Professional Documents
Culture Documents
အေတြးအေခၚႏွင့္ လမ္းစဥ္
အေတြးအေခၚႏွင့္ လမ္းစဥ္
()
()
() ()
demokratia demos (people) kratos (rule) democratie
democracy
classical democracy, developmental republicanism, protective republicanism,
protective democracy, legal democracy, developmental democracy, liberal democracy, direct democracy, participatory
democrat
() (democratization)
(ease of repression)
(democratic consolidation)
political liberalization democratic consolidation
liberalization abort ()
(Initial Transition)
Initial Transition
Initial Transition
Initial Transition
Initial Transition () (authoritarian breakdown)
Initial transition
interim period
Shain Lintz
() (Opposition-led interim government)
total rejections
() ()
()
() ()
nominate
people power movement
()
(incumbent- led caretaker governments)
incumbent de Klerk government
() power-sharing coalition
() (international interim governments)
()
()
(-) (-)
()
Humanitarian intervention
democratic consolidation Long-term
effects autonomous development political and economic challenges costs
benefits weighted benefits costs exceed
Humanitarian Intervention
Initial Transition
()
Initial Transition
Initial Transition
Political liberalization
Initial Transition
Initial Transition
Initial Transition ()
(authoritarian breakdown)
democratic consolidation
partial democracy
liberalization abort
Political liberalization
Political Liberalization
Political Liberalization civil liberties (ease of
repression)
(authoritarian elections)
democratic consolidation
political liberalization initial transition Initial transition
political liberalization
(Democratic consolidation)
liberalization authoritarian
end result
Pool Political Liberalization
Monshipouri Political Liberalization political liberalization
political liberalization
Monshipouri
political liberalization
political liberalization
hardliners softliners
opportunists, moderates radicals
Hardliners softliners
opportunists
moderates
radicals compromise
political
liberalization softliners moderates
(intra-regime factionalism)
intra-military factionalism
degradation of military institution political liberalization
political liberalization
paradox of success
political liberalization
political liberalization
political liberalization
dead end
political realities
political liberalization public space
moderates political liberalization democratic
Political liberalization
political deliberalization
() Civil Society
political liberalization civil society
active civil society
()
state society buffer zone
international legitimacy
political liberalization
obstacles
()
"patrimonialism"
"patrimonialism"
"patrimonialism"
"patrimonialism"
political liberalization
()
political liberalization
political liberalization
Sadet
macro-economic arrangements
political liberalization
political liberalization
political liberalization political liberalization
economic liberalization
Transition-induced
contraction supplier-buyer
relationship
liberalization of internal markets,
political liberalization
liberalization economic growth positive
relationship economic reform adverse effects
economic reform adverse effects
backlash
political liberalization
Political liberalization Political
liberalization
political liberalization political liberalization
() Initial Transition
()
() Political Liberalization
political space
()
() Initial transition
political liberalization
() political liberalization
initial transition
political liberalization political space
civil society
Civil Society
evolution
(collaboration) Civil Society
(Mediation) Civil
initial transition political
liberalization political space political
initial transition political liberalization
( )
( ()-
initial transition
political liberalization
initial transition
()
()-
( ) )
ABDELNASSER, Gamal. (2004): Egypt: Succession Politics, Volker Perthes (ed.), Arab Elites: Negotiating the Politics of
Change, (ed.), Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Alesina, Alberto, and Allan Drazen (1991), Why Are Stabilizations Delayed? American Economic Review 81 (5), 1170-1188.
Anderson, Lisa. (1999). Transitions to Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press.
Avant, Deborah. (1994) Political Institutions and Military Change: Lessons from Peripheral Wars. Ithaca, NY: Cornell
University Press
Barro, Robert J. (1996), Democracy and Growth, Journal of Economic Growth 1 (1), 1-27.
Campos, Nauro (1999), Back to the Future: The Growth Prospects of Transition Economies
Reconsidered, William Davidson Institute Working Paper No. 229, Ann Arbor, MI.
Denizer, Cevdet (1997), Stabilization, Adjustment and Growth Prospects in Transition Economies, Policy Research Working
Paper No. 1855, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
CHASE, Robert S.; HILL, Emily B. ve KENNEDY, Paul (1996): Pivotal States and U.S. Strategy, Foreign Affairs, 75: 33-51.
Finer, Samuel. (1962). The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
Fitch, J. Samuel. (1998). The Armed Forces and Democracy in Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
GALA, Amin A. (1995): Egypt's Economic Predicament: A Study in the Interaction of External Pressure, Political Folly and
Social Tension in Egypt. 1960-1990. New York, E. J. Brill.
Heybey, Berta, and Peter Murrel (1999), The Relationship between Economic Growth and the Speed of Liberalization During
Transition, Journal of Policy Reform 3 (2), 121-137.
Halpern, Manfred. 1963. The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa. Princeton: Princeton University
Press.
KRAMER, Gudrun (1996): The Integration of the Integrists, Ghassan Salame (ed.), Democracy without Democrats, London,
New York, I.B. Tauris.
LINZ, Juan J. ve STEPAN, Alfred (1996): Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, Southern Europe, South
America, and Post-Communist Europe, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Lipset, S.M. (1959), Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy, American
Political Science Review 53, 69-105.
Monshipouri, Mahmood. (1995) Democratization, Liberalization and Human Rights in the Third World. London: Lynne Rienner
Publishers
Parry, Geraint and Moran, Micheal, eds. (1994) Democracy and Democratization. New York: Routledge
Przeworski, Adam, and Fernando Limongi (1993), Political Regimes and Economic Growth, Journal of Economic Perspectives
7 (3), 51-69.
Rodrik, Dani (1995), The Dynamics of Political Support for Reforms in Economies in Transition, Journal of the Japanese and
International Economies 9 (4), 403-425.
Wolff, Holger C. (1999), Transition Strategies: Choices and Outcomes, Princeton Studies in International Finance No. 85
(June), Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.
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