;gpf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk;@ ~~ahH vd;kJ Ntz;Lnkd;W ngha;ia P ,l;Lf;fl;LfpwhNdh mtd; mtdJ jq;Fkplj;ij eukhf;fpf; nfhs;sl;Lk;|| vDk; `jPi]f;nfhz;Nl Muk;gpg;ghHfs; ,J mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; jhd; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jpfspy; jtWfs; ele;Jtplf;$lhJ vd;gjpy; mtjhdkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhHfs; vd; g ijf; fhl; L fpwJ. epiyik ,t; t hwpUf; f mtH ,l;Lf;fl;bAs;shH vd;W nrhy;tJ? mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; jdf;F re;Njfkhf ,Uf;Fk; nra;jpfis> Vida ]`hghf;fsplk; Nfl;L cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l gpd;dNu mwptpf;ff;$batHfshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.
205
206
,tHfs; midtUNk ngha;apy; xd;Wgl;Ls;shHfs; vd;gJ epr;rakhf A+fpf;f Kbahj ,khya tplakhFk;. ,J jtpu> mjpfkhd ]`hghf;fs; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jpfs; cz;ikahdit vd;Wk;> mtH vq;fistpl `jP]fisg; gw;wp mjpfk; mwpTs;stHfs; vd;Wk; ; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdH. ,g;D ckH mth;fs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;: mG+`_iuuh vd;idtpl rpwe;jtH vd;idtp;l mwpe;jtH. ( ) kw;nwhU mwptpg;gpy; ,g;D ckH mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs; ~~mG+`_iuuhNt ePH vq;fspNy mjpf Neuj;ij egpatHfSld; fopf;ff;$batuhf ,Ue;jH egpatHfspd; nra;jpfis vq;fistpl P mjpfk; ghlkpLgtuhfTk; ,Ue;jPH|| () mG+`_iuuh mtHfis re;Njfj;NjhL ghHj;jpUe;jhy;! ,g;D ckH mtHfspdhy; ,t;thW nrhy;yKbAkh? epr;rakhf KbahJ. jy;`h gpd; cigJy;yh`; mtHfsplk; xU kdpjH te;J 'mG+ K`k;kNj ,e;j nakd; thrpia (mG+`_iuuhit) ePq;fs; ghHf;ftpy;iyah? mtnud;d cq;fs; vy;NyhiuAk; tpl `jP];fs; gw;wp mjpf mwpTs;stuh? cq;fsplk; Nfl;fhj gy nra;jpfis mtuplkpUe;J Nfl;fpNwhNk! mtH egpatHfs; nrhy;yhjijnay;yhk; egpatHfs; nrhd;djhfr;nrhy;;fpwhuh?" vd;W Nfl;lhH. mjw;F jy;`h mtHfs; me;j kdpjidg; ghHj;J: ~~ehq;fs; Nfl;fhjtw;iw mtH egpatHfsplkpUe;J Nfl;lhH vd;gjpy; ehk; re;Njfg;glkhl;Nlhk;. epr;rakhf ehk; Nfl;fhjtw;iw mtH Nfl;bUg;ghH> Vnddpy; mtH xU Vio> mtUf; F nrhj; J nry; t k; ,Uf; f tpy; i y. egpatHfspd; tpUe;jpdiug;Nghy ,Ue;jhH egpAila ifAld; mtUila if ,Uf;Fk;. ehq;fs; tPLfspd; nrhe;jf;fhuHfs;> nry;te;jHfs;. egpatHfsplk; xU ehisf;F ,uz;L jlitfs;jhd; tUNthk;. vdNt> ehq;fs; Nfl;fhj gy nra;jpfis egpatHfsplkpUe;J mG+`_iuuh Nfl;bUg;ghH vd;gjpy; ehk; re;Njg;glkhl;Nlhk;.|| (jpHkpjp)
207
ngha;ahd `jP]fisg; Gide;Jiug;gtHfs; tplaj;jpy; ; fLikahd eltbf;iffis mjpfk; vLj;j `yPghf;fspy; fyPgh `h&d; u\Pj; gpujhdkhdtH. ,tUila fhyj;jpy; `jP]fis ; ,l;Lf;fl;LgtHfis fz;Lgpbg;gjw;nfd;W jdpahd Msdp itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,tuJ fhyj;jpy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfis ,tH kpfTk; nfsutpj;jhH. ,tH xU jlit mG+`_iuuh mtHfspd; Qhgfrf;jpia guPl;rpf;fntd. mtiu jdJ khspiff;F mioj;jhH. jdJ vOj; j hsiu jpiuf; F g; g pd; d hy; cl; f huitj; J jhd; mG+`_iuuhtplk; Nfl;Fk; nra;jpfisAk; mtH nrhy;Yk; nra;jpfisAk; gjpT nra;AkhW gzpj;jhH. nra;jpfnsy;yhk; vOjg;gl;ld> gpd;G rupahf xU tUlk; fopj;jgpd;. kPz;Lk; mG+`_iuuhit jd; muritf;F mioj;J> jdJ vOj; j hsiuAk; mioj; J mtH xU tUlj; j pw; F Kd; mG+`_iuuhtplkpUe;J vOjpa nra;jpfisf; nfhz;LtUkhWk; gzpj;jhH.mLj;j gj;J me;j nra;jpfis mG+`_iuuh nrhy;Yk;NghJ jpiukiwtpypUe;J rupghHf;FkhW gzpj;jhH. mG+`_iuuh tUfpwhH. `h&d; u\PJk; jhd; xU tUlj;jpw;F Kd; Nfl;l nra;jpfis kPzLk; Nfl;fpwhH. mG+`_iuuh kPzLk; ; ; mNj nra;jpfisr; nrhy;fpwhH. vOj;jhsH xg;gpl;L Nehf;Ffpd;whH. vd;d Mr;rupak;. Kd;Df;F tuNtz;baij gpd;Df;Nfh gpd;Df;F tuNtz;baij Kd;Df;Nfh nrhy;yhky; xU mr;ruk; $l jtwhky; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; mg; g bNa nrhd; d hHfs; ,J midtiuAk; kiyf;fitj;jJ. ,g;gbAk; xU kdd rf;jpah! vd;W midtUk; Edp%f;fpy; tpuy;itj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. mtH egpaplk; Nfl;l mj;jid thHj;ijfSk; gRkuj;jhzpNghy; rpiyapy; vOj;Jg;Nghy mtuJ cs;sj;jpy; Mokhf gjpejpUe;jij ; me;j epfo;T glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;bw;W. (]paU m/yhkpd;Dgyh) epr;rakhf ,l;Lf;fl;Lk; xUtuhy; ,t;thW nrhy;y KbahJ vd;gJ nts;spil kiy. mj;NjhL mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; egpatHfSld; 04 tUlq;fs; gpupahky; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,jw;Fs; jhd; tUtjw;F Kd;dhy; egpatHfs; nrhd;d nra;jpfis Vida ]`hghf;fsplk; Nfl;L
208
kddkpl;Lf;nfhz;lhHfs;. vdNt 04 tUlq;fspy; mtuplk; ngUk; njhifahd nra;jpfs; kddkplg;gl;bUe;jd. 04 tUlq;fspy; xUtH 5374 `jP];fis kddkpLtJ xd;Wk; Mr;rupakhd fhupaky;y. ,d;iwf;F 01tUlj;jpw;Fs; my;yJ mjw;Fk; Fiwthd fhyj;jpy; 6000j;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd trdq; f isf; n fhz; L s; s my; - FHMid kddkpLk; gyH ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. vdNt `jP]fis kddkpLtjw;nfd;W jd;id ; mHg;gzpj;j xUtuhy; ,t;tsT nra;jpfis kddkpLtJ rhjhuzkhd tplak;. ,jpy; mtH ,l;Lf;fl;bdhH vd;W re;Njfg;glNtz;ba mtrpak; fpilahJ.
vdJ rpghuprpw;F kpfTk; jFjpahdtH. csg;G+Htkhf yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`; vd;W nrhy;gtHjhd;.|| vd;whHfs;. ,e; j nra; j papd; %yk; `jP i ]f; fw; g jpYk; mij kddkpLtjpYk; mtUf;fpUe;j MHtk; re;Njfkw ep&gzkhfpwJ.
02. ve;NeuKk; mG+`_iuuh t mtHfs; egpAld; ,Ue;jJ.

