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Th Ba, 30/09/2003 - 12:00 AM Cc c im ca SDH, so snh gia mng SDH vi mng PDH Trn ng thng tin s (digital) tn s v pha ca xung tn hiu phi c ng b mt cch chnh xc thc hin vic ghp knh. T cc knh tn hiu s cp 64kbit/s (=8kbit/s x 8) ta thc hin ghp knh cp cao. C 2 phng php ghp knh cp cao: ghp knh cn ng b v vi ghp knh ng b. VIN THNG Hi: ngh cho bit cc c im ca SDH, so snh gia mng SDH vi mng PDH p: Trn ng thng tin s (digital) tn s v pha ca xung tn hiu phi c ng b mt cch chnh xc thc hin vic ghp knh. T cc knh tn hiu s cp 64kbit/s (=8kbit/s x 8) ta thc hin ghp knh cp cao. C 2 phng php ghp knh cp cao: ghp knh cn ng b v vi ghp knh ng b. Trong ghp knh cn ng b (Plesiochronous Digital Hierachy), ngi ta cn chnh pha bng vic chn xung. Trong vic ng b ho bng chn xung, th tc ca xung nh thi (timing) hi nhanh hn tc ca xung tn hiu vo. Khi xung nh thi khc nhau 1byte th xung chn c chn vo v tr thi gian thch hp. Vi nguyn tc chn bit ghp cc knh 64kbit/s, hin nay c hai h thng: mt theo tiu chun Bc M v mt theo tiu chun chu u. H Bc M c cc cp sau: DS0 tc 64kbit/s, DS1 tc 1,544Mbit/s = 64kbit/s x 24 + 8 kbit/s DS2 tc 6,312Mbit/s = 1,544Mbit/s x 4 x 49/48 x 288/(288-0,33) DS3 tc 47,736Mbit/s DS4 tc 274,176Mbit/s H chu u cng c cp h tng ng l: CEPT0 tc 64kbit/s CEPT1 tc 2,048Mbit/s CEPT2 tc 8,448Mbit/s CEPT3 tc 32,368Mbit/s CEPT4 tc 139,264Mbit/s Trong phng trnh ca tn hiu DS2, tn hiu DS2 c c bng cch ghp 4 tn hiu DS1. T s 49/48 c ngha l vi tng 48bit li chn thm 1 bit ng b khung v vi tng 288bit li c bit chn. Vi s ghp knh PDH nu trn, nu ta mun tch c mt knh ring l t lung tn hiu bc cao khng th khng qua cc thit b tch knh theo trnh t t cao xung thp. Theo gc kinh t th vn u t vo cc thit b phn knh ny kh tn km. y l nhc im ca h thng PDH. Trong nhng nm 1980 do h thng chuyn mch s tng ngy cng nhiu, thit b truyn dn s c dng nhiu v nhu cu thit lp ISDN cng ngy cng ln, vic ng b ho mng li tr nn quan trng. Mt khc, nh vo tin b cng ngh

tin hc trong cc thit b truyn dn, cc b ni cho thc hin hon ton bng in t. Ti y d liu tc thp c th ni ln vi tn hiu tc cao. Tng ng, cng ngh truyn dn theo phn cp ng b SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierachy) ra i v a ti mt tiu chun quc t chung.

Hnh 1 Trong mng PDH, giao din nt mng NNI c dng nh cc giao din ni cho (cross connect), nhng mng SDH cng dng NNI nh cc giao din cho h thng truyn. Vi SDH, tc bit ti cc giao din NNI cng thng nht vi tc bit chuyn ti ca h thng tuyn. Tc bit l 155,529Mbit/s; 622,080Mbit/s v 2,488320Gbit/s. Cn trong cp h PDH, giao din ca tuyn khng c tiu chun ho. Hn na tiu chun SDH cho php trin khai cc thit b tng thch vi s vn hnh gim st v bo dng ca mng truyn dn quang. Phng php ghp knh Qu trnh ghp knh trong mng SDH phn bit r ra 2 qu trnh hot ng c lp nhau. l s hnh thnh modun chuyn ti ng b STM-1 v STM-N. S hnh thnh modun STM-N bc cao bng cch xen tn hiu STM-1. Nguyn tc ny cng c s dng ghp cc tn hiu PSH nhnh n (tn hiu TR) sao cho cc tn hiu t cp h khc nhau c th chim cng mt knh chuyn ti SDH. Hnh 1 l s biu din qu trnh ghp knh SDH. Cc tn hiu PDH nh DS1, DS2... v CEPT1, CEPT2, CEPT3... v cc tn hiu bng rng khc l cc tn hiu nhnh n ca STM-1. y l modun truyn dn nh nht ca h thng SDH. STM-1 cng l mt format c bn ca tn hiu ng b. Cc tn hiu trn c b tr vo khung STM-1, sau khi qua cc phn t nh conten C, conten o VC, n nguyn nhnh ghp TU v n nguyn qun l AU. Trong s cc phn t trn, C v VC c dng truyn dn tn hiu nhnh ghp trn mng ng b; knh o VC c hnh thnh t mt phn ca khung STM-1 chuyn ti tn hiu hoc knh dch v. Li i t im hnh thnh cngten o VC n im cngten b hu, c biu th bng tn hiu mo u POH ca khung. n nguyn AU c mt con tr ch th im xut pht ca khung VC chim phn ti trng (payload) ca STM-1. n nguyn TU c mt con tr biu th im xut pht ca VCn-1 ( mc thp) chim ti trng nm trong VC. S sp xp VCn, VCn-1 yu cu linh hot. Sau khi qua cc phn t trn, cc tn hiu nhnh ghp c chuyn vo STM-1. Tip tc, mun ghp N moun STM-1 thnh STM-N c th dng phng php xen byte n gin nh hnh 2.