Vida ]`hghf;fisg;Nghd;W mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; Njhl;le;JuTfSf;F nrhe;jf;fhuuhfNth tpahghuk; nra;gtuhfNth ,Uf;ftpy;iy. gps;isFl;bfs; vd;W vJTk; mtUf;F ,y;iy mjdhy; KOikahf egp mtHfSld; jdJ Neuj;ijr; nrytpl;lhHfs;. egpatHfs; gpuahzj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJk; Cupy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJk; egpAlNdNa ,Ug;ghHfs;. ,jdhy; Vida ]`hghf;fs; fye;Jnfhs;shj gy rigfspy; egpatHfSld; fye; J nfhs; S k; tha; g ; G mG+`_iuuh mtHfSf; F f; fpilj;jJ. ,JTk; Vida ]`hghf;fistpl mG+`_iuuh `jP];fis mjpfkhf mwptpj;jjw;fhd gpujhd fhuzpfspnyhd;whFk;. ,g;D ckH mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;@ ~~mG+`_iuuhNt! vq;fspNy egp mtHfSf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhdtuhf ePH ,Ue;jPH NkYk; vq;fspNy egpatHfspd; `jP];fis mjpfk; mwpe;jtuhfTk; ePH jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wPH.|| (jpHkpjp) ,khk; G`hup (u`;) mtHfs; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; gw;wpr;nrhy;Yk; NghJ> ~~Vida ]`hghf;fs; rKfkspf;fhj rigfSf;F mtH rKfkspj;jhH VidatHfs; kddkplhjtw;iwnay;yhk; mtH kddkpl;Lf;nfhz;lhH.|| (G`hup 118) K];ypkpy; cs;s xU mwptpg;gpy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: ~~mtHfs; (ngUk;ghd;ikahd ]`hghf;fs;) rKfkspffhj rigfSf;F ehd; rKfkspjNjd; mtHfs; kwe;jhy; ; ; ehd; Qhgfk; itj;jpUg;Ngd; vd;W ehd; rhl;rp $WfpNwd;|| (K];ypk; 2492) vq;fspy; egpatHfSld; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jtUk; `jP]fs; ; tplaj; ,]; hapy; mwpTs;stUk; mG+`_iuuhjhd; vd;W mjpfkhd M.B.M. jpy; kmjpf (kjdp) 210 ]`hghf;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;.
mjp ; m fkhd `jP]fis mG+`_iuuh mtHfspdhy; vt;thW mwptpff Kbe;jJ! ;

ehk; NkNy nrhd;dijg; Nghy mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; mwptpj;jpUf;Fk; 5374nra;jpfs; vd;gJ mtH egpAld; ,Ue;j fhyj; i j xg; g pLk; N ghJ rhjhuzkhf njupe; j pUf; f pd; w kddkplKbAkhd vz;zpf;ifapy; mike;j nra;jpfNsahFk;. Mdhy; Vida ]`hghf;fNshL xg;gpLk;NghJ mjpfkhf cs;sJ. ,J vt;thW rhj;jpakhdJ vd;gij mtjhdpg;Nghk;. ,jw;F mwpQHfs; gy fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH.
01. `jP];fis kddkpLtjpYk; fw;Wf;nfhs;tjpYk; mtUf;fpUe;j MHtk;:

Vida ]`hghf;fistpl mG+`_iuuh mtHfsplk; ,J rw;W mjpfkhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ mjw;F egpatHfNs rhl;rp ; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; egp mtHfsplk;@ ~~kWikapy; cq;fspd; rpghuprpw;F kpfTk; jFjpahdtH ahH? || vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F egpatHfs; ~~mG+`_iuuhNt cdf;F `jP]py; ,Ue;j MHtj;ijf; fz;l ehd; ,J njhlHghf Kjypy; cd;idj;jtpu NtWahUk; Nfl;fkhl;lhHfs; vd;W epidj;jpUe;jpUe;Njd;. (mJNghyNt ele;Jtpl;lJ) kWikapy;
209
mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; jdJ mj;jid NtiyfisAk; xJf;fptpl;L ,];yhj;ij gbg;gjw;nfd;Nw jdJ tho;f;ifia mHg;gzpj;jpUe;jhH. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; ,e;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;F gjpy;nrhy;Yk; mbg;gilapy; nrhy;fpwhH: ~~mG+`_iuuh `jP]fis mjpfkhf mwptpf;fpwhH vd;W ; Ngrpf;nfhs;fpwhhHfs;. my;yh`;Nt ,jw;F rhl;rp. K`h[pHfSf;Fk;> md;]hHfSf;Fk; vd;d ele;jJ? mtHfs; mG+`_iuuh mwptpg;gijg;Nghd;W `jP];fis mwptpg;gjpy;iyNa vd;Wk; tpkHrpf;fpd;wdH. vdJ rNfhjuHfshd K`h[pHfisg; nghWj;jtiuf;Fk; re;ijf;Fr; nrd;W tpahghuk; nra;af;$batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. md;]hHfNsh> nrhj;Jf;fs; mjpfk; ngw; w tHfshf ,Ue; j dH. Mdhy; ehNdh ve; j njhopYf;Fk; nry;yhj Vioahf ,Ue;Njd; vdJ grpiag;Nghf;f egpatHfSf;F tUk; ed;nfhilfspy; cz;L nfhz;L ve;NeuKk; egpatHfSld; ,Ue; N jd; . ,jdhy; mtHfs; tuhj gy rigfSf;F ehd; tUNtd;. mtHfs; kwe;j nra;jpfis ehd; kddkpl;Lf;nfhs;Ntd;.|| (G`hup 2350> 2047 K];ypk; 2492)
Kiwapl;lhHfs;> mg;NghJ egpatHfs; 'cdJ NghHitia tpup" vd;whHfs;. tpupj;Njd;. mtHfspd; ,Ufuq;fisAk; %b vdJ NghHitapy; itj;jhHfs;. gpd;G me;jg;NghHitia vLj;J mizj;Jf;nfhs;SkhW nrhd;dhHfs; mizj;Jf;nfhz;Nld;. mjw;Fg;gpwF ehd; Nfl;l nra;jpfs; vijAk; kwe;jjpy;iy.|| (G`hhp 119) kw;nwhU mwptpg;gpy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: xU jlit ehd; egp mtHfsplk; te;Njd;> mg;NghJ egpatHfs; ~~vd;Dila Ngr;ir Kbf;Fk; tiu ahH mtuJ NghHitia tpupj;J gpd;G mij RUl;bf;nfhs;tJ vd;whHfs;. mg;gb nra;gtH vd;dplkpUe;J Nfl;l ve;j nra;jpiaAk; kwf;fkhl;lhH vd;whH. ehd; vd;kPJ ,Ue;j NghHitia vLj;J tpupj;Njd;> gpd;G RUl;bf;nfhz;Nld;. ,iwtd; kPJ Mizahf mjw;Fg;gpwF ehd; mtuplkpUe;J Nfl;l ve;j nra;jpiaAk; kwe;jjpy;iy." (G`hhp 7354) ,t;thW egpatHfspd; gpuhHj;jid mG+`_iuuh mtHfSf;F fpilj;jjdhy;. vy;yh ]`hghf;fisAk; kpQ;rpa Qhgf rf; j p mtUf; F ,Ue; j J ,JTk; mtH vy; y h ]`hghf;fisAk; tpl `jP];fis mjpfkhf mwptpg;gjw;Ff; fhuzkhdJ.
03. Vida ]`hghf; f is tpl mG+`_iuuh t mtHfsplkpUe;j mghukhd Qhgrff;jp:

mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; Vida ]`hghf;fspYk; ghHf;f Qhgfrf;jp $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,khk;fs; ,tupd; Qhgfrf;jp EGt;tj;jpd; milahsk; vd;W Fwpgpg;gpLfpd;wdH. mjhtJ ,tuJ Qhgf rf;jpf;fhf ,iwj;J}jH mtHfs; gpuhHj;jid nra;jpUe;jhHfs;. my;yh`; mij Vw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,jdhy; mtUf;F vy;yh ]`hghf;fisAk; tpl kpfTk; mjpfkhd Qhgfrf;jp ,Ue;jJ. ,J cz;ikapy; K`k;kj; mtHfs; xU egp vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf jpfo;fpwJ. mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; xU jlit egpatHfsplk;: 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu ehd; mjpfkhd `jP]fis cq;fsplkpUe;J ; Nfl; f pNwd; > " Mdhy; > mij kwe; J tpLfpNwd; " vd; W
211
04. ,iwtd; kPjpUe;j gak;:

mwpit kiwg;gjdhy;> ,iwtdplj;jpy; mjpf jz;lid fpilf;Fk; vd;gjpy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfSf;F ,Ue;j gaKk; mtH mjpfkhd `jP];fis mwptpg;gjw;F fhuzkhapw;W. my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf ,iwNtjj;jpy; ,uz;L trdq;fs; ,y;iynad;why; ehd; xUNghJk; ve;j nra;jpiaAk; cq;fSf;F mwptpjjpUf;fkhl;Nld; vd;W ,uz;lhk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; ; 159> 160tJ trdq;fis mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; Rl;bf;fhl;bdhHfs;. (G`hhp 2350> K];ypk; 2492) mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLk; me;j ,uz;L trdq;fSk; gpd;tUkhW.
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~~kf;fSf;fhf ehk; Ntjj;jpy; njspTgLj;jpa gpd;dH ehk; ,wf;fpa njspthd rhd;WfisAk;> topfhl;liyAk; ahH kiwf;fpd;whHfNsh mtHfis epr;rakhf my;yh`; rgpf;fpd;whd;. rgpg;g(jw;F cupik cila)tHfSk; rgpf;fpd;wdH. Mdhy;> vtHfs; (jk; jtwpypUe;J) ght kd;dpg;Gf;Nfhup> jk;ik rPHjpUj;jpf; nfhz;L> (jhk; kiwj;jtw;iw) njspTgLj;Jfpd;whHfNsh mtHfis ehd; kd;dpg;Ngd;. ehd; kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd;@ epfuw;w md;Gilatd;.|| (2:159>160)
mg;JHu`;khd; my;-Kmy;ypkp (u`;) mtHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;: ~~egp mtHfSf;Fg;gpd; mG+gf;H mtHfs; ,uz;L tUlq; f s; j hd; tho; e ; j hHfs; . me; j ,uz; L tUlKk; Ml;rpj;jiytuhf ,Ue;J K];ypk;fspd; tptfhuq;fisf; ftdpg;gjpy; <Lgl;;lhHfs;. mG+gf;H mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; ckH mikr;Rg; gjtpfspy; ,Ue;jNjhL> tpahghuj;jpYk; <Lg;gl;lhHfs;. mG+gf;H mtHfspd; gpd;G K];ypk;fspd; tptfhuq;fisf; ftdpf;fpd;w fyPghthdhHfs;. ,khk; `hfpk; mtHfs; jkJ ~K];jj;uf;| vDk; E}ypy; mwptpf;fpwhHfs; KMj;gpd; [gy; mtHfs; jkJ NjhoHfSf;F mwpitj; NjLkhW cgNjrpj;jNjhL> mGj;jHjh> ]y;khd;> ,g;D k];Cj;> mg;Jy;yh`; Nghd;w ]`hghf;fsplk; fw;Wf;nfhs;SkhWk; nrhd;dhHfs; mg;NghJ a]Pjgpd; cikuh ; ~ckH mtHfsplk; fw;fyhkh?| vd;W Nfl;lhH. mjw;F KMj; mtHfs; mtuplk; vijg;gw;wpAk; eP Nfl;fhNj Vnddpy; mtH NtW tplaq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;JfpwhH vd;whHfs;. c];khd;> myp mtHfs; vy;NyhUk; mikr;Rg;gjtpfis tfpj;jdH. gpd;G Ml;rpg;nghWg;ig Vw;wdH. mjpfkhd gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; n fhLj; j dH. mwpitj; N jbg; gpuahzk; nra; j tHfs; vy;NyhUk;> ,tHfisg; Nghd;wtHfis mjpfkhf nfsutpj;jNjhL> (mtHfs; epUthf Ntiyfspy; <Lgl;ljdhy; mtHfSf;F `jP]fis mwptpg;gjpy; jtWfs; Vw;glyhk; vd;W ; gae;jjpd; fhuzkhf) mtHfsplkpUe;J `jP];fis fw;gij Fiwj;Jf;nfhz;ldH. mJ NghyNt> vy;yh ]`hghf;fSk; ek;gpf;ifahdtHfshfTk;> gyk; tha;ejtHfshTk; ,Ue;jjdhy; ; mtHfs; (epHthfj; Jiwapy; <Lgl;ltHfs;) my;yhj Vida ]`hghf;fis itj;J NghJkhf;fpf;nfhz;ldH. epUthf Ntiyfspy; <Lgl;bUe;j ngUk; ]`hghf;fs; vy;NyhUk;> mtrpakhd re;jHg;gq;fs; jtpHe;j Vida re;jHg;gq;fspy; jhq;fs; fl;lhak; vj;jpitj;Njahf Ntz;Lk; vd;w epHg;ge;jk; fpilahJ. Vnddpy;> Vida ]`hghf;fs; mij vj;jpitf;fpd;w gzpapy; <Lgl; L s; s dH. ehk; mtHfspd; epUthf Ntiyfspy;
05. mG+`_iuuh t mtHfspd; ePzl MAs; : ;

kf;fs; vy;NyhUk; mG+`_iuuh mtHfspd; ghy; NjitAilatHfshf MFk; tiu> mtH ePzl fhyk; tho;ejJk;; ; ; mjpfkhd `jP]fis mtH mwptpg;gjw;F fhuzkhapw;W. (,tH ; cika;ah Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy; `p.57k; Mz;L kuzpj;jhH vd;W mwpQHfs; Fwpg;gpLfp;d;wdH.) mG+ gf; H > ckH> c]; k hd; > myp Nghd; w egpatHfSld; ,Wf;fkhd njhlHGfs; itj;jpUe;j ngUk; ]`hghf;fs; vy;NyhUk; egpatHfspd; kuzj;jpd;gpd; epUthf Ntiyfspy; mjpfk; <Lgl;ldH. nghWg;Gtha;ej gjtpfis ; tfpj;jNjhL> Ml;rpahsHfshfTk; ,Ue;jdH. ,jdhy; mtHfspd; KONeuKk; K];ypk;fspd; epUthf Ntiyfisf; ftdpg;gjpNyNa fope;jJ. `jP]fis mwptpg;gjw;Nfh> kf;fSf;F khHf;fj;ijf; ; fw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;Nfh> mtHfSf;F Neuk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. Njitahd Neuq;fspy; mitfis mwptpj;Jtpl;L kPjKs;s Neuq;fspy; Vida ]`hghf;fs; `jP];fis mwptpj;jjdhy;; mtHfs; K];ypk;fspd; epUthf Ntiyfspy; jq;fs; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jpdH. ,jdhy; mG+`_iuuh> ,g;D mg;gh];> ,g;D ckH > Map\h Nghd; w ]`hghf; f s; `jP ] ; f is mwptpg;gjpYk;> ,sk; ]`hghf;fSf;Fk; Gjpjhf ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;ltHfSf;F khHf;fj;ij Nghjpg;gjpYk; <Lgl;ldH. nkhj;jj;jpy; mtHfSf;F kj;jpapy; nghWg;Gf;fs; gfpug;gl;Ls;sd vd;gij czuyhk;.
213
214
<Lgl;Ls;Nshk;> ,t;thNw nrd;why; egpatHfspd; `jP];fspy; vJTNk tPzhfptplhJ vd;W ek;gpdH> mJ Nghy; mjpfkhd ]`hghf;fs; ,Uf;fpwhHfs; mtHfs; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; fhyk; ,d;Dk; mjpfkhfNt cs;sJ> nghUj;jkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; nghUj;jkhd nra;jpfisr; nrhy;tjw;fhd re;jHg;gq;fs; ,d;Dk; mjpfkhfNt cs;sJ (vdNt vg;gbAk; ]`hghf;fs; ,e;j `jP];fis vj;jpitj;JtpLthHfs;) vd;W fUjpdH. ,itnay; y htw; W f; F k; Nkyhf ,iwtd; jdJ khHf;fj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;shd;. mj;NjhL `jP];fis mwptpf;Fk;NghJ jtWfs; elg;gij ]`hghf;fs; gae;jdH. fl;lhak; khHf;fj;ij vj;jpitf;f Ntz; b a re; j Hg; g q; f spy; jtWfs; elg; g ij mtHfs; kd;dpf;fKbAkhd xd;whf fUjpdH. Mdhy; mtrpak; ,y;yhj re;jHg;gq;fspy; xUtH `jP];fis mwptpj;J jtW tpLtij fLikahdJ vd;W fUjpdH. ,jdhy; jq;fistpl kw;wtHfs; vj;jpitg;gijNa mjpfk; tpUk;gpdhHfs;. mNjNtis mjpfkhd `jP];fis mwptpj;JKs;sdH.|| ( 142)
Ntiyfspy; <Lgl;bUe;jhHfs;. jhapg; gpuNjrj;ij Nehf;fpa khztHfspd; tUif kpff;FiwthfNt ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; mG+`_iuuhNth kjP d htpy; ,Ue; j hHfs; . khztHfspd; tUif mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ. mJkhj;jpukpy;yhky;> ,isa ]`hghf;fSk; mjpfkhdtHfs; mtuplk; khHf;fj;ijf; fw; W f; nfhz; l hHfs; . epHthf Ntiyfspy; <Lgl; b Ue; j ]`hghf;fsplk; VjhtJ khHf;ftptfhuq;fs; gw;wpf;Nfl;lhy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfsplk; nry;YkhW nrhy;thHfs;> ,jdhy; mG+`_iuuh mtHfSf;F Vida ]`hghf;fis tpl mjpfkhd `jP];fis mwptpf;Fk; tha;gg;Gf; fpilj;jJ. ,khk; j`gp (u`; ) mtHfs; jdJ ~]paU m/ yhkpd;Egyh| vDk; tuyhw;Wg; Gfo;kpf;f E}ypNy mG+`_iuuhtpw;F 800 khztHfs; ,Ue;jjhf Fwpg;gpLfpd;whHfs;. rpy mwpQHfs; mG+`_iuuhtpd; khztHfis khj;jpuk; nrhy;Yk; mbg;gilapy; jdpahd gy E}y;fis vOjpAs;sdH me;j msTf;F mjpfkhd> rpwe;j khztHfs; mG+`_iuuh mtHfSf;F ,Ue;jhHfs;.
0 )k P h p ;t p ; i : 6 jdty rjjk
egpatHfs; capUld; ,Ue;jNghJk;> kuzpj;jgpd;Gk; ,];yhj;ij fw;Fk; khztHfSk;> `jP]fis Njbg;gpuahzk; ; nra;gtHfSk; kjPdhit Nehf;fpNa mjpfk; gilnaLj;jdH. kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j mwpQHfs; gw;wpa kjpg;G mtHfspd; cs;sq;fspy; rw;W mjpfkhfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j ]`hghf;fSf;Nf mjpfk; `jP];fis mwptpf;Fk; re;jHg;gk; fpilj;jJ. mjpfkhd ]`hghf;fs; Aj;jq;fs;> ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpa gpuNjr kf;fSf;F khHf;fj;ijr; nrhy;ypf;nfhLj;jy;> epUthf Ntiyfspy; <LgLjy; Nghd;w fhuzq;fSf;fhf kjPdhit tpl;L NtW gpuNjrq;fSf;F ,lk; ngaHe;jdH. mG+`_iuuhit tpl `jP ] ; f is mjpfkhfj; njupe; j tuhff; fUjg; g Lk; mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; mk;H mtHfs; jhapg; gpuNjrj;jpy; epHthf
215
216
Map\h
mtHfSf;F vjpuhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;.
Map\h mtHfs; jg;ghd elj;ijAilatHfsh?