Hnh 2 Cu trc khung ca SDH

Cu trc khung ca SDH Cu trc khung ca SDH c thit k sao cho cc knh dch v hoc knh bo hiu a vo hoc ly ra mt cch d dng. Hn na trong tng lai tn hiu SDH c s s c dng nh tn hiu c s ca mng truyn dn, c bit mng ISDN bng rng. Hnh 3 l cu trc khung ca STM-1 c chu k lp li l 125s, thng tin c sp xp vi n v byte theo 270 v 9 dng. Cc chc nng x l tn hiu cha phn thng tin mo u. Mc c bn ca tn hiu SDH l 155,520Mbit/s. Tc cp h bc cao hn l bi s ca tc cp h c bn. Nhng tn hiu DS1... DS3 ca M Nht c th chim mt s hng ct nh sau: Tn hiu DS1 (1,544Mbit/s) chim 9 hng x 3 ct Tn hiu DS2 chim 9 hng x 12 ct Tn hiu DS3 chim 9 hng x 85 ct Tng t, tn hiu CEPT1... CEPT3 ca chu u chim: Tn hiu CEPT1 (2,048Mbit/s) chim 9 hng x 4 ct Tn hiu CEPT2 chim 9 hng x 16 ct Tn hiu CEPT3 chim 9 hng x 65 ct Tn hiu CEPT4 chim 9 hng x 261 ct i vi nhng tn hiu trn, tn hiu mo u c b sung thm vo tc c bn. Tn hiu mo u ny c xp trong n nguyn gm 9 ct (xem hnh 1). Nh vy, n nguyn ny cha hm s xc nhn trn mi hng. Nh vy cc chc nng xc nhn, tch ra v xen vo c th thc hin mt cch d dng hn.

Hnh 3 thch ng vi dch v bng rng ISDN, ta c th thit lp tc dch v sao cho cu trc 9 x N byte (N l s nguyn) vn c m bo.

n nguyn mo u gm SOH (section overhead) v POH (path overhead). Phn SOH do cc phn t khc nhau trong cc thit b ghp knh v tuyn truyn dn yu cu. Phn POH do tng li i (path) ca tn hiu trong khung yu cu. c bit, cc c tnh cn thit gim st mng, kim tra cht lng v cu hnh t xa c sp t trong phn mo u, ph hp vi tiu chun qun l mng knh chung.

Hnh 4 u im ca cu trc ghp knh trong mng SDH l m bo tnh linh hot do tc dng xen byte (hnh 1). Ta thy, thng tin cc dch v DSn (hoc dch v bng rng Hn) cha vo ti trng ca khung STM-1 (hnh 3). Cc cngten Cn c hnh thnh bng cc thng tin dch v. Cc cngten o VCn gm cngten C cng thm mo u POH. n nguyn nhnh ghp TUn gm VCn cng thm con tr TH PRT. Cng ten o bc cao VCn+1 gm N (s nguyn N=1, 2, 3...) n nguyn TUn ghp li v cng thm mo u POHn+1. n nguyn AUm bc cao gm cngten o bc cao cng thm con tr AUmPTR (m=3 hoc 4). Hnh 4 l mt th d minh ha cu trc ca cngten o VC-4.

Hnh 5 Cc cu hnh mng SDH Cng ngh SDH cho php cu hnh mng rt linh hot v a dng nh: mng im ni im, mng dy xch (xen/r), mng vng Ring. Ti cc trm u cui STM, cc lung tn hiu 2Mbit/s, 34Mbit/s v 140Mbit/s... qua cc thit b ghp knh ng b thnh cc lung 155Mbit/s v c truyn ti trm tip theo bng cp quang. Trn mt dy lin tip cc trm cn c trm ghp/r SMA. Ti y, mt s lung c r ra v mt s lung c ghp vo.

Hnh 6 Mng c dng ph bin l mng vng Ring. Trong mt vng nh hnh 6, cc moun SMA ni kn vi nhau. Khi mt khu ca vng c s c, th cu hnh ring nhanh chng hi phc ng truyn truyn lu lng. Cu hnh Ring cn cho php d dng t chc d phng 1+1. Trong d phng 1+1 cc tuyn ni gia SMA u l tuyn kp. Lc ny li vo v li ra ca mi SMA u s dng giao din d phng. Cu hnh ring bo v 1+1 c kh nng t khi phc, t iu khin cho php d phng 100% khi c s c ng truyn. NGUYN KHNH KIN
Bn quyn thuc Tp ch Cng ngh thng tin & Truyn thng a ch: 95E, L Nam , H Ni. in thoi: (04)37737136. Fax: (04)37737130. Email: tapchibcvt@mic.gov.vn C quan ch qun: B Thng tin v Truyn thng. Ph Tng bin tp ph trch: V C h Kin Gip php s 131/GP-TTT do Cc Qun l Pht thanh, Truyn hnh v trang tin in t cp ngy 7/10/2009.