egp mtHfspd; kpFe;j tpUg;gj;jpw;Fupa kidtpahd Map\h mtHfisg;gw;wp \PMf;fspd; E}y;fs; jg;Gk; jtWkhf tpkHrpf;fpd;wd. ,iw ek;gpf;ifahsHfspd; md;id mtHfis tpgr;rhup vd;Wk; tpgr;rhupfspd; topfhl;b> tpgr;rhupfspd; jha; vd;Wk; tpkHrpf;fpd;wd. midtUk; kjpf;fpd;w egpatHfspd; GfOf;F cupj;jhd md;id mtHfs; njhlHghd cz;ik epiyia njupe;J nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;. egpatHfs; NghUf;F nry;Yk;NghJ jdJ kidtpaHfspy; xUtiu FYf;fy; %yk; njupT nra;J mioj;Jr; nry;thHfs;. toikNghd;W xU Aj;jj;jpw;F nry;Ytjw;fhf jahuhdNghJ FYf; f y; %yk; md; i d Map\h mtHfspd; ngaH njupthdJ> md;idatHfSf;nfd;W gpuj;jpNafkhf jahH nra;ag;gl;l ~`t;j[|; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; $lhuj;jpw;Fs; mkHj;jg;gl;L vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lhHfs;@ Aj;jk; Kbe;J jpUk;Gk; topapy; xH ,lj;jpy; jq;fpapUe;jhHfs;. md;id Map\h mtHfs; mtruNjit epkpj;jk; $lhuj;jpypUe;J ntspahfp kf;fs; fz;fSf;F njupahj xU ,lj;jpw;F nrd;W jd; Njitia epiwNtw;wp tpl;L jpUk;Gk; topapy; jd; fOj;jpy; vNjr;irahf ifia itj;jhHfs;. fOj;jpy; ,Ue;j khiyiaf; fhztpy;iy. mjpHr;rp mile;j md;id mtHfs; khiyia NjLk;gzpapy; <Lgl;lhHfs;. khiyia NjLk; mtruj;jpy; jhd; xU FOTld; te;jpUg;gijNa kwe;Jtpl;lhHfs;. rw;W Neuj;jpy; khiyia fz;nlLf;fpwhHfs;. ; gpuahzf; FOit Nehf;fp XNlhb tUfpwhHfs;. egp mtHfs;> md;id te;j $lhuk; vJTNk ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vy;NyhUNk nrd;Wtpl;ldH. nra;tjwpahJ jpifj;Jg;Nghd md;id mtHfs;>
217
vg; g bAk; tpLgl; l nghUl; f is vLj; J tUtnjw; n fd; W ahiuahtJ mDg;gpitg;ghHfs; my;yJ ehd; ,y;yhjij njupe;J nfhz;l gpd;ghtJ jpUk;gptUthHfs; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; $l;lk; jq;fp ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; cl;fhHe;jpUe;jhHfs;. me;jf;fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; kpfTk; nky;ypatHfshf ,Ug;ghHfs;. mtHfs; vg;NghJk; nkd;ikahd czTtifisNa cz;gjhy; mtHfspd; cly; ngUj;jpUf;fhJ. ,jdhy; $lhuj;jpy; Map\h mtHfs; ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jJ. egpatHfSf;F njupatpy;iy. Map\h mtHfs; ,Uf;fpwhHfs; vd;w epidtpy; $lhuj;ij Vw;wpf;nfhz;L $l;lk; fpsk;gp tpl;lJ vg;NghJk; egpatHfs; $l;lk; jpUk;Gk;NghJ gpd;dhy; ,Wjpahf xUtiu tUkhW nrhy;YthHfs;. mtH rw;W Neuk; jhkjpj;J tUthH. ,e;jf;$l;lj;jpNy egpatHfs; gpe;jptUk; nghWg;ig ]g;thdplk; xg;gilj;jpUe;jhHfs;. toikNghd;W ]g;thd; vijahtJ tpl;Lr;nrd;wpUf;fpd;whHfsh? vd;W Rw;Wk; Kw;Wk; ghHf;fpwuhH. rw;W njhiytpy; xU fUj;j cUtk; ,Ug;gijf; fhz;fpwhH. ahnud;W mtUf;F njupatpy;iy cUtj;jpd; mUNf te;jJk; egpatHfspd; md;G kidtp Map\h vd; g ij czHe; j NghJ vq; f s; md; i dia tpl;Lr;nrd;wpUf;fpwhHfNs vd;W Mr;rupaj;NjhL ~~,d;dhypy;yh`p t,d;dh ,iy`p uh[pCd;|| vd;fpwhH. md;id mtHfSk; rj;jk; Nfl;L jpUk;gpg; ghHf;fpwhHfs;> ]g;thd; Nkyjpfkhf vJTk; Ngrtpy; i y. thfdj; i j gzpf; f pwhH mjpypUe; j $lhuj;jpw;Fs; md;id mtHfs; Vwp cl;fhHe;Jnfhs;fpwhHfs;> kjPdhit Nehf;fp tz;b efHfpwJ. Map\h mtHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs; kjPdh nry;Yk; tiu ehDk; mtUld; Ngrtpy;iy. mtUk; ~~,d;dhypy;yh`;...|| vdW Muk;gj;jpy; nrhd;dijj;jtpu NtW vijAk; nrhy;ytpy;iy. kjP d htpw; F \g; t hdpd; tz; b tUtjw; F Kd; ; eatQ;rfHfspd; jiytd; cig ,g;D ]Y}y; jpl;lkpl;L tprkg;gpur;rhuj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhd;. Map\hTk; ]g;thDk; xU
218
,uT jdpahfj; jq;fp jg;ghd elj;ijapy; <Lgl;Ltpl;L jpUk;Gfpd;wdH vd; w jfty; eatQ; r fHfspd; ehTfspy; gl;Lj;njwpf;fpwJ. ,e;j nra;jpia rpy ]`hghf;fSk; ek;gp Vkhw;Wfpd;wdH. CH KOf;f fij gutpdhYk; ,it vJTk; njupahj mtHfs; tPl;Lf;F tUfpwhHfs;. egp mtHfs; Map\h vg;NghJk;Nghy; ,y;yhky; rw;W tpj;jpahrkhf ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. VNjh ele;jpUf;fpwJ vd;w Iak; Map\h mtHfSf;F Vw;gLfpwJ. vijAk; tprhupf;ftpy;iy> NtnwhU Ntiyf;fhf ck;K kp];j`; mtHfSld; ntspapy; nry;YfpwhHfs;. mg;NghJ ck;K kp];j`; mtHfs; ~kp];j`; ngupanjhU jg;ig nra;J tpl;lhd;| vd;W VRfpwhHfs;. tprak; njupahj Map\h mtHfNsh mg;gbnay;yhk; nrhy;yf;$lhJ kp];j`; <khd; nfhz;ltH vd;W jLf;fpwhH. gpd;G ,uz;lhtJ KiwAk; ck;K kp];j`; kp];ji` VRfpwhH. ,e;j KiwAk; md;id mtHfs; jLf;fpwhHfs; %d;whtJ KiwahfTk; ck;K kp];j`; Vr Muk;gpj;jJk; md;idatHfs; vd;d tplak; vd;W tprhupf;fpwhHfs;. mg;NghJ md;id Map\h mtHfs; gw;wp te;j nra;jpiaAk; mij ek;gp kp];j`; Vkhe;JNghdijAk; ck;K kp];j`; mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;. jhd;; epidj;Jk; ghHj;jpuhj ,e;j tplaj;ij Nfs;tpg;gl;lJk; md;id mtHfspd; kPJ ngUnkhU kiyiaNa J}f;fpg; Nghl;lijg;Nghy kdjpw;F kpfTk; ghukhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j epiyapNyNa tPl;Lf;F tUfpwhHfs;. egp mtHfs; tPl;Lf;Fs; Eioe;jhHfs; egptHfspd; Kfj;jpy; tpj;jpahrkhd czHTfs; ,Ug; g ijf; fz; L nfhz; l md; i d Map\h mtHfs; mOJnfhz;Nl cl;fhHe;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. egpatHfSk; XU rhjhuz kdpjdhf ,Ue;jjhy; ,e;j tplaj; j py; vJ cz; i k vd; W mtuhy; Gupe; J nfhs; s Kbatpy;iy. rpy ]`hghf;fsplk; egpatHfs; ,e;j tplak; njhlHgpy; MNyhrid Nfl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; vtUNk md;id
219
mtHfisg;gw;wp jg;ghd Kiwapy; tpkHrpf;ftpy;iy. vy;NyhUk; mtHfs; tplaj;jpy; ey;yijNa nrhd;dhHfs;. MdhYk; vJTk; elf;ftpy;iy vd;W kf;fSf;F njspTgLj;j ,it NghjhJ vd; g J egpatHfSf; F j; n jupAk; > mJNghy my; y h`; T k; ,JnjhlHgpy; VjhtJ njspgLj;Jthd; vd;W egpatHfs; epidj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,jdhy; nghWikAld; ,Ug;Nghk; vd;W epidj;J NtjidNahL ehl;fis fopj;jhHfs;. ,JNghyNt Map\h mtHfSk; mOJnfhz;Nl ehl;fisf;fopf;fpwhHfs;. jd; je;ijaplKk; jhaplKk; nry;y md; i d mtHfs; egpatHfsplk; mDkjpNfhUfpwhHfs; . egpatHfSk; mDkjp toq;fNt jd;FLk;gj;jpduplk; nrd;w Map\h mtHfis jhAk; je;ijAk; md;NghL mutizj;jhHfs;> ek; guk;giuapNy ,g;gb xd;W ele;jjpy;iy. vdNt ,J epr; r ak; ngha; a hdjhfNt ,Uf; F k; vd; W Map\htpw;F MWjy; $Wfpd;wdH. xU khjk; cUz;NlhLfpwJ Mdhy; Map\h mtHfspd; mOif epw;ftpy;iy.
jpBnud;W xU ehs; egpatHfs; Map\htpd; tPl;Lf;Fs; EiofpwhHfs;. Map\hNt eP J}a;ikahdtshf ,Ue;jhy; my;yh`; cd;idj; J}a;ikg;gLj;Jthd; jg;G nra;jpUe;jhy; my;yh`;tplk; njsghr;nra;Jnfhs; epr;rakhf my;yh`; njsghit Vw; W f; n fhs; t hd; vd; w hHfs; . md; i datHfs; mOJnfhz;Nl jd; jhaplKk; je;ijaplKk; egpatHfSf;F jd; rhHghf gjpyspf;FkhW Ntz;LfpwhHfs; Mdhy; mtHfNsh ePjhd; gjpy; nrhy;yNtz;Lk; vd;W kWj;JtpLfpd;wdH. md;id Map\h mtHfs; mOJnfhz;Nl ehd; gupRj;jkhdts; vd;gJ my;yh`;Tf;Fj; njupAk;> Mdhy; ePq;fs; NgRtijg; ghHj;jhy; cq;fSf;Nf re;Njfkhf ,Ug;gijg;Nghy; Njhd;WfpwJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;. cWjpg;gLj;j rupahd Mjhuq;fs; ,y;yhky; jtpj;j egpatHfSf;F Map\h mtHfs; Ngrp Kbj;jJk; ,iwtdpd; Gwj;jpypUe;J t`p tUfpwJ. ~~me;E}H|| mj;jpahaj;jpy; my;yh`;
220
10 trdq;fis ,wf;fpitj;jhd;. ,e;j trdj;jpNy epr;rakhf ,e;j nra;jpiaf;nfhz;L te;jtHfs; cq;fSld; ,Uf;Fk; xU eatQ;rff; $l;lk;> mtHfSf;F firab toq;FkhWk;> Map\h mtHfs; gj; j pdp vd; g ijAk; ,iwtd; njspTgLj;jpdhd;. gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; Map\h mtHfs; re;Njhrj;NjhL ,e;j tplaj;ij Qhgfg;gLj;JthHfs;. ~,iwtd; egpatHfSf;F ,e;j tplaj;jpd; cz;ik epiyia xU fdtpd; %yk; njspT gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw ehd; epidj;jpUe;Njd;. Mdhy; kWik tiuf; F k; Xjg; g LksTf; F FHMd; trdq; f shf ,ij ,wf;Fthd; vd;W ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy| vd;ghHfs;. vdNt Map\h mtHfs; kP J nrhy; y g; g Lk; ,e; j mghz;lj;jpypUe;J mtHfs; J}ukhdtHfs; vd;gJ ,jd; %yk; njspTgLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
mtiu gupRj;jg;gLj;jp trdq;fis ,wf;fpitj;jJk; ehk; mwpe;j tplak; . Mdhy; Map\h mtHfs; gw; w p ,t; t hW nrhy; y g; g l; l NghJ ,iwtdplkpUe; J t`p tUk; t iu egpatHfSf; F cz; i k njupatpy; i y. ,jdhy; gy ]`hghf;fisAk; mioj;J MNyhrid Nfl;lhHfs; Map\h mg;gb ele;jpUg;ghuh vd;W tpdtpdhHfs;. mg;NghJ egpatHfSf;F ,Ue;j ftiyiag;ghHj;J myp mtHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;: ,g;gb ePqfs; ftiyg;glNtz;ba ; mtrpakpy;iy. Map\hit tpl;lhnyd;d> NtW xU jpUkzj;ij ePq;fs; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs; jhq;fs; tpUk;gpa ngz;iz kze;Jnfhs;syhk; vd;W nrhd;dhHfshk;. ,jw;fhfNt Map\h gopthq;f re;jHg;gj;ij vjpHghHj;jpUe;jhHfshk;. mj;NjhL ,e;j frg;gpdhy;> Map\h mtHfs; `jP]fis mwptpf;Fk; NghJ@ ; myp mtHfspd; ngaiuNah my;yJ mtupd; kidtp ghjpkhtpd; ngaiuNah `jPi] mwptpf;Fk;NghJ nrhy;tjpy;iyahk;. mjw;F gjpyhf xUj;jd;> xUj;jp vd;Wjhd; nrhy;thHfshk; vd;Wk; fijasf;fpd;wdH. [ky; NghUf;F ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfshd \PMf;fshYk; fPioj;Nja Ma;thsHfshYk; nrhy;yg;gLk; fhuzk; ntWk; fw;gidAk; ,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;l nra;jpANkahFk;. ,jw;F Mjhuq;fs; vJTkpy;iy. ,tHfs; nrhy;tjw;F vjpuhfTk; xUtH fw;gid nra; a yhk; > myp mtHfs; Map\hit gopthq; f Tk; mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;aTk; jpl;lk; jPlbdhHfs; vd;W nrhy;y ; KbAk;. my;yJ jy;`hitAk; ]_igiuAk; jPHj;Jf;fl;bdhy; jdJ kfDf;F jdf;Fg;gpwF Ml;rp fpilf;Fk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy; vy;NyhiuAk; xNu ,lj;jpy; jPHj;Jf;fl;Ltjw;fhd re;jHg;gkhf myp mtHfs; ,e;j [ky; Nghiu elj;jpdhHfs; vd;W nrhy;yyhk;> mt;thwpy;iyahapd; c];khd; mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;j Fk;gy; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F mtHfisj; Njba Map\h mtHfspd; jug;ghH nrd;wNghJ ,tHfSf;F vjpuhf myp mtHfs; kjPdhtpypUe;J Vd; gil jpul;btu Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Nfl;fyhk;.
Map\h Fog;gkh?
mtHfSf;Fk; m`;Yy; igj;jpdUf;Fk; kj;jpapy;

Map\h mtHfSf;Fk; myp mtHfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; [ky; NghH ele;jJ ,J vd;d fhuzj;jpw;fhf ele;jJ vd;gij ehk; [ky; NghH gw;wp nrhy;Yk; NghJ Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. Mdhy; \PMf;fSk; fPioj;Nja Ma;thsHfSk; ,e;jg;NghUf;fhd fhuzk; mg;NghJ Vw;gl;l c];khd; mtHfspd; nfhiyNah my;yJ mjw;F myp mtHfs; gypthq;fhky; ,Ue;jNjh my;y. Map\h mtHfSf;Fk; myp mtHfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; Vw;fdNt egpatHfspd; fhyj;jpypUe;Nj kdf;frg;G ,Ue;jJ mij jPHj;Jf;nfhs;sTk; mjw;fhf mypf;F ghlk; Gfl;lTk; Map\h jUzk; ghHj;jpUe;jhH. mJ ,e;j re;jHg;gj;jpy;jhd; if$baJ mjdhy; mij gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lhH vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. mg;gb Nghuhl;lk; elj;Jfpd;w msTf;F vd;d kdf;frg;G mtHfs; tplaj;jpy; jg;ghd vd;W Nfl;lhy; Map\h elj;ijAilatH vd;W eatQ;rfHfs; ,l;Lf;fl;baJk; my;yh`;
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222
my; y J c]; k hidf; nfhiy nra; j jpy; myp mtHfSf;F gq;F ,Ue;jJ Map\h mtHfspd; jug;ghH c];khd; mtHfis nfhiynra;j rpyiu gpbj;jhHfs; vd;why; tplak; mk;gykhfptpLk; vd;gjw;fhf Muk;gj;jpNyNa ,tHfis mopj;JtpLtjw;F myp Nahrpj;jhHfs; vd;W nrhy;yyhk; ,t;thW tpl;lhy; fw;gid nra;J nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fyhk; vjw;Fk; Mjhukpy;iy> MjhukpUg;gijg;Nghd;W kf;fsplk; rpj;jupf;fyhk;. my;yh`; vk;ikg;ghJfhg;ghdhf. ehk; ,t;thW nrhy;ytpy;iy. Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fspd; Nghypj;jd;ikiaj; njspthf Gupe; J nfhs; s Ntz; L k; vd; g jw; f hfNt rpy A+fq; f is Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;> rNfhjuHfs; nkhl;lj;jiyf;Fk; Koq;fhYf;Fk; Kbr;Rg;Nghlg; ghHf;fpwhHfs; vd;gij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt nrhd;Ndhk;. egp mtHfspd; Ntjidiag; ghHj;J mtiu MWjy; gLj;JKfkhfNt myp mtHfs;> Map\h Nghdhy; vd;d NtW xU ngz;iz jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;syhk; vd;W nrhd;dhHfs;. ,J rhjhuzkhf kidtpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l vy;NyhUf;Fk; MWjy; $Wk;NghJ ehk; gad;gLj;Jk; thrfk;. ,J Nghd;W egpatHfs; tprhupj;j xt;nthU ]`hghf;fSk; xt;nthU gjpy; nrhd;dhHfs;. ,jdhy; Map\h mtHfs; Nfhgg;gl;ljhfNth mtHfis gopthq;Ftjw;fhf nraw;gl;ljhfNth tuyhW ,y;iy. cz;ikapy; mt;thwhd vz;zk; mtuplk; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mtH jdJ je;ij mG+gf;fH mtHfspd; Ml; r pf; f hyj; j py; nra; j pUg; g hH mjpfhuk; ifapypUf;Fk; NghJ mij jtwtpl;Ltpl;L myp Ml;rpapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ nra;aNtz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. ,jw;fg;ghy; mG+gf;H mtHfspd; Ml;rpapy; myp mtHfs; Kf;fpa nghWg; g py; mkHj; j g; g l; l NjhL murhq; f j; j pd; Kf; f pa gq;fhspahfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;> vd;W tuyhW nrhy;fpwJ. [ky; NghH Vd; ele;jJ? vt;thW ele;jJ? vd;gij ehk; me;j jiyg;gpNy njspthf tpsf;fpNdhk;. cz;ikapy; Map\h mtHfSf;F myp mtHfisg; gopthq;f Ntz;Lk;
223
vd;w vz;zk; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> mtUf;F vjpuhfNt NghH njhLj;jpUg;ghHfs;. mt;thW mtHfs; nra;atpy;iy. mtH ,Ue;j gpuNjrj;ij Nehf;fpAk; gil nry;ytpy;iy. myp mtHfs;jhd; giljpul;b mtHfis Njb tUfpwhH. vdNt Ntz;Lnkd;W NghH njhLj;jhH vd;W fw;gid nra;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; mjw;F myp mtHfspd; nray;jhd; kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ. my;yh`; ek;ikg;ghJfhg;ghdhf ehk; mt;thW nrhy;ytpy;iy. jtwhd Gupjypdhy; me;jg;NghH ele;jJ vd;fpNwhk;. myp vd;w xU jdpkdpjid gopthq;Ftjw;fhf jd;dplkpUe;j gy;yhapuk; gilapdiuAk;> myp mtHfSld; MAjkhf ,Ue; j gy; y hapuk; NgiuAk; Map\h gad;gLj;jpdhHfs; vd;W nrhy;tJ vt;tsT Mgj;jhdJk; mgj;jkhdJk; vd;gij rk;ke;jg;gl;l rNfhjuHfs; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ntWk; A+fj;ij ikakhf itj;J ,stajpypUe;Nj egpatHfspd; gapw;Wtpg;gpy; tsHe;j> egpatHfs; mjpfk; Nerpj;j xU ngz;> gy Ngupd; nfhiyf;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jhH vd;W ePq;fs; nrhy;ytUfpwPHfsh?. (my;yh`; NghJkhdtd;) Map\h mtHfs; ghjpkh > myp mtHfspd; ngaiu `jP];fis mwptpf;Fk;NghJ Fwpg;gpLtjpy;iy vd;w tpkHrdk; KOg;G+rzpf;fhia Nrhw;wpy; kiwf;f KidAk; nkhj;jg;ngha;Ak; Vkhw;W NtiyAkhFk;. Map\h mtHfs; `jPi] mwptpf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; njhlHgpy;yhky; ghjpkh myp> ghjpkh myp vd;W ,Utupd; ngaiuAk; Fwpg; g plNtz; b a mtrpakpy; i y> mt; t hW Fwpg;gpLksTf;F mtH cq;fisg;Nghd;w $o; Kl;ilAky;y. ve;j ,lq;fspy; mtHfs; njhlHghd nra;jp tUfpwNjh me;j ,lq;fspy; ngaiu Fwpg;gplNtz;ba re;jHg;gq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;lhy; NghJkhdJ> Njitahd re;jHg;gq;fspy; mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpwhHfs; vd;gjw;F gy Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd.
224
\PMf;fs; m`;Yy; igj;jpw;F Mjhuk; gpbf;fpd;w NghHit `jP]; vDk; gpugy;akhd nra;jpia mwptpg;gJ Map\h mtHfs;jhd;. ,J mtupd; kdjpd; J}a;ikiaf;fhl;LfpwJ. \PMf;fs; tpkHrpg;gijg;Nghd;W F&u vz;zk; nfhz;ltuhf mtH ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; me;j nra;jpia mwptpj;jpUf;fkhl;lhH. (my;yh`; NghJkhdtd;). mjpNy myp > ghjpkh > `]d; ;> `_i]d; Nghd;w mj;jidNgUila ngaiuAk; Map\h mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. cz;ikapy; mtUf;F ,tHfspd; ngaiur; nrhy;y gpbf;ftpy;iy vd;wpUe;jpUe;jhy;> egpatHfs; jdJ gps;is> kw;Wk; fztd; mtHfspd; gps;isfisAk; mioj;jhHfs; vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fyhk;. my;yJ ,J my;yhj mtHfisf; F wpf; f pd; w tpjj; j py; NtW thHj; i jfis nrhy; y papUf; f yhk; . mt; t hW mtH nra; a hkypUe; j Nj mtHfSf;Fs;; ve;jg;gpur;rpidAk; ,y;iy vd;gijf;fhl;LfpwJ. egpatHfs; xU jlit myp > ghjpkh > `]d;> `_i]d; MfpNahiu xU NghHitapdhy; %btpl;L ',iwth! ,tHfs; vdJ FLk;gj;jpdH. mtHfis eP J}a;ikg;gLj;Jthahf" vd;W gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j nra;jpia Map\h mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs; (K];ypk; 2424) k`; ] _kpa; a h Nfhj; j puj; i jr; NrHe; j xU ngz; jpUbaNghJ mtspd; fuk; Jz;bf;fg;glhky; ,Uf;f c]hkh mtHfs; egpatHfsplk; rpghupR nra;fpwhHfs;. mg;NghJ egpatHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;: ~~my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf! K`k;kjpd; kfs; ghjpkh ghjpkhjhd; jpUbapUg;gpDk; mtsJ fuj;ij Jz;bj;JtpLNtd;|| mwptpg;gtH: Map\h E}y;: G`hup> K];ypk;
\PMf;fSf; NfhH rthy; !!

]`hghf; f is fhgpHfs; > eatQ; r fHfs; > cyf Mjhaq;fSf;fhf egpAld; ebj;J tho;ejhHfs; vd;W tpkHrpj;J ; kW cyf gad;fis ,oe;Jtpl;l \PMf;fspd; nfhs;iffs; eilKiwr;rhj;jpakw;wJk; ntWk; fw;gidf; fijfSk;jhd; vd;gij njspTgLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; ,e;jg;gFjpapy; \PMf;fsplk; rpy gjpy; nrhy;y Kbahj Nfs;tpis my;yJ rthy;fis Kd;itf;f tpiofpNwhk;. 0 1 ) vy;yh ]`hghf;fisAk; fhgpHfs; vd;W tpkHrpj;Jtpl;L egpapd; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s Kf;fpakhd rpyuplkpUe;Jjhd; khHf;fj;ij ehk; vLg;Nghk; vd;W nrhy;fpd;w ePq;fs; cq;fshy; KbAnkd; w hy; eilKiwf; F r; rhj; j pakhd G+uzkhd vy;yhg;gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; jPHT nrhy;Yfpd;w xU khHf;fj;ij nfhz;L thUq;fs; ghHf;fyhk;.! cq; f shy; KbahJ. eP q ; f s; m`; Y y; igj; j hf epidf;fpd;wtHfspd; nkhj;j `jP]fNs 300Ij; jhz;lhJ ,g;gb ; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ vg;gb ePqfs; mtHfspd; %yk; khj;jpuk; G+uzkhd ; xU khHf;fj;ijf;nfhz;Ltu KbAk;? m`;Yy;igj; vd;w ngaupy; cq;fs; ngupahHfs; jq;fspd; nrhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fis khHf;fnkd;W gpur; r huk; n ra; J > FspHfha; f pwhHfs; vd; g J ,g; N ghjhtJ cq;fSf;Fj; njupatpy;iyah?. 0 2 ) ngUk;ghd;ikahd ]`hghf;fis ek;gfj;jd;ik mw;wtHfs; vd;Wk;> jq;fisj;jtpu kw;iwa mj;jid K];ypk;fSk; ehia tpl e[P]hdtHfs; vd;Wk; nrhy;Yk; ePq;fs;> cq;fshy; KbAnkd; w hy; whgpohf; f is khj; j puk; mwptpg; g hsH tupirahff;nfhz;l xU FHMid nfhz;L thUq;fs;!
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226
kWik ehs; tiu NjbdhYk; cq;fshy; KbahJ> fhuzk; FHMDf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk; $l;lky;y ePqfs;. ; K]; y pk; f isr; rpd;dhgpd;dkhf;Ftjw;f hfTk; mtHfSf;F kj;jpapy; rpe;jidr;rpf;fiy cUthf;Ftjw;fhfTk; A+jHfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;ltHfs; ePqfs;. Mdhy;> gpwgl;l fhyj;jpy; cq;fisg; ; ; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;> jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;> Gjpa Kiwapy; kf;fisf; Fog;gTk; my;FHMidAk; m`;Yy;igj;ijAk; jw;fhg;G muzhf vLj; J f; n fhz; L gJq; f pAk; > K]; y pk; f s; kP J mt;tg;NghJ gha;e;Jk; tUfpwPHfs;. m`;Y];]_d;dh ty; [khmj;jpdHjhd; ,d;wsTk; FHMid re;Njfkw ek;Gfpd;w mbg;gilapy; mwptpg;ghsH tupirAld; ghJfhf;fpwhHfs;. \PMf;fs; gpsTfis Vw;gLj;jp K];ypk;fspd; mbg;gil %yhjhuq;fSf;F Kftupapy;yhkyhf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwhHfs;. m`;Y];]_d;dhf;fisf;nfhz;L my;yh`; jd; khHf;fj;ijg; ghJfhj;jhd;. my;`k;Jypy;yh`;. 0 3 ) my;fhgp vd;gJ \PMf;fspd; khHf;fr;rl;lq;fspdJk; nfhs;iffspdJk; mbg;gil E}y;. cyfj;jpy; mJNghd;w xU E}y; njhFf;fg;gltpy;iy> vd;W \PM mwpQHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. cyfj;jpy; ehk; nra;aNtz;ba mj;jid nray;fSk; tpl;nlhJq;fNtz;ba mj;jid tplaq;fSk; mjpy; ,Ug;gjhfr; nrhy;fpd;wdH. cq;fshy; KbAnkd;why; ePq;fs; m`;Yy;igj;jpd; Kf;fpa mq;fkhff; fUJfpd;w ghjpkh mtHfs; mwptpf;fpd;w xU `jPi]NaDk; cq;fs; ~~fhgp|| vd;w E}ypypUe;J vLj;Jf;fhl;Lq;fs; ghHf;fyhk;. 80000j;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nra;jpfisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w cq;fs; fhgpapy; ghjpkh mtHfSf;F xU `jPN]Dk; ,y;iy. ,Jjhd; ePqfs; m`;Yy;igj;ij Nerpg;gjd; ,yl;rzk;. ; 0 4 ) myp> ghjpkh > `]d;> `_i]d; Nghd;wtHfspd; guk;giuapy; te;jtHfs;jhd; m`;Yy;igj;jpdH vd;W ePq;fs; nrhy; t Jk; mtHfis eP q ; f s; Nerpg; g jhfr; nrhy; t Jk; cz;ikahf ,Ue;jhy; mtHfs; guk;giuapy; te;j mj;jid NgUila ngaHfisAk; cq;fshy; ntspapl KbAkh? mt;thW ntspapl cq;fs; kdJ ,lk; nfhLf;Fkh?
227
ntspaplkhl;BHfs; ntspapl;lhy; cq;fs; Nghf; f pupj; j dj; i jg; ghHj; J cyfk; fhwp ckpONk> i\j;jhidAk; ,g;yPi]Ak;tpl nfl;ltHfs;> vjpupfs; vd;W ePqfs; milahsg;gLj;Jk; mG+gf;H> ckH Nghd;w ngaHfis ; m`;Yy; igj;jpdH jq;fs; nry;tf; Foe;ijfSf;F #l;b moFghHj;jJ mk;gykhfptpLNk> ,tHfs; ePq;fs; nrhy; t ijg; N ghd; W mG+gf; i uAk; ckiuAk; fLikahf vjpHj;jpUe;jhy; jhq;fs; vjpHf;fpd;w ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; nrd; W tpl; l ,j; j ifatHfspd; ngaHfisah jq; f s; gps;isfSf;F #l;bdhHfs; vd;W kf;fs; Nfl;ghHfNs! ,g;gbahd rpf;fspy; khl;bf;nfhz;L njhz;ilapy; Ks; ; i jj; j tidg; Nghd; W ,Uf; f eP q ; f s; tpUk; g khl; B Hfs; > fpwp];jtHfisg; Nghd;W `_i]dpd; ,uj;jj;ijf; fhuzk; fhl;b gyk; NrHf;f khj;jpuNk cq;fSf;F jpuhzpapUf;fpwJ. ; 0 5 ) kf;fsplk; ePqfs; vy;yh ]`hghf;fisAk; Nerpg;gjhfr; nra;Ak; ngha;ggpur;rhuk; cz;ikahdjhf ,Ue;jhy;> `_i]d; ; mepahakhd Kiwapy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhH vd;gjw;fhf tpoh nfhz;lhLk; ePqfs; egpatHfspd; ,uz;L gps;isfisj; ; jpUkzk; nra;Ak; vtUk; ngwhj tha;gigg;ngw;w c];khd; ; mtHfs; mepahakhd Kiwapy; nfhiynra;ag;gl;ljw;F Jf;fk; mD\;bf;fpwPHfsh? cq;fs; tuyhw;wpy; `_i] mtHfSf;F Jf;fk; mD\;bg;gijg;Nghd;W xU rjtPjkhtJ c];khd; mtHfSf; f hf ehk; Jf; f k; mD\; b f; f Ntz; L k; vd; W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwPHfsh?> mtUk; egpapd; kUkfd;jhNd! Mdhy; cq;fs; fzf;fpy; mtH egpapd; FLk;gkpy;iy. ehk; ve;jtifapYk; %isf;Fk; tha;fFk; rk;ke;jkpy;yhj ; xU nfhs;iff;F mbikahfpapUf;fpNwhnkd;W ,g;NghjhtJ njupfpwjh? gy ehl;fs; Kw;Wifaplg;gl;L jz;zH Fbg;gjw;Ff;$l P mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;L FHMid Xjpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJjhNd c];khd; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;. `_i]d; mtHfs; $l> gpur; r pidia Njhw; W tpj; J nfhiy nra; a g; g l; l hH. c];khd; gpur;rpidf;Nf Nghftpy;iyNa.
228
epr;rak; ePq;fs; mt;thW Jf;fg;glkhl;BHfs;. mt;thW nra;AkhW kw;wtHfSf;F nrhy;yTkhl;BHfs;. nfhd;wtHfNs ePq;fs;jhNd> ePq;fNs nfhd;Wtpl;L ePq;fNs Jf;fk; nfhs;s KbahJ ,y;iyah? \PMf;fisj;jtpu mj;jidNgiuAk; nfhy;tJjhNd cq;fs; vjpHfhy ,yl;rpak;> mg;gb ,Uf;f mtupd; nfhiyf;F vg;gb ePqfs; Jf;fg;gLtPHfs; ,y;iynad;why; ; egp mtHfspd; khkdhH ckH mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;jtDf;F cq;fs; <uhdpy; fg;W fl;b tUlhe;jk; fe;J}up nfhLj;J mtDf;fhf gpuhHj;jpg;gPHfsh? mij ngUikNahL tPbNah fhl;rpfshf gjpTnra;J gug;GtPHfsh? 0 6 ) m`;Y];]_d;dh mwpQHfsplk; gpujpnra;ag;glhj ePq;fs; mwpQHfs; vd;W fUJfpd;w cq;fs; mwpQHfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l XU `jP]; jpwdha;Tf; fiyia cq;fshy; nfhz;Ltu KbAkh? my;yJ cq;fshy; rpwe;j mwptpg;ghsHfs; vd;W fUjg;gLk; mwptpg;ghsHfspy; cq;fs; mwpQHfs; nrhy;fpd;w tpkHrdq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;j KbAkh? vq;Nf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;NghfpwPHfs; mg;gb nra;jhy; cq;fs; kjj;jpw;Nf Kftupapy;yhky; Ngha;tpLNk! 0 7 ) cq;fshy; KbAnkd;why; cq;fspd; E}y;fspypUe;J xU gykhd (]`P`hd) `jPi] vLj;Jf;fhl;l KbAkh? 0 8 ) cikah Ml;rpahsH egpapd; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F mepahak; nra;jjhf mtHfs; kPJ vupe;J tpOfpwPHfs;. mtHfis cq;fspd; vy;yh NkilfspYk; ehf;$rhky; J}w;WfpwPHfs;. ghku kf;fs;> cikah Ml;rpahsHfs; fhgpHfs;> j[;[hiytpl nfhbatHfs; vd;W epidf;FksTf;F mtHfis rpj;jpupf;fpwPHfs;. ,j;jidf;Fk; cikah Ml;rpahsHfs; m`;Yy; igj;jpdUf;F mepahak; nra;jjhf cq;fs; E}y;fspypUe;J xU gykhd Mjhuj;ijNaDk; cq;fshy; fhl;l KbAkh? (,J Fitj;ijr;NrHe;j m\;n\a;f; FioH mtHfs; yz;ldpy; \PMf;fspd; %j;j mwpQHfSld; ele;j xU tpthjj;jpy; Kd; itj;j rthy; mJ ,Wjp tiu Kwpabf;fg;gltpy;iy. mjdhy; mNj rthiy ,q;F ehk; gpujp nra;Js;Nshk;. ,jpy;
229
vijahtJ ,l;Lf;fl;br;nrhy;yp khl;bf;nfhz;L tpopf;fhjPHfs;. mJjhd; cq;fspd; guk;giuf;Fzkhapw;Nw mjdhy; nrhy;fpNwd;.) ehk; ,q;F Kd;itj;jpUf;Fk; mk;rq;fNs ~\PMf;fspd; nfhs;if Nghypahdit| vd;gijg; Gyg;gLj;jg; NghJkhdit vd;W epidf;fpNwhk;. ,J cq;fspd; %jhijaHfshy;> ngUk; mwpQHfshy; $ l Kwpabf; f g; g lhj rthy; f s; . tP z hf Neuj;ijf;fopj;J tPz;NghfhjPHfs; Neuk; nghd;dhdJ. \PMf;nfhs;if vd;gJ A+jHfspd; mgpyhirfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf mtHfshy; jpl;lkpl;L cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. gpdG mij ,];yhk; vd;W rpyH mf;fhyj;jpy; Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljdhy;> ; gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; tsHr;rpaile;J murpay; gyKk;> gzgyKk; ngw;wjd; tpisthf ngUk;ghd;ikahdtHfshy; GupeJnfhs;sg;glhj ; xU tplakhf khwptpl;lJ. ngUk;ghYk; \PM mwpQHfspd; Ngr;Rf;fis nrtpkLj;jhy; kw;wtHfis VRtjw;fhf nfhz;LtUfpd;w FHMd; trdq;fs;> `jP]fisj;jtpu NtW vjw;Fk; mtHfs; Mjhuk; nrhy;ykhl;lhHfs;. ; t`P te;jijg;Nghd;W tha;fF tUtijnay;yhk; khHf;fk; vd;W ; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghHfs;. Mjhuq;fistpl mtHfspd; kNdh ,r;irAk;> jj;JtKk;> nka;apaYNk mtHfspd; nfhs;iffis ep&gpg;gjw;F mtHfSf;F kpfTk; rpwe;j rhjdk;. my;yh`; vk;kidtiuAk; ,j;jifa Fog;gq;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;ghdhf! ]`hghf;fSld; RtHf;fj;jpy; ehk; ,Ug;gjw;F mUs;nra;thdhf! MkPd.; epr;rakhf mtNd ahtw;iwAk; kpifj;jtdhfTk; kpf;f QhdKilatDkhf ,Uf;fpwhd;.
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gFjp -03

E}y; : ,];yhj;jpd; ghh;itapy; ]`hghf;fs; Nghl;bf;fhd gFjp: Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fSk; gjpy;fSk;

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M.B.M. ,];khapy; (kjdp)

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c]hkhtp d ; gilap y ; ngUk; ]`hghf; f s; nry; y hjJ Ml;rpia ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhfth?

egpatHfspd; gpd; fyPgh ahH?

mG+gf;H mtHfs; ghj;jpkh nra;jhHfsh?

,]; y hj; j pd;

c];khd; mtHfs; kPJ nrhy;yg;gLk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;.

,]; y hj; j pd;

M.B.M. ,];khapy; (kjdp)

02) m`;Y];]_d;dh ty;[khmj;jpdupd; nfhs;ifia Vw;wtHfs;:

mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; ]/j; gpd; mgp];]H`; :

my;tyPj; gpd; cf;gh:

]<j; ,g;Dy; M];;t :

mtHfs; my;FHMid vupjjhHfsh? ;

mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; MkpH gpd; fpHuP]:;

M.B.M. ,];khapy; (kjdp)

mG+ jHUy; fpghup mtHfis c];khd; mtHfs; ehL flj;jpdhHfsh?

M.B.M. ,];khapy; (kjdp)

m`{iuuh mtHfs; kPJ Rkj;jg;gLk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;.

mG+`_iuuh mtHfs; egp mtHfs; kPJ ,l;Lf;fl;bdhHfsh?

02. ve;NeuKk; mG+`_iuuh t mtHfs; egpAld; ,Ue;jJ.

mjp ; m fkhd `jP]fis mG+`_iuuh mtHfspdhy; vt;thW mwptpff Kbe;jJ! ;

01. `jP];fis kddkpLtjpYk; fw;Wf;nfhs;tjpYk; mtUf;fpUe;j MHtk;:

03. Vida ]`hghf; f is tpl mG+`_iuuh t mtHfsplkpUe;j mghukhd Qhgrff;jp:

04. ,iwtd; kPjpUe;j gak;:

05. mG+`_iuuh t mtHfspd; ePzl MAs; : ;

M.B.M. ,];khapy; (kjdp)

mtHfSf;F vjpuhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;.

Map\h mtHfs; jg;ghd elj;ijAilatHfsh?

mtHfSf;Fk; m`;Yy; igj;jpdUf;Fk; kj;jpapy;

\PMf;fSf; NfhH rthy; !!

,]; y hj; j pd;

M.B.M. ,];khapy; (kjdp)

